[ { "key": "75T9JUTV", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50083, "name": "IPT GU-Moderators", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50083/items/75T9JUTV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators/items/75T9JUTV", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 660554, "username": "jhamadani", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jhamadani", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Sotsky et al.", "parsedDate": "1991-08", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "75T9JUTV", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Patient predictors of response to psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy: findings in the NIMH Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S M", "lastName": "Sotsky" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D R", "lastName": "Glass" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M T", "lastName": "Shea" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P A", "lastName": "Pilkonis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J F", "lastName": "Collins" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "I", "lastName": "Elkin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J T", "lastName": "Watkins" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S D", "lastName": "Imber" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "W R", "lastName": "Leber" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J", "lastName": "Moyer" } ], "abstractNote": "OBJECTIVE The authors investigated patient characteristics predictive of treatment response in the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program. METHOD Two hundred thirty-nine outpatients with major depressive disorder according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria entered a 16-week multicenter clinical trial and were randomly assigned to interpersonal psychotherapy, cognitive-behavior therapy, imipramine with clinical management, or placebo with clinical management. Pretreatment sociodemographic features, diagnosis, course of illness, function, personality, and symptoms were studied to identify patient predictors of depression severity (measured with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression) and complete response (measured with the Hamilton scale and the Beck Depression Inventory). RESULTS One hundred sixty-two patients completed the entire 16-week trial. Six patient characteristics, in addition to depression severity previously reported, predicted outcome across all treatments: social dysfunction, cognitive dysfunction, expectation of improvement, endogenous depression, double depression, and duration of current episode. Significant patient predictors of differential treatment outcome were identified. 1) Low social dysfunction predicted superior response to interpersonal psychotherapy. 2) Low cognitive dysfunction predicted superior response to cognitive-behavior therapy and to imipramine. 3) High work dysfunction predicted superior response to imipramine. 4) High depression severity and impairment of function predicted superior response to imipramine and to interpersonal psychotherapy. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate the relevance of patient characteristics, including social, cognitive, and work function, for prediction of the outcome of major depressive disorder. They provide indirect evidence of treatment specificity by identifying characteristics responsive to different modalities, which may be of value in the selection of patients for alternative treatments.", "publicationTitle": "The American Journal of Psychiatry", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Aug 1991", "volume": "148", "issue": "8", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "997-1008", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Am J Psychiatry", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1853989", "accessDate": "2011-08-08T15:03:11Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0002-953X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Patient predictors of response to psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 1853989", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Ambulatory Care", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Behavior Therapy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Clinical Protocols", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cognition", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Depressive Disorder", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Double-Blind Method", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Follow-Up Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Imipramine", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Personality Inventory", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Probability", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Prospective Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Psychiatric Status Rating Scales", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Psychotherapy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Severity of Illness Index", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Social Adjustment", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "United States", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Work", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-08-08T15:03:11Z", "dateModified": "2011-08-08T15:03:11Z" } }, { "key": "8NP5N5J6", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50083, "name": "IPT GU-Moderators", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50083/items/8NP5N5J6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators/items/8NP5N5J6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 660554, "username": "jhamadani", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jhamadani", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Barber and Muenz", "parsedDate": "1996-10", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "8NP5N5J6", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The role of avoidance and obsessiveness in matching patients to cognitive and interpersonal psychotherapy: empirical findings from the treatment for depression collaborative research program", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J P", "lastName": "Barber" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L R", "lastName": "Muenz" } ], "abstractNote": "This article examines the hypothesis that cognitive therapy (CT) is more effective than interpersonal therapy (IPT) for treatment of depressed patients with an elevated level of avoidant personality, whereas the reverse holds for depressed patients with elevated level of obsessive personality. This hypothesis was derived in part from the preliminary results of previous unpublished pilot work, which examined the course of dynamic and cognitive therapies for avoidant and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. With the \"completer\" data set available from the Treatment for Depression Collaborative Research Program (I. Elkin et al., 1989), the expected significant interactions between treatment (CT vs. IPT) and avoidance and between treatment and obsessiveness were found. A significant interaction was also found between marital status and treatment, indicating that married patients did better after CT, whereas single and noncohabiting patients improved more after IPT. Similar patterns of results were found using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and the Beck Depression Inventory. A matching factor formula of patients to CT vs. IPT is presented.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Oct 1996", "volume": "64", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "951-958", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Consult Clin Psychol", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8916624", "accessDate": "2011-08-08T15:00:10Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0022-006X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The role of avoidance and obsessiveness in matching patients to cognitive and interpersonal psychotherapy", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 8916624", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Avoidance Learning", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cognitive Therapy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Combined Modality Therapy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Comorbidity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Depressive Disorder", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Imipramine", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Obsessive Behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Personality Disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Personality Inventory", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Psychotherapy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Treatment Outcome", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-08-08T15:00:10Z", "dateModified": "2011-08-08T15:00:10Z" } }, { "key": "BT458HGI", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50083, "name": "IPT GU-Moderators", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50083/items/BT458HGI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators/items/BT458HGI", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 660554, "username": "jhamadani", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jhamadani", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Marshall et al.", "parsedDate": "2008", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BT458HGI", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Self-criticism predicts differential response to treatment for major depression", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Margarita B.", "lastName": "Marshall" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David C.", "lastName": "Zuroff" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Carolina", "lastName": "McBride" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. Michael", "lastName": "Bagby" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Clinical Psychology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "03/2008", "volume": "64", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "231-244", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J. Clin. Psychol.", "DOI": "10.1002/jclp.20438", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jclp.20438", "accessDate": "2011-08-08T14:56:03Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "00219762", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-08-08T14:56:03Z", "dateModified": "2011-08-08T14:56:03Z" } }, { "key": "KB5SRTTF", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50083, "name": "IPT GU-Moderators", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50083/items/KB5SRTTF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators/items/KB5SRTTF", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 660554, "username": "jhamadani", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jhamadani", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bulmash et al.", "parsedDate": "2009-12", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "KB5SRTTF", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Personality, stressful life events, and treatment response in major depression", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Eric", "lastName": "Bulmash" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kate L", "lastName": "Harkness" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jeremy G", "lastName": "Stewart" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R Michael", "lastName": "Bagby" } ], "abstractNote": "The current study examined whether the personality traits of self-criticism or dependency moderated the effect of stressful life events on treatment response. Depressed outpatients (N = 113) were randomized to 16 weeks of cognitive-behavioral therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy, or antidepressant medication (ADM). Stressful life events were assessed with the Bedford College Life Events and Difficulties Schedule. Severe events reported during or immediately prior to treatment predicted poor response in the ADM condition but not in the psychotherapy conditions. In contrast, nonsevere life events experienced prior to onset predicted superior response to treatment. Further, self-criticism moderated the relation of severe life events to outcome across conditions, such that in the presence of severe stress those high in self-criticism were less likely to respond to treatment than were those low in self-criticism.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Dec 2009", "volume": "77", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1067-1077", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Consult Clin Psychol", "DOI": "10.1037/a0017149", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19968383", "accessDate": "2011-08-08T14:53:54Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1939-2117", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 19968383", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adaptation, Psychological", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Chi-Square Distribution", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cognitive Therapy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Depressive Disorder, Major", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Life Change Events", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Models, Psychological", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Patient Selection", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Personality", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Personality Inventory", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Questionnaires", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Self Concept", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Stress, Psychological", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Treatment Outcome", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-08-08T14:53:54Z", "dateModified": "2011-08-08T14:53:54Z" } }, { "key": "9WNV2UV3", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50083, "name": "IPT GU-Moderators", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50083/items/9WNV2UV3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators/items/9WNV2UV3", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 660554, "username": "jhamadani", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jhamadani", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "McBride et al.", "parsedDate": "2006", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "9WNV2UV3", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Attachment as moderator of treatment outcome in major depression: A randomized control trial of interpersonal psychotherapy versus cognitive behavior therapy.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Carolina", "lastName": "McBride" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Leslie", "lastName": "Atkinson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lena C.", "lastName": "Quilty" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. Michael", "lastName": "Bagby" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2006", "volume": "74", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1041-1054", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology", "DOI": "10.1037/0022-006X.74.6.1041", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://doi.apa.org/getdoi.cfm?doi=10.1037/0022-006X.74.6.1041", "accessDate": "2011-08-08T14:51:32Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1939-2117", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Attachment as moderator of treatment outcome in major depression", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-08-08T14:51:32Z", "dateModified": "2011-08-08T14:51:32Z" } }, { "key": "USEVQDJB", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50083, "name": "IPT GU-Moderators", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50083/items/USEVQDJB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators/items/USEVQDJB", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 660554, "username": "jhamadani", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jhamadani", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Brown et al.", "parsedDate": "2000-08", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "USEVQDJB", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Factors associated with symptomatic improvement and recovery from major depression in primary care patients", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C", "lastName": "Brown" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H C", "lastName": "Schulberg" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H G", "lastName": "Prigerson" } ], "abstractNote": "This article describes a post-hoc analysis of clinical and psychosocial factors and beliefs about health associated with treatment outcome in a sample of depressed primary care patients (N=181) randomly assigned to a standardized treatment or physician's usual care (UC). Different factors were found to predict clinical outcomes for treatment modality [UC vs. interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) or nortriptyline (NT)] and the type of outcome evaluated (i.e., depressive symptoms at 8 months or symptomatic and functional recovery at 8 months). Factors associated with treatment-specific outcomes are also described. Consistent with prior studies, lower depressive symptom severity at 8 months was associated with higher baseline functioning, minimal medical co-morbidity, race, and standardized pharmacologic or psychotherapeutic treatment. Additionally, an interaction between treatment modality and health locus of control indicated that individuals perceiving more self-control of their health and who received a standardized treatment experienced greater depressive symptom reduction at 8 months. Factors associated with symptomatic and functional recovery from the depressive episode were also examined. Patients who received a standardized treatment (IPT or NT) perceived greater control of their health and lacked a lifetime generalized anxiety disorder or panic disorder were more likely to recover by month 8 than those who received usual care. While clinical severity and treatment adequacy play an important role in both symptomatic improvement and full recovery from a depressive episode, other key factors such as health beliefs and non-depressive psychopathology also influence recovery.", "publicationTitle": "General Hospital Psychiatry", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2000 Jul-Aug", "volume": "22", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "242-250", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Gen Hosp Psychiatry", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10936631", "accessDate": "2011-08-08T14:48:45Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0163-8343", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 10936631", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adolescent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Antidepressive Agents", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Attitude to Health", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Convalescence", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Depressive Disorder, Major", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Nortriptyline", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Primary Health Care", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Psychiatric Status Rating Scales", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Psychotherapy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Severity of Illness Index", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Treatment Outcome", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-08-08T14:48:45Z", "dateModified": "2011-08-08T14:48:45Z" } }, { "key": "MVS5QKTV", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50083, "name": "IPT GU-Moderators", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50083/items/MVS5QKTV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators/items/MVS5QKTV", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 660554, "username": "jhamadani", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jhamadani", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Frank et al.", "parsedDate": "2011-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "MVS5QKTV", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Predictors and moderators of time to remission of major depression with interpersonal psychotherapy and SSRI pharmacotherapy", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E", "lastName": "Frank" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G B", "lastName": "Cassano" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P", "lastName": "Rucci" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "W K", "lastName": "Thompson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H C", "lastName": "Kraemer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A", "lastName": "Fagiolini" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L", "lastName": "Maggi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D J", "lastName": "Kupfer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M K", "lastName": "Shear" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P R", "lastName": "Houck" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S", "lastName": "Calugi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "V J", "lastName": "Grochocinski" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P", "lastName": "Scocco" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J", "lastName": "Buttenfield" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R N", "lastName": "Forgione" } ], "abstractNote": "BACKGROUND Although many studies suggest that, on average, depression-specific psychotherapy and antidepressant pharmacotherapy are efficacious, we know relatively little about which patients are more likely to respond to one versus the other. We sought to determine whether measures of spectrum psychopathology are useful in deciding which patients with unipolar depression should receive pharmacotherapy versus depression-specific psychotherapy. METHOD A total of 318 adult out-patients with major depression were randomly assigned to escitalopram pharmacotherapy or interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) at academic medical centers at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and Pisa, Italy. Our main focus was on predictors and moderators of time to remission on monotherapy at 12 weeks. RESULTS Participants with higher scores on the need for medical reassurance factor of the Panic-Agoraphobic Spectrum Self-Report (PAS-SR) had more rapid remission with IPT and those with lower scores on the psychomotor activation factor of the Mood Spectrum Self-Report (MOODS-SR) experienced more rapid remission with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) pharmacotherapy. Non-specific predictors of longer time to remission with monotherapy included several panic spectrum and mood spectrum factors and the Social Phobia Spectrum (SHY) total score. Higher baseline scores on the 17- and 25-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scales (HAMD-17 and HAMD-25) and the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) also predicted a longer time to remission, whereas being married predicted a shorter time to remission. CONCLUSIONS This exploratory study identified several non-specific predictors but few moderators of psychotherapy versus pharmacotherapy outcome. It offers useful indicators of the characteristics of patients that are generally difficult to treat, but only limited guidance as to who benefits from IPT versus SSRI pharmacotherapy.", "publicationTitle": "Psychological Medicine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Jan 2011", "volume": "41", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "151-162", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Psychol Med", "DOI": "10.1017/S0033291710000553", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20380782", "accessDate": "2011-08-08T14:47:41Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1469-8978", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 20380782", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Affect", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Anxiety", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Citalopram", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Depressive Disorder, Major", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Predictive Value of Tests", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Proportional Hazards Models", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Psychiatric Status Rating Scales", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Psychological Tests", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Psychotherapy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Remission Induction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Time Factors", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-08-08T14:47:41Z", "dateModified": "2011-08-08T14:47:41Z" } }, { "key": "8THWPMXF", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50083, "name": "IPT GU-Moderators", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50083/items/8THWPMXF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators/items/8THWPMXF", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 660554, "username": "jhamadani", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jhamadani", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Joyce et al.", "parsedDate": "2007", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "8THWPMXF", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Temperament, character and personality disorders as predictors of response to interpersonal psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioural therapy for depression", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P. R.", "lastName": "Joyce" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J. M.", "lastName": "McKENZIE" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J. D.", "lastName": "Carter" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A. M.", "lastName": "Rae" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S. E.", "lastName": "Luty" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C. M. A.", "lastName": "Frampton" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. T.", "lastName": "Mulder" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "The British Journal of Psychiatry", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "06/2007", "volume": "190", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "503-508", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "The British Journal of Psychiatry", "DOI": "10.1192/bjp.bp.106.024737", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://bjp.rcpsych.org/cgi/doi/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.024737", "accessDate": "2011-08-08T14:44:56Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0007-1250", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-08-08T14:44:56Z", "dateModified": "2011-08-08T14:44:56Z" } }, { "key": "QNII53R8", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50083, "name": "IPT GU-Moderators", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50083/items/QNII53R8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators/items/QNII53R8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 660554, "username": "jhamadani", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jhamadani", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Elkin et al.", "parsedDate": "1989-11", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "QNII53R8", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program. General effectiveness of treatments", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "I", "lastName": "Elkin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M T", "lastName": "Shea" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J T", "lastName": "Watkins" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S D", "lastName": "Imber" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S M", "lastName": "Sotsky" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J F", "lastName": "Collins" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D R", "lastName": "Glass" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P A", "lastName": "Pilkonis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "W R", "lastName": "Leber" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J P", "lastName": "Docherty" } ], "abstractNote": "We investigated the effectiveness of two brief psychotherapies, interpersonal psychotherapy and cognitive behavior therapy, for the treatment of outpatients with major depression disorder diagnosed by Research Diagnostic Criteria. Two hundred fifty patients were randomly assigned to one of four 16-week treatment conditions: interpersonal psychotherapy, cognitive behavior therapy, imipramine hydrochloride plus clinical management (as a standard reference treatment), and placebo plus clinical management. Patients in all treatments showed significant reduction in depressive symptoms and improvement in functioning over the course of treatment. There was a consistent ordering of treatments at termination, with imipramine plus clinical management generally doing best, placebo plus clinical management worst, and the two psychotherapies in between but generally closer to imipramine plus clinical management. In analyses carried out on the total samples without regard to initial severity of illness (the primary analyses), there was no evidence of greater effectiveness of one of the psychotherapies as compared with the other and no evidence that either of the psychotherapies was significantly less effective than the standard reference treatment, imipramine plus clinical management. Comparing each of the psychotherapies with the placebo plus clinical management condition, there was limited evidence of the specific effectiveness of interpersonal psychotherapy and none for cognitive behavior therapy. Superior recovery rates were found for both interpersonal psychotherapy and imipramine plus clinical management, as compared with placebo plus clinical management. On mean scores, however, there were few significant differences in effectiveness among the four treatments in the primary analyses. Secondary analyses, in which patients were dichotomized on initial level of severity of depressive symptoms and impairment of functioning, helped to explain the relative lack of significant findings in the primary analyses. Significant differences among treatments were present only for the subgroup of patients who were more severely depressed and functionally impaired; here, there was some evidence of the effectiveness of interpersonal psychotherapy with these patients and strong evidence of the effectiveness of imipramine plus clinical management. In contrast, there were no significant differences among treatments, including placebo plus clinical management, for the less severely depressed and functionally impaired patients.", "publicationTitle": "Archives of General Psychiatry", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Nov 1989", "volume": "46", "issue": "11", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "971-982; discussion 983", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Arch. Gen. Psychiatry", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2684085", "accessDate": "2011-08-08T14:38:23Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0003-990X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 2684085", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Ambulatory Care", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cognitive Therapy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Combined Modality Therapy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Depressive Disorder", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Imipramine", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Multicenter Studies as Topic", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Placebos", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Psychiatric Status Rating Scales", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Psychotherapy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "United States", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-08-08T14:38:23Z", "dateModified": "2011-08-08T14:38:23Z" } }, { "key": "SFHIICNH", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50083, "name": "IPT GU-Moderators", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50083/items/SFHIICNH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators/items/SFHIICNH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 660554, "username": "jhamadani", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jhamadani", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Markowitz et al.", "parsedDate": "2000", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "SFHIICNH", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "An exploratory study of ethnicity and psychotherapy outcome among HIV-positive patients with depressive symptoms", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J C", "lastName": "Markowitz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L A", "lastName": "Spielman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M", "lastName": "Sullivan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B", "lastName": "Fishman" } ], "abstractNote": "Few data address the relationship between ethnic status and psychotherapy outcome. This study reports data from a four-cell, 16-week controlled clinical trial for HIV-positive patients with depressive symptoms. Patients (N = 101) were randomized to 16 weeks of treatment with interpersonal psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), supportive psychotherapy, or imipramine plus supportive psychotherapy. Analyses found an ethnicity-by-treatment interaction wherein African-American subjects (n = 18) assigned to CBT (n = 4) had significantly poorer outcomes than other patients. This is the first study to uncover an ethnicity-by-specific psychotherapy interaction. Its meaning is unclear. This charged topic requires cautious treatment, particularly given the small sample size in this study, but warrants further research.", "publicationTitle": "The Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2000", "volume": "9", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "226-231", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Psychother Pract Res", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11069135", "accessDate": "2011-08-08T14:37:14Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1055-050X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 11069135", "tags": [ { "tag": "Depression", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Ethnic Groups", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "HIV Seropositivity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Mental Disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Psychotherapy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Random Allocation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Severity of Illness Index", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sex Factors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Treatment Outcome", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-08-08T14:37:14Z", "dateModified": "2011-08-08T14:37:14Z" } }, { "key": "Q6XQAIPR", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50083, "name": "IPT GU-Moderators", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50083/items/Q6XQAIPR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators/items/Q6XQAIPR", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 660554, "username": "jhamadani", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jhamadani", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Carroll et al.", "parsedDate": "1991-09", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "Q6XQAIPR", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A comparative trial of psychotherapies for ambulatory cocaine abusers: relapse prevention and interpersonal psychotherapy", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K M", "lastName": "Carroll" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B J", "lastName": "Rounsaville" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "F H", "lastName": "Gawin" } ], "abstractNote": "Despite the widespread use of psychotherapy as treatment for cocaine abuse, the effectiveness of psychotherapy has not been explored through clinical trials. Forty-two outpatients who met DSM-III criteria for cocaine abuse were randomly assigned to one of two forms of purely psychotherapeutic treatments of cocaine abuse, either relapse prevention (RPT) or interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT). Subjects assigned to relapse prevention were more likely than subjects in IPT to attain three or more continuous weeks of abstinence (57 versus 33%), be classified as recovered at the point of treatment termination (43 versus 19%), and complete treatment (67 versus 38%). Whereas these differences did not reach statistical significance, significant differences by treatment group did emerge when subjects were stratified by severity of substance use: Among the subgroup of more severe users, subjects who received RPT were significantly more likely to achieve abstinence (54 versus 9%) and be classified as recovered (54 versus 0%). Among the subgroups of subjects with lower severity of substance abuse, outcome was comparable for both treatment types. Comparison of results from this investigation with historical controls from a structurally similar pharmacotherapy trial suggests that purely psychotherapeutic treatments may be both viable and effective approaches for many ambulatory cocaine abusers.", "publicationTitle": "The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Sep 1991", "volume": "17", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "229-247", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1928019", "accessDate": "2011-07-20T19:49:53Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0095-2990", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "A comparative trial of psychotherapies for ambulatory cocaine abusers", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 1928019", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adolescent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Ambulatory Care", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cocaine", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Combined Modality Therapy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Patient Dropouts", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Personality Assessment", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Psychotherapy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Recurrence", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Substance-Related Disorders", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-20T19:49:53Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-20T19:49:53Z" } }, { "key": "4S7QMXCA", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50083, "name": "IPT GU-Moderators", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50083/items/4S7QMXCA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators/items/4S7QMXCA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 660554, "username": "jhamadani", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jhamadani", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Mollica et al.", "parsedDate": "1999-08-04", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "4S7QMXCA", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Disability associated with psychiatric comorbidity and health status in Bosnian refugees living in Croatia", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R F", "lastName": "Mollica" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K", "lastName": "McInnes" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N", "lastName": "Sarajlić" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J", "lastName": "Lavelle" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "I", "lastName": "Sarajlić" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M P", "lastName": "Massagli" } ], "abstractNote": "CONTEXT The relationship between psychiatric symptoms and disability in refugee survivors of mass violence is not known. OBJECTIVE To determine if risk factors, such as demographics, trauma, health status, and psychiatric illness, are associated with disability in Bosnian refugees. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Cross-sectional survey conducted in 1996 of Bosnian refugee adults living in a camp established by the Croatian government near the city of Varazdin. One adult aged 18 years or older was randomly selected from each of 573 camp families; 534 (93%) agreed to participate (mean age, 50 years; 41% male). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Culturally validated measures for depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) included the Hopkins Symptom Checklist 25 and the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, respectively. Disability measures included the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 20, a physical functioning scale based on World Health Organization criteria, and self-reports of socioeconomic activity, levels of physical energy, and perceived health status. RESULTS Respondents reported a mean (SD) of 6.5 (4.7) unduplicated trauma events; 18% (n=95) had experienced 1 or more torture events. While 55.2% reported no psychiatric symptoms, 39.2% and 26.3% reported symptoms that meet DSM-IV criteria for depression and PTSD, respectively; 20.6% reported symptoms comorbid for both disorders. A total of 25.5% reported having a disability. Refugees who reported symptoms comorbid for both depression and PTSD were associated with an increased risk for disability compared with asymptomatic refugees (unadjusted odds ratio [OR], 5.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.05-8.26; adjusted OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.10-3.86). Older age, cumulative trauma, and chronic medical illness were also associated with disability. CONCLUSIONS In a population of Bosnian refugees who had recently fled from the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, psychiatric comorbidity was associated with disability independent of the effects of age, trauma, and health status.", "publicationTitle": "JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Aug 4, 1999", "volume": "282", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "433-439", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "JAMA", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10442658", "accessDate": "2011-07-20T17:14:05Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0098-7484", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 10442658", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Bosnia-Herzegovina", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Chronic Disease", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Comorbidity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Croatia", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cross-Sectional Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Depression", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Disabled Persons", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Health Status", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Logistic Models", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Mental Disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Refugees", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Risk Factors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Survivors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Torture", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Violence", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "War", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-20T17:14:05Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-20T17:14:05Z" } }, { "key": "MNMNBZU6", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50083, "name": "IPT GU-Moderators", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50083/items/MNMNBZU6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators/items/MNMNBZU6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 660554, "username": "jhamadani", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jhamadani", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bolton and Tang", "parsedDate": "2002-11", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "MNMNBZU6", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "An alternative approach to cross-cultural function assessment", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Paul", "lastName": "Bolton" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alice M", "lastName": "Tang" } ], "abstractNote": "BACKGROUND This paper describes our work to create and validate a new method for cross-cultural and sex-specific function assessment that avoids the major problems with existing methods. METHODS We used free listing to learn about tasks important to local people. Community-specific function questionnaires based on these tasks were then created and used in community-based surveys. The survey results were used to assess the questionnaires' internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha), combined test-retest and across-interviewer reliability using repeat interviews, and (in Uganda) criterion validity by comparing assessment by self to assessments by cohabiting adults. RESULTS Field trials of this approach were conducted in rural Rwanda and Uganda. Differences between tasks identified by free listing were greater between sexes than sites. Cronbach's alphas for male and female questionnaires were respectively 0.815 and 0.822 in Rwanda and 0.886 and 0.881 in Uganda. Pearson correlations for combined test-retest and across-interviewer reliability were respectively 0.469 and 0.640 for Rwandan men and women and 0.797 and 0.871 in Uganda. Correlation between self-assessment and cohabiting adults was 0.904. CONCLUSIONS We have developed an alternative to the existing approach of adapting western function instruments to other cultures and situations. The field trials have demonstrated that this approach is rapid, feasible and can yield valid and reliable instruments. Developing instruments locally avoids the problems of limited local relevance and appropriateness associated with adapting western instruments. Although each instrument created in this way is culturally bound, they are \"cross-cultural\" in the sense that each refers to the tasks most important to local people. This approach should prove useful for both researchers and aid agencies working in non-western countries.", "publicationTitle": "Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Nov 2002", "volume": "37", "issue": "11", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "537-543", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol", "DOI": "10.1007/s00127-002-0580-5", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12395144", "accessDate": "2011-07-20T17:09:35Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0933-7954", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 12395144", "tags": [ { "tag": "Cross-Cultural Comparison", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Culture", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Depressive Disorder", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Feasibility Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Prevalence", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Questionnaires", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Reproducibility of Results", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Rwanda", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sexual Behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Social Perception", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Uganda", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-20T17:09:35Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-20T17:09:35Z" } }, { "key": "CTSU4P59", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50083, "name": "IPT GU-Moderators", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50083/items/CTSU4P59", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators/items/CTSU4P59", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 660554, "username": "jhamadani", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jhamadani", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bolton", "parsedDate": "2001-04", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "CTSU4P59", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Cross-cultural validity and reliability testing of a standard psychiatric assessment instrument without a gold standard", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P", "lastName": "Bolton" } ], "abstractNote": "The objective of this study was to assess the cross-culture validity and reliability of a standard psychiatric assessment instrument without the usual \"gold standards.\" Normally criterion validity testing requires comparison with such a standard--usually another instrument or a professional diagnosis. Instead local informants identified persons with and without \"agahinda gakabije\" (a locally described grief syndrome) who were then asked if they thought they had this syndrome and also interviewed using the depression section of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (DHSCL). To assess criterion validity, interviews where respondent and informant agreed on the presence or absence of agahinda gakabije were compared with depression diagnosis using the DHSCL. We also assessed construct validity (using factor analysis), internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha), and test-retest reliability using results from a subsequent community-based survey employing the DHSCL. We found a similar relationship between depression and agahinda gakabije as between depression and grief in western countries, which supports criterion validity. Construct validity and internal reliability were good (Cronbach's alpha = 0.87). Test-retest reliability of a DHSCL-based scale was less adequate (0.67). Although not replacing the usual gold standards for testing criterion validity, this approach may prove useful where these standards are unavailable. As this includes much of the developing world, this could result in more accurate mental health assessments among populations for whom this has hitherto not been possible.", "publicationTitle": "The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Apr 2001", "volume": "189", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "238-242", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J. Nerv. Ment. Dis", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11339319", "accessDate": "2011-07-20T17:08:24Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0022-3018", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 11339319", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Anthropology, Cultural", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cross-Cultural Comparison", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Depressive Disorder", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Factor Analysis, Statistical", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Health Services Needs and Demand", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Homicide", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Life Change Events", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Medicine, Traditional", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Personality Inventory", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Psychometrics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Reproducibility of Results", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Rwanda", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sampling Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sensitivity and Specificity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sex Factors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-20T17:08:24Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-20T17:08:24Z" } }, { "key": "4D2DRRD7", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50083, "name": "IPT GU-Moderators", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50083/items/4D2DRRD7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators/items/4D2DRRD7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 660554, "username": "jhamadani", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jhamadani", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Derogatis et al.", "parsedDate": "1974-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "4D2DRRD7", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL): a self-report symptom inventory", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L R", "lastName": "Derogatis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R S", "lastName": "Lipman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K", "lastName": "Rickels" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E H", "lastName": "Uhlenhuth" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L", "lastName": "Covi" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Behavioral Science", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Jan 1974", "volume": "19", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1-15", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Behav Sci", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4808738", "accessDate": "2011-07-20T17:07:10Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0005-7940", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL)", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 4808738", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Antidepressive Agents", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Anxiety Disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Depression", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Diagnosis, Differential", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Interview, Psychological", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Mental Disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Outpatient Clinics, Hospital", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Personality Assessment", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Personality Inventory", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Remission, Spontaneous", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Research", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Self Concept", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Tranquilizing Agents", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-20T17:07:10Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-20T17:07:10Z" } }, { "key": "CPH7PHH4", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50083, "name": "IPT GU-Moderators", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50083/items/CPH7PHH4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators/items/CPH7PHH4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 660554, "username": "jhamadani", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jhamadani", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bolton et al.", "parsedDate": "2002-09", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "CPH7PHH4", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Prevalence of depression in rural Rwanda based on symptom and functional criteria", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Paul", "lastName": "Bolton" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Richard", "lastName": "Neugebauer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lincoln", "lastName": "Ndogoni" } ], "abstractNote": "The authors' objective was to estimate the prevalence of major depressive disorder among Rwandans 5 years after the 1994 genocidal civil war. They interviewed a community-based random sample of adults in a rural part of Rwanda using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist and a locally developed functional impairment instrument. The authors estimated current rates of major depression using an algorithm based on the DSM-IV symptom criteria (A), distress/functional impairment criteria (C), and bereavement exclusionary criteria (E). They also examined the degree to which depressive symptoms compromise social and occupational functioning. Three hundred sixty-eight adults were interviewed, of whom 15.5% met Criteria A, C, and E for current major depression. Depressive symptoms were strongly associated with functional impairment in most major roles for men and women. The authors conclude that a significant part of this population has seriously disabling depression. Work on appropriate, feasible, safe, and effective mental health interventions should be a priority for this population.", "publicationTitle": "The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Sep 2002", "volume": "190", "issue": "9", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "631-637", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J. Nerv. Ment. Dis", "DOI": "10.1097/01.NMD.0000030568.45847.AE", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12357098", "accessDate": "2011-07-20T16:52:55Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0022-3018", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 12357098", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adaptation, Psychological", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Depressive Disorder", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Health Surveys", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Homicide", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Prevalence", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Rural Health", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Rwanda", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sex Factors", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-20T16:52:55Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-20T16:52:55Z" } }, { "key": "TCVDFXKQ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50083, "name": "IPT GU-Moderators", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50083/items/TCVDFXKQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators/items/TCVDFXKQ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 660554, "username": "jhamadani", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jhamadani", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Patel et al.", "parsedDate": "2004-05", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "TCVDFXKQ", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Treating depression in the developing world", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Vikram", "lastName": "Patel" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ricardo", "lastName": "Araya" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Paul", "lastName": "Bolton" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Tropical Medicine & International Health: TM & IH", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 2004", "volume": "9", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "539-541", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Trop. Med. Int. Health", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1365-3156.2004.01243.x", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15117296", "accessDate": "2011-07-20T16:49:29Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1360-2276", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 15117296", "tags": [ { "tag": "Depressive Disorder", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Developing Countries", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Health Policy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Mental Health Services", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-20T16:49:29Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-20T16:49:29Z" } }, { "key": "NKFATN3P", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50083, "name": "IPT GU-Moderators", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50083/items/NKFATN3P", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators/items/NKFATN3P", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 660554, "username": "jhamadani", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jhamadani", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bolton et al.", "parsedDate": "2004-06", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "NKFATN3P", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Assessment of depression prevalence in rural Uganda using symptom and function criteria", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Paul", "lastName": "Bolton" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christopher M", "lastName": "Wilk" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lincoln", "lastName": "Ndogoni" } ], "abstractNote": "BACKGROUND We sought to assess the prevalence of major depression in a region of sub-Saharan Africa severely affected by HIV, using symptom and functional criteria as measured with locally validated instruments. METHOD Six hundred homes in the Masaka and Rakai districts of southwest Uganda were selected by weighted systematic random sampling. A locally validated version of the depression section of the Hopkins Symptom Check List (DHSCL) and a community-generated index of functional impairment were used to interview 587 respondents. RESULTS Of respondents, 21% were diagnosed with depression using three of the five DSM-IV criteria (including function impairment) compared with 24.4% using symptom criteria alone. Increased age and lower educational levels are associated with a greater risk for depression; however, a gender effect was not detected. CONCLUSIONS Most community-based assessments of depression in sub-Saharan Africa based on the DSM-IV have used symptom criteria only. We found that expanding criteria to more closely match the complete DSM-IV is feasible, thereby making more accurate assessments of prevalence possible. This approach suggests that major depression and associated functional impairment are a substantial problem in this population.", "publicationTitle": "Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Jun 2004", "volume": "39", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "442-447", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol", "DOI": "10.1007/s00127-004-0763-3", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15205728", "accessDate": "2011-07-20T16:46:00Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0933-7954", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 15205728", "tags": [ { "tag": "Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Comorbidity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Depressive Disorder, Major", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "HIV Infections", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Prevalence", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Questionnaires", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Reproducibility of Results", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Rural Population", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Uganda", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-20T16:46:00Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-20T16:46:00Z" } }, { "key": "EDFVRJZH", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50083, "name": "IPT GU-Moderators", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50083/items/EDFVRJZH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators/items/EDFVRJZH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 660554, "username": "jhamadani", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jhamadani", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lara et al.", "parsedDate": "2003-03", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "EDFVRJZH", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Two levels of intervention in low-income women with depressive symptoms: compliance and programme assessment", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M A", "lastName": "Lara" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C", "lastName": "Navarro" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N A", "lastName": "Rubí" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L", "lastName": "Mondragón" } ], "abstractNote": "AIMS This study reports on the evaluation of a brief group intervention for women of limited means with depressive symptoms. METHOD A comparison design was used with pre-, post- and four-month follow-up assessments for 93 women in the group intervention condition who were given six two-hour sessions of psycho-educational intervention, and 42 women in a minimum individual condition who received a 20-minute explanation in addition to the educational material, which yielded the following results. RESULTS Both conditions were effective in motivating participants to engage in self-help activities (making time for themselves every week, using writing as a means of sorting out problems, talking to someone about their problems and carrying out the reflection and cognitive behavioural exercises) and to seek further professional help when necessary. The intervention condition was more positively evaluated since participants regarded it as having a greater influence on their life and problems. Influence was related to better understanding and coping with problems, mood improvement, changes in the way they thought about things, knowing themselves better and being more accepting of themselves. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that both interventions tackle important issues related to depression in women but further data are needed for a better understanding of this relationship.", "publicationTitle": "The International Journal of Social Psychiatry", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Mar 2003", "volume": "49", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "43-57", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Int J Soc Psychiatry", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12793515", "accessDate": "2011-07-20T16:29:22Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0020-7640", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Two levels of intervention in low-income women with depressive symptoms", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 12793515", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Depression", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Motivation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Patient Compliance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Patient Education as Topic", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Poverty", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Program Evaluation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Psychotherapy, Brief", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Psychotherapy, Group", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Self Care", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Treatment Outcome", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-20T16:29:22Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-20T16:29:22Z" } }, { "key": "4QXGR9I6", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50083, "name": "IPT GU-Moderators", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50083/items/4QXGR9I6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators/items/4QXGR9I6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 660554, "username": "jhamadani", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jhamadani", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bolton et al.", "parsedDate": "2007-08-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "4QXGR9I6", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Interventions for depression symptoms among adolescent survivors of war and displacement in northern Uganda: a randomized controlled trial", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Paul", "lastName": "Bolton" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Judith", "lastName": "Bass" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Theresa", "lastName": "Betancourt" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Liesbeth", "lastName": "Speelman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Grace", "lastName": "Onyango" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kathleen F", "lastName": "Clougherty" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Richard", "lastName": "Neugebauer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Laura", "lastName": "Murray" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Helen", "lastName": "Verdeli" } ], "abstractNote": "CONTEXT Prior qualitative work with internally displaced persons in war-affected northern Uganda showed significant mental health and psychosocial problems. OBJECTIVE To assess effect of locally feasible interventions on depression, anxiety, and conduct problem symptoms among adolescent survivors of war and displacement in northern Uganda. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A randomized controlled trial from May 2005 through December 2005 of 314 adolescents (aged 14-17 years) in 2 camps for internally displaced persons in northern Uganda. INTERVENTIONS Locally developed screening tools assessed the effectiveness of interventions in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety, ameliorating conduct problems, and improving function among those who met study criteria and were randomly allocated (105, psychotherapy-based intervention [group interpersonal psychotherapy]; 105, activity-based intervention [creative play]; 104, wait-control group [individuals wait listed to receive treatment at study end]). Intervention groups met weekly for 16 weeks. Participants and controls were reassessed at end of study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary measure was a decrease in score (denoting improvement) on a depression symptom scale. Secondary measures were improvements in scores on anxiety, conduct problem symptoms, and function scales. Depression, anxiety, and conduct problems were assessed using the Acholi Psychosocial Assessment Instrument with a minimum score of 32 as the lower limit for clinically significant symptoms (maximum scale score, 105). RESULTS Difference in change in adjusted mean score for depression symptoms between group interpersonal psychotherapy and control groups was 9.79 points (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.66-17.93). Girls receiving group interpersonal psychotherapy showed substantial and significant improvement in depression symptoms compared with controls (12.61 points; 95% CI, 2.09-23.14). Improvement among boys was not statistically significant (5.72 points; 95% CI, -1.86 to 13.30). Creative play showed no effect on depression severity (-2.51 points; 95% CI, -11.42 to 6.39). There were no statistically different improvements in anxiety in either intervention group. Neither intervention improved conduct problem or function scores. CONCLUSIONS Both interventions were locally feasible. Group interpersonal psychotherapy was effective for depression symptoms among adolescent girls affected by war and displacement. Other interventions should be investigated to assist adolescent boys in this population who have symptoms of depression. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00280319.", "publicationTitle": "JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Aug 1, 2007", "volume": "298", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "519-527", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "JAMA", "DOI": "10.1001/jama.298.5.519", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17666672", "accessDate": "2011-07-20T16:25:28Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1538-3598", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Interventions for depression symptoms among adolescent survivors of war and displacement in northern Uganda", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 17666672", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adolescent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Anxiety", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Conduct Disorder", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Depression", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Play Therapy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Psychotherapy, Group", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Stress, Psychological", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Survivors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Uganda", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "War", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-20T16:25:28Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-20T16:25:28Z" } }, { "key": "ATKDBM8H", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50083, "name": "IPT GU-Moderators", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50083/items/ATKDBM8H", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators/items/ATKDBM8H", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 660554, "username": "jhamadani", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jhamadani", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Araya et al.", "parsedDate": "2003-03-22", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ATKDBM8H", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Treating depression in primary care in low-income women in Santiago, Chile: a randomised controlled trial", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ricardo", "lastName": "Araya" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Graciela", "lastName": "Rojas" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rosemarie", "lastName": "Fritsch" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jorge", "lastName": "Gaete" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Maritza", "lastName": "Rojas" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Greg", "lastName": "Simon" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tim J", "lastName": "Peters" } ], "abstractNote": "BACKGROUND Depression in women is one of the commonest problems encountered in primary care. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of a stepped-care programme with usual care in primary-care management of depression in low-income women in Santiago, Chile. METHODS In a randomised controlled trial, in three primary-care clinics in Chile, 240 adult female primary-care patients with major depression were allocated stepped care or usual care. Stepped care was a 3-month, multicomponent intervention led by a non-medical health worker, which included a psychoeducational group intervention, structured and systematic follow-up, and drug treatment for patients with severe depression. Data were analysed on an intention-to-treat basis. The primary outcome measure was the Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS) administered at baseline and at 3 and 6 months after randomisation. FINDINGS About 90% of randomised patients completed outcome assessments. There was a substantial between-group difference in all outcome measures in favour of the stepped-care programme. The adjusted difference in mean HDRS score between the groups was -8.89 (95% CI -11.15 to -6.76; p<0.0001). At 6-months' follow-up, 70% (60-79) of the stepped-care compared with 30% (21-40) of the usual-care group had recovered (HDRS score <8). INTERPRETATION Despite few resources and marked deprivation, women with major depression responded well to a structured, stepped-care treatment programme, which is being introduced across Chile. Socially disadvantaged patients might gain the most from systematic improvements in treatment of depression.", "publicationTitle": "Lancet", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Mar 22, 2003", "volume": "361", "issue": "9362", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "995-1000", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Lancet", "DOI": "10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12825-5", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12660056", "accessDate": "2011-07-20T16:20:33Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0140-6736", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Treating depression in primary care in low-income women in Santiago, Chile", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 12660056", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Ambulatory Care Facilities", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Chile", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Depressive Disorder", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Poverty", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Psychotherapy, Brief", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Psychotherapy, Group", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Questionnaires", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Treatment Outcome", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-20T16:20:33Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-20T16:20:33Z" } }, { "key": "Z3NDV9TP", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50083, "name": "IPT GU-Moderators", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50083/items/Z3NDV9TP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators/items/Z3NDV9TP", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 660554, "username": "jhamadani", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jhamadani", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ali et al.", "parsedDate": "2003", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "Z3NDV9TP", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The effectiveness of counseling on anxiety and depression by minimally trained counselors: a randomized controlled trial", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Badar Sabir", "lastName": "Ali" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mohammad H", "lastName": "Rahbar" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Shifa", "lastName": "Naeem" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Asma", "lastName": "Gul" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sanober", "lastName": "Mubeen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Aliya", "lastName": "Iqbal" } ], "abstractNote": "OBJECTIVE To assess if eight counseling sessions conducted by women minimally trained as community counselors could reduce the mean level of anxiety and/or depression in women of their own community. DESIGN A randomized controlled trial. SETTING A lower-middle-class, semi-urban community in Karachi, Pakistan. PARTICIPANTS 366 anxious and/or depressed women providing informed consent. METHOD Through systematic sampling, 1226 women were screened using an indigenous instrument. Out of these, 366 women were found to have anxiety and/or depression and were randomized to intervention and control groups. Women from the same community were trained in 11 sessions as counselors. Subjects in the intervention group were counseled once weekly for eight weeks by the trained community counselors. After the 8th session, the screening questionnaire was re-administered to both the groups. RESULTS A significant reduction was found between the mean anxiety and depression scores of the two groups (p value = 0.000). CONCLUSION Counseling by minimally trained community counselors reduced levels of anxiety and/or depression in women of their own community.", "publicationTitle": "American Journal of Psychotherapy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2003", "volume": "57", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "324-336", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Am J Psychother", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12961817", "accessDate": "2011-07-20T16:18:58Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0002-9564", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The effectiveness of counseling on anxiety and depression by minimally trained counselors", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 12961817", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Anxiety", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Counseling", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Depression", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Education", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Interpersonal Relations", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Pakistan", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Poverty", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Professional Competence", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Treatment Outcome", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Women's Health", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-20T16:18:58Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-20T16:18:58Z" } }, { "key": "67M7R2A6", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50083, "name": "IPT GU-Moderators", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50083/items/67M7R2A6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators/items/67M7R2A6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 660554, "username": "jhamadani", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jhamadani", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Patel and Kim", "parsedDate": "2007-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "67M7R2A6", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Contribution of low- and middle-income countries to research published in leading general psychiatry journals, 2002-2004", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Vikram", "lastName": "Patel" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Youl-Ri", "lastName": "Kim" } ], "abstractNote": "We aimed to describe the contribution of low- and middle-income (LAMI) countries to leading general psychiatric journals. We reviewed original research published over a 3-year period (2002-2004) in the six highest-impact general psychiatry journals and contacted editorial offices to gather data on country of origin of submitted and accepted articles. Only 3.7% of published research emerges from these less affluent countries, which account for over 80% of the global population. Compared with the findings of a similar review of the period 1996-1998, there has been little change. The three European journals had a higher representation than the three American journals. The proportion of psychiatrists in a country was associated with that country's research output. As much as 50% of the research from LAMI countries is led by authors from high-income countries. The proportion of submissions from LAMI countries was very low, and articles from them were more frequently rejected. Strengthening the research capacity of these countries and reviewing the editorial policies of leading journals can help increase the international representation of LAMI countries in psychiatric research.", "publicationTitle": "The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Jan 2007", "volume": "190", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "77-78", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Br J Psychiatry", "DOI": "10.1192/bjp.bp.106.025692", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17197661", "accessDate": "2011-07-20T16:14:48Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0007-1250", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 17197661", "tags": [ { "tag": "Bibliometrics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Developed Countries", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Developing Countries", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Periodicals as Topic", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Psychiatry", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Publishing", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Research", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-20T16:14:48Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-20T16:14:48Z" } }, { "key": "A3JA22JW", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50083, "name": "IPT GU-Moderators", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50083/items/A3JA22JW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators/items/A3JA22JW", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 660554, "username": "jhamadani", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jhamadani", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kraemer et al.", "parsedDate": "2006-09-13", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "A3JA22JW", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Moderators of treatment outcomes: clinical, research, and policy importance", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Helena C", "lastName": "Kraemer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ellen", "lastName": "Frank" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David J", "lastName": "Kupfer" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Sep 13, 2006", "volume": "296", "issue": "10", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1286-1289", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "JAMA", "DOI": "10.1001/jama.296.10.1286", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16968853", "accessDate": "2011-07-20T16:00:55Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1538-3598", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Moderators of treatment outcomes", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 16968853", "tags": [ { "tag": "Data Interpretation, Statistical", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Treatment Outcome", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-20T16:00:55Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-20T16:00:55Z" } }, { "key": "2UNQPXKE", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50083, "name": "IPT GU-Moderators", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50083/items/2UNQPXKE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ipt_gu-moderators/items/2UNQPXKE", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 660554, "username": "jhamadani", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jhamadani", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kraemer et al.", "parsedDate": "2002-10", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "2UNQPXKE", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Mediators and moderators of treatment effects in randomized clinical trials", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Helena Chmura", "lastName": "Kraemer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G Terence", "lastName": "Wilson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christopher G", "lastName": "Fairburn" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "W Stewart", "lastName": "Agras" } ], "abstractNote": "Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) not only are the gold standard for evaluating the efficacy and effectiveness of psychiatric treatments but also can be valuable in revealing moderators and mediators of therapeutic change. Conceptually, moderators identify on whom and under what circumstances treatments have different effects. Mediators identify why and how treatments have effects. We describe an analytic framework to identify and distinguish between moderators and mediators in RCTs when outcomes are measured dimensionally. Rapid progress in identifying the most effective treatments and understanding on whom treatments work and do not work and why treatments work or do not work depends on efforts to identify moderators and mediators of treatment outcome. We recommend that RCTs routinely include and report such analyses.", "publicationTitle": "Archives of General Psychiatry", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Oct 2002", "volume": "59", "issue": "10", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "877-883", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Arch. Gen. Psychiatry", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12365874", "accessDate": "2011-07-20T16:00:25Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0003-990X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 12365874", "tags": [ { "tag": "Clinical Protocols", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cognitive Therapy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Depressive Disorder", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Effect Modifiers (Epidemiology)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Models, Statistical", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Outcome Assessment (Health Care)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Patient Selection", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Treatment Outcome", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-20T16:00:25Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-20T16:00:25Z" } } ]