[ { "key": "BBCQGPJ2", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50967, "name": "Leadership and Diversity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/leadership_and_diversity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50967/items/BBCQGPJ2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/leadership_and_diversity/items/BBCQGPJ2", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 450808, "username": "airtrent", "name": "Michael Swanson", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/airtrent", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Eagly and Chin", "parsedDate": "2010-04-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BBCQGPJ2", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Diversity and Leadership in a Changing World", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alice H.", "lastName": "Eagly" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jean Lau", "lastName": "Chin" } ], "abstractNote": "Scholars of leadership have infrequently addressed the diversity of leaders and followers in terms of culture, gender, race and ethnicity, or sexual orientation. This omission has weakened the ability of research and theory to address some of the most provocative aspects of contemporary leadership, including (a) the limited access of individuals from diverse identity groups to leadership roles; (b) the shaping of leaders' behavior by their dual identities as leaders and members of gender, racial, ethnic, or other identity groups; and (c) the potential of individuals from groups formerly excluded from leadership roles to provide excellent leadership because of their differences from traditional leaders. In addressing such issues, we argue that the joining of the two bodies of theory and research--one pertaining to leadership and the other to diversity--enriches both domains of knowledge and provides guidelines for optimizing leadership in contemporary organizations and nations.", "publicationTitle": "American Psychologist", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "April 01, 2010", "volume": "65", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "216-224", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0003-066X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Ethnic Diversity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Homosexuality", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Individual Development", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Perspective Taking", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Power Structure", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Race", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "SEX role", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sex", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sexual Identity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sexual Orientation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cultural differences", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ethnicity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "leadership", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "leadership effectiveness", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "leadership styles", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "social networks", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-08-04T15:27:53Z", "dateModified": "2011-08-04T15:27:53Z" } }, { "key": "82MUCRHH", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50967, "name": "Leadership and Diversity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/leadership_and_diversity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50967/items/82MUCRHH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/leadership_and_diversity/items/82MUCRHH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 450808, "username": "airtrent", "name": "Michael Swanson", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/airtrent", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Gibson and McDaniel", "parsedDate": "2010-11", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "82MUCRHH", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Moving beyond conventional wisdom: Advancements in cross-cultural theories of leadership, conflict, and teams.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Cristina B.", "lastName": "Gibson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dana M.", "lastName": "McDaniel" } ], "abstractNote": "In this article, we discuss the importance of a cross-cultural approach to organizational behavior. To do so, we illustrate how cross-cultural research in the past two decades has enabled us to reconceptualize constructs, revise models, and extend boundary conditions in traditional organizational behavior theories. We focus on three domains—teams, leadership, and conflict—and review cross-cultural empirical evidence that has extended several theories in each of these domains. We support the claim that even well-established organizational behavior theories vary in the extent to which they may be applied unilaterally across cultures, thus identifying the critical need to advance these theories via a cross-cultural research agenda. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)", "publicationTitle": "Perspectives on Psychological Science", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "November 2010", "volume": "5", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "450-462", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1177/1745691610375560", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1745-6916", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Moving beyond conventional wisdom", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Conflict", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cross Cultural Differences", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Organizational Behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Teams", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Theories", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Work Teams", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cross-cultural approaches", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "leadership", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-08-04T15:27:53Z", "dateModified": "2011-08-04T15:27:53Z" } }, { "key": "UEDF5PCJ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50967, "name": "Leadership and Diversity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/leadership_and_diversity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50967/items/UEDF5PCJ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/leadership_and_diversity/items/UEDF5PCJ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 450808, "username": "airtrent", "name": "Michael Swanson", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/airtrent", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Holt et al.", "parsedDate": "2009", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "UEDF5PCJ", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Leadership and Culture: Examining the Relationship between Cultural Background and Leadership Perceptions.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Svetlana", "lastName": "Holt" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert", "lastName": "Bjorklund" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Virginia", "lastName": "Green" } ], "abstractNote": "Copyright of Journal of Global Business Issues is the property of Journal of Global Business Issues and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Global Business Issues", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Summer 2009", "volume": "3", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "149-164", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1931311X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Leadership and Culture", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "CROSS-cultural communication", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Diversity in the Workplace", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "EXECUTIVES", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Education", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "PERSONALITY & culture", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Perception", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "leadership", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-08-04T15:27:53Z", "dateModified": "2011-08-04T15:27:53Z" } }, { "key": "R7VZ5DR6", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50967, "name": "Leadership and Diversity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/leadership_and_diversity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50967/items/R7VZ5DR6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/leadership_and_diversity/items/R7VZ5DR6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 450808, "username": "airtrent", "name": "Michael Swanson", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/airtrent", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Munley", "parsedDate": "2011-03", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "R7VZ5DR6", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Culture Differences in Leadership.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Almarie E.", "lastName": "Munley" } ], "abstractNote": "Copyright of IUP Journal of Soft Skills is the property of IUP Publications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)", "publicationTitle": "IUP Journal of Soft Skills", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "March 2011", "volume": "5", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "16-30", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "09738479", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Globalization", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "HOFSTEDE, Geert H., 1928-", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cross-cultural differences", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "leadership", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "organization", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-08-04T15:27:53Z", "dateModified": "2011-08-04T15:27:53Z" } }, { "key": "BPCBD9G3", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50967, "name": "Leadership and Diversity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/leadership_and_diversity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50967/items/BPCBD9G3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/leadership_and_diversity/items/BPCBD9G3", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 450808, "username": "airtrent", "name": "Michael Swanson", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/airtrent", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Smith", "parsedDate": "2011-06", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BPCBD9G3", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Who Shall Lead Us? How Cultural Values and Ethical Ideologies Guide Young Marketers' Evaluations of the Transformational Manager-Leader.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Brent", "lastName": "Smith" } ], "abstractNote": "Copyright of Journal of Business Ethics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Business Ethics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "June 2011", "volume": "100", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "633-645", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1007/s10551-010-0701-0", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "01674544", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Who Shall Lead Us?", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "CONSUMER behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Decision Making", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ETHICAL relativism", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "IDEALISM", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "IDEOLOGY", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "MARKETING research", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "MORAL & ethical aspects", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Marketing", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "RISK aversion", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "SAMPLING (Statistics)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "SOCIAL perception", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "business ethics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cultural values", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ethical ideology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "leadership", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "marketing organization", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "transformational leadership", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-08-04T15:27:53Z", "dateModified": "2011-08-04T15:27:53Z" } }, { "key": "8CV7CIJV", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50967, "name": "Leadership and Diversity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/leadership_and_diversity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50967/items/8CV7CIJV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/leadership_and_diversity/items/8CV7CIJV", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 450808, "username": "airtrent", "name": "Michael Swanson", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/airtrent", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Levitt", "parsedDate": "2010", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "8CV7CIJV", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Women and Leadership: A Developmental Paradox?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dana Heller", "lastName": "Levitt" } ], "abstractNote": "Copyright of Adultspan: Theory Research & Practice is the property of American Counseling Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)", "publicationTitle": "Adultspan: Theory Research & Practice", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Fall2010 2010", "volume": "9", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "66-75", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "15246817", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Women and Leadership", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Counseling", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "FEMINISM", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "GENDER stereotypes", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "WOMEN -- Psychology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "WOMEN executives", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "leadership", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-08-04T15:27:53Z", "dateModified": "2011-08-04T15:27:53Z" } }, { "key": "R37JBWS8", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50967, "name": "Leadership and Diversity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/leadership_and_diversity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50967/items/R37JBWS8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/leadership_and_diversity/items/R37JBWS8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 450808, "username": "airtrent", "name": "Michael Swanson", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/airtrent", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ayman and Korabik", "parsedDate": "2010-04", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "R37JBWS8", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Leadership: Why gender and culture matter.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Roya", "lastName": "Ayman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Karen", "lastName": "Korabik" } ], "abstractNote": "For decades, understanding of leadership has been largely based on the results of studies carried out on White men in the United States. We review major theories and models of leadership as they pertain to either gender or culture. We focus on 3 approaches to leadership: trait (including leadership categorization or implicit leadership theory), behavioral (including the two-factor, transformational–transactional leadership, and leader–member exchange models), and contingency (i.e., contingency model of leadership effectiveness and normative decision making). We discuss how dynamics related to either culture or gender (e.g., stereotypes and schemas, ingroup–outgroup interaction, role expectations, power and status differentials) can have an important impact on many aspects of leadership. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved). (from the journal abstract)", "publicationTitle": "American Psychologist", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "April 2010", "volume": "65", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "157-170", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1037/a0018806", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0003-066X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Leadership", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Culture (Anthropological)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Ethnic Identity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Human Sex Differences", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Leadership Style", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sex Roles", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "culture", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "diversity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ethnicity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "gender", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "leadership", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-08-04T15:27:53Z", "dateModified": "2011-08-04T15:27:53Z" } }, { "key": "CIXN25EG", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50967, "name": "Leadership and Diversity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/leadership_and_diversity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50967/items/CIXN25EG", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/leadership_and_diversity/items/CIXN25EG", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 450808, "username": "airtrent", "name": "Michael Swanson", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/airtrent", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Rowley et al.", "parsedDate": "2010-01-15", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "CIXN25EG", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Leadership Through A Gender Lens: How Cultural Environments and Theoretical Perspectives Interact with Gender.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sam", "lastName": "Rowley" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Farhad", "lastName": "Hossain" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Paul", "lastName": "Barry" } ], "abstractNote": "Copyright of International Journal of Public Administration is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)", "publicationTitle": "International Journal of Public Administration", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "January 15, 2010", "volume": "33", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "81-87", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1080/01900690903241757", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "01900692", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Leadership Through A Gender Lens", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "BEST practices", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "CORPORATE culture", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "GENDER inequality", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "INDUSTRIAL management", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "SEX role in the work environment", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "TOTAL quality management", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "WOMEN executives", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "culture", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "gender", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "leadership", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-08-04T15:27:53Z", "dateModified": "2011-08-04T15:27:53Z" } }, { "key": "GPSPR4FI", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50967, "name": "Leadership and Diversity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/leadership_and_diversity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50967/items/GPSPR4FI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/leadership_and_diversity/items/GPSPR4FI", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 450808, "username": "airtrent", "name": "Michael Swanson", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/airtrent", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Collard", "parsedDate": "2007-01-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "GPSPR4FI", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Constructing Theory for Leadership in Intercultural Contexts", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John", "lastName": "Collard" } ], "abstractNote": "Purpose: Established educational leadership discourse has been dominated by Anglo-American perspectives oblivious to the cultural diversity that characterizes the contemporary world. It has frequently privileged mono-cultural, mainstream values which have meant indigenous and ethnic groups have suffered alienation, exclusion and disadvantage. Western-led educational interventions in developing nations also frequently fail to acknowledge the rich cultural traditions of recipient societies and theories and practice are rarely appropriately scrutinized for \"cultural fit\". The purpose of this paper is to construct a theory for leadership in intercultural contexts. Design/methodology/approach: The article reviews how monocultural assumptions of colonial and national leadership cultures in the past were frequently inappropriate for the diverse populations they were intended to serve. The global era has witnessed the emergence of cross-cultural theory and research paradigms to combat cultural blindness and develop cultural sensitivities. While applauding these developments, the epistemological assumptions that underlie such research are questioned. A case for more nuanced theory, which acknowledges complex interactions between agents from different cultures, is developed. This includes a call for more dynamic research tools based upon constructivist and phenomenological premises. Findings: Cross-cultural research has generated territorial maps that promote insight and mutual understandings. However, it relies upon essentialist stereotypes that mask the existence of complex sub-cultures and dynamic forces of change within national cultures. Case study research which taps the subjective understandings of cultural actors is cited to reveal a more complex process of interaction between cultural agents. Research limitations/implications: This is a theoretical exploration, not an empirical report. It is limited by the scarcity of existing research in a fledgling field. Practical implications: The article encourages researchers to move from observationally based, stereotypical portraits to more nuanced concepts of cultures as complex, multi-layered and changing phenomena. It establishes the epistemological foundations for future research in inter-cultural contexts. Originality/value: The paper develops new directions for future theory and research.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Educational Administration", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "January 01, 2007", "volume": "45", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "740-755", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0957-8234", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Constructivism (Learning); Research Tools; Intercultural Communication; Ethnic Groups; Cultural Pluralism; Cultural Awareness; Instructional Leadership; Context Effect; Leadership Qualities", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-08-04T15:27:53Z", "dateModified": "2011-08-04T15:27:53Z" } }, { "key": "8E6ZG4X4", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50967, "name": "Leadership and Diversity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/leadership_and_diversity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50967/items/8E6ZG4X4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/leadership_and_diversity/items/8E6ZG4X4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 450808, "username": "airtrent", "name": "Michael Swanson", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/airtrent", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Pedersen and Pope", "parsedDate": "2010-11", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "8E6ZG4X4", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Inclusive cultural empathy for successful global leadership.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Paul B.", "lastName": "Pedersen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mark", "lastName": "Pope" } ], "abstractNote": "Empathy is reported in the research literature as a necessary factor in counseling and psychotherapy, but psychologists have historically interpreted empathy through an exclusively individual focus. Most of the research on empathy has been predicated on a definition of empathy as occurring when one person vicariously experiences the feelings, perceptions, and thoughts of another. In Western cultures, the study of empathy focuses exclusively on the individual, whereas in traditional non-Western cultures, empathy more typically involves an inclusive perspective focusing on the individual and significant others in the societal context. This article explores the reframing of “empathy,” based on an individualistic perspective, into “inclusive cultural empathy,” based on a more relationship-centered perspective, as an alternative interpretation of the empathic process. Psychologists are both the problem and the solution to this dilemma, and the authors call upon the field to take leadership in applying this “inclusive cultural empathy” model. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved). (from the journal abstract)", "publicationTitle": "American Psychologist", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "November 2010", "volume": "65", "issue": "8", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "841-854", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1037/0003-066X.65.8.841", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0003-066X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Counseling", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cross Cultural Counseling", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Globalization", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "International Relations", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Multiculturalism", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sociocultural Factors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cross-cultural", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "culture", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "empathy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "global leadership", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "international", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "leadership", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "multicultural", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "psychotherapy", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-08-04T15:27:53Z", "dateModified": "2011-08-04T15:27:53Z" } }, { "key": "M38BVI8U", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50967, "name": "Leadership and Diversity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/leadership_and_diversity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50967/items/M38BVI8U", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/leadership_and_diversity/items/M38BVI8U", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 450808, "username": "airtrent", "name": "Michael Swanson", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/airtrent", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "KOK-YEE NG et al.", "parsedDate": "2009-12", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "M38BVI8U", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "From Experience to Experiential Learning: Cultural Intelligence as a Learning Capability for Global Leader Development.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "KOK-YEE NG" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "LINN", "lastName": "VAN DYNE" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "SOON ANG" } ], "abstractNote": "Copyright of Academy of Management Learning & Education is the property of Academy of Management and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)", "publicationTitle": "Academy of Management Learning & Education", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "December 2009", "volume": "8", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "511-526", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.5465/AMLE.2009.47785470", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1537260X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "From Experience to Experiential Learning", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "CULTURAL awareness", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "CULTURAL intelligence", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "EMPLOYEES -- Training of", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "EMPLOYMENT in foreign countries", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ETHNIC attitudes", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Experiential Learning", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Globalization", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "INTERNATIONAL business enterprises", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "INTERNATIONAL trade", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "LEARNING by discovery", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Organizational Behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "leadership", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "research", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "self-efficacy", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-08-04T15:27:53Z", "dateModified": "2011-08-04T15:27:53Z" } }, { "key": "ARHFCS6A", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50967, "name": "Leadership and Diversity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/leadership_and_diversity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50967/items/ARHFCS6A", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/leadership_and_diversity/items/ARHFCS6A", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 450808, "username": "airtrent", "name": "Michael Swanson", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/airtrent", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Resick et al.", "parsedDate": "2011-07", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ARHFCS6A", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "What Ethical Leadership Means to Me: Asian, American, and European Perspectives.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christian", "lastName": "Resick" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gillian", "lastName": "Martin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mary", "lastName": "Keating" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marcus", "lastName": "Dickson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ho", "lastName": "Kwan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Chunyan", "lastName": "Peng" } ], "abstractNote": "Copyright of Journal of Business Ethics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Business Ethics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "July 2011", "volume": "101", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "435-457", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1007/s10551-010-0730-8", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "01674544", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "What Ethical Leadership Means to Me", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "CONFUCIANISM", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "CONTENT analysis (Communication)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "CORRUPTION", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "China", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "GERMANY", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Globalization", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "HONG Kong (China)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "IRELAND", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "MORAL & ethical aspects", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "SCANDALS", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Taiwan", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "UNITED States", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "collectivism", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cross-cultural leadership", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cultural boundaries", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cultural values", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ethical leadership", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ethics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "leadership", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "qualitative research", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "unethical leadership", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-08-04T15:27:53Z", "dateModified": "2011-08-04T15:27:53Z" } }, { "key": "CBSTTTT6", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50967, "name": "Leadership and Diversity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/leadership_and_diversity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50967/items/CBSTTTT6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/leadership_and_diversity/items/CBSTTTT6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 450808, "username": "airtrent", "name": "Michael Swanson", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/airtrent", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Young et al.", "parsedDate": "2010-10", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "CBSTTTT6", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A Comparison Of Leadership Styles And Gender Role Internalization Among Female Managers In The United States.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jennifer J.", "lastName": "Young" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Barbara", "lastName": "Beauchamp" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Susan", "lastName": "Jackson-Dowd" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Karen", "lastName": "Dunnagan" } ], "abstractNote": "The article presents a study which compares the gender role internalization and transformational and transactional leadership style among female managers in the U.S. The study administered Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire 5 X (MLQ) and the Gender Role Socialization (GRSS) scale to assess leadership styles and gender role internalization of 100 female. It founds that individualized consideration was high among women who adopt transformational leadership styles more often than men.", "publicationTitle": "Academic Leadership (15337812)", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "October 2010", "volume": "8", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "30", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "15337812", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "EXECUTIVE ability (Management)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "INTERNALIZATION", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "SEX role", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "UNITED States", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "WOMEN executives -- United States", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "transformational leadership", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-08-04T15:27:53Z", "dateModified": "2011-08-04T15:27:53Z" } }, { "key": "2D4WEKPA", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50967, "name": "Leadership and Diversity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/leadership_and_diversity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50967/items/2D4WEKPA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/leadership_and_diversity/items/2D4WEKPA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 450808, "username": "airtrent", "name": "Michael Swanson", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/airtrent", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kacmar et al.", "parsedDate": "2011-05", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "2D4WEKPA", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Fostering good citizenship through ethical leadership: Exploring the moderating role of gender and organizational politics.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K. Michele", "lastName": "Kacmar" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Daniel G.", "lastName": "Bachrach" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kenneth J.", "lastName": "Harris" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Suzanne", "lastName": "Zivnuska" } ], "abstractNote": "Considering the implications of social exchange theory as a context for social role behavior, we tested relations between ethical leadership and both person- and task-focused organizational citizenship behavior and examined the roles played by employee gender and politics perceptions. Although social exchange theory predicts that ethical leadership is positively associated with citizenship, social role theory predicts that the nature of this relationship may vary on the basis of gender and politics perceptions. Results from data collected from 288 supervisor–subordinate dyads indicate that the pattern of male versus female employees' citizenship associated with ethical leadership depends significantly on their perceptions of politics. Implications for theory and practice are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved). (from the journal abstract)", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Applied Psychology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 2011", "volume": "96", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "633-642", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1037/a0021872", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0021-9010", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Fostering good citizenship through ethical leadership", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Employee Attitudes", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Human Sex Differences", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Organizational Behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Prosocial Behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Roles", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sex Roles", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Supervisor Employee Interaction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ethical leadership", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ethics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "gender", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "leadership", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "organizational citizenship behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "organizational commitment", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "perceptions of politics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "sex differences", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "social role theory", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-08-04T15:27:53Z", "dateModified": "2011-08-04T15:27:53Z" } } ]