[ { "key": "QDCIIBFR", "version": 83, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50077, "name": "Homophily paper", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50077/items/QDCIIBFR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper/items/QDCIIBFR", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50077/items/7FD9EKCT", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 262365, "username": "karineb", "name": "Karine Nahon", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/karineb", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "QDCIIBFR", "version": 83, "parentItem": "7FD9EKCT", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2014-06-13T14:56:44Z", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2202/1944-2866.1076/abstract", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "abstract.html", "md5": "42f75803d57ce5bcf80604d83aee7406", "mtime": 1402671978000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-13T15:06:18Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-13T15:06:18Z" } }, { "key": "RW523NFR", "version": 83, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50077, "name": "Homophily paper", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50077/items/RW523NFR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper/items/RW523NFR", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50077/items/7FD9EKCT", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 262365, "username": "karineb", "name": "Karine Nahon", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/karineb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "RW523NFR", "version": 83, "parentItem": "7FD9EKCT", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2014-06-13T14:56:36Z", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.2202/1944-2866.1076/asset/1944-2866.1076.pdf?v=1&t=hwdmbz89&s=b61c9c9853c99ffa91c44db049cdba58cdb47232", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Bannister and Connolly - 2011 - The Trouble with Transparency A Critical Review o.pdf", "md5": "0dc66017ccc0b7ae4dc1d33f4361638e", "mtime": 1402671978000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-13T15:06:18Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-13T15:06:18Z" } }, { "key": "975QD4GH", "version": 82, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50077, "name": "Homophily paper", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50077/items/975QD4GH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper/items/975QD4GH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 262365, "username": "karineb", "name": "Karine Nahon", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/karineb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Peled", "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "975QD4GH", "version": 82, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "When Transparency and Collaboration Collide: The USA Open Data Program", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alon", "lastName": "Peled" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Journal of American Society for Information Science and Technology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2011", "volume": "62", "issue": "11", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "2085-2094", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-13T15:06:18Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-13T15:06:18Z" } }, { "key": "NWXHVWZW", "version": 82, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50077, "name": "Homophily paper", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50077/items/NWXHVWZW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper/items/NWXHVWZW", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 262365, "username": "karineb", "name": "Karine Nahon", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/karineb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Yu and Robinson", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "NWXHVWZW", "version": 82, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The New Ambiguity of \"Open Government\"", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Harlan", "lastName": "Yu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robinson", "lastName": "Robinson" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Princeton CITP/Yale ISP Working Paper", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-13T15:06:18Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-13T15:06:18Z" } }, { "key": "9JFNFPG3", "version": 82, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50077, "name": "Homophily paper", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50077/items/9JFNFPG3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper/items/9JFNFPG3", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 262365, "username": "karineb", "name": "Karine Nahon", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/karineb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Janssen et al.", "parsedDate": "2012-09", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "9JFNFPG3", "version": 82, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Benefits, Adoption Barriers and Myths of Open Data and Open Government", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marijn", "lastName": "Janssen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Yannis", "lastName": "Charalabidis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Anneke", "lastName": "Zuiderwijk" } ], "abstractNote": "In this article, based on data collected through interviews and a workshop, the benefits and adoption barriers for open data have been derived. The results suggest that a conceptually simplistic view is often adopted with regard to open data, which automat- ically correlates the publicizing of data with use and benefits. Also, five “myths” concerning open data are presented, which place the expectations within a realistic perspective. Further, the recommendation is provided that such projects should take a user’s view.", "publicationTitle": "Information Systems Management", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "September 2012", "volume": "29", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "258–268", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1080/10580530.2012.716740", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10580530.2012.716740", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1058-0530", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "0002", "rights": "", "extra": "candidate for coding", "tags": [ { "tag": "adoption", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "diffusion", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "governance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "institutional theory", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "open data", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "open government", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "systems theory", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "transformation", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-13T15:06:18Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-13T15:06:18Z" } }, { "key": "63UMEUN6", "version": 82, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50077, "name": "Homophily paper", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50077/items/63UMEUN6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper/items/63UMEUN6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 262365, "username": "karineb", "name": "Karine Nahon", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/karineb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Barry and Bannister", "parsedDate": "2013-09-09", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "63UMEUN6", "version": 82, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "Barriers to Open Data Release: A View from the Top", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Emily", "lastName": "Barry" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Frank", "lastName": "Bannister" } ], "abstractNote": "", "proceedingsTitle": "", "conferenceName": "European Group for Public Administration", "publisher": "The University of Edinburgh", "place": "Edinburgh", "date": "9. September 2013", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://www.scss.tcd.ie/disciplines/information_systems/egpa/docs/2013/BarryBannister.pdf", "accessDate": "2013-12-09", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-13T15:06:18Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-13T15:06:18Z" } }, { "key": "7FD9EKCT", "version": 82, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50077, "name": "Homophily paper", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50077/items/7FD9EKCT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper/items/7FD9EKCT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 262365, "username": "karineb", "name": "Karine Nahon", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/karineb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bannister and Connolly", "parsedDate": "2011-02-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "7FD9EKCT", "version": 82, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Trouble with Transparency: A Critical Review of Openness in e-Government", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Frank", "lastName": "Bannister" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Regina", "lastName": "Connolly" } ], "abstractNote": "Transparency in public administration is generally held to be desirable, something to be fostered and enabled. This long standing idea has gained considerable further momentum with the emergence of e-government and the affordances of computing in general and the Internet in particular. This paper examines the argument that transparency may, in certain and not uncommon circumstances, be inimical to good government and good governance and suggests that the importance of understanding why this is so has increased as information and communications technology permeates government and society. It suggests that in an electronic age, the scope and nature of transparency needs to be carefully managed, and that expectations of the benefits of ICT enabled transparency may be too high.", "publicationTitle": "Policy & Internet", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "February 1, 2011", "volume": "3", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1-30", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.2202/1944-2866.1076", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2202/1944-2866.1076/abstract", "accessDate": "2014-06-13T14:56:36Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1944-2866", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The Trouble with Transparency", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "2011 Policy Studies Organization", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "e-government", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "e-transparency", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "policy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "transparency", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "trust", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-06-13T15:06:18Z", "dateModified": "2014-06-13T15:06:18Z" } }, { "key": "JCBG58R2", "version": 81, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50077, "name": "Homophily paper", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50077/items/JCBG58R2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper/items/JCBG58R2", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 262365, "username": "karineb", "name": "Karine Nahon", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/karineb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 137153, "username": "jhemsley", "name": "Jeff Hemsley", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jhemsley", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lazarsfeld and Merton", "parsedDate": "1954", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "JCBG58R2", "version": 81, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "Friendship as a social process: a substantive and methodological analysis", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Paul", "lastName": "Lazarsfeld" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert", "lastName": "Merton" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Berger" } ], "abstractNote": "", "bookTitle": "Freedom and Control in Modern Societies", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "18", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "1954", "publisher": "Van Nostrand", "place": "New York", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "18 - 66", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-09-13T17:55:43Z", "dateModified": "2014-03-26T15:26:41Z" } }, { "key": "IARTVWZ3", "version": 79, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50077, "name": "Homophily paper", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50077/items/IARTVWZ3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper/items/IARTVWZ3", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 137153, "username": "jhemsley", "name": "Jeff Hemsley", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jhemsley", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Rainie et al.", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "IARTVWZ3", "version": 79, "itemType": "book", "title": "Networked: The new social operating system", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Harrison", "lastName": "Rainie" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lee", "lastName": "Rainie" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Barry", "lastName": "Wellman" } ], "abstractNote": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2012", "publisher": "The MIT Press", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "", "ISBN": "0262017199", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-11-20T21:56:30Z", "dateModified": "2013-11-20T21:56:30Z" } }, { "key": "TATQQC6F", "version": 78, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50077, "name": "Homophily paper", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50077/items/TATQQC6F", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper/items/TATQQC6F", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 262365, "username": "karineb", "name": "Karine Nahon", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/karineb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Castells", "parsedDate": "2009", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "TATQQC6F", "version": 78, "itemType": "book", "title": "Communication power", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Manuel", "lastName": "Castells" } ], "abstractNote": "\"We live in the midst of a revolution in communication technologies that affects the ways people feel, think, and behave. The media have become the space where power strategies are played out. In the current technological context mass communication goes beyond traditional media and includes the Internet and mobile communication.\" \"In this book, Manuel Castells analyses the transformation of the global media industry by this revolution in communication technologies. He argues that a new communication system, mass self-communication, has emerged, and power relationships have been profoundly modified by the emergence of this new communication environment. Created in the commons of the Internet this communication can be locally based, but globally connected. It is built through messaging, social networking sites, and blogging, and is now being used by the millions around the world who have access to the Internet.\"--Book jacket.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2009", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "place": "Oxford", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "", "ISBN": "9780199595693 0199595690", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "Open WorldCat", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-09-13T18:43:45Z", "dateModified": "2013-09-13T19:39:45Z" } }, { "key": "WQDCPU3M", "version": 77, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50077, "name": "Homophily paper", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50077/items/WQDCPU3M", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper/items/WQDCPU3M", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50077/items/WXBCWIEK", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 137153, "username": "jhemsley", "name": "Jeff Hemsley", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jhemsley", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "WQDCPU3M", "version": 77, "parentItem": "WXBCWIEK", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Catalyst GradeBook", "accessDate": "2012-01-19T22:01:07Z", "url": "https://catalyst.uw.edu/gradebook/gthay/59078", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "59078.html", "md5": "d66be03985cc2b297a4dda87869eae56", "mtime": 1327010470932, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-09-13T19:34:55Z", "dateModified": "2013-09-13T19:34:55Z" } }, { "key": "WXBCWIEK", "version": 76, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50077, "name": "Homophily paper", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50077/items/WXBCWIEK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper/items/WXBCWIEK", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 137153, "username": "jhemsley", "name": "Jeff Hemsley", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jhemsley", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hemsley and Robert M. Mason", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "WXBCWIEK", "version": 76, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "The Nature of Knowledge in the Social Media Age: Implications for Knowledge Management Models", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jeff", "lastName": "Hemsley" }, { "creatorType": "author", "name": "Robert M. Mason" } ], "abstractNote": "", "proceedingsTitle": "", "conferenceName": "45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS)", "publisher": "", "place": "Wailea, Maui, HI.", "date": "2012", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "2012-01-19T22:01:05Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-09-13T19:34:55Z", "dateModified": "2013-09-13T19:34:55Z" } }, { "key": "F6J7FJCT", "version": 75, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50077, "name": "Homophily paper", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50077/items/F6J7FJCT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper/items/F6J7FJCT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 262365, "username": "karineb", "name": "Karine Nahon", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/karineb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Leccese", "parsedDate": "2009", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "F6J7FJCT", "version": 75, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Online Information Sources of Political Blogs", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Leccese" } ], "abstractNote": "Bloggers claim to be crucial providers of information in American elections and policy debates, usurping the role of mainstream media. This study coded more than 2,000 hypertext links to different sources oil six Widely read political blogs during seven consecutive days. Less than 15% of hyperlinks were to primary sources. Almost half were to mainstream media reports. Thus, political blogs may be comparable to a newspaper comprised of only op-ed pages and opinion columnists. The findings call into question the role of political blogging and raise concerns about how blog readers are learning about public policy and political debates.", "publicationTitle": "Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2009", "volume": "86", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "578-593", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://apps.isiknowledge.com.offcampus.lib.washington.edu/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=Refine&qid=11&SID=3CM7CfD9PKBEgfkpPcJ&page=7&doc=64", "accessDate": "2010-08-28T23:51:40Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1077-6990", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "0001", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-09-13T19:18:58Z", "dateModified": "2013-09-13T19:19:55Z" } }, { "key": "9VV958F5", "version": 74, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50077, "name": "Homophily paper", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50077/items/9VV958F5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper/items/9VV958F5", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50077/items/WBZEXVKH", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 137153, "username": "jhemsley", "name": "Jeff Hemsley", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jhemsley", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "9VV958F5", "version": 74, "parentItem": "WBZEXVKH", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Amazon.com Link", "accessDate": "2010-06-11T19:26:26Z", "url": "http://www.amazon.com/dp/0691138680", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-09-13T19:19:31Z", "dateModified": "2013-09-13T19:19:31Z" } }, { "key": "WBZEXVKH", "version": 74, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50077, "name": "Homophily paper", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50077/items/WBZEXVKH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper/items/WBZEXVKH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 137153, "username": "jhemsley", "name": "Jeff Hemsley", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jhemsley", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hindman", "parsedDate": "2008-10-27", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "WBZEXVKH", "version": 74, "itemType": "book", "title": "The Myth of Digital Democracy", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Matthew", "lastName": "Hindman" } ], "abstractNote": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2008-10-27", "publisher": "Princeton University Press", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "", "ISBN": "0691138680", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Amazon.com", "callNumber": "0000", "rights": "", "extra": "1:T", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-09-13T19:19:31Z", "dateModified": "2013-09-13T19:19:31Z" } }, { "key": "9SIPUQQG", "version": 73, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50077, "name": "Homophily paper", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50077/items/9SIPUQQG", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper/items/9SIPUQQG", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50077/items/F6J7FJCT", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 262365, "username": "karineb", "name": "Karine Nahon", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/karineb", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "9SIPUQQG", "version": 73, "parentItem": "F6J7FJCT", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "ISI Web of Knowledge Snapshot", "accessDate": "2010-08-28T23:51:42Z", "url": "http://apps.isiknowledge.com.offcampus.lib.washington.edu/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=Refine&qid=11&SID=3CM7CfD9PKBEgfkpPcJ&page=7&doc=64", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "full_record.html", "md5": "848bf9267b6d406d493184f8b9e1b4d9", "mtime": 1379099938000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-09-13T19:18:58Z", "dateModified": "2013-09-13T19:18:58Z" } }, { "key": "GS3ESH9V", "version": 70, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50077, "name": "Homophily paper", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50077/items/GS3ESH9V", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper/items/GS3ESH9V", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 262365, "username": "karineb", "name": "Karine Nahon", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/karineb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Wallsten", "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "GS3ESH9V", "version": 70, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "Beyond Agenda Setting: The Role of Political Blogs as Sources in Newspaper Coverage of Government", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kevin", "lastName": "Wallsten" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper contributes to this literature on how \"new media\" is influencing \"old media\" by tracking references to an extensive list of high profile political blogs in stories run by four national print media outlets between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2008. The findings presented here show that although journalists frequently rely on political bloggers to serve as sources in their coverage of politics, they only reference certain political blogs in certain ways on certain kinds of issues. To be more precise, journalists seem to turn to political blogs primarily during national election campaigns and this turn is frequently in the direction of a small number of liberal political blogs - who are referenced more often and more prominently than conservative blogs.", "proceedingsTitle": "2011 44th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS)", "conferenceName": "2011 44th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS)", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2011", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "1-10", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "10.1109/HICSS.2011.80", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Beyond Agenda Setting", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "IEEE Xplore", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Encoding", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Focusing", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Lead", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Media", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Nominations and elections", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Presses", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Web sites", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "blogs", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "government", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "national election campaigns", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "newspaper government coverage", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "political blogs", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "publishing", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-09-13T17:48:57Z", "dateModified": "2013-09-13T19:17:19Z" } }, { "key": "IGGFIVW4", "version": 69, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50077, "name": "Homophily paper", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50077/items/IGGFIVW4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper/items/IGGFIVW4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 262365, "username": "karineb", "name": "Karine Nahon", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/karineb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 137153, "username": "jhemsley", "name": "Jeff Hemsley", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jhemsley", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Wallsten", "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "IGGFIVW4", "version": 69, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Many Sources, One Message: Political Blog Links to Online Videos During the 2008 Campaign", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K.", "lastName": "Wallsten" } ], "abstractNote": "Political bloggers occupy a unique and influential position in determining whether an online political video attracts attention from Internet users, journalists, and politicians. Despite the central role that bloggers play in the process of filtering online videos, however, there have been no systematic empirical studies of the kinds of videos that political bloggers choose to link to on their blogs. Using the data derived from 100 randomly selected political blogs during the last 2 months of the 2008 campaign, this article presents evidence that political bloggers are willing to post videos produced by a diverse array of sources, ranging from highly polished advertisements filmed by interest groups to footage recorded by ordinary citizens using cell phone cameras. Perhaps more importantly, the author finds strong support for the hypothesis that political bloggers will avoid posting videos that challenge their ideological predispositions and, instead, link only to those videos that confirm what they already believe to be true. More specifically, the data presented here show that political bloggers rarely engage in cross-ideological linking and have a strong preference for videos that disparage the actions and statements of their highest-profile political opponents. Political bloggers, in other words, engage in the type of ideologically motivated filtering of online videos that presents readers with a decidedly one-sided and negative view of those who do not share their political beliefs.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Political Marketing", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2011", "volume": "10", "issue": "1-2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "88-114", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1080/15377857.2011.540203", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15377857.2011.540203", "accessDate": "2013-09-13T17:48:13Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1537-7857", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Many Sources, One Message", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Taylor and Francis+NEJM", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-09-13T17:48:13Z", "dateModified": "2013-09-13T19:17:15Z" } }, { "key": "H655499U", "version": 69, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50077, "name": "Homophily paper", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50077/items/H655499U", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper/items/H655499U", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 262365, "username": "karineb", "name": "Karine Nahon", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/karineb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 137153, "username": "jhemsley", "name": "Jeff Hemsley", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jhemsley", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Wallsten", "parsedDate": "2010", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "H655499U", "version": 69, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Yes We Can”: How Online Viewership, Blog Discussion, Campaign Statements, and Mainstream Media Coverage Produced a Viral Video Phenomenon", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K.", "lastName": "Wallsten" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Information Technology & Politics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2010", "volume": "7", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "163-181", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1080/19331681003749030", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/19331681003749030", "accessDate": "2010-06-19T19:31:22Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1933-1681", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "“Yes We Can”", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Informaworld", "callNumber": "0003", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-09-13T17:45:58Z", "dateModified": "2013-09-13T19:17:08Z" } }, { "key": "8QPTMH4S", "version": 71, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50077, "name": "Homophily paper", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50077/items/8QPTMH4S", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper/items/8QPTMH4S", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50077/items/RF82ZURH", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 262365, "username": "karineb", "name": "Karine Nahon", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/karineb", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "8QPTMH4S", "version": 71, "parentItem": "RF82ZURH", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "ACM Snapshot", "accessDate": "2010-06-11T21:46:15Z", "url": "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1388329", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "citation.html", "md5": "9d09df247b38b21fee916de4c225bd2e", "mtime": 1379099693000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-09-13T19:14:52Z", "dateModified": "2013-09-13T19:14:52Z" } }, { "key": "RF82ZURH", "version": 70, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50077, "name": "Homophily paper", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50077/items/RF82ZURH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper/items/RF82ZURH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 262365, "username": "karineb", "name": "Karine Nahon", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/karineb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Barzilai-Nahon", "parsedDate": "2008", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "RF82ZURH", "version": 70, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Toward a theory of network gatekeeping: A framework for exploring information control", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Karine", "lastName": "Barzilai-Nahon" } ], "abstractNote": "Gatekeeping theories have been a popular heuristic for describing information control for years, but none have attained a full theoretical status in the context of networks. This article aims to propose a theory of network gatekeeping comprised of two components: identification and salience. Network gatekeeping identification lays out vocabulary and naming foundations through the identification of gatekeepers, gatekeeping, and gatekeeping mechanisms. Network gatekeeping salience, which is built on the bases of the network identification theory, utilizes this infrastructure to understand relationships among gatekeepers and between gatekeepers and gated, the entity subjected to a gatekeeping process. Network gatekeeping salience", "publicationTitle": "Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2008", "volume": "59", "issue": "9", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1493-1512", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1388329", "accessDate": "2010-06-11T21:46:13Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Toward a theory of network gatekeeping", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ACM", "callNumber": "0013", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "communication patterns", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "gatekeepers", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "information access", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "information theory", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "political aspects", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-09-13T19:14:52Z", "dateModified": "2013-09-13T19:14:52Z" } }, { "key": "I9WAAT3D", "version": 68, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50077, "name": "Homophily paper", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50077/items/I9WAAT3D", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper/items/I9WAAT3D", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 262365, "username": "karineb", "name": "Karine Nahon", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/karineb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "English et al.", "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "I9WAAT3D", "version": 68, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "You Tube-Ification of Political Talk: An Examination of Persuasion Appeals in Viral Videos", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kristin", "lastName": "English" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kaye", "lastName": "Sweetser" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Monica", "lastName": "Ancu" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "American Behavioral Scientist", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2011", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-09-13T18:46:48Z", "dateModified": "2013-09-13T19:14:09Z" } }, { "key": "5S83B2EG", "version": 64, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50077, "name": "Homophily paper", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50077/items/5S83B2EG", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper/items/5S83B2EG", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 262365, "username": "karineb", "name": "Karine Nahon", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/karineb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Benkler", "parsedDate": "2006", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "5S83B2EG", "version": 64, "itemType": "book", "title": "The wealth of networks: how social production transforms markets and freedom", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Yochai", "lastName": "Benkler" } ], "abstractNote": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2006", "publisher": "Yale University Press", "place": "New Haven", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "", "ISBN": "9780300125771 0300125771 9780300110562 0300110561", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The wealth of networks", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "Open WorldCat", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-09-13T17:29:22Z", "dateModified": "2013-09-13T19:05:08Z" } }, { "key": "S8QC5XHV", "version": 62, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50077, "name": "Homophily paper", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50077/items/S8QC5XHV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper/items/S8QC5XHV", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50077/items/DFNZEC6B", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 262365, "username": "karineb", "name": "Karine Nahon", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/karineb", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "S8QC5XHV", "version": 62, "parentItem": "DFNZEC6B", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "HighWire Snapshot", "accessDate": "2011-01-14T22:43:48Z", "url": "http://isr.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/2/3/192", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "windows-1252", "filename": "192.html", "md5": "06e307b0875668f8158a0e7bbe26b94f", "mtime": 1379098560000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-09-13T18:56:00Z", "dateModified": "2013-09-13T18:56:00Z" } }, { "key": "DFNZEC6B", "version": 61, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 50077, "name": "Homophily paper", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/50077/items/DFNZEC6B", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/homophily_paper/items/DFNZEC6B", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 262365, "username": "karineb", "name": "Karine Nahon", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/karineb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Moore and Benbasat", "parsedDate": "1991-09-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "DFNZEC6B", "version": 61, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Development of an Instrument to Measure the Perceptions of Adopting an Information Technology Innovation", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gary C.", "lastName": "Moore" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Izak", "lastName": "Benbasat" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper reports on the development of an instrument designed to measure the various perceptions that an individual may have of adopting an information technology (IT) innovation. This instrument is intended to be a tool for the study of the initial adoption and eventual diffusion of IT innovations within organizations. While the adoption of information technologies by individuals and organizations has been an area of substantial research interest since the early days of computerization, research efforts to date have led to mixed and inconclusive outcomes. The lack of a theoretical foundation for such research and inadequate definition and measurement of constructs have been identified as major causes for such outcomes. In a recent study examining the diffusion of new end-user IT, we decided to focus on measuring the potential adopters' perceptions of the technology. Measuring such perceptions has been termed a \"classic issue\" in the innovation diffusion literature, and a key to integrating the various findings of diffusion research. The perceptions of adopting were initially based on the five characteristics of innovations derived by Rogers (1983) from the diffusion of innovations literature, plus two developed specifically within this study. Of the existing scales for measuring these characteristics, very few had the requisite levels of validity and reliability. For this study, both newly created and existing items were placed in a common pool and subjected to four rounds of sorting by judges to establish which items should be in the various scales. The objective was to verify the convergent and discriminant validity of the scales by examining how the items were sorted into various construct categories. Analysis of inter-judge agreement about item placement identified both bad items as well as weaknesses in some of the constructs' original definitions. These were subsequently redefined. Scales for the resulting constructs were subjected to three separate field tests. Following the final test, the scales all demonstrated acceptable levels of reliability. Their validity was further checked using factor analysis, as well as conducting discriminant analysis comparing responses between adopters and nonadopters of the innovation. The result is a parsimonious, 38-item instrument comprising eight scales which provides a useful tool for the study of the initial adoption and diffusion of innovations. A short, 25 item, version of the instrument is also suggested.", "publicationTitle": "INFORMATION SYSTEMS RESEARCH", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "September 1, 1991", "volume": "2", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "192-222", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1287/isre.2.3.192", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://isr.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/2/3/192", "accessDate": "2011-01-14T22:43:47Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "HighWire", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-09-13T18:56:00Z", "dateModified": "2013-09-13T18:56:00Z" } } ]