[ { "key": "4J2PTCSR", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 52142, "name": "travail", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/travail", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/52142/items/4J2PTCSR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/travail/items/4J2PTCSR", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 579826, "username": "Letrilliart", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/letrilliart", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Rosen and Mayer-Oakes", "parsedDate": "1999-03", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "4J2PTCSR", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Episodes of care: theoretical frameworks versus current operational realities", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A K", "lastName": "Rosen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A", "lastName": "Mayer-Oakes" } ], "abstractNote": "BACKGROUND: Fundamental changes in the structure of the health care industry have stimulated the need for improved definitions of output and for better methods of organizing utilization data into appropriate units. Although the \"episode of care\" concept has existed since the 1960s, its recognition as integral to the management of health care cost and utilization is relatively recent. Conceptually, episodes of care represent a meaningful unit of analysis for assessing the full range of primary and specialty services provided in treating a particular health problem. Proprietary episode software grouper products are currently being used by health care organizations for the purposes of provider profiling, clinical benchmarking, disease management, and quality measurement. DESCRIPTION OF EPISODE GROUPER SOFTWARE PRODUCTS: Four episode grouper products are described that use a computerized approach for developing episodes of care from administrative data. They are compared on several characteristics, including purpose, case-mix adjustment, comprehensiveness, and clinical flexibility. Their differences in episode construction, such as how the start points and endpoints of an episode are defined, are also delineated. CONCLUSIONS: Episode groupers are critical to the analysis of health care delivery, since they focus on the entire process of care. Although all the groupers reviewed have many strengths, much developmental work still needs to occur in order to standardize the measurement and operationalization of episodes of care as units of analysis. Furthermore, until the data sources used are more valid and reliable, they will at best remain gross screening measures of quality.", "publicationTitle": "The Joint Commission Journal on Quality Improvement", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Mar 1999", "volume": "25", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "111-128", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Jt Comm J Qual Improv", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10093017", "accessDate": "2011-04-30T13:59:20Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1070-3241", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Episodes of care", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 10093017", "tags": [ { "tag": "Benchmarking", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cluster Analysis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Data Interpretation, Statistical", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Diagnosis-Related Groups", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Disease Management", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Efficiency, Organizational", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Episode of Care", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Physician's Practice Patterns", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Software Validation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "United States", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Utilization Review", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-09-07T10:14:18Z", "dateModified": "2011-09-07T10:14:18Z" } }, { "key": "65QQKM7V", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 52142, "name": "travail", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/travail", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/52142/items/65QQKM7V", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/travail/items/65QQKM7V", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 579826, "username": "Letrilliart", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/letrilliart", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Okkes et al.", "parsedDate": "2001-07", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "65QQKM7V", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Advantages of long observation in episode-oriented electronic patient records in family practice", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "I M", "lastName": "Okkes" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A", "lastName": "Groen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S K", "lastName": "Oskam" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H", "lastName": "Lamberts" } ], "abstractNote": "From 1985-2000, 58 Dutch family physicians (FPs) of the Transition Project collected ICPC-coded data on 47, 2451 episodes of care, first in paper records for direct encounters only, later with a complete electronic patient record (EPR) for all (direct and indirect) encounters. Based on these data, the effects of a long observation period and the inclusion of all encounters (both direct and indirect) in the EPR were studied. Long observation periods in EPRs appear to have important advantages for patient documentation and the assessment of the content of family practice. Comparison of data from a one-year versus a four-year observation period showed a shift in utilization rates. In a long observation period, visiting patients appeared to make less demand on care, while the content of the FP's care for selected chronic diseases was reflected more realistically. The inclusion of all indirect encounters in an EPR (as compared to the previous inclusion of direct encounters only) resulted in more than twice the number of coded entries per listed patient, and thus led to a major shift in perspective on the FP's involvement in patient care.", "publicationTitle": "Methods of Information in Medicine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Jul 2001", "volume": "40", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "229-235", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Methods Inf Med", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11501637", "accessDate": "2011-04-30T13:55:35Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0026-1270", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 11501637", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adolescent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Child", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Child, Preschool", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Data Collection", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Episode of Care", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Family Practice", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Infant", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Infant, Newborn", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Medical Records Systems, Computerized", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Netherlands", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Observation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Office Visits", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Time Factors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Utilization Review", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-09-07T10:14:18Z", "dateModified": "2011-09-07T10:14:18Z" } }, { "key": "GG2HITB2", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 52142, "name": "travail", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/travail", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/52142/items/GG2HITB2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/travail/items/GG2HITB2", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 579826, "username": "Letrilliart", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/letrilliart", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Goldfinger", "parsedDate": "1973-03-22", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "GG2HITB2", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The problem-oriented record: a critique from a believer", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S E", "lastName": "Goldfinger" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "The New England Journal of Medicine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Mar 22, 1973", "volume": "288", "issue": "12", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "606-608", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "N. Engl. J. Med", "DOI": "10.1056/NEJM197303222881205", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4568844", "accessDate": "2011-04-30T14:00:25Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0028-4793", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The problem-oriented record", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 4568844", "tags": [ { "tag": "Computers", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Data Display", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Education, Medical", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Information Systems", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Medical Audit", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Medical Records", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Peer Review", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Problem Solving", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Teaching", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "United States", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-09-07T10:14:18Z", "dateModified": "2011-09-07T10:14:18Z" } }, { "key": "449C7UFH", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 52142, "name": "travail", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/travail", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/52142/items/449C7UFH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/travail/items/449C7UFH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 579826, "username": "Letrilliart", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/letrilliart", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Donnelly and Brauner", "parsedDate": "1992-03", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "449C7UFH", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Why SOAP is bad for the medical record", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "W J", "lastName": "Donnelly" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D J", "lastName": "Brauner" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Archives of Internal Medicine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Mar 1992", "volume": "152", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "481-484", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Arch. Intern. Med", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1546910", "accessDate": "2011-04-30T13:45:35Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0003-9926", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 1546910", "tags": [ { "tag": "Medical History Taking", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Medical Records, Problem-Oriented", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Physician-Patient Relations", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "United States", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-09-07T10:14:18Z", "dateModified": "2011-09-07T10:14:18Z" } }, { "key": "PZDGD6GZ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 52142, "name": "travail", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/travail", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/52142/items/PZDGD6GZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/travail/items/PZDGD6GZ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 579826, "username": "Letrilliart", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/letrilliart", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Singer", "parsedDate": "1992-12", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "PZDGD6GZ", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Why SOAP is good for the medical record?: another view", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E P", "lastName": "Singer" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Archives of Internal Medicine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Dec 1992", "volume": "152", "issue": "12", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "2511; author reply 2511, 2514", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Arch. Intern. Med", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1456869", "accessDate": "2011-04-30T13:44:57Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0003-9926", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Why SOAP is good for the medical record?", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 1456869", "tags": [ { "tag": "Medical History Taking", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Medical Records", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Medical Records, Problem-Oriented", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-09-07T10:14:18Z", "dateModified": "2011-09-07T10:14:18Z" } }, { "key": "6U6G9TUA", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 52142, "name": "travail", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/travail", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/52142/items/6U6G9TUA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/travail/items/6U6G9TUA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 579826, "username": "Letrilliart", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/letrilliart", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Simborg et al.", "parsedDate": "1976-10", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "6U6G9TUA", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Information factors affecting problem follow-up in ambulatory care", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D W", "lastName": "Simborg" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B H", "lastName": "Starfield" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S D", "lastName": "Horn" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S A", "lastName": "Yourtee" } ], "abstractNote": "The influence of information factors on the follow-up of patient problems was studied in six ambulatory clinics providing primary patient care. By means of chart review, the encounter notes were examined for two consecutive visits to the same clinic to determine problems identified at the first visit and detect evidence of follow-up of these problems at the second visit. In those clinics using a problem list, at the front of the chart, those problems on the problem list had a higher follow-up rate than those not on the list particularly at longer intervals between patient visits. An encounter note written in the problem-oriented format did not enhance follow-up. Since information factors as well as clinical factors affect the follow-up of patient problems these factors must be carefully considered when designing information systems to serve ambulatory care.", "publicationTitle": "Medical Care", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Oct 1976", "volume": "14", "issue": "10", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "848-856", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Med Care", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1085849", "accessDate": "2011-04-30T14:04:40Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0025-7079", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 1085849", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Ambulatory Care", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Child", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Comprehensive Health Care", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Continuity of Patient Care", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Diagnosis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Health Maintenance Organizations", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Information Services", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Medical Records", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Medical Records, Problem-Oriented", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Outpatient Clinics, Hospital", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Primary Health Care", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-09-07T10:14:18Z", "dateModified": "2011-09-07T10:14:18Z" } }, { "key": "3AU2M9IR", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 52142, "name": "travail", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/travail", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/52142/items/3AU2M9IR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/travail/items/3AU2M9IR", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 579826, "username": "Letrilliart", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/letrilliart", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Salmon et al.", "parsedDate": "1996", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "3AU2M9IR", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Taking the problem oriented medical record forward", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P", "lastName": "Salmon" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A", "lastName": "Rappaport" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M", "lastName": "Bainbridge" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G", "lastName": "Hayes" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J", "lastName": "Williams" } ], "abstractNote": "The problem oriented medical record (POMR) has proved to be very successful in providing a structure that helps doctors record their notes about patients, and view those notes subsequently in a manner that quickly gives them a good understanding of that patients history. This approach has been validated by the American Institute of Medicine. With the increased use of computer systems that implement the POMR by doctors, the limitations of this structure have become apparent, and there is clearly scope for developing the model further to improve the quality of the data recorded, and adding meaning to it. This paper describes some of the limitations of the POMR, and discusses a number of areas in which it may be extended. Crucially, this is done in a manner which is both implementable, and usable. The extensions explored include some types of entity including encounters, episodes and subproblems; and an alternative view-the Timeline. The terminology used for the extensions is clarified. Mechanisms by which these extensions have been implemented are described. Ways in which systems can manage these extensions automatically are suggested. Such implementations are constrained by the need not to allow the demands of the computer to intrude into the patient encounter. They are also constrained by the requirements for reporting by professional and governmental institutions, and by what is pragmatically feasible in software and hardware.", "publicationTitle": "Proceedings: A Conference of the American Medical Informatics Association / ... AMIA Annual Fall Symposium. AMIA Fall Symposium", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1996", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "463-467", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Proc AMIA Annu Fall Symp", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8947709", "accessDate": "2011-04-30T13:53:15Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1091-8280", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 8947709", "tags": [ { "tag": "Computer Systems", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Medical Records Systems, Computerized", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Medical Records, Problem-Oriented", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-09-07T10:14:18Z", "dateModified": "2011-09-07T10:14:18Z" } } ]