[ { "key": "6AHYPXLH", "version": 57, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 508533, "name": "Biblio science participative", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/508533/items/6AHYPXLH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative/items/6AHYPXLH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1257245, "username": "Thomas_of_Mars", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/thomas_of_mars", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Burgess et al.", "parsedDate": "2017", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "6AHYPXLH", "version": 57, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The science of citizen science: Exploring barriers to use as a primary research tool", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H.K.", "lastName": "Burgess" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L.B.", "lastName": "DeBey" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H.E.", "lastName": "Froehlich" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N.", "lastName": "Schmidt" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E.J.", "lastName": "Theobald" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.K.", "lastName": "Ettinger" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "HilleRisLambers" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Tewksbury" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.K.", "lastName": "Parrish" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Biological Conservation", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "04/2017", "volume": "208", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "113-120", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Biological Conservation", "DOI": "10.1016/j.biocon.2016.05.014", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320716301951", "accessDate": "2021-10-22T14:45:19Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "00063207", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The science of citizen science", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "DOI.org (Crossref)", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2021-10-22T14:45:19Z", "dateModified": "2021-10-22T14:45:19Z" } }, { "key": "D9WC6EXS", "version": 56, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 508533, "name": "Biblio science participative", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/508533/items/D9WC6EXS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative/items/D9WC6EXS", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1257245, "username": "Thomas_of_Mars", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/thomas_of_mars", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Thorson et al.", "parsedDate": "2014", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "D9WC6EXS", "version": 56, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Demographic modeling of citizen science data informs habitat preferences and population dynamics of recovering fishes", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "James T.", "lastName": "Thorson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mark D.", "lastName": "Scheuerell" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Brice X.", "lastName": "Semmens" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christy V.", "lastName": "Pattengill-Semmens" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Ecology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "12/2014", "volume": "95", "issue": "12", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "3251-3258", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Ecology", "DOI": "10.1890/13-2223.1", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://doi.wiley.com/10.1890/13-2223.1", "accessDate": "2021-10-22T13:48:35Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0012-9658", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "DOI.org (Crossref)", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2021-10-22T13:48:35Z", "dateModified": "2021-10-22T13:48:35Z" } }, { "key": "S6PC4669", "version": 55, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 508533, "name": "Biblio science participative", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/508533/items/S6PC4669", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative/items/S6PC4669", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1257245, "username": "Thomas_of_Mars", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/thomas_of_mars", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lavin and Sullivan-Sealey", "parsedDate": "1996", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "S6PC4669", "version": 55, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Analysis of a volunteer method for collecting fish presence and abundance data in the Florida Keys", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Emily F. Schmitt", "lastName": "Lavin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kathleen M.", "lastName": "Sullivan-Sealey" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Bulletin of Marine Science", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1996", "volume": "59", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "404-416", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2021-10-22T13:39:39Z", "dateModified": "2021-10-22T13:39:39Z" } }, { "key": "Y8RUAHAB", "version": 54, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 508533, "name": "Biblio science participative", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/508533/items/Y8RUAHAB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative/items/Y8RUAHAB", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1257245, "username": "Thomas_of_Mars", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/thomas_of_mars", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Holt et al.", "parsedDate": "2013", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "Y8RUAHAB", "version": 54, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Comparing diversity data collected using a protocol designed for volunteers with results from a professional alternative", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ben G.", "lastName": "Holt" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rodolfo", "lastName": "Rioja-Nieto" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Aaron MacNeil" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jan", "lastName": "Lupton" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Carsten", "lastName": "Rahbek" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Pedro", "lastName": "Peres-Neto" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Methods in Ecology and Evolution", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "04/2013", "volume": "4", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "383-392", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Methods Ecol Evol", "DOI": "10.1111/2041-210X.12031", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/2041-210X.12031", "accessDate": "2021-10-22T13:38:30Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "2041210X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "DOI.org (Crossref)", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2021-10-22T13:38:30Z", "dateModified": "2021-10-22T13:38:30Z" } }, { "key": "DB2ARJ9A", "version": 53, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 508533, "name": "Biblio science participative", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/508533/items/DB2ARJ9A", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative/items/DB2ARJ9A", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1257245, "username": "Thomas_of_Mars", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/thomas_of_mars", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Pattengill-Semmens and Semmens", "parsedDate": "2003", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "DB2ARJ9A", "version": 53, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Conservation and management applications of the reef volunteer fish monitoring program", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christy V.", "lastName": "Pattengill-Semmens" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Brice X.", "lastName": "Semmens" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Environmental Monitoring and Assessment", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2003", "volume": "81", "issue": "1/3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "43-50", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1023/A:1021300302208", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://link.springer.com/10.1023/A:1021300302208", "accessDate": "2021-10-22T13:37:32Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "01676369", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "DOI.org (Crossref)", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2021-10-22T13:37:32Z", "dateModified": "2021-10-22T13:38:00Z" } }, { "key": "T2YRR7IY", "version": 51, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 508533, "name": "Biblio science participative", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/508533/items/T2YRR7IY", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative/items/T2YRR7IY", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1257245, "username": "Thomas_of_Mars", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/thomas_of_mars", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Venturelli et al.", "parsedDate": "2017", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "T2YRR7IY", "version": 51, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Angler apps as a source of recreational fisheries data: opportunities, challenges and proposed standards", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Paul A", "lastName": "Venturelli" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kieran", "lastName": "Hyder" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christian", "lastName": "Skov" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Fish and Fisheries", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "05/2017", "volume": "18", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "578-595", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1111/faf.12189", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/faf.12189", "accessDate": "2019-09-19T14:01:00Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "14672960", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Angler apps as a source of recreational fisheries data", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Crossref", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2019-09-19T14:01:00Z", "dateModified": "2019-09-19T14:01:00Z" } }, { "key": "TRZNG695", "version": 50, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 508533, "name": "Biblio science participative", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/508533/items/TRZNG695", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative/items/TRZNG695", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1257245, "username": "Thomas_of_Mars", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/thomas_of_mars", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Papenfuss et al.", "parsedDate": "2015-07-03", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "TRZNG695", "version": 50, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Smartphones Reveal Angler Behavior: A Case Study of a Popular Mobile Fishing Application in Alberta, Canada", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jason T.", "lastName": "Papenfuss" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nicholas", "lastName": "Phelps" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David", "lastName": "Fulton" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Paul A.", "lastName": "Venturelli" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Fisheries", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2015-07-03", "volume": "40", "issue": "7", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "318-327", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1080/03632415.2015.1049693", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://doi.wiley.com/10.1080/03632415.2015.1049693", "accessDate": "2019-09-19T13:15:46Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0363-2415, 1548-8446", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Smartphones Reveal Angler Behavior", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Crossref", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2019-09-19T13:15:46Z", "dateModified": "2019-09-19T13:15:46Z" } }, { "key": "P5R2ZEQ6", "version": 49, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 508533, "name": "Biblio science participative", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/508533/items/P5R2ZEQ6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative/items/P5R2ZEQ6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1257245, "username": "Thomas_of_Mars", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/thomas_of_mars", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Joly et al.", "parsedDate": "2018", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "P5R2ZEQ6", "version": 49, "itemType": "book", "title": "Multimedia Tools and Applications for Environmental & Biodiversity Informatics", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Alexis", "lastName": "Joly" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Stefanos", "lastName": "Vrochidis" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Kostas", "lastName": "Karatzas" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Ari", "lastName": "Karppinen" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Pierre", "lastName": "Bonnet" } ], "abstractNote": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2018", "publisher": "Springer International Publishing", "place": "Cham", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "", "ISBN": "978-3-319-76444-3 978-3-319-76445-0", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-76445-0", "accessDate": "2019-09-18T15:12:08Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Crossref", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-76445-0", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2019-09-18T15:12:08Z", "dateModified": "2019-09-18T15:12:08Z" } }, { "key": "7M7526Y8", "version": 48, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 508533, "name": "Biblio science participative", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/508533/items/7M7526Y8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative/items/7M7526Y8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1257245, "username": "Thomas_of_Mars", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/thomas_of_mars", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Goffredo et al.", "parsedDate": "2004-12", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "7M7526Y8", "version": 48, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Volunteers in marine conservation monitoring: a study of the distribution of seahorses carried out in collaboration with recreational scuba divers", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Goffredo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C.", "lastName": "Piccinetti" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "F.", "lastName": "Zaccanti" } ], "abstractNote": "Seaborses (Hippocampus) live in tropical and temperate waters. Habitat degradation and fishery overexploitation have led to drastic population declines on a global scale. Population monitoring is therefore essential to determine current status and manage conservation. In this first study in Italian waters on the geographic and ecological distribution of the two Mediterranean species, Hippocampus hippocampus and Hippocampus ramulosus, recreational scuba divers were recruited and trained to report sightings. A specially formulated questionnaire was produced and distributed to scuba diving school and centers. In the 3-year study, 2536 divers spent 6077 diving hours gathering data and completed 8827 questionnaires. Eight percent of the questionnaires showed seahorse sightings, for a total of 3061 sighted specimens, 68% of which referred to Hippocampus ramulosus. The two species had overlapping geographic distributions. Seahorse abundance varied, with the northern Adriatic Sea showing greatest abundance, followed by the central-southern Tyrrhenian Sea. Seaborses were rare in the Ligurian and northern Tyrrhenian seas. Preferred habitats were shallow areas with either sandy bottoms or Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile meadows. Seahorse distribution may be correlated with the degree of degradation of P oceanica meadows. Resource users (the divers) were willing to take part in biological monitoring and contributed in scientific terms by collecting considerable amounts of data over short time periods and in economic terms by decreasing costs. The greatest limitation with volunteers was the difficulty in obtaining a uniformly distributed sample across time and space. We conclude that recreational divers and other resource users can play an active part in monitoring the marine environment and that the Mediterranean Hippocampus Mission may be Used as a model for biodiversity monitoring.", "publicationTitle": "Conservation Biology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "DEC 2004", "volume": "18", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1492-1503", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00015.x", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0888-8892", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000225737300012", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2019-05-11T12:28:54Z", "dateModified": "2019-05-11T12:28:54Z" } }, { "key": "Z3JXF9GI", "version": 47, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 508533, "name": "Biblio science participative", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/508533/items/Z3JXF9GI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative/items/Z3JXF9GI", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1257245, "username": "Thomas_of_Mars", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/thomas_of_mars", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Goffredo et al.", "parsedDate": "2010-12", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "Z3JXF9GI", "version": 47, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Unite research with what citizens do for fun: \"recreational monitoring'' of marine biodiversity", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stefano", "lastName": "Goffredo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Francesco", "lastName": "Pensa" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Patrizia", "lastName": "Neri" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Antonio", "lastName": "Orlandi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Maria Scola", "lastName": "Gagliardi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Angela", "lastName": "Velardi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Corrado", "lastName": "Piccinetti" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Francesco", "lastName": "Zaccanti" } ], "abstractNote": "Institutes often lack funds and manpower to perform large-scale biodiversity monitoring. Citizens can be involved, contributing to the collection of data, thus decreasing costs. Underwater research requires specialist skills and SCUBA certification, and it can be difficult to involve volunteers. The aim of this study was to involve large numbers of recreational divers in marine biodiversity monitoring for increasing the environmental education of the public and collecting data on the status of marine biodiversity. Here we show that thousands of recreational divers can be enrolled in a short time. Using specially formulated questionnaires, nonspecialist volunteers reported the presence of 61 marine taxa encountered during recreational dives, performed as regular sport dives. Validation trials were carried out to assess the accuracy and consistency of volunteer-recorded data, and these were compared to reference data collected by an experienced researcher. In the majority of trials (76%) volunteers performed with an accuracy and consistency of 50-80%, comparable to the performance of conservation volunteer divers on precise transects in other projects. The recruitment of recreational divers involved the main diving and tour operators in Italy, a popular scientific magazine, and mass media. During the four-year study, 3825 divers completed 18 757 questionnaires, corresponding to 13 539 diving hours. The volunteer-sightings-based index showed that in the monitored area the biodiversity status did not change significantly within the project time scale, but there was a significant negative correlation with latitude, suggesting improved quality in the southernmost areas. This trend could be related to the presence of stressors in the northern areas and has been supported by investigations performed by the Italian Ministry of the Environment. The greatest limitation with using volunteers to collect data was the uneven spatial distribution of samples. The benefits were the considerable amounts of data collected over short time periods and at low costs. The successful development of citizen-based monitoring programs requires open-mindedness in the academic community; advantages of citizen involvement in research are not only adding large data sets to the ecological knowledge base but also aiding in the environmental education of the public.", "publicationTitle": "Ecological Applications", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "DEC 2010", "volume": "20", "issue": "8", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "2170-2187", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1890/09-1546.1", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1051-0761", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000284996600010", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "dc:replaces": "http://zotero.org/groups/508533/items/SU68JHPX" }, "dateAdded": "2016-04-06T08:47:14Z", "dateModified": "2019-05-11T12:21:12Z" } }, { "key": "QRT7PCGZ", "version": 43, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 508533, "name": "Biblio science participative", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/508533/items/QRT7PCGZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative/items/QRT7PCGZ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1257245, "username": "Thomas_of_Mars", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/thomas_of_mars", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Danielsen et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "QRT7PCGZ", "version": 43, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Linking Public Participation in Scientific Research to the Indicators and Needs of International Environmental Agreements", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Finn", "lastName": "Danielsen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Karin", "lastName": "Pirhofer-Walzl" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Teis P.", "lastName": "Adrian" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Daniel R.", "lastName": "Kapijimpanga" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Neil D.", "lastName": "Burgess" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Per M.", "lastName": "Jensen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rick", "lastName": "Bonney" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mikkel", "lastName": "Funder" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Arild", "lastName": "Landa" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nette", "lastName": "Levermann" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jesper", "lastName": "Madsen" } ], "abstractNote": "Different monitoring approaches collect data that can measure progress toward achieving global environmental indicators. These indicators can: (1) Audit management actions; (2) Inform policy choices; and (3) Raise awareness among the public and policy makers. We present a generic, empirically based, framework of different environmental monitoring approaches, ranging from scientist-driven to those undertaken by local people. This framework is used to assess monitoring possibilities for the Convention on Biological Diversity 2020 indicators, and those of 11 other international environmental agreements. Of the 186 indicators in these 12 environmental agreements, 69 (37%) require monitoring by professional scientists, whereas 117 (63%) can involve community members as citizen scientists. Promoting community-based and citizen science approaches could significantly enrich monitoring progress within global environmental conventions. It would also link environmental monitoring to awareness raising and enhanced decision-making at all levels of resource management.", "publicationTitle": "Conservation Letters", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "JAN 2014", "volume": "7", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "12-24", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1111/conl.12024", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1755-263X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000331174200003", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "dc:replaces": "http://zotero.org/groups/508533/items/4DC5FFFS" }, "dateAdded": "2019-05-11T11:44:51Z", "dateModified": "2019-05-11T12:17:39Z" } }, { "key": "GZ4MX8ER", "version": 43, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 508533, "name": "Biblio science participative", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/508533/items/GZ4MX8ER", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative/items/GZ4MX8ER", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1257245, "username": "Thomas_of_Mars", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/thomas_of_mars", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Cooper et al.", "parsedDate": "2007-12", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "GZ4MX8ER", "version": 43, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Citizen science as a tool for conservation in residential ecosystems", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Caren B.", "lastName": "Cooper" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Janis", "lastName": "Dickinson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tina", "lastName": "Phillips" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rick", "lastName": "Bonney" } ], "abstractNote": "Human activities, such as mining, forestry, and agriculture, strongly influence processes in natural systems. Because conservation has focused on managing and protecting wildlands, research has focused on understanding the indirect influence of these human activities on wildlands. Although a conservation focus on wildlands is critically important, the concept of residential area as an ecosystem is relatively new, and little is known about the potential of such areas to contribute to the conservation of biodiversity. As urban sprawl increases, it becomes urgent to construct a method to research and improve the impacts of management strategies for residential landscapes. If the cumulative activities of individual property owners could help conserve biodiversity, then residential matrix management could become a critical piece of the conservation puzzle. \"Citizen science\" is a method of integrating public outreach and scientific data collection locally, regionally, and across large geographic scales. By involving citizen participants directly in monitoring and active management of residential lands, citizen science can generate powerful matrix management efforts, defying the \"tyranny of small decisions\" and leading to positive, cumulative, and measurable impacts on biodiversity.", "publicationTitle": "Ecology and Society", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "DEC 2007", "volume": "12", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "11", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1708-3087", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000252310900037", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "dc:replaces": "http://zotero.org/groups/508533/items/C6IIMKSU" }, "dateAdded": "2019-05-11T11:44:51Z", "dateModified": "2019-05-11T12:17:38Z" } }, { "key": "6YCDER3G", "version": 43, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 508533, "name": "Biblio science participative", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/508533/items/6YCDER3G", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative/items/6YCDER3G", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1257245, "username": "Thomas_of_Mars", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/thomas_of_mars", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Brossard et al.", "parsedDate": "2005-07-15", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "6YCDER3G", "version": 43, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Scientific knowledge and attitude change: The impact of a citizen science project", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Brossard" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B.", "lastName": "Lewenstein" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.", "lastName": "Bonney" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper discusses the evaluation of an informal science education project, The Birdhouse Network (TBN) of the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology. The Elaboration Likelihood Model and the theory of Experiential Education were used as frameworks to analyse the impact of TBN on participants' attitudes toward science and the environment, on their knowledge of bird biology, and on their understanding of the scientific process. The project had an impact on participants' knowledge of bird biology. No statistically significant change in participants' attitudes toward science or the environment, or in participants' understanding of the scientific process, could be detected. The results suggest that projects must make explicit to participants the issues that they are experiencing. In addition, the results suggest that more sensitive measures need to be designed to assess attitude change among environmentally aware citizens.", "publicationTitle": "International Journal of Science Education", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "JUL 15 2005", "volume": "27", "issue": "9", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1099-1121", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1080/09500690500069483", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0950-0693", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000230130900005", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "dc:replaces": "http://zotero.org/groups/508533/items/X2ZDMZ7J" }, "dateAdded": "2019-05-11T11:44:51Z", "dateModified": "2019-05-11T12:17:37Z" } }, { "key": "IKA7ZUID", "version": 43, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 508533, "name": "Biblio science participative", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/508533/items/IKA7ZUID", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative/items/IKA7ZUID", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1257245, "username": "Thomas_of_Mars", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/thomas_of_mars", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Cooper et al.", "parsedDate": "2008-12", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "IKA7ZUID", "version": 43, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Science Explicitly for Nonscientists", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Caren B.", "lastName": "Cooper" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Janis L.", "lastName": "Dickinson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tina", "lastName": "Phillips" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rick", "lastName": "Bonney" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Ecology and Society", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "DEC 2008", "volume": "13", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "r1", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1708-3087", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000262291600058", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "dc:replaces": "http://zotero.org/groups/508533/items/79HJACBH" }, "dateAdded": "2019-05-11T11:44:51Z", "dateModified": "2019-05-11T12:17:37Z" } }, { "key": "3SFUVTAA", "version": 43, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 508533, "name": "Biblio science participative", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/508533/items/3SFUVTAA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative/items/3SFUVTAA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1257245, "username": "Thomas_of_Mars", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/thomas_of_mars", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bonney et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-03-28", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "3SFUVTAA", "version": 43, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Next Steps for Citizen Science", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rick", "lastName": "Bonney" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jennifer L.", "lastName": "Shirk" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tina B.", "lastName": "Phillips" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Andrea", "lastName": "Wiggins" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Heidi L.", "lastName": "Ballard" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Abraham J.", "lastName": "Miller-Rushing" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Julia K.", "lastName": "Parrish" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Science", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "MAR 28 2014", "volume": "343", "issue": "6178", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1436-1437", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1126/science.1251554", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0036-8075", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000333471000020", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "dc:replaces": "http://zotero.org/groups/508533/items/BT97HE52" }, "dateAdded": "2019-05-11T11:44:51Z", "dateModified": "2019-05-11T12:17:36Z" } }, { "key": "4PVWMCPG", "version": 43, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 508533, "name": "Biblio science participative", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/508533/items/4PVWMCPG", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative/items/4PVWMCPG", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1257245, "username": "Thomas_of_Mars", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/thomas_of_mars", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bonney et al.", "parsedDate": "2016-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "4PVWMCPG", "version": 43, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Can citizen science enhance public understanding of science?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rick", "lastName": "Bonney" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tina B.", "lastName": "Phillips" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Heidi L.", "lastName": "Ballard" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jody W.", "lastName": "Enck" } ], "abstractNote": "Over the past 20 years, thousands of citizen science projects engaging millions of participants in collecting and/or processing data have sprung up around the world. Here we review documented outcomes from four categories of citizen science projects which are defined by the nature of the activities in which their participants engage - Data Collection, Data Processing, Curriculum-based, and Community Science. We find strong evidence that scientific outcomes of citizen science are well documented, particularly for Data Collection and Data Processing projects. We find limited but growing evidence that citizen science projects achieve participant gains in knowledge about science knowledge and process, increase public awareness of the diversity of scientific research, and provide deeper meaning to participants' hobbies. We also find some evidence that citizen science can contribute positively to social well-being by influencing the questions that are being addressed and by giving people a voice in local environmental decision making. While not all citizen science projects are intended to achieve a greater degree of public understanding of science, social change, or improved science -society relationships, those projects that do require effort and resources in four main categories: (1) project design, (2) outcomes measurement, (3) engagement of new audiences, and (4) new directions for research.", "publicationTitle": "Public Understanding of Science", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "JAN 2016", "volume": "25", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "2-16", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1177/0963662515607406", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0963-6625", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000366854800001", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "dc:replaces": "http://zotero.org/groups/508533/items/L3P3MLGX" }, "dateAdded": "2019-05-11T11:44:51Z", "dateModified": "2019-05-11T12:17:35Z" } }, { "key": "6M9EXPYH", "version": 43, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 508533, "name": "Biblio science participative", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/508533/items/6M9EXPYH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative/items/6M9EXPYH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1257245, "username": "Thomas_of_Mars", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/thomas_of_mars", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bonney et al.", "parsedDate": "2009-12", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "6M9EXPYH", "version": 43, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Citizen Science: A Developing Tool for Expanding Science Knowledge and Scientific Literacy", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rick", "lastName": "Bonney" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Caren B.", "lastName": "Cooper" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Janis", "lastName": "Dickinson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Steve", "lastName": "Kelling" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tina", "lastName": "Phillips" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kenneth V.", "lastName": "Rosenberg" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jennifer", "lastName": "Shirk" } ], "abstractNote": "Citizen science enlists the public in collecting large quantities of data across an array of habitats and locations over long spans of time. Citizen science projects have been remarkably successful in advancing scientific knowledge, and contributions from citizen scientists now provide a vast quantity of data about species occurrence and distribution around the world. Most citizen science projects also strive to help participants learn about the organisms they are observing and to experience the process by which scientific investigations are conducted. Developing and implementing public data-collection projects that yield both scientific and educational outcomes requires significant effort. This article describes the model for building and operating citizen science projects that has evolved at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology over the past two decades. We hope that our model will inform the fields of biodiversity monitoring, biological research, and science education while providing a window into the culture of citizen science.", "publicationTitle": "Bioscience", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "DEC 2009", "volume": "59", "issue": "11", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "977-984", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1525/bio.2009.59.11.9", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0006-3568", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000272544700009", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "dc:replaces": "http://zotero.org/groups/508533/items/UNCRJ6QB" }, "dateAdded": "2019-05-11T11:44:51Z", "dateModified": "2019-05-11T12:17:34Z" } }, { "key": "IJWQ63AF", "version": 43, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 508533, "name": "Biblio science participative", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/508533/items/IJWQ63AF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative/items/IJWQ63AF", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1257245, "username": "Thomas_of_Mars", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/thomas_of_mars", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "McKinley et al.", "parsedDate": "2017-04", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "IJWQ63AF", "version": 43, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Citizen science can improve conservation science, natural resource management, and environmental protection", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Duncan C.", "lastName": "McKinley" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Abe J.", "lastName": "Miller-Rushing" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Heidi L.", "lastName": "Ballard" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rick", "lastName": "Bonney" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Hutch", "lastName": "Brown" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Susan C.", "lastName": "Cook-Patton" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Daniel M.", "lastName": "Evans" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rebecca A.", "lastName": "French" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Julia K.", "lastName": "Parrish" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tina B.", "lastName": "Phillips" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sean F.", "lastName": "Ryan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lea A.", "lastName": "Shanley" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jennifer L.", "lastName": "Shirk" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kristine F.", "lastName": "Stepenuck" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jake F.", "lastName": "Weltzin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Andrea", "lastName": "Wiggins" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Owen D.", "lastName": "Boyle" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Russell D.", "lastName": "Briggs" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stuart F.", "lastName": "Chapin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David A.", "lastName": "Hewitt" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Peter W.", "lastName": "Preuss" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael A.", "lastName": "Soukup" } ], "abstractNote": "Citizen science has advanced science for hundreds of years, contributed to many peer-reviewed articles, and informed land management decisions and policies across the United States. Over the last 10 years, citizen science has grown immensely in the United States and many other countries. Here, we show how citizen science is a powerful tool for tackling many of the challenges faced in the field of conservation biology. We describe the two interwoven paths by which citizen science can improve conservation efforts, natural resource management, and environmental protection. The first path includes building scientific knowledge, while the other path involves informing policy and encouraging public action. We explore how citizen science is currently used and describe the investments needed to create a citizen science program. We find that: 1. Citizen science already contributes substantially to many domains of science, including conservation, natural resource, and environmental science. Citizen science informs natural resource management, environmental protection, and policymaking and fosters public input and engagement 2. Many types of projects can benefit from citizen science, but one must be careful to match the needs for science and public involvement with the right type of citizen science project and the right method of public participation. 3. Citizen science is a rigorous process of scientific discovery, indistinguishable from conventional science apart from the participation of volunteers. When properly designed, carried out, and evaluated, citizen science can provide sound science, efficiently generate high-quality data, and help solve problems. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd.", "publicationTitle": "Biological Conservation", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "APR 2017", "volume": "208", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "15-28", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.biocon.2016.05.015", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0006-3207", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000399859000003", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "dc:replaces": "http://zotero.org/groups/508533/items/FVG2ZCNC" }, "dateAdded": "2019-05-11T11:44:51Z", "dateModified": "2019-05-11T12:17:32Z" } }, { "key": "FGSV4D6L", "version": 43, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 508533, "name": "Biblio science participative", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/508533/items/FGSV4D6L", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative/items/FGSV4D6L", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1257245, "username": "Thomas_of_Mars", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/thomas_of_mars", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kelling et al.", "parsedDate": "2019-03", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "FGSV4D6L", "version": 43, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Using Semistructured Surveys to Improve Citizen Science Data for Monitoring Biodiversity", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Steve", "lastName": "Kelling" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alison", "lastName": "Johnston" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Aletta", "lastName": "Bonn" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Daniel", "lastName": "Fink" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Viviana", "lastName": "Ruiz-Gutierrez" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rick", "lastName": "Bonney" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Miguel", "lastName": "Fernandez" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Wesley M.", "lastName": "Hochachka" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Romain", "lastName": "Julliard" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Roland", "lastName": "Kraemer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert", "lastName": "Guralnick" } ], "abstractNote": "Biodiversity is being lost at an unprecedented rate, and monitoring is crucial for understanding the causal drivers and assessing solutions. Most biodiversity monitoring data are collected by volunteers through citizen science projects, and often crucial information is lacking to account for the inevitable biases that observers introduce during data collection. We contend that citizen science projects intended to support biodiversity monitoring must gather information about the observation process as well as species occurrence. We illustrate this using eBird, a global citizen science project that collects information on bird occurrences as well as vital contextual information on the observation process while maintaining broad participation. Our fundamental argument is that regardless of what species are being monitored, when citizen science projects collect a small set of basic information about how participants make their observations, the scientific value of the data collected will be dramatically improved.", "publicationTitle": "Bioscience", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "MAR 2019", "volume": "69", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "170-179", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1093/biosci/biz010", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0006-3568", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000462615500005", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "dc:replaces": "http://zotero.org/groups/508533/items/G7IKSMDZ" }, "dateAdded": "2019-05-11T11:44:51Z", "dateModified": "2019-05-11T12:17:31Z" } }, { "key": "2CVG28IA", "version": 43, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 508533, "name": "Biblio science participative", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/508533/items/2CVG28IA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative/items/2CVG28IA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1257245, "username": "Thomas_of_Mars", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/thomas_of_mars", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Dickinson et al.", "parsedDate": "2012-08", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "2CVG28IA", "version": 43, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The current state of citizen science as a tool for ecological research and public engagement", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Janis L.", "lastName": "Dickinson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jennifer", "lastName": "Shirk" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David", "lastName": "Bonter" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rick", "lastName": "Bonney" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rhiannon L.", "lastName": "Crain" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jason", "lastName": "Martin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tina", "lastName": "Phillips" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Karen", "lastName": "Purcell" } ], "abstractNote": "Approaches to citizen science - an indispensable means of combining ecological research with environmental education and natural history observation - range from community-based monitoring to the use of the internet to \"crowd-source\" various scientific tasks, from data collection to discovery. With new tools and mechanisms for engaging learners, citizen science pushes the envelope of what ecologists can achieve, both in expanding the potential for spatial ecology research and in supplementing existing, but localized, research programs. The primary impacts of citizen science are seen in biological studies of global climate change, including analyses of phenology, landscape ecology, and macro-ecology, as well as in subdisciplines focused on species (rare and invasive), disease, populations, communities, and ecosystems. Citizen science and the resulting ecological data can be viewed as a public good that is generated through increasingly collaborative tools and resources, while supporting public participation in science and Earth stewardship.", "publicationTitle": "Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "AUG 2012", "volume": "10", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "291-297", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1890/110236", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1540-9295", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000307146600005", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "dc:replaces": [ "http://zotero.org/groups/508533/items/CIQACEHX", "http://zotero.org/groups/508533/items/NNGMXM5L" ] }, "dateAdded": "2016-04-06T13:20:09Z", "dateModified": "2019-05-11T12:17:30Z" } }, { "key": "BFENMU9N", "version": 43, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 508533, "name": "Biblio science participative", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/508533/items/BFENMU9N", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative/items/BFENMU9N", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1257245, "username": "Thomas_of_Mars", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/thomas_of_mars", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Shirk et al.", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BFENMU9N", "version": 43, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Public Participation in Scientific Research: a Framework for Deliberate Design", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jennifer L.", "lastName": "Shirk" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Heidi L.", "lastName": "Ballard" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Candie C.", "lastName": "Wilderman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tina", "lastName": "Phillips" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Andrea", "lastName": "Wiggins" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rebecca", "lastName": "Jordan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ellen", "lastName": "McCallie" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Matthew", "lastName": "Minarchek" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bruce V.", "lastName": "Lewenstein" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marianne E.", "lastName": "Krasny" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rick", "lastName": "Bonney" } ], "abstractNote": "Members of the public participate in scientific research in many different contexts, stemming from traditions as varied as participatory action research and citizen science. Particularly in conservation and natural resource management contexts, where research often addresses complex social-ecological questions, the emphasis on and nature of this participation can significantly affect both the way that projects are designed and the outcomes that projects achieve. We review and integrate recent work in these and other fields, which has converged such that we propose the term public participation in scientific research (PPSR) to discuss initiatives from diverse fields and traditions. We describe three predominant models of PPSR and call upon case studies suggesting that-regardless of the research context-project outcomes are influenced by (1) the degree of public participation in the research process and (2) the quality of public participation as negotiated during project design. To illustrate relationships between the quality of participation and outcomes, we offer a framework that considers how scientific and public interests are negotiated for project design toward multiple, integrated goals. We suggest that this framework and models, used in tandem, can support deliberate design of PPSR efforts that will enhance their outcomes for scientific research, individual participants, and social-ecological systems.", "publicationTitle": "Ecology and Society", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012", "volume": "17", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "29", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.5751/ES-04705-170229", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1708-3087", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000306067400013", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "dc:replaces": "http://zotero.org/groups/508533/items/RLK73JNW" }, "dateAdded": "2019-05-11T11:44:51Z", "dateModified": "2019-05-11T12:17:28Z" } }, { "key": "BFR99QQV", "version": 43, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 508533, "name": "Biblio science participative", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/508533/items/BFR99QQV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative/items/BFR99QQV", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1257245, "username": "Thomas_of_Mars", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/thomas_of_mars", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Pocock et al.", "parsedDate": "2018", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BFR99QQV", "version": 43, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "A Vision for Global Biodiversity Monitoring With Citizen Science", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael J. O.", "lastName": "Pocock" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mark", "lastName": "Chandler" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rick", "lastName": "Bonney" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ian", "lastName": "Thornhill" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Anna", "lastName": "Albin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tom", "lastName": "August" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Steven", "lastName": "Bachman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Peter M. J.", "lastName": "Brown" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Davi Gasparini", "lastName": "Fernandes Cunha" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Audrey", "lastName": "Grez" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Colin", "lastName": "Jackson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Monica", "lastName": "Peters" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Narindra Romer", "lastName": "Rabarijaon" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Helen E.", "lastName": "Roy" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tania", "lastName": "Zaviezo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Finn", "lastName": "Danielsen" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "D. A.", "lastName": "Bohan" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "A. J.", "lastName": "Dumbrell" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "G.", "lastName": "Woodward" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Jackson" } ], "abstractNote": "Global biodiversity monitoring is urgently needed across the world to assess the impacts of environmental change on biodiversity. One way to increase monitoring is through citizen science. 'Citizen science' is a term that we use in this chapter to describe the diverse approaches that involve people in monitoring in a voluntary capacity, thus including participatory monitoring in which people work collaboratively with scientists in developing monitoring. There is great unrealised potential for citizen science, especially in Asia and Africa. However, to fulfil this potential citizen science will need to meet local needs (for participants, communities and decision makers, including people's own use of the data and their motivations to participate) and support global needs for biodiversity monitoring (including the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals and the Aichi Biodiversity Targets). Activities should be feasible (for participants to provide scientifically rigorous data) and useful (for data users, from local to global scales). We use examples from across the world to demonstrate how monitoring can engage different types of participants, through different technologies, to record different variables according to different sampling approaches. Overall, these examples show how citizen science has the potential to provide a step change in our ability to monitor biodiversity- and hence respond to threats at all scales from local to global.", "bookTitle": "Next Generation Biomonitoring, Pt 2", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "59", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2018", "publisher": "", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "169-223", "ISBN": "978-0-12-814317-9", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000453685300007", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "dc:replaces": "http://zotero.org/groups/508533/items/FYENKP73" }, "dateAdded": "2019-05-11T11:44:51Z", "dateModified": "2019-05-11T12:17:26Z" } }, { "key": "AEW2ERWQ", "version": 43, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 508533, "name": "Biblio science participative", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/508533/items/AEW2ERWQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative/items/AEW2ERWQ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1257245, "username": "Thomas_of_Mars", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/thomas_of_mars", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Miller-Rushing et al.", "parsedDate": "2012-08", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "AEW2ERWQ", "version": 43, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The history of public participation in ecological research", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Abraham", "lastName": "Miller-Rushing" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Richard", "lastName": "Primack" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rick", "lastName": "Bonney" } ], "abstractNote": "Members of the public have for centuries recorded their observations of the natural world, including plant and animal distribution and phenology, water quality, weather data, and astronomical phenomena. Given the relatively recent growth of ecological research as a professional field of study, the historical contributions of amateurs to ecology can be easily overlooked. To better understand long-term changes in ecosystems, researchers are now revisiting many of these historical datasets collected by non-professionals. Over the past 100 years, scientific organizations have increasingly included volunteers in large-scale monitoring projects to broaden the geographical extent and sample size of observations. We believe that a renewed interest in citizen science, enriched with the perspective and data provided by the long tradition of public participation in science, will broaden the engagement of the public in ecological research and lead to new scientific insights.", "publicationTitle": "Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "AUG 2012", "volume": "10", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "285-290", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1890/110278", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1540-9295", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000307146600004", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "dc:replaces": [ "http://zotero.org/groups/508533/items/AMLGBG3T", "http://zotero.org/groups/508533/items/V9PJKWAN" ] }, "dateAdded": "2016-04-06T13:20:08Z", "dateModified": "2019-05-11T12:17:24Z" } }, { "key": "2M4RL686", "version": 43, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 508533, "name": "Biblio science participative", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/508533/items/2M4RL686", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative/items/2M4RL686", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1257245, "username": "Thomas_of_Mars", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/thomas_of_mars", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Wiggins et al.", "parsedDate": "2018-06", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "2M4RL686", "version": 43, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A Science Products Inventory for Citizen-Science Planning and Evaluation", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Andrea", "lastName": "Wiggins" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rick", "lastName": "Bonney" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gretchen", "lastName": "Lebuhn" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Julia K.", "lastName": "Parrish" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jake F.", "lastName": "Weltzin" } ], "abstractNote": "Citizen science involves a range of practices involving public participation in scientific knowledge production, but outcomes evaluation is complicated by the diversity of the goals and forms of citizen science. Publications and citations are not adequate metrics to describe citizen-science productivity. We address this gap by contributing a science products inventory (SPI) tool, iteratively developed through an expert panel and case studies, intended to support general-purpose planning and evaluation of citizen-science projects with respect to science productivity. The SPI includes a collection of items for tracking the production of science outputs and data practices, which are described and illustrated with examples. Several opportunities for further development of the initial inventory are highlighted, as well as potential for using the inventory as a tool to guide project management, funding, and research on citizen science.", "publicationTitle": "Bioscience", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "JUN 2018", "volume": "68", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "436-444", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1093/biosci/biy028", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0006-3568", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000434112200006", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "dc:replaces": "http://zotero.org/groups/508533/items/Q9SLKB33" }, "dateAdded": "2019-05-11T11:44:51Z", "dateModified": "2019-05-11T12:17:12Z" } }, { "key": "JDQXD3Y5", "version": 43, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 508533, "name": "Biblio science participative", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/508533/items/JDQXD3Y5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/biblio_science_participative/items/JDQXD3Y5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1257245, "username": "Thomas_of_Mars", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/thomas_of_mars", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Trumbull et al.", "parsedDate": "2000-03", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "JDQXD3Y5", "version": 43, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Thinking scientifically during participation in a citizen-science project", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D. J.", "lastName": "Trumbull" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.", "lastName": "Bonney" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Bascom" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Cabral" } ], "abstractNote": "A movement has begun recently to involve nonscientists in scientific investigations through projects in which a range of individuals gather data for use by scientists to investigate questions of research importance. These projects are frequently referred to as citizen-science projects, and the benefits are assumed to extend beyond the production of important large databases. Those who argue in support of citizen-science projects assume that participants will increase their understanding about the process of science through this engagement in authentic science, in contrast to traditional, rightly scripted school laboratory investigations. However, very little research on the impact of participating in such projects has been carried our. This article examines the letters written by more than 700 participants in a citizen-science project conducted by the Cornell Laboratory of Omithology. Of these letters, which were unsolicited and not connected with a formal evaluation, nearly 80% revealed that participants had engaged in thinking processes similar to those that are part of science investigations. We cannot state that participation in a citizen-science project caused this thinking, but we can say that participation provided a forum in which participants engaged in these habits of thought, The letters also raise some issues about some misunderstandings of science that citizen-science projects should strive to address. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.", "publicationTitle": "Science Education", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "MAR 2000", "volume": "84", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "265-275", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1002/(SICI)1098-237X(200003)84:2<265::AID-SCE7>3.3.CO;2-X", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0036-8326", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000085431400007", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "dc:replaces": "http://zotero.org/groups/508533/items/I92ZBIUX" }, "dateAdded": "2019-05-11T11:44:51Z", "dateModified": "2019-05-11T12:17:12Z" } } ]