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The results showed that the fractional load met directly by a PV system depends on matching between PV supply and building load profile, sizing ratio and PV inclination. The profitability of a grid-connected PV system increases if the PV system is sized to reduce excess PV electrical energy fed to the grid when the feed-in tariff is lower than electricity buying price. The effect of feed-in tariffs on PV saving for selected European countries has been shown. The cost of the PV electricity depends on sizing ratio, PV and inverter lifetimes, cost ratio, PV inclination and financial parameters. The effect of cost ratio on the optimum PV/inverter sizing ratio is less significant when the cost ratio lies within 7–11. The minimum PV electricity cost at low and high insolation conditions were obtained for sizing ratios of 1.6 and 1.2, respectively. The lowest PV electricity cost was found for surface slopes within 30–40° for the selected European locations. The PV electricity cost for cost ratio of 5 and 13 varied from 0.44–0.85 â‚¬kWh−1 to 0.38–0.76 â‚¬kWh−1, respectively within high to low insolation conditions when the PV module unit cost, market discount rate, PV size, PV lifetime and inverter lifetime were assumed to be 6.5 â‚¬Wp−1, 3%, 13 kWp, 20 years and 10 years, respectively.", "publicationTitle": "Applied Energy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "July", "volume": "86", "issue": "7-8", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "985-999", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.apenergy.2008.10.001", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261908002493", "accessDate": "2011-09-21T12:02:06Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0306-2619", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Grid-connected photovoltaics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "PV electricity cost", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "PV saving", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sizing ratio", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "TRNSYS", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "997EQMUE" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-09-21T12:02:06Z", "dateModified": "2011-09-21T12:02:06Z" } }, { "key": "53S2X5M5", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50468, "name": "Peak Electrical Load and building energy 1", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/peak_electrical_load_and_building_energy_1", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50468/items/53S2X5M5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/peak_electrical_load_and_building_energy_1/items/53S2X5M5", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50468/items/AGDVZ83A", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 300433, "username": "m.srikanth", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/m.srikanth", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "53S2X5M5", "version": 1, "parentItem": "AGDVZ83A", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "ScienceDirect Snapshot", "accessDate": "2011-09-05T00:42:35Z", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544209005477", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-09-05T00:42:35Z", "dateModified": "2011-09-05T00:42:35Z" } }, { "key": "AGDVZ83A", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50468, "name": "Peak Electrical Load and building energy 1", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/peak_electrical_load_and_building_energy_1", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50468/items/AGDVZ83A", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/peak_electrical_load_and_building_energy_1/items/AGDVZ83A", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 300433, "username": "m.srikanth", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/m.srikanth", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Chirarattananon et al.", "parsedDate": "2010-04", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "AGDVZ83A", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Assessment of energy savings from the revised building energy code of Thailand", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Chirarattananon" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P.", "lastName": "Chaiwiwatworakul" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "V.D.", "lastName": "Hien" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P.", "lastName": "Rakkwamsuk" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K.", "lastName": "Kubaha" } ], "abstractNote": "The government of Thailand legislated an Energy Conservation Promotion Act (ECP Act) in 1992 and set bye-laws that identify designated buildings (DBs) and detail mandatory requirements for energy conservation for DBs in 1995. An Energy Conservation Promotion Fund (ENCON Fund) was also created to fund energy audits on 1900 DBs. Recently the requirements and procedures for energy conservation in buildings have been revised where system performance requirements for building envelope, lighting, air-conditioning, and hot water generation are adopted. Moreover, the new building energy code (BEC) distinguishes different categories of DBs, provides credit for use of solar energy, and introduces a new option of whole building energy compliance. The authors develop building models from data obtained from energy audit reports and use them to estimate savings on energy and peak demand from future new buildings using forecasted energy and peak demand data from the Load Forecast Subcommittee, a panel tasked to forecast future electric load of Thailand. From a modest level of energy saving in the first year that the code is expected to be enforced, the level of saving rise to over 10% and 20% annually of requirement of target buildings in 6 and 12 years respectively.", "publicationTitle": "Energy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "April 2010", "volume": "35", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1741-1753", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "16/j.energy.2009.12.027", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544209005477", "accessDate": "2011-09-05T00:42:35Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0360-5442", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Building energy code", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Building energy model", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Energy demand", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Energy saving", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "energy efficiency", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "997EQMUE" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-09-05T00:42:35Z", "dateModified": "2011-09-05T00:42:35Z" } }, { "key": "FM8VUCA3", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50468, "name": "Peak Electrical Load and building energy 1", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/peak_electrical_load_and_building_energy_1", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50468/items/FM8VUCA3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/peak_electrical_load_and_building_energy_1/items/FM8VUCA3", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50468/items/AGDVZ83A", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 300433, "username": "m.srikanth", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/m.srikanth", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "FM8VUCA3", "version": 1, "parentItem": "AGDVZ83A", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "ScienceDirect Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2011-09-05T00:42:35Z", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6V2S-4Y5GVDJ-2-7&_cdi=5710&_user=516213&_pii=S0360544209005477&_origin=&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2010&_sk=999649995&view=c&wchp=dGLbVzW-zSkWA&md5=f8b8936af9f97152f9829d9ad18fd2a8&ie=/sdarticle.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-09-05T00:42:35Z", "dateModified": "2011-09-05T00:42:35Z" } }, { "key": "9ZCVCMU2", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50468, "name": "Peak Electrical Load and building energy 1", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/peak_electrical_load_and_building_energy_1", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50468/items/9ZCVCMU2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/peak_electrical_load_and_building_energy_1/items/9ZCVCMU2", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 300433, "username": "m.srikanth", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/m.srikanth", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "John et al.", "parsedDate": "2005-03", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "9ZCVCMU2", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Sustainable building solutions: a review of lessons from the natural world", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Godfaurd", "lastName": "John" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Derek", "lastName": "Clements-Croome" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "George", "lastName": "Jeronimidis" } ], "abstractNote": "The realisation that much of conventional, modern architecture is not sustainable over the long term is not new. Typical approaches are aimed at using energy and materials more efficiently. However, by clearly understanding the natural processes and their interactions with human needs in view, designers can create buildings that are delightful, functional productive and regenerative by design. The paper aims to review the biomimetics literature that is relevant to building materials and design. Biomimetics is the abstraction of good design from Nature, an enabling interdisciplinary science, particularly interested in emerging properties of materials and structures as a result of their hierarchical organisation. Biomimetics provides ideas relevant to: graded functionality of materials (nano-scale), adaptive response (nano-, micro-, and macro-scales), integrated intelligence (sensing and actuation at all scales), architecture and additional functionality. There are many examples in biology where emergent response of plants and animals to temperature, humidity and other changes in their physical environments is based on relatively simple physical principles. However, the implementation of design solutions which exploit these principles is where inspiration for man-made structures should be. We analyse specific examples of sustainability from Nature and the benefits or value that these solutions have brought to different creatures. 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"https://api.zotero.org/groups/50468/items/3FXMHE2Z", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/peak_electrical_load_and_building_energy_1/items/3FXMHE2Z", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 300433, "username": "m.srikanth", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/m.srikanth", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Marszal and Heiselberg", "parsedDate": "2011-09", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "3FXMHE2Z", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Life cycle cost analysis of a multi-storey residential Net Zero Energy Building in Denmark", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Anna Joanna", "lastName": "Marszal" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Per", "lastName": "Heiselberg" } ], "abstractNote": "It is well recognized that in the long run, the implementation of energy efficiency measures is a more cost-optimal solution in contrast to taking no action. However, the Net ZEB concept raises a new issue: how far should we go with energy efficiency measures and when should we start to apply renewable energy technologies? This analysis adopts the LCC methodology and uses a multi-family Net ZEB to find the answer to this question. Moreover, it looks at the issue from the building owner's perspective, hence it should be seen as a private economy analysis. The study includes three levels of energy demand and three alternatives of energy supply systems: (1) photovoltaic installation with photovoltaic/solar thermal collectors and an ambient air/solar source heat pump; (2) photovoltaic installation with a ground-source heat pump; (3) photovoltaic installation with district heating grid. The results indicate that in order to build a cost-effective Net ZEB, the energy use should be reduced to a minimum leaving just a small amount of left energy use to be covered by renewable energy generation. Moreover, from the user perspective in the Danish context, the district heating grid is a more expensive source of heat than a heat pump for the Net ZEB.", "publicationTitle": "Energy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "September 2011", "volume": "36", "issue": "9", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "5600-5609", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "16/j.energy.2011.07.010", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544211004580", "accessDate": "2011-09-05T00:39:54Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0360-5442", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "District heating", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Life cycle cost (LCC) analysis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Net zero energy buildings", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Private economy analysis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Residential buildings", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Zero energy buildings", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "997EQMUE" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-09-05T00:39:54Z", "dateModified": "2011-09-05T00:39:54Z" } }, { "key": "TTPITRUZ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50468, "name": "Peak Electrical Load and building energy 1", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/peak_electrical_load_and_building_energy_1", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50468/items/TTPITRUZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/peak_electrical_load_and_building_energy_1/items/TTPITRUZ", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50468/items/EREAHM3Q", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 300433, "username": "m.srikanth", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/m.srikanth", 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"group", "id": 50468, "name": "Peak Electrical Load and building energy 1", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/peak_electrical_load_and_building_energy_1", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50468/items/EREAHM3Q", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/peak_electrical_load_and_building_energy_1/items/EREAHM3Q", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 300433, "username": "m.srikanth", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/m.srikanth", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Sadineni et al.", "parsedDate": "2011-10", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "EREAHM3Q", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Passive building energy savings: A review of building envelope components", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Suresh B.", "lastName": "Sadineni" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Srikanth", "lastName": "Madala" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert F.", "lastName": "Boehm" } ], "abstractNote": "A significant portion of the total primary energy is consumed by today's buildings in developed countries. In many of these buildings, the energy consumption can be significantly reduced by adopting energy efficiency strategies. Due to environmental concerns and the high cost of energy in recent years there has been a renewed interest in building energy efficiency. This article strives to make an exhaustive technical review of the building envelope components and respective improvements from an energy efficiency perspective. Different types of energy efficient walls such as Trombe walls, ventilated walls, and glazed walls are discussed. Performance of different fenestration technologies including aerogel, vacuum glazing and frames are presented. Advances in energy efficient roofs including the contemporary green roofs, photovoltaic roofs, radiant-transmittive barrier and evaporative roof cooling systems are discussed. Various types of thermal insulation materials are enumerated along with selection criteria of these materials. The effects of thermal mass and phase change material on building cooling/heating loads and peak loads are discussed. Application of thermal mass as an energy saving method is more effective in places where the outside ambient air temperature differences between the days and nights are high. Air tightness and infiltration of building envelopes are discussed as they play a crucial role in the energy consumption of a building. Energy efficiency approaches sometimes might not require additional capital investment. For example, a holistic energy efficient building design approach can reduce the size of mechanical systems compensating the additional cost of energy efficiency features.", "publicationTitle": "Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "October 2011", "volume": "15", "issue": "8", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "3617-3631", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "16/j.rser.2011.07.014", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032111002504", "accessDate": "2011-09-05T00:34:10Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1364-0321", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Passive building energy savings", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Building energy savings", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Building envelope", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Doors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fenestration", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Glazing", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Green roofs", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Infiltration", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Passive techniques", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Roofs", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Thermal insulation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Thermal mass", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Walls", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Windows", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "997EQMUE" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-09-05T00:34:10Z", "dateModified": "2011-09-05T00:34:10Z" } }, { "key": "R5CNVXDT", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50468, "name": "Peak Electrical Load and building energy 1", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/peak_electrical_load_and_building_energy_1", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50468/items/R5CNVXDT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/peak_electrical_load_and_building_energy_1/items/R5CNVXDT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 300433, "username": "m.srikanth", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/m.srikanth", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ashok and Banerjee", "parsedDate": "2003-02", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "R5CNVXDT", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Optimal cool storage capacity for load management", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Ashok" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.", "lastName": "Banerjee" } ], "abstractNote": "Cool storage is a load management strategy for air conditioning loads, which shifts peak load by storing cooling capacity during off peak period. It allows the customer's electricity use for cooling to be shifted to off peak period, benefiting both the consumer and the utility. Reduction in peak demand and electricity cost depend on electricity tariff rates, operating strategy, cool storage capacity and climatic conditions. In this paper, a methodology is presented to determine the optimal chilled water storage (CWS) capacity and corresponding operating strategy for the air conditioning loads for different electricity tariffs. This model minimizes the total operating cost of the air conditioning plant by a trade-off between the cost involved for providing the storage and accessories and savings achieved under the specified electricity tariff. A case study for a typical office complex shows that a reduction of 38% in peak demand is possible by adopting the optimal CWS strategy under time of use (TOU) tariff. The corresponding saving in the operating cost for the consumer is 5.9%. The results show that under flat tariffs, the prevalent high consumer discount rates make cool storage unviable. This provides justification for utility intervention in cool storage demand side management (DSM) programs.", "publicationTitle": "Energy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "February 2003", "volume": "28", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "115-126", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "16/S0360-5442(02)00109-3", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544202001093", "accessDate": "2011-09-05T00:32:50Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0360-5442", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "997EQMUE" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-09-05T00:32:50Z", "dateModified": "2011-09-05T00:32:50Z" } }, { "key": "FI8SPX96", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50468, "name": "Peak Electrical Load and 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"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6V2S-4WDFC78-1-1&_cdi=5710&_user=516213&_pii=S0360544209000619&_origin=&_coverDate=09%2F30%2F2009&_sk=999659990&view=c&wchp=dGLzVzb-zSkWA&md5=e801ebd25849fd394397e3cbad2c5224&ie=/sdarticle.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-09-05T00:30:05Z", "dateModified": "2011-09-05T00:30:05Z" } }, { "key": "TUTK4QFS", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50468, "name": "Peak Electrical Load and building energy 1", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/peak_electrical_load_and_building_energy_1", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50468/items/TUTK4QFS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/peak_electrical_load_and_building_energy_1/items/TUTK4QFS", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 300433, "username": "m.srikanth", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/m.srikanth", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Huang et al.", "parsedDate": "2009-09", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "TUTK4QFS", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Evaluation of paraffin/water emulsion as a phase change slurry for cooling applications", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Li", "lastName": "Huang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marcus", "lastName": "Petermann" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christian", "lastName": "Doetsch" } ], "abstractNote": "A Phase Change Slurry (PCS) is a latent heat storage and transfer medium consisting of a Phase Change Material (PCM) as a dispersed phase and a carrier fluid as a continuous phase. PCSs have a high energy density because they use not only the sensible heat capacity of the carrier fluid, but also the latent heat capacity of the PCM during the phase transition. In this paper, a paraffin/water emulsion has been studied as a PCS for comfort cooling applications in a temperature range of 0-20 °C. A paraffin blend having a melting temperature range of 2-12 °C was used for preparing the emulsion. The properties of the emulsion were studied in view of the application requirements on PCSs. The dependence between the paraffin fraction and emulsion properties was investigated. The stability of the emulsion was examined both during the storage period and under mechanical-thermal loads in a test rig by determining the change in the properties. The results indicate that the paraffin/water emulsion containing a paraffin weight fraction of 30-50 wt.% is an attractive candidate for cold storage and distribution applications.", "publicationTitle": "Energy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "September 2009", "volume": "34", "issue": "9", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1145-1155", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "16/j.energy.2009.03.016", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544209000619", "accessDate": "2011-09-05T00:30:05Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0360-5442", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Cooling applications", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Latent heat storage", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Paraffin/water emulsion", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Phase Change Slurry 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"name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/m.srikanth", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Banu et al.", "parsedDate": "1998", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "WR965ZBX", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Energy-storing wallboard: flammability tests", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Banu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Feldman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "F.", "lastName": "Haghighat" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Paris" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Hawes" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Journal of materials in civil engineering", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1998", "volume": "10", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "98", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Energy-storing wallboard", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "997EQMUE" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-09-05T00:28:12Z", "dateModified": "2011-09-05T00:28:12Z" } }, { "key": "NQP5BX32", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50468, "name": "Peak Electrical Load and building energy 1", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/peak_electrical_load_and_building_energy_1", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50468/items/NQP5BX32", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/peak_electrical_load_and_building_energy_1/items/NQP5BX32", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50468/items/8CUVZPPW", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 300433, "username": "m.srikanth", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/m.srikanth", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "NQP5BX32", "version": 1, "parentItem": "8CUVZPPW", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "ScienceDirect Snapshot", "accessDate": "2011-09-05T00:26:06Z", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S036054420700206X", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-09-05T00:26:06Z", "dateModified": "2011-09-05T00:26:06Z" } }, { "key": "8CUVZPPW", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50468, "name": "Peak Electrical Load and building energy 1", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/peak_electrical_load_and_building_energy_1", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50468/items/8CUVZPPW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/peak_electrical_load_and_building_energy_1/items/8CUVZPPW", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 300433, "username": "m.srikanth", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/m.srikanth", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Medina et al.", "parsedDate": "2008-04", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "8CUVZPPW", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "On the heat transfer rate reduction of structural insulated panels (SIPs) outfitted with phase change materials (PCMs)", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mario A.", "lastName": "Medina" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jennifer B.", "lastName": "King" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Meng", "lastName": "Zhang" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper presents a study on the integration of two building technologies into one new unified form for application in residential and small commercial and industrial buildings. Structural insulated panel (SIP) technology was utilized as a structural vehicle, and also for thermal insulation, and phase change materials (PCMs) provided distributed thermal mass. This new type of wall panel was termed phase change material structural insulated panel (PCMSIP). The research conducted during this study provided the foundations for the development of this type of thermally enhanced wall panels and evaluated their thermal performance, based on heat transfer rate reduction, under full weather conditions. On average, the peak heat flux reductions produced by the PCMSIPs in combination with 10% and 20% PCM were 37% and 62%, respectively. The average reductions in daily heat transfer across the PCMSIPs were 33% and 38% for concentrations of 10% and 20% PCM, respectively. The percent PCM concentration was based on the weight of the interior wallboard.", "publicationTitle": "Energy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "April 2008", "volume": "33", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "667-678", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "16/j.energy.2007.11.003", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S036054420700206X", "accessDate": "2011-09-05T00:26:06Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0360-5442", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Building heat transfer", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Energy conservation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Peak demand reduction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Phase-change materials", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Structural insulated panels", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "997EQMUE" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-09-05T00:26:06Z", "dateModified": "2011-09-05T00:26:06Z" } } ]