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            "abstractNote": "An estimated 750,000 people in the UK have diabetes that is either undiagnosed or unrecorded on diabetes registers. Opportunities are missed to prevent or delay complications and reduce cardiovascular risk. This `missing population' problem has been addressed at various levels: raising awareness among the public; targeted case finding in at-risk groups; and lowering the threshold for investigation of suggestive symptoms among clinicians. Cardiovascular risk assessments are recommended in the UK for the over 40-year-old population and include blood glucose measurements. To further support these measures, this article discusses a recently reported technique for identifying possible cases of undiagnosed diabetes using simple searches on primary care databases, and its implications for practice and future research. Br J Diabetes Vasc Dis 2008; 8: 291--294",
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            "title": "Integration of genomic data in Electronic Health Records–opportunities and dilemmas",
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            "abstractNote": "OBJECTIVES: In this paper we give an overview about the challenge the postgenomic era poses on biomedical informaticists. The occurrence of new (genomic) data types necessitates new data models, new viewing metaphors and methods to deal with the disclosure of genomic data. We discuss integration issues when inferring phenotype and genotype data. Another challenge is to find the right phenotype to genotype data in order to get appropriate case numbers for sound clinical genotype-phenotype inference studies. METHODS: Genomic data could be integrated in an Electronic Health Record (EHR) in several ways. We describe patient-centered and pointer-based integration strategies and the corresponding data types and data models. The inference mechanisms for the interpretation of row data contain different agents. We describe vertical, horizontal and temporal agents. RESULTS: We have to deal with several new data types, not being standardized for EHR integration. Genomic data tends to be more structured than phenotype data. Beyond the development of new data models, vertical, horizontal and temporal agents have to be developed in order to link genotype and phenotype. As the genomic EHR will contain very sensitive data, confidentiality and privacy concerns have to be addressed. CONCLUSIONS: Given the necessity to capture both environment and genomic state of a patient and their interaction, clinical information systems have to be redesigned. While genotyping seems to be automatable easily, this is not the case for clinical information. More integration work on terminologies and ontologies has to be done.",
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                {
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                    "firstName": "D. G",
                    "lastName": "Graham"
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                {
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                    "firstName": "M. S",
                    "lastName": "Spano"
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                    "firstName": "T. V",
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                    "firstName": "E. W",
                    "lastName": "Staton"
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                    "firstName": "A.",
                    "lastName": "Meers"
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                    "firstName": "W. D",
                    "lastName": "Pace"
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            "abstractNote": "Research conducted in a practice-based research network (PBRN) differs from other multisite research and presents particular planning challenges. The American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network (AAFP NRN) has developed a number of procedures used for planning and implementing studies, which address the challenges of national PBRN studies. In this study, we highlight challenges common to PBRN research and describe the methods used by the AAFP NRN to address those challenges. The following tasks were identified as important to implementing PBRN research studies: (1) selecting fundable, feasible studies that interest members and have the potential to improve quality of care; (2) creating a practical budget that covers the costs of the study; (3) composing study teams and securing written agreements between team members; (4) recruiting and selecting study sites; and (5) training practice staff and physicians. Striking the balance of scientific rigor with practical application of PBRN studies must be addressed throughout these tasks. Proper planning for PBRN studies significantly affects the success of study implementation. Although developed by a national PBRN, the planning procedures described in this study may be adapted for state or regional PBRNs.",
            "publicationTitle": "J Am Board Fam Med",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2007",
            "volume": "20",
            "issue": "2",
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            "partNumber": "",
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            "pages": "220-8",
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            "citationKey": "GrahamStrategiesplanning2007",
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            "callNumber": "0000",
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            "extra": "1557-2625 (Print) Journal Article Review",
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                {
                    "tag": "Family *Practice Guidelines *Program Evaluation United States"
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            "dateAdded": "2009-05-31T06:28:17Z",
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                    "firstName": "J.",
                    "lastName": "Powell"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "R.",
                    "lastName": "Fitton"
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                    "firstName": "C.",
                    "lastName": "Fitton"
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            "abstractNote": "The introduction of a national electronic health record system to the National Health Service (NHS) has raised concerns about issues of data accuracy, security and confidentiality. The primary aim of this project was to identify the extent to which primary care patients will allow their local electronic record data to be shared on a national database. The secondary aim was to identify the extent of inaccuracies in the existing primary care records, which will be used to populate the new national Spine. Fifty consecutive attenders to one general practitioner were given a paper printout of their full primary care electronic health record. Participants were asked to highlight information which they would not want to be shared on the national electronic database of records, and information which they considered to be incorrect. There was a 62% response rate (31/50). Five of the 31 patients (16%) identified information that they would not want to be shared on the national record system. The items they identified related almost entirely to matters of pregnancy, contraception, sexual health and mental health. Ten respondents (32%) identified incorrect information in their records (some of these turned out to be correct on further investigation). The findings in relation to data sharing fit with the commonly held assumption that matters related to sensitive or embarrassing issues, which may affect how the patient will be treated by other individuals or institutions, are most likely to be censored by patients. Previous work on this has tended to ask hypothetical questions concerning data sharing rather than examine a real situation. A larger study of representative samples of patients in both primary and secondary care settings is needed to further investigate issues of data sharing and consent.",
            "publicationTitle": "Inform Prim Care",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2006",
            "volume": "14",
            "issue": "1",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "55-7",
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            "citationKey": "PowellSharingelectronic2006",
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            "callNumber": "0000",
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                {
                    "tag": "Computerized Quality Control State Medicine"
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            "dateAdded": "2009-05-31T06:28:17Z",
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        "version": 8749,
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            "version": 8749,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Three steps to data quality",
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "K.",
                    "lastName": "Thiru"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "S.",
                    "lastName": "de Lusignan"
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                {
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                    "firstName": "F.",
                    "lastName": "Sullivan"
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                {
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                    "firstName": "S.",
                    "lastName": "Brew"
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                    "firstName": "A.",
                    "lastName": "Cooper"
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            "abstractNote": "BACKGROUND: The quality of data in general practice clinical information systems varies enormously. This variability jeopardizes the proposed national strategy for an integrated care records service and the capacity of primary care organisations to respond coherently to the demands of clinical governance and the proposed quality-based general practice contract. This is apparent in the difficulty in automating the audit process and in comparing aggregated data from different practices. In an attempt to provide data of adequate quality to support such operational needs, increasing emphasis is being placed on the standardisation of data recording. OBJECTIVE: To develop a conceptual framework to facilitate the recording of standardised data within primary care. METHOD: A multiprofessional group of primary care members from the South Thames Research Network examined leading guidelines for best practice. Using the nominal group technique the group prioritized the information needs of primary care organisations for managing coronary heart disease according to current evidence. RESULTS: Information needs identified were prioritized and stratified into a functional framework. CONCLUSION: It has been possible within the context of a primary care research network to produce a framework for standardising data collection. Motivation of front-line clinicians was achieved through the incorporation of their views into the synthesis of the dataset.",
            "publicationTitle": "Inform Prim Care",
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            "date": "2003",
            "volume": "11",
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            "pages": "95-102",
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            "citationKey": "ThiruThreesteps2003",
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            "rights": "",
            "extra": "1476-0320 (Print) Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
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                    "tag": "Computerized *National Health Programs Quality Control"
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            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "HealthConnect and privacy: a policy conundrum",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "M.",
                    "lastName": "Paterson"
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            ],
            "abstractNote": "A shared electronic health record is intrinsically privacy-invasive because it creates a comprehensive record for information-sharing. The author explains the significance of information privacy and why it is that health information warrants special protection. She also provides an overview of the existing regulatory framework and an evaluation of suggested options and proposals for addressing privacy-related issues. Her analysis of suggested consent models suggests that they ultimately involve a trade-off between privacy and the broader benefits promised by HealthConnect and that obtaining the right balance is essential if HealthConnect is to achieve optimal health outcomes.",
            "publicationTitle": "J Law Med",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2004",
            "volume": "12",
            "issue": "1",
            "section": "",
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            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "80-90",
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            "citationKey": "PatersonHealthConnectprivacy2004",
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                {
                    "tag": "Australia Confidentiality/legislation & jurisprudence Databases"
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        "version": 8749,
        "library": {
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            "creatorSummary": "Chevreul K.",
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            "version": 8749,
            "itemType": "report",
            "title": "Faisabilité d’un système d’information public sur la médecine de ville.",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Le Fur P.",
                    "lastName": "Chevreul K."
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            ],
            "abstractNote": "Cette étude s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une réflexion sur le développement d’un système d’information public permanent sur la médecine libérale en France. En effet, il n’existe actuellement aucun système public permettant de connaître les motifs de recours de la population aux médecins libéraux et de les lier avec les prescriptions. En l’absence de cette information, un volet entier des pratiques professionnelles échappe à l’évaluation, alors même que les différents acteurs du système de santé s’accordent pour dire toute l’importance qu’il y aurait à le faire. Dans cette étude, nous faisons le point sur les différents recueils informatisés existant en France début 2005, qu’ils proviennent de sources administratives, de sociétés privées ou de sociétés savantes. Nous recensons et décrivons également les différents systèmes mis en place à l’étranger et accessibles aux pouvoirs publics. Enfin, en fonction des niveaux d’informations souhaités, nous développons différentes propositions allant de la création d’un nouvel observatoire des pratiques médicales à l’utilisation de bases de données existantes.",
            "reportNumber": "",
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            "institution": "IRDES",
            "place": "",
            "date": "Octobre 2006",
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            "citationKey": "ChevreulK.Faisabilitedun2006",
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            "tags": [
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                {
                    "tag": ";"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "France"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Informatique"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Pays"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "banque"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "comparée;"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "consultation;"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "de"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "demande"
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                {
                    "tag": "données;"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "enquête;"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "généraliste;"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "industrialisés."
                },
                {
                    "tag": "information;"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "libérale;"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "motif"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "médecin"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "médecine"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "médicale;"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "médicament;"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "méthodologie;"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "panel;"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "pratique"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "prescription;"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "proposition;"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "santé;"
                },
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                    "tag": "étude"
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        "version": 8749,
        "library": {
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            "creatorSummary": "Pears et al.",
            "parsedDate": "2003",
            "numChildren": 0
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        "data": {
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            "version": 8749,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Gender, age and deprivation differences in the primary care management of hypertension in Scotland: a cross-sectional database study",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "E.",
                    "lastName": "Pears"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "P. C",
                    "lastName": "Hannaford"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "M. W",
                    "lastName": "Taylor"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "BACKGROUND: Little is known about the community management of cardiovascular disease among different gender, age or deprivation groups, even though much of the long-term treatment takes place within primary care. OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to determine whether important gender, age and deprivation differences exist in the primary care management of hypertension. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis of computerized general practice data was carried out in 43 practices in Scotland contributing to the Continuous Morbidity Recording project. The main outcome measures were odds ratios of being under GP review; receiving different classes of antihypertensive treatments [thiazides, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, calcium channel blockers]; and receiving other cardiovascular preventative treatments (statins and/or antiplatelets). RESULTS: Compared with males, female hypertensive patients were more likely to receive a thiazide and less likely to be given an ACE inhibitor, calcium channel blocker or secondary preventative treatment. Elderly hypertensive patients were less likely than the youngest patients to be under GP active review, more likely to be on a thiazide, calcium channel blocker or antiplatelet treatment, and less likely to be on a statin. More deprived hypertensive patients were less likely to be under GP review, or to be on a thiazide or a statin, but were more likely to be on a calcium channel blocker or an antiplatelet drug than the most affluent group. CONCLUSIONS: Important gender, age and deprivation differences exist in three important components of the primary care treatment of hypertension in Scotland.",
            "publicationTitle": "Fam Pract",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2003",
            "volume": "20",
            "issue": "1",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "22-31",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
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            "DOI": "",
            "citationKey": "PearsGenderage2003",
            "url": "",
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            "PMID": "",
            "PMCID": "",
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            "shortTitle": "",
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            "callNumber": "0000",
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                {
                    "tag": "Non-U.S. Gov't Scotland Sex Factors"
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            "title": "Banking on health: Personal records and information exchange",
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                    "firstName": "M. J",
                    "lastName": "Ball"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "J.",
                    "lastName": "Gold"
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            ],
            "abstractNote": "Consumer demand for personal health records (PHRs) and the capabilities provided by regional health information organizations (RHIOs) will change healthcare, just as automatic teller machines have changed banking. The PHR is predicated on the existence of electronic medical records (EMRs) and electronic health records (EHRs). Patient and consumer principles guiding the development of the PHR reflect issues of access, control, privacy, and security. Working models illustrate the variations of RHIOs and PHRs possible and suggest the benefits that electronic information exchange can accrue for healthcare and healthcare consumers. Today both the private and public sectors are working to define the issues involved in efforts that are now taking place and that will transform healthcare. Consumers are ready for the type of changes that will improve healthcare quality.",
            "publicationTitle": "J Healthc Inf Manag",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2006",
            "volume": "20",
            "issue": "2",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "71-83",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
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            "DOI": "",
            "citationKey": "BallBankinghealth2006",
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            "PMCID": "",
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            "callNumber": "0000",
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            "tags": [
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                    "tag": "#nosource"
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                {
                    "tag": "Computerized Models"
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                {
                    "tag": "Organizational United States"
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            ],
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            "dateAdded": "2009-05-31T06:28:17Z",
            "dateModified": "2025-01-30T07:47:57Z"
        }
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        "version": 8749,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 501,
            "name": "Base de données de recherche en medecine generale, reseau de recherche",
            "links": {
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            "creatorSummary": "Basu and Mobley",
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            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Do HMOs Reduce Preventable Hospitalizations for Medicare Beneficiaries?",
            "creators": [
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Jayasree",
                    "lastName": "Basu"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Lee R.",
                    "lastName": "Mobley"
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            ],
            "abstractNote": "This study assesses the association of HMO enrollment with preventable hospitalizations among the elderly in four states. Using 2001 hospital discharge abstracts for elderly Medicare enrollees (age 65 and above) residing in four states (New York, Pennsylvania, Florida, and California), from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP-SID) database of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, we use a multivariate cross-sectional design with patient-level data for each state. Holding other factors such as demographics and illness severity constant, we find that in three out of four states, Medicare HMO patients had lower odds of a preventable admission versus marker admission than Medicare fee-for-service (FFS) patients. Moreover, in the two states with longest tenure and greatest Medicare HMO penetration, California and Florida, the reduction in preventable admissions among Medicare HMO patients was mainly concentrated among more ill patients. These findings add to the evidence that managed care outperforms traditional care among the elderly, rather than simply skimming off the healthiest populations.",
            "publicationTitle": "Med Care Res Rev",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "Octobre 1, 2007",
            "volume": "64",
            "issue": "5",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "544-567",
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            "seriesTitle": "",
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            "DOI": "10.1177/1077558707301955",
            "citationKey": "BasuHMOsReduce2007",
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            "language": "",
            "libraryCatalog": "Sage Journals Online",
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        "version": 8749,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 501,
            "name": "Base de données de recherche en medecine generale, reseau de recherche",
            "links": {
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            "creatorSummary": "Haux et al.",
            "parsedDate": "2007",
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            "version": 8749,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "On educating about medical data management - the other side of the electronic health record",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "R.",
                    "lastName": "Haux"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "P.",
                    "lastName": "Knaup"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "F.",
                    "lastName": "Leiner"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "OBJECTIVES: To summarize background, challenges, objectives, and methods for the usability of patient data, in particular with respect to their multiple use, and to point out how to lecture medical data management. METHODS: Analyzing the literature, providing an example based on Simpson's paradox and summarizing research and education in the field of medical data management, respectively health information management (in German: Medizinische Dokumentation). RESULTS: For the multiple use of patient data, three main categories of use can be identified: patient-oriented (or casuistic) analysis, patient-group reporting, and analysis for clinical studies. A so-called documentation protocol, related to study plans in clinical trials, supports the multiple use of data from the electronic health record in order to obtain valid, interpretable results. Lectures on medical data management may contain modules on introduction, basic concepts of clinical data management and coding systems, important medical coding systems (e.g. ICD, SNOMED, TNM, UMLS), typical medical documentation systems (e.g. on patient records, clinical and epidemiological registers), utilization of clinical data management systems, planning of medical coding systems and of clinical data management systems, hospital information systems and the electronic patient record, and on data management in clinical studies. CONCLUSION: Usability, the ultimate goal of recording and managing patient data, requires, besides technical considerations, in addition appropriate methodology on medical data management, especially if data is intended to be used for multiple purposes, e.g. for patient care and quality management and clinical research. Medical data management should be taught in health and biomedical informatics programs.",
            "publicationTitle": "Methods Inf Med",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2007",
            "volume": "46",
            "issue": "1",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "74-9",
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            "seriesTitle": "",
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            "DOI": "",
            "citationKey": "Hauxeducatingmedical2007",
            "url": "",
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            "PMCID": "",
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            "shortTitle": "",
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            "callNumber": "0000",
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            "tags": [
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                    "tag": "#nosource"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Computerized Medical Records"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Curriculum Data Interpretation"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Problem-Oriented"
                }
            ],
            "collections": [],
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            "dateAdded": "2009-05-31T06:28:17Z",
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    {
        "key": "EZ43QTDD",
        "version": 8749,
        "library": {
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            "version": 8749,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Identifying patients with ischaemic heart disease in general practice: cross sectional study of paper and computerised medical records",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "J.",
                    "lastName": "Gray"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "A.",
                    "lastName": "Majeed"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "S.",
                    "lastName": "Kerry"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "G.",
                    "lastName": "Rowlands"
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            ],
            "abstractNote": "OBJECTIVES: To identify patients with ischaemic heart disease by using a practice computer and to estimate the work required to do so. DESIGN: Cross sectional study. Data from the notes and from the computer records of 1680 patients were used to build a database. This was used to compare different methods of identifying patients with ischaemic heart disease. SETTING: 11 general practices in the Battersea primary care group in south London. SUBJECTS: 1 in 40 random sample of patients aged 45 or older. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Numbers of patients identified with ischaemic heart disease. RESULTS: The combination of the Read code for ischaemic heart disease (G3) and a prescription for a nitrate had a 73% sensitivity and a yield (100/positive predictive value) of one case of ischaemic heart disease for every 1.2 sets of notes reviewed. By searching the records of patients also receiving aspirin, atenolol, digoxin, or a statin, the sensitivity was increased to 96% but the yield fell to one in three. CONCLUSION: Although commonly used to identify cases, a computer search for G3 code or nitrate missed almost 30% of patients with ischaemic heart disease. A substantially higher percentage of patients can be identified by adding other drugs to the search strategy.",
            "publicationTitle": "Bmj",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2000",
            "volume": "321",
            "issue": "7260",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "548-50",
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            "DOI": "",
            "citationKey": "GrayIdentifyingpatients2000",
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            "callNumber": "0000",
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            "tags": [
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                    "tag": "#nosource"
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                {
                    "tag": "Aged Comparative Study Cross-Sectional Studies Databases"
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                {
                    "tag": "Non-U.S. Gov't Sensitivity and Specificity"
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            ],
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            "dateAdded": "2009-05-31T06:28:17Z",
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        "key": "F9BQWRJX",
        "version": 8749,
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            "creatorSummary": "Hofmans-Okkes and Lamberts",
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            "version": 8749,
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            "title": "The International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC): new applications in research and computer-based patient records in family practice",
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                    "firstName": "I. M",
                    "lastName": "Hofmans-Okkes"
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                    "firstName": "H.",
                    "lastName": "Lamberts"
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            ],
            "abstractNote": "The international Classification of Primary Care (ICPC) has now been available to the family medicine community for a decade as the main ordering principle of its domain. Research data and practical experiences with ICPC, as well as the development of new concepts in family medicine, have resulted in new applications. The structure of episodes of care to be included in a computer-based patient record has been further developed and refined. ICPC as the ordering principle of patient data is now available in 19 languages. Its conversion structure with the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) allows the highest possible level of specificity in a patient's problem list necessary in patient care, while the compatibility of the ICPC drug codes with the Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical Classification Index allows the systematic inclusion of data on prescription.",
            "publicationTitle": "Fam Pract",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "1996",
            "volume": "13",
            "issue": "3",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "294-302",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
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            "citationKey": "Hofmans-OkkesInternationalClassification1996",
            "url": "",
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            "callNumber": "0000",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "0263-2136 (Print) Journal Article Review",
            "tags": [
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                {
                    "tag": "Computerized Primary Health Care/*classification"
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            ],
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            "dateAdded": "2009-05-31T06:28:17Z",
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    {
        "key": "F9TRTFME",
        "version": 8748,
        "library": {
            "type": "group",
            "id": 501,
            "name": "Base de données de recherche en medecine generale, reseau de recherche",
            "links": {
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            "creatorSummary": "Ried et al.",
            "parsedDate": "2006",
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        },
        "data": {
            "key": "F9TRTFME",
            "version": 8748,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Setting directions for capacity building in primary health care: a survey of a research network",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "K.",
                    "lastName": "Ried"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "E. A",
                    "lastName": "Farmer"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "K. M",
                    "lastName": "Weston"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "BACKGROUND: The South Australian Research Network 'SARNet' aims to build research capacity in primary health care, as part of a national government-funded strategy to integrate research into clinical practice. Internationally, research networks have been a fundamental part of research culture change, and a variety of network models exist. The 'SARNet' model uses a whole system, multidisciplinary approach to capacity building and supports individuals and groups. We undertook a descriptive baseline survey in order to understand the background and needs of SARNet members and to tailor network activities towards those needs. METHODS: A questionnaire survey, assessing members' professional background, research experience, and interest in research development and training, was sent to all members who joined the network in its first year. The visual 'research spider' tool was used to ascertain members' experience in ten core research skills, as well as their interest in developing these skills. Individuals were asked to classify themselves into one of four categories of researchers, based on previous research experience. These self-assessment categories ranged from non-participant to academic. RESULTS: Network membership was diverse. Of the 89 survey participants, 55% were general practitioners or allied health professionals. Overall, most survey respondents indicated little to moderate experience in 7 out of the 10 skills depicted in the 'research spider'. In comparison, respondents were generally highly interested in developing their research skills in all areas. Respondents' research skills correlated significantly with their self-assessed category of research participation (Spearman rank correlation, r = 0.82, p < 0.0005). Correlations between research category and publication record (Gamma association, gamma = 0.53, p < 0.0005) or funding record (Gamma association, gamma = 0.62, p < 0.0005) supported the internal validity of the survey instrument. CONCLUSION: Literature describing evaluation of the impact of networks is scarce. Our survey questionnaire could provide a useful instrument for evaluation of both networks and capacity building initiatives. The survey including the 'research spider' tool provided valuable information about members' needs and interest in strategies to develop their research skills. Initial needs analyses as well as on-going evaluation of network activities are important to include into the business plans of research networks, in order to ensure the network's effectiveness and support of its membership.",
            "publicationTitle": "BMC Fam Pract",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2006",
            "volume": "7",
            "issue": "",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "8",
            "series": "",
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            "DOI": "",
            "citationKey": "RiedSettingdirections2006",
            "url": "",
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            "archive": "",
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            "language": "",
            "libraryCatalog": "",
            "callNumber": "0000",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "1471-2296 (Electronic) Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",
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            ],
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            "dateAdded": "2009-05-31T06:28:17Z",
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            "creatorSummary": "Black et al.",
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            "version": 8748,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Cross sectional survey of multicentre clinical databases in the United Kingdom",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "N.",
                    "lastName": "Black"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "M.",
                    "lastName": "Barker"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "M.",
                    "lastName": "Payne"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "OBJECTIVES: To describe the multicentre clinical databases that exist in the United Kingdom, to report on their quality, to explore which organisational and managerial features are associated with high quality, and to make recommendations for improvements. DESIGN: Cross sectional survey, with interviews with database custodians and search of electronic bibliographic database (PubMed). STUDIES REVIEWED: 105 clinical databases across the United Kingdom. RESULTS: Clinical databases existed in all areas of health care, but their distribution was uneven-cancer and surgery were better covered than mental health and obstetrics. They varied greatly in age, size, growth rate, and geographical areas covered. Their scope (and thus their potential uses) and the quality of the data collected also varied. The latter was not associated with any organisational characteristics. Despite impressive achievements, many faced substantial financial uncertainty. Considerable scope existed for improvements: greater use of nationally approved codes; more support from relevant professional organisations; greater involvement by nurses, allied health professionals, managers, and laypeople in database management teams; and more attention to data security and ensuring patient confidentiality. With some notable exceptions, the audit and research potential of most databases had not been realised: half the databases had each produced only four or fewer peer reviewed research articles. CONCLUSIONS: At least one clinical database support unit is needed in the United Kingdom to provide assistance in organisation and management, information technology, epidemiology, and statistics. Without such an initiative, the variable picture of databases reported here is likely to persist and their potential not be realised.",
            "publicationTitle": "Bmj",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2004",
            "volume": "328",
            "issue": "7454",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "1478",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
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            "DOI": "",
            "citationKey": "BlackCrosssectional2004",
            "url": "",
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            "extra": "1468-5833 (Electronic) Journal Article",
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                {
                    "tag": "Non-U.S. Gov't"
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            "dateAdded": "2009-05-31T06:28:17Z",
            "dateModified": "2025-01-30T07:47:40Z"
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        "version": 8748,
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            "creatorSummary": "Lawrenson et al.",
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            "version": 8748,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "A UK general practice database study of prevalence and mortality of people with neural tube defects",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Ross",
                    "lastName": "Lawrenson"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Jean-Jaques",
                    "lastName": "Wyndaele"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Ioannis",
                    "lastName": "Vlachonikolis"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Christopher",
                    "lastName": "Farmer"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Scott",
                    "lastName": "Glickman"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Objective: To investigate the prevalence of neural tube defects (NTDs) in the UK and to compare the mortality rate with that of the general population. Methods: A cross-sectional study. The General Practice Research Database (GPRD) contains the prescribing and diagnostic records since 1990 of over 4 million people from throughout the UK. All patients aged 10-69 and registered on the database in the years 1994-1997 were included in the study. Patients with a diagnosis of NTD were identified from the database and prevalence and standardized mortality ratios in each year were calculated. Results: The size of the GPRD reduced during the study period - there were 2 116 452 patients aged 10-69 years on the database in 1994, of whom 1751 had a prior record of NTD. In 1997 there were 998 368 patients, of whom 842 had an NTD. The age standardized prevalence between 1994 and 1997 for NTDs ranged between 7.8 and 8.4 per 10 000 for males and 9.0 and 9.4 per 10 000 for females aged 10-69 years. There were 27 deaths in patients with a record of NTD over the four-year study period. The standardized mortality ratio for the years 1994 to 1997 for NTDs ranged between 1.9 and 2.9. Conclusions: These data give an estimate of the prevalence of NTDs in the general population. They also show that those who have survived to age 10 years still have double the mortality of the general population.",
            "publicationTitle": "Clinical Rehabilitation",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "Juin 1, 2000",
            "volume": "14",
            "issue": "6",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "627-630",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "",
            "DOI": "10.1191/0269215500cr371oa",
            "citationKey": "LawrensonUKgeneral2000",
            "url": "http://cre.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/14/6/627",
            "accessDate": "2009-03-29T15:12:19Z",
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            "language": "",
            "libraryCatalog": "Sage Journals Online",
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            "dateAdded": "2009-05-31T06:28:17Z",
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        "version": 8748,
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            "creatorSummary": "Skelton et al.",
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            "version": 8748,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "A concordance-based study of metaphoric expressions used by general practitioners and patients in consultation",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "J. R",
                    "lastName": "Skelton"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "A. M",
                    "lastName": "Wearn"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "F. D",
                    "lastName": "Hobbs"
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            ],
            "abstractNote": "BACKGROUND: All languages use metaphoric expressions; some deliberately chosen, some (for example, 'digesting information') not usually perceived as metaphoric. Increasingly, it is suggested metaphoric expressions constrain the way we conceptualise the world, as well as being a means of achieving stylistic effect. AIM: To study metaphoric expressions used by doctors and patients in general practice. DESIGN OF STUDY: Concordance-based language analysis of spoken data. METHOD: A database containing transcriptions of 373 consultations with 40 doctors in a UK general practice setting was scrutinised for metaphoric expressions, using 'concordancing' software. Concordancing enables identification of strings of text with similar lexical properties. Comparators (for example, 'like'), selected verb-types (for example, of feeling), and the verb 'to be' were used as starting points for systematically exploring the data. Quantitative and qualitative thematic methods were used in analysis. RESULTS: Doctors and patients use different metaphors. Doctors use mechanical metaphors to explain disease and speak of themselves as problem-solvers' and 'controllers of disease'. Patients employ a range of vivid metaphors, but fewer metaphors of machines and problem/solution. Patients use metaphors to describe symptoms and are more likely to use metaphoric language at the interface of physical and psychological symptoms ('tension, 'stress'). CONCLUSION: The different patterns of metaphoric expression suggest that doctors make limited attempts to enter the patients' conceptual world. This may not be a bad thing. One function of the consultation may be to reinterpret vivid and unique descriptions as accounts of the familiar and systemically comprehensible. Doctors may use different conceptual metaphors as a reassuring signal of expertise.",
            "publicationTitle": "Br J Gen Pract",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2002",
            "volume": "52",
            "issue": "475",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "114-8",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
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            "DOI": "",
            "citationKey": "Skeltonconcordancebasedstudy2002",
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                    "tag": "Family/psychology Research Support"
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            "dateAdded": "2009-05-31T06:28:17Z",
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            "version": 8748,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Collecting morbidity data in general practice: the Somerset morbidity project",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "N.",
                    "lastName": "Pearson"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "J.",
                    "lastName": "O'Brien"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "H.",
                    "lastName": "Thomas"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "P.",
                    "lastName": "Ewings"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "L.",
                    "lastName": "Gallier"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "A.",
                    "lastName": "Bussey"
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            ],
            "abstractNote": "OBJECTIVE–To collect a valid, complete, continuous, and representative database of morbidity presenting to primary care and to use the data to help commission services on the basis of local need and effectiveness. SETTING–Computerised general practices in Somerset. METHODS–Participating general practices were selected to be representative of the district health authority population for general practice and population characteristics. All conditions presented at face to face consultations were assigned a Read code and episode type and the data were regularly validated. Data were sent by modem from the practices via a third party to the health authority each week. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES–Proportion of consultations coded and accuracy of coding. RESULTS–11 practices agreed to participate. Validations for completeness during April 1994 to March 1995 revealed that 96.4% of the records were coded; 94% of the 1090 records validated had appropriate episode types and 87% appropriate Read codes. The results have been used to help formulate the health authority's purchasing plans and have enabled a change in the local contracts for surgery for glue ear. CONCLUSIONS–The project has shown the feasibility of establishing a network of practices recording and reporting the morbidity seen in primary care. Early indications are that the data can be useful in evidence based purchasing.",
            "publicationTitle": "Bmj",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "1996",
            "volume": "312",
            "issue": "7045",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "1517-20",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "",
            "DOI": "",
            "citationKey": "PearsonCollectingmorbidity1996",
            "url": "",
            "accessDate": "",
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            "PMCID": "",
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            "dateAdded": "2009-05-31T06:28:17Z",
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        "version": 8748,
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            "creatorSummary": "Okkes et al.",
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            "version": 8748,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "The March 2002 update of the electronic version of ICPC-2. A step forward to the use of ICD-10 as a nomenclature and a terminology for ICPC-2",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "I. M",
                    "lastName": "Okkes"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "H. W",
                    "lastName": "Becker"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "R. M",
                    "lastName": "Bernstein"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "H.",
                    "lastName": "Lamberts"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "The electronic version of the second edition of the International Classification of Primary Care, ICPC-2-E, available on the website of Family Practice since 2000, needed an update of the mapping with ICD-10 as a nomenclature and, consequently, of some of its criteria. This is now being made available, together with the full four-digit conversion structure between the two systems, in an electronic form, allowing the use of the alphabetical index of ICD-10 in several languages to be used as a terminology for ICPC-2. In this contribution, we discuss the considerations for preparing this new mapping structure, and its potential use in future electronic patient records in family practice.",
            "publicationTitle": "Fam Pract",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2002",
            "volume": "19",
            "issue": "5",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "543-6",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
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            "DOI": "",
            "citationKey": "OkkesMarch20022002",
            "url": "",
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            "PMCID": "",
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            "callNumber": "0000",
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            "tags": [
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                    "tag": "#nosource"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Computerized Primary Health Care/ classification"
                }
            ],
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            "dateAdded": "2009-05-31T06:28:17Z",
            "dateModified": "2025-01-30T07:47:30Z"
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    {
        "key": "GJRHRU39",
        "version": 8748,
        "library": {
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            "links": {
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            "creatorSummary": "Black and Payne",
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            "version": 8748,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Directory of clinical databases: improving and promoting their use",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "N.",
                    "lastName": "Black"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "M.",
                    "lastName": "Payne"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "BACKGROUND: The controversy surrounding the actual and potential use of clinical databases partly reflects the huge variation in their content and quality. In addition, use of existing clinical databases is severely limited by a lack of knowledge of their availability. OBJECTIVES: To develop and test a standardised method for assessing the quality (completeness and accuracy) of clinical databases and to establish a web based directory of databases in the UK. METHODS: An expert group was set up (1). to establish the criteria for inclusion of databases; (2). to develop a quality assessment instrument with high content validity, based on epidemiological theory; (3). to test empirically, modify, and retest the acceptability to database custodians, face validity and floor/ceiling effects; and (4). to design a website. RESULTS: Criteria for inclusion of databases were the provision of individual level data; inclusion in the database defined by a common circumstance (e.g. condition, treatment), an administrative arrangement, or an adverse outcome; and inclusion of data from more than one provider. A quality assessment instrument consisting of 10 items (four on coverage, six on reliability and validity) was developed and shown to have good face and content validity, no floor/ceiling effects, and to be acceptable to database custodians. A website (www.docdat.org) was developed. Indications over the first 18 months (number of visitors to the site) are that it is increasingly popular. By November 2002 there were around 3500 hits a month. CONCLUSIONS: A website now exists where visitors can identify clinical databases in the UK that may be suitable to meet their aims. It is planned both to develop a local version for use within a hospital and to encourage similar national systems in other countries.",
            "publicationTitle": "Qual Saf Health Care",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2003",
            "volume": "12",
            "issue": "5",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "348-52",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
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            "DOI": "",
            "citationKey": "BlackDirectoryclinical2003",
            "url": "",
            "accessDate": "",
            "PMID": "",
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            "rights": "",
            "extra": "1475-3898 (Print) Journal Article",
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                {
                    "tag": "Databases"
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                    "tag": "Non-U.S. Gov't"
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