[ { "key": "4KV74PI3", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 49073, "name": "Urban Agriculture - PUBLIC", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/49073/items/4KV74PI3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public/items/4KV74PI3", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 647590, "username": "START Library", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/start_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "World Bank", "parsedDate": "2008-06-24", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "4KV74PI3", "version": 1, "itemType": "report", "title": "Ghana - Environmental Resource Management Project: GEF Coastal Wetlands Management Project; Natural Resources Management Project", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "World Bank" } ], "abstractNote": "Ratings for the Environmental Resource Management Project for Ghana were as follows: outcome was moderately unsatisfactory; risk to the development outcome was significant; Bank performance was moderately unsatisfactory; and Borrower performance was unsatisfactory. Ratings for the Global Environment Facility (GEF) Coastal Wetlands Management Project were as follows: outcome was moderately unsatisfactory; risk to the development outcome was significant; Bank performance was unsatisfactory; and Borrower performance was unsatisfactory. Ratings for the Natural Resources Management Project were as follows: outcome was unsatisfactory; risk to the development outcome was significant; Bank performance was unsatisfactory; and Borrower performance was unsatisfactory. Some lessons learned included from the project: it is essential to gauge support at higher levels of government than the concerned environmental agencies. Care has to be taken that international environmental pressure, vested interests and the understandable enthusiasm of the Bank's own appraisal process does not lead to financing of worthy causes that governments are unwilling to support. Care has to be taken that individuals and community stakeholders are empowered in the decision-making process, particularly over allocation of rights to utilize natural resources. The assessed projects clearly show that insecure property rights allied with centralized, top-down award of concessions to commercial operations and capture of economic rents creates conflict and promotes non-sustainable natural resource utilization. When partners operate on differing schedules and priorities there is a danger that mixed signals will be passed to the in-country stakeholders. In that respect common pool budget support mechanisms have a strategic advantage in bringing coherence to reform agendas. Insufficient attention to addressing the causes of rural poverty drives people to live off the environmental commons where short-term survival interests typically outweigh consideration of longer-term stability.", "reportNumber": "43758", "reportType": "", "institution": "The World Bank", "place": "", "date": "6/24/2008", "seriesTitle": "Project Performance Assessment Report", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "74", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&theSitePK=523679&entityID=000333037_20080731031317&searchMenuPK=64187283&theSitePK=523679", "accessDate": "2011-07-18", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z" } }, { "key": "K463N5Q7", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 49073, "name": "Urban Agriculture - PUBLIC", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/49073/items/K463N5Q7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public/items/K463N5Q7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 647590, "username": "START Library", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/start_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "World Bank", "parsedDate": "2001-06-22", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "K463N5Q7", "version": 1, "itemType": "report", "title": "Ghana - The National Agricultural Research Project, the National Agricultural Extension Project, the National Livestock Services Project, the Agricultural Diversification Project, and the Agricultural Sector Investment Project (sector overview)", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "World Bank" } ], "abstractNote": "The outcomes for all but the Agricultural Diversification Project (which is rated as satisfactory) and the Agricultural Sector Investment Project (which is rated as unsatisfactory) have been assessed as moderately satisfactory. Project sustainability for all five projects is unlikely or non-evaluable. Both World Bank and Borrower performances are adjudged as satisfactory for four of the projects but unsatisfactory for the ASIP. The project audits provide the building blocks for the sector review, which finds impressive improvement. The projects offer six main lessons: 1) Borrower capacity to provide counterpart funding should be projected and realistically assessed, and program design should be adjusted to match the findings of that assessment. 2) There are opportunities for relatively minor adjustments in project strategy and mechanisms which can enhance poverty focus without risk to growth. 3) Publicly funded agricultural research needs to focus not simply on yield maximization but on financial profitability, returns to labor, and the low input technology needs of the poorer farmers. 4) to improve the efficiency of extension services, a phased strategy is needed to increase the role of cost recovery, private sector, community groups, and nongovernmental organizations. 5) Regarding community infrastructure investments, approaches that specifically target the poor. 6) Likely impacts need to be addressed through some form of short-term safety net.", "reportNumber": "22439", "reportType": "Project Performance Assessment Report", "institution": "The World Bank", "place": "", "date": "6/22/2001", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "90", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&theSitePK=523679&entityID=000094946_01080804021424&searchMenuPK=64187283&theSitePK=523679", "accessDate": "2011-07-18", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z" } }, { "key": "FUFTSGCT", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 49073, "name": "Urban Agriculture - PUBLIC", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/49073/items/FUFTSGCT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public/items/FUFTSGCT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 647590, "username": "START Library", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/start_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "World Bank", "parsedDate": "2004-12-28", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "FUFTSGCT", "version": 1, "itemType": "report", "title": "Tanzania - Second Agricultural Research Project", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "World Bank" } ], "abstractNote": "The Second Agricultural Research Project for Tanzania had the following ratings: the outcome was satisfactory, the sustainability was likely, the institutional development impact was substantial, and the Bank and borrower performance were both satisfactory. The lessons learned indicate that consensus needs to be reached on how research programs should be evaluated, and these goals need to be properly reflected in project objectives. Key performance indicators should be clearly defined during project preparation in order to guide the monitoring and evaluation system. Public support for research undertaken by non-public institutions is appropriate and in some cases necessary. Decentralization of management of research to the zones can result in improved performance and impact, but the decentralization must be coherent, including financial management and procurement, as well as technical decisions. Farmers enjoy and benefit from their involvement in applied research, and mechanisms to ensure greater farmer control over research resource allocation decisions improves research effectiveness. The research system must maintain a critical mass of skilled staff, and this may require modifications in standards of remuneration. There is a need to look at agricultural research and extension as one package for an effective dissemination and adoption of improved agricultural technologies.", "reportNumber": "30930", "reportType": "Implementation Completion and Results Report", "institution": "The World Bank", "place": "", "date": "2004/12/28", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "52", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&theSitePK=523679&entityID=000090341_20041230091943&searchMenuPK=64187283&theSitePK=523679", "accessDate": "2011-07-18", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z" } }, { "key": "MURGKVIS", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 49073, "name": "Urban Agriculture - PUBLIC", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/49073/items/MURGKVIS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public/items/MURGKVIS", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 647590, "username": "START Library", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/start_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "World Bank", "parsedDate": "2007-07-08", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "MURGKVIS", "version": 1, "itemType": "report", "title": "Nigeria - An economic analysis of natural resources sustainability : land tenure and land degradation issues", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "World Bank" } ], "abstractNote": "The scope and urgency of the threats to Nigeria's rural land are no secret. In 2005, a working group dedicated to formulating a national agricultural land policy began the process with a comprehensive articulation of the challenges facing Nigeria's agricultural land. The litany included recognition that: 1) agricultural land use in the country has been unsustainable, resulting in no fewer than eleven types of extensive land degradation and significant degradation of water resources; 2) the country has not classified its land - including its prime agricultural land - according to its use capabilities, and thus has no foundation for allocating land among uses or creating the mechanisms and processes for such allocation; 3) the majority of Nigeria's farmers are smallholders relying on subsistence-level cultivation practices; 4) the country's agricultural labor pool is shrinking, and practices that promote better conservation of natural resources have been too limited; and 5) the rural areas of the country lack of basic and necessary infrastructure, including roads, water, and health and educational facilities. This part of the report analyzes how Nigeria's land policy and legal framework can support efforts to meet the country's expressed land policy goal of sustainable productivity and additional goals of equity and conflict avoidance. Section two makes a brief overview of the links between land tenure systems, agricultural productivity, and equity; section three makes a review of the customary and formal land tenure systems in Nigeria, and section four makes the same for the formal land tenure system. Section five summarizes the existing legal framework and its impact on productivity, equity and potential for conflict. The last section concludes with specific recommendations for unlocking the potential in the country's rural land to meet the needs of its entire people.", "reportNumber": "56176", "reportType": "Country Environmental Analysis (CEA)", "institution": "The World Bank", "place": "", "date": "2007/07/08", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "62", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&theSitePK=523679&entityID=000334955_20100812023753&searchMenuPK=64187283&theSitePK=523679", "accessDate": "2011-07-18", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z" } }, { "key": "6AITGA85", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 49073, "name": "Urban Agriculture - PUBLIC", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/49073/items/6AITGA85", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public/items/6AITGA85", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 647590, "username": "START Library", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/start_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "World Bank", "parsedDate": "2009-07-16", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "6AITGA85", "version": 1, "itemType": "report", "title": "Senegal - Sustainable Land Management Project", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "World Bank" } ], "abstractNote": "The objective of the Sustainable Land Management (SLM) Project for Senegal is to contribute to the reduction of land degradation and the improvement of ecosystem functions and services in the target areas by adopting sustainable land management practices through the provision of support to the recipient's research and agricultural and rural consultation system and to producer organizations. There are four components to the project, the first component being support to the agricultural research system. In Second Agricultural Services and Producer Organizations Project (PSAOP2), this component seeks to increase the capacity of the National Agricultural Research System (NARS). The project will be used to strengthen the capacity of the Senegal Agricultural Research Institute (ISRA) to generate and disseminate SLM-targeted research and knowledge. The second component is the strengthening agricultural advisory services. This component is aimed at supporting the extension of the agricultural advisory system and consolidation of a pluralistic network of service providers. The third component is the support to producer organizations. This component is aimed at strengthening the capacity of producer organizations (POs) to access technical and economic services, and to participate in policy formulation. Finally, the fourth component is the support to sectoral coordination. This component is aimed at strengthening the capacity of sectoral ministries (e.g. agriculture and livestock) in policy formulation, planning, coordination, and monitoring and evaluation. The Global Environment Facility (GEF)-supported project will be used to strengthen the enabling conditions that allow the Government to move towards a more cross-sectoral and programmatic approach to SLM, and to support incremental costs of project management.", "reportNumber": "48904", "reportType": "Project Appraisal Document", "institution": "", "place": "", "date": "2009/07/16", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "101", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187511&theSitePK=523679&entityID=000333037_20090810010300&searchMenuPK=64187511&theSitePK=523679", "accessDate": "2011-07-18", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z" } }, { "key": "TPEZ4QEJ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 49073, "name": "Urban Agriculture - PUBLIC", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/49073/items/TPEZ4QEJ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public/items/TPEZ4QEJ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 647590, "username": "START Library", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/start_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Prasad et al.", "parsedDate": "2009-02-19", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "TPEZ4QEJ", "version": 1, "itemType": "book", "title": "Climate Resilient Cities: A Primer on Reducing Vulnerabilities to Disasters", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Neeraj", "lastName": "Prasad" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Federica", "lastName": "Ranghieri" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Fatima", "lastName": "Shah" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Zoe", "lastName": "Trohanis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Earl", "lastName": "Kessler" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ravi", "lastName": "Sinha" } ], "abstractNote": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "Pap/Cdr", "date": "2009-02-19", "publisher": "World Bank Publications", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "", "ISBN": "0821377663", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Climate Resilient Cities", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Amazon.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z" } }, { "key": "X3NS8ZT4", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 49073, "name": "Urban Agriculture - PUBLIC", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/49073/items/X3NS8ZT4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public/items/X3NS8ZT4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 647590, "username": "START Library", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/start_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "De Preneuf and Kitt", "parsedDate": "2009-01-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "X3NS8ZT4", "version": 1, "itemType": "report", "title": "A climate for change in East Asia and the Pacific", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Flore", "lastName": "De Preneuf" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Florian", "lastName": "Kitt" } ], "abstractNote": "Climate change threatens all countries. Yet developing countries everywhere, from Asia to Africa to Latin America, will be disproportionately affected by the climate crisis. The World Development Report (WDR) 2010: development and climate change notes that they will bear 75-80 percent of the costs of damage caused by the changing climate. Economic growth alone will not be fast or equitable enough to counter threats from climate change, particularly if it remains carbon intensive and accelerates global warming. So climate policy cannot be framed as a choice between growth and climate change. Instead, climate-smart policies are those that enhance development, reduce vulnerability, and finance the transition to low-carbon growth paths. This booklet focuses on policy recommendations and steps already being taken in East Asia and the Pacific to reduce the sources of greenhouse gases (mitigation), adapt to changing weather (adaptation), and develop financial and technological partnerships in the face of a pressing global challenge.", "reportNumber": "51682", "reportType": "Working Paper", "institution": "The World Bank", "place": "", "date": "2009/01/01", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "16", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&theSitePK=523679&entityID=000333037_20091118231826&searchMenuPK=64187283&theSitePK=523679", "accessDate": "2011-07-18", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z" } }, { "key": "8S26S9GF", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 49073, "name": "Urban Agriculture - PUBLIC", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/49073/items/8S26S9GF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public/items/8S26S9GF", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 647590, "username": "START Library", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/start_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Wang et al.", "parsedDate": "2009-06", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "8S26S9GF", "version": 1, "itemType": "report", "title": "The health impact of extreme weather events in Sub-Saharan Africa", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Limin", "lastName": "Wang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Shireen", "lastName": "Kanji" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sushenjit", "lastName": "Bandyopadhyay" } ], "abstractNote": "", "reportNumber": "WPS4979", "reportType": "Policy Research Working Paper", "institution": "The World Bank", "place": "", "date": "Jun 2009", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "34", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187511&theSitePK=523679&entityID=000158349_20090629132300&searchMenuPK=64187511&theSitePK=523679", "accessDate": "2011-07-18T18:26:52Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "RePEc", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z" } }, { "key": "Z6XTT2TQ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 49073, "name": "Urban Agriculture - PUBLIC", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/49073/items/Z6XTT2TQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public/items/Z6XTT2TQ", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/49073/items/TPEZ4QEJ", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 647590, "username": "START Library", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/start_library", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "Z6XTT2TQ", "version": 1, "parentItem": "TPEZ4QEJ", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Amazon.com Link", "accessDate": "2011-07-18T17:55:08Z", "url": "http://www.amazon.com/dp/0821377663", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z" } }, { "key": "PSJT3PN6", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 49073, "name": "Urban Agriculture - PUBLIC", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/49073/items/PSJT3PN6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public/items/PSJT3PN6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 647590, "username": "START Library", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/start_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "World Bank", "parsedDate": "2009-05-27", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "PSJT3PN6", "version": 1, "itemType": "report", "title": "Tanzania - Accelerated Food Security Program", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "World Bank" } ], "abstractNote": "This emergency program paper provide credits to the Tanzania in support of its Accelerated Food Security Program. The program responds to an urgent request from the Government of Tanzania (GoT) to support its efforts to achieve greater food security by increasing food production and productivity and providing social protection for vulnerable groups and the rural poor. Tanzania is expected to feel the effects of the global economic crisis mostly through export channels (mainly tourism, regional manufacturing exports, cash crops, and natural resources) and lower capital flows from private and possibly official assistance. Because of the structure of its trade balance, which is heavily influenced by oil on the import side and gold on the export side, the net impact is likely to be lower in Tanzania than in other countries. The financial sector is mainly sound and not exposed to global toxic assets. Tanzania's agricultural sector makes major contributions to the economy and is central to food security, household income, and poverty reduction. Any slowdown in agricultural growth will affect the country's overall gross domestic product (GDP) growth and drive up food prices. Agriculture accounts for 26.5 percent of national GDP, 80 percent of employment, and 75 percent of rural household incomes. Agriculture also provides more than 95 percent of Tanzania's annual food requirement.", "reportNumber": "48549", "reportType": "program document", "institution": "The World Bank", "place": "", "date": "2009/05/27", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&theSitePK=523679&entityID=000334955_20090604053222&searchMenuPK=64187283&theSitePK=523679", "accessDate": "2011-07-18", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z" } }, { "key": "5MUUGKTR", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 49073, "name": "Urban Agriculture - PUBLIC", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/49073/items/5MUUGKTR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public/items/5MUUGKTR", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 647590, "username": "START Library", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/start_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "World Bank", "parsedDate": "2011-03-31", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "5MUUGKTR", "version": 1, "itemType": "report", "title": "Tanzania - Participatory Agricultural Development and Empowerment Project", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "World Bank" } ], "abstractNote": "Ratings for the Participatory Agricultural Development and Empowerment Project for Tanzania were as follows: outcomes were satisfactory; the risk to development outcome was moderate; the Bank's performance was moderately satisfactory; and the Borrower's performance was also moderately satisfactory. Some lessons learned included: empowerment is an important output for Community Driven Development (CDD). One of the primary purposes of the CDD approach is to empower local communities to affect change by improving the process by which local development decisions are made. This project attempt to use participatory Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) system did not work well. The rationale for using a participatory M&E is that the beneficiaries, by monitoring their own performance, will learn and adjust accordingly. Adaptive management and learning is an important ingredient for success. The flexible CDD design used for this project allowed a rapid scaling up at the end of the project in order to achieve the full benefit of cost savings. This project demonstrated that, given a menu of choices that included both community infrastructure and livelihood investments; there was a strong demand for livelihood investments.", "reportNumber": "ICR667", "reportType": "Implementation Completion and Results Report", "institution": "The World Bank", "place": "", "date": "2011/03/31", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "77", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&theSitePK=523679&entityID=000356161_20110425005815&searchMenuPK=64187283&theSitePK=523679", "accessDate": "2011-07-18", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z" } }, { "key": "ATGN57UH", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 49073, "name": "Urban Agriculture - PUBLIC", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/49073/items/ATGN57UH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public/items/ATGN57UH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 647590, "username": "START Library", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/start_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ahmed , Syud Amer ; Diffenbaugh, Noah S. ; Hertel , Thomas W. ; Lobell, David B. ; Ramankutty, Navin ; Rios, Ana R. ; Rowhani, Pedram ;", "parsedDate": "2009-11-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ATGN57UH", "version": 1, "itemType": "report", "title": "Climate volatility and poverty vulnerability in Tanzania", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "Ahmed , Syud Amer ; Diffenbaugh, Noah S. ; Hertel , Thomas W. ; Lobell, David B. ; Ramankutty, Navin ; Rios, Ana R. ; Rowhani, Pedram ;" } ], "abstractNote": "Climate models generally indicate that climate volatility may rise in the future, severely affecting agricultural productivity through greater frequency of yield-diminishing climate extremes, such as droughts. For Tanzania, where agricultural production is sensitive to climate, changes in climate volatility could have significant implications for poverty. This study assesses the vulnerability of Tanzania’s population to poverty to changes in climate variability between the late 20th century and early this century. Future climate scenarios with the largest increases in climate volatility are projected to make Tanzanians increasingly vulnerable to poverty through its impacts on the production of staple grains, with as many as 90,000 additional people, representing 0.26 percent of the population, entering poverty in the median case. Extreme poverty-increasing outcomes are also found to be greater in the future under certain climate scenarios. In the 20th century, the greatest predicted increase in poverty was equal to 880,000 people, while in the 21st century, the highest possible poverty increase was equal to 1.17 million people (approximately 3.4 percent of the population). The results suggest that the potential impacts of changes in climate volatility and climate extremes can be significant for poverty in Sub-Saharan African countries like Tanzania.", "reportNumber": "WPS5117", "reportType": "Policy Research Working Paper", "institution": "The World Bank", "place": "", "date": "2009/11/01", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "36", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&theSitePK=523679&entityID=000158349_20091109085100&searchMenuPK=64187283&theSitePK=523679", "accessDate": "2011-07-18", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z" } }, { "key": "W6IDT2GP", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 49073, "name": "Urban Agriculture - PUBLIC", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/49073/items/W6IDT2GP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public/items/W6IDT2GP", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 647590, "username": "START Library", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/start_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "World Bank", "parsedDate": "2010-09-03", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "W6IDT2GP", "version": 1, "itemType": "report", "title": "Ethiopia - Agricultural Growth Project", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "World Bank" } ], "abstractNote": "The objective of the Agricultural Growth Project (AGP) for Ethiopia is to increase agricultural productivity and market access for key crop and livestock products in targeted woredas with increased participation of women and youth. There are three components to the project. The first component of the project is agricultural production and commercialization. The objective of this component is to strengthen the capacity of farmer organizations and their service providers to scale up best practices and adopt improved technologies in production and processing, and to strengthen marketing and processing of selected commodities through engagement with private sector stakeholders. The second component of the project is small-scale rural infrastructure development and management. The objective of this component is to support the construction, rehabilitation and/or improvement, and management of small-scale rural infrastructure to improve productivity, and to further develop and increase the efficiency of key value chains through improved access to markets. The third component of the project is AGP management and monitoring and evaluation (M&E). The objective of this component is to support effective coordination and management of the AGP at all levels of implementation, to establish an effective monitoring and evaluation M&E system, and to create a learning environment for continuous improvement of the AGP design and other agricultural growth interventions.", "reportNumber": "53290", "reportType": "Project Appraisal Document", "institution": "The World Bank", "place": "", "date": "2010/09/03", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "5", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187511&theSitePK=523679&entityID=000333038_20100914233904&searchMenuPK=64187511&theSitePK=523679", "accessDate": "2011-07-18", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z" } }, { "key": "HWW63UH6", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 49073, "name": "Urban Agriculture - PUBLIC", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/49073/items/HWW63UH6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public/items/HWW63UH6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 647590, "username": "START Library", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/start_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "World Bank", "parsedDate": "2010-03-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "HWW63UH6", "version": 1, "itemType": "report", "title": "Ethiopia - Agricultural Growth Program Project : environmental assessment : Environmental and social management framework", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "World Bank" } ], "abstractNote": "The objective of the Agricultural Growth Program Project (AGP) for Ethiopia is to increase productivity in a sustainable manner, strengthen marketing and facilitate value addition of selected livestock and crop products in targeted areas with due attention to women and youth. Negative impact include: soil erosion, wet season excavation, vegetation removal, wildlife habitats or populations disturbed, environmentally sensitive areas disturbed, and cultural or religious sites disturbed. Mitigation measures include: 1) drainage control measures to be included within construction plans; 2) minimize water crossings in road location and alignment; 3) schedule construction for the dry season; 4) re-contour and rehabilitate sites/pits and avoid collection of standing water; 5) minimize temporary or permanent removal of natural vegetation; 6) identify and avoid effects on habitats and migration routes of key species; and 7) identify and avoid forest, riparian and wetland habitats with particular biodiversity.", "reportNumber": "E2425", "reportType": "Environmental Assessment", "institution": "The World Bank", "place": "", "date": "2010/03/01", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187511&theSitePK=523679&entityID=000334955_20100416032643&searchMenuPK=64187511&theSitePK=523679", "accessDate": "2011-07-18", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z" } }, { "key": "786J22WS", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 49073, "name": "Urban Agriculture - PUBLIC", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/49073/items/786J22WS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public/items/786J22WS", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 647590, "username": "START Library", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/start_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Deressa", "parsedDate": "2007-09-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "786J22WS", "version": 1, "itemType": "report", "title": "Measuring the economic impact of climate change on Ethiopian agriculture : Ricardian approach", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Temesgen Tadesse", "lastName": "Deressa" } ], "abstractNote": "This study uses the Ricardian approach to analyze the impact of climate change on Ethiopian agriculture and to describe farmer adaptations to varying environmental factors. The study analyzes data from 11 of the country's 18 agro-ecological zones, representing more than 74 percent of the country, and survey of 1,000 farmers from 50 districts. Regressing of net revenue on climate, household, and soil variables show that these variables have a significant impact on the farmers' net revenue per hectare.The study carries out a marginal impact analysis of increasing temperature and changing precipitation across the four seasons. In addition, it examines the impact of uniform climate scenarios on farmers' net revenue per hectare. Additionally, it analyzes the net revenue impact of predicted climate scenarios from three models for the years 2050 and 2100. In general, the results indicate that increasing temperature and decreasing precipitation are both damaging to Ethiopian agriculture. Although the analysis did not incorporate the carbon fertilization effect, the role of technology, or the change in prices for the future, significant information for policy-making can be extracted.", "reportNumber": "WPS4342", "reportType": "Policy Research Working Paper", "institution": "World Bank", "place": "", "date": "2007/09/01", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "32", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187511&theSitePK=523679&entityID=000158349_20070904101248&searchMenuPK=64187511&theSitePK=523679", "accessDate": "2011-07-18", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z" } }, { "key": "MB5I3MHC", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 49073, "name": "Urban Agriculture - PUBLIC", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/49073/items/MB5I3MHC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public/items/MB5I3MHC", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 647590, "username": "START Library", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/start_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "World Bank", "parsedDate": "2010-06-24", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "MB5I3MHC", "version": 1, "itemType": "report", "title": "Uganda - National Agricultural Advisory Services Project", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "World Bank" } ], "abstractNote": "Ratings for the National Agricultural Advisory Services (NAADS) Project for Uganda were as follows: outcomes were moderately satisfactory, the risk to development outcome was moderate, Bank performance was moderately satisfactory, and Borrower performance was also moderately satisfactory. Lessons learned include: the NAADS Project was the first in Africa to incorporate public funding and pluralistic provision of services as a national program, with farmers empowered to select their service providers. Prior to introduction of the NAADS Program, questions were raised as to whether such a program shown to work elsewhere, particularly in Latin America, will be suitable and feasible in Africa. The NAADS experience offers many lessons about how best to adapt such a model, but a fundamental conclusion can be drawn that the programs are suitable and superior to the centralized traditional model of public funding and public provision of services. The fact that the Government of Uganda (GOU) saw NAADS as a public program, rather than an enclave project of the donors, gave the program weight and an opportunity to be transformative, through scale and mainstreaming into governmental systems. Few countries have the equivalent of the NAADS Act to safeguard design of programs. This can be a very constructive measure when programs require long duration to reach impact, but governments and priorities may change frequently. Advisory services appear to have had a greater impact than subsidized provision of inputs under the program. This finding is very provisional and warrants more careful investigation, since it is critical to policy dialogue in African agriculture at present. Many governments are of the view that widespread distribution of subsidized fertilizer will achieve rapid gains in productivity and incomes. The NAADS experience suggests that the most impressive gains were achieved in the period when the program concentrated on provision of advice and demonstration of technologies. The returns when inputs became relatively more important in the program appear to be more mixed.", "reportNumber": "ICR1421", "reportType": "Implementation Completion and Results Report", "institution": "The World Bank", "place": "", "date": "2010/06/24", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "92", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187511&theSitePK=523679&entityID=000333038_20100811014210&searchMenuPK=64187511&theSitePK=523679", "accessDate": "2011-07-18", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z" } }, { "key": "F8AHH5TC", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 49073, "name": "Urban Agriculture - PUBLIC", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/49073/items/F8AHH5TC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public/items/F8AHH5TC", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 647590, "username": "START Library", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/start_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "World Bank", "parsedDate": "2004-07-30", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "F8AHH5TC", "version": 1, "itemType": "report", "title": "India - Re-energizing the Agricultural Sector to Sustain Growth and Reduce Poverty", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "World Bank" } ], "abstractNote": "Agriculture in India will remain the mainstay for a large share of the rural population in the next decade, many of which also comprise the rural poor. Promoting more rapid agricultural growth, particularly achieving the government goal of 4 percent growth per year not only exclusively during the 10th plan period but for the medium to longer term, will be extremely crucial not only to achieving strong economic performance for the country as a whole, but also in lifting large numbers of agricultural households above poverty. The reform agenda puts in the spotlight the difficult challenge of balancing short vs. longer term policies and expenditure priorities to achieve targets. The current subsidy-dominated agricultural environment is helping to keep farming many crops viable and even highly lucrative, especially food grain crops in traditional procurement states. But in distorting farmer incentives, it is eroding rapidly the basic foundation for agriculture (i.e. that is, land and water resources), threatening the longer-term viability of agricultural production, and thus would also diminish future growth prospects and risk increasing rural poverty in many of these areas. Action to regain a better balance between short and longer-term policy and expenditure priorities to ensure sustainable poverty reducing agricultural growth can no longer be postponed.", "reportNumber": "27889", "reportType": "Board Report", "institution": "The World Bank", "place": "", "date": "2004/07/30", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "110", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187511&theSitePK=523679&entityID=000090341_20040819105945&searchMenuPK=64187511&theSitePK=523679", "accessDate": "2011-07-18", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z" } }, { "key": "UTCHNENU", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 49073, "name": "Urban Agriculture - PUBLIC", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/49073/items/UTCHNENU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public/items/UTCHNENU", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 647590, "username": "START Library", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/start_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Katyal and Mruthyunjaya", "parsedDate": "2003-01-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "UTCHNENU", "version": 1, "itemType": "report", "title": "CGIAR effectiveness - a NARS perspective from India", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.C.", "lastName": "Katyal" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "Mruthyunjaya" } ], "abstractNote": "This country working paper describes agriculture as the backbone of Indian economy and that it will remain central to socioeconomic development of India even in future. According to Asian Development Bank, agricultural growth is a prerequisite for economic development in general and rural development in particular. Indian agriculture, supported by Green Revolution technologies, is one of the most striking success stories of the post-independence era. It ushered in an era of food self-sufficiency and rural prosperity. The role of technological breakthroughs in this success is significant. Recent research by IFPRI (Fan and Hazell, 2000) found that expenditure on R&D (Research and Development) and rural roads in India has had the largest impacts on both rural poverty reduction and agricultural productivity growth.", "reportNumber": "27803", "reportType": "Working Paper", "institution": "The World Bank", "place": "", "date": "2003/01/01", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "60", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187511&theSitePK=523679&entityID=000011823_20040210162510&searchMenuPK=64187511&theSitePK=523679", "accessDate": "2011-07-18", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z" } }, { "key": "5NB255IR", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 49073, "name": "Urban Agriculture - PUBLIC", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/49073/items/5NB255IR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public/items/5NB255IR", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 647590, "username": "START Library", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/start_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Beck", "parsedDate": "2005-04-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "5NB255IR", "version": 1, "itemType": "report", "title": "Learning lessons from disaster recovery : the case of Bangladesh", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tony", "lastName": "Beck" } ], "abstractNote": "This report summarizes the findings of a country case study on Bangladesh, which is part of a ProVention Consortium initiative aimed at learning lessons from recovery efforts following major natural disasters. The ProVention Consortium is an international network of public, private, non-governmental, and academic organizations, dedicated in reducing the impacts of disasters in developing countries. The activity was managed by the Bank, and benefited from the guidance and conceptual inputs of a number of ProVention partners. Bangladesh was selected as a case study, given it is representative of a predominantly agricultural developing country, with high levels of rural poverty; in addition, it is extremely susceptible to natural hazards, especially floods. A particular focus of this study has been on the recovery of poorer households, as these households are usually most in need of external support following major natural disasters. This report focuses on lessons from the recovery period following the 1998 floods. Bangladesh is a country highly vulnerable to a number of hazards, including cyclones, droughts, flooding and earthquakes. Furthermore, the report also highlights the severe flooding experienced during the 2004 monsoon season, and the December 26, 2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean that also affected Bangladesh's coastline. As indicated in this study, the impacts of these events suggest that several factors continue to contribute to the country's vulnerability to disasters, including rapid urbanization, population growth, inadequate maintenance of infrastructure systems, and poor environmental management. Main lessons learned from this study address policy and planning, and best ways to supporting livelihoods. Greater attention needs to be paid to the effect of recovery efforts on different groups among the poor, including female-headed households. Some of the areas that need greater attention are: the effects of food imports and agricultural credit on agricultural labor wage rates; the impact of infrastructure interventions on livelihoods; and the impact on gender inequality.", "reportNumber": "32197", "reportType": "Working Paper (Numbered Series)", "institution": "The World Bank", "place": "", "date": "2005/04/01", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "46", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187511&theSitePK=523679&entityID=000012009_20050505121919&searchMenuPK=64187511&theSitePK=523679", "accessDate": "2011-07-18", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z" } }, { "key": "6T9J5TQM", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 49073, "name": "Urban Agriculture - PUBLIC", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/49073/items/6T9J5TQM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public/items/6T9J5TQM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 647590, "username": "START Library", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/start_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "World Bank", "parsedDate": "2009-05-05", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "6T9J5TQM", "version": 1, "itemType": "report", "title": "Nepal - Agricultural Commercialization and Trade Project", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "World Bank" } ], "abstractNote": "The development objective of the Agricultural Commercialization and Trade Project for Nepal is to improve the competitiveness of smallholder farmers and the agribusiness sector in selected commodity value chains in 25 districts supported by the project. There are three components to the project. The first component of the project is agriculture and rural business development, this component will finance demand-based sub-projects proposed by farmer groups, cooperatives, agribusinesses and other value chain participants to build strategic linkages with a view to increase competitiveness, productivity, quality, and market access. The second component of the project is support for sanitary and phyto-sanitary facilities and food quality management, this component will finance activities to strengthen the efficiency and effectiveness of sanitary and phyto-sanitary services in order to reduce existing obstacles to agricultural and food trade. It will also support the private sector's efforts to gain market advantage through improved food quality management. The third component of the project is project management, monitoring and evaluation, this component will finance overall project management, monitoring and evaluation and reporting.", "reportNumber": "48346", "reportType": "Project Appraisal Document", "institution": "The World Bank", "place": "", "date": "2009/05/05", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "115", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187511&theSitePK=523679&entityID=000334955_20090629062034&searchMenuPK=64187511&theSitePK=523679", "accessDate": "2011-07-18", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z" } }, { "key": "UC5N486E", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 49073, "name": "Urban Agriculture - PUBLIC", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/49073/items/UC5N486E", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public/items/UC5N486E", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 647590, "username": "START Library", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/start_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Pillai, Poonam ; Philips, Bradford Ryan ; Shyamsundar, Priya ; Ahmed, Kazi ; Wang, Limin ;", "parsedDate": "2010-09-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "UC5N486E", "version": 1, "itemType": "report", "title": "Climate risks and adaptation in Asian coastal megacities : a synthesis report", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "Pillai, Poonam ; Philips, Bradford Ryan ; Shyamsundar, Priya ; Ahmed, Kazi ; Wang, Limin ;" } ], "abstractNote": "The main objective of this report is to strengthen understanding of climate-related risks and impacts in coastal megacities in developing countries using case studies of three cities that are different in their climate, hydrological, and socioeconomic characteristics. Specifically, it draws on an in-depth analysis of climate risks and impacts in Bangkok, Manila, and Ho Chi Minh City to highlight to national and municipal decision makers: (a) the scale of climate-related impacts and vulnerabilities at the city level, (b) estimates of associated damage costs, and (c) potential adaptation options. While the report focuses on three cities in East Asia, the policy implications resulting from the comparative analysis of these cities has broader relevance for assessing climate risks and identifying adaptation options in other coastal areas.", "reportNumber": "57110", "reportType": "Working Paper", "institution": "The World Bank", "place": "", "date": "2010/09/01", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "120", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&theSitePK=523679&entityID=000333038_20101020234456&searchMenuPK=64187283&theSitePK=523679", "accessDate": "2011-07-18", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z" } }, { "key": "6HGMIXC6", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 49073, "name": "Urban Agriculture - PUBLIC", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/49073/items/6HGMIXC6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public/items/6HGMIXC6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 647590, "username": "START Library", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/start_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "World Bank", "parsedDate": "2007-01-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "6HGMIXC6", "version": 1, "itemType": "report", "title": "East Asia environmental monitor 2007 : adapting to climage change", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "World Bank" } ], "abstractNote": "The East Asia Environment Monitor on Adapting to Climate Change is the first regional report in the \"Environment Monitor\" series. It is also the first to focus entirely on climate change. It draws on a variety of sources and available scientific information to present a snapshot of trends and projections of the expected impacts of climate change, describe the vulnerability of the region to these impacts, and assess the likely major consequences for the region. Beyond the scenarios and their impacts on the region's sustainability, the Monitor looks at ways in which countries can better adapt to these impacts. The format is intended to be non-technical, easy to understand, and accessible to a wide audience. The annexes include a profile of the EAP region, useful links, and a reference list of selected World Bank publications relating to climate change.", "reportNumber": "40772", "reportType": "Working Paper", "institution": "The World Bank", "place": "", "date": "2007/01/01", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "68", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&theSitePK=523679&entityID=000020439_20070910101110&searchMenuPK=64187283&theSitePK=523679", "accessDate": "2011-07-18", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z" } }, { "key": "P4BI4AMT", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 49073, "name": "Urban Agriculture - PUBLIC", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/49073/items/P4BI4AMT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public/items/P4BI4AMT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 647590, "username": "START Library", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/start_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "World Bank", "parsedDate": "2008-06-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "P4BI4AMT", "version": 1, "itemType": "report", "title": "Climate change impacts in drought and flood affected areas : case studies in India", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "World Bank" } ], "abstractNote": "The aim of this study is to assist the government in this endeavor by focusing on selected priorities. The overarching objective of this report is to promote the mainstreaming and integration of climate related risks in India's development policies and processes, where this is appropriate. The objectives and scope of work were developed in close consultation with the Ministry of Environment and Forests as the primary counterpart, a cross-section of concerned ministries and departments in the central government and in three selected states (Maharashtra, Orissa, and Andhra Pradesh), and scientific experts from academic, policy and research institutions. In the states, the department of water resources, government of Orissa, and the department of rural development and water conservation, government of Maharashtra, supported these assessments, reflecting a multi-sectoral interest in and demand for adaptation solutions. The focus of this report is on vulnerabilities in natural resources and rural livelihoods, which stand at the front line of climate change impacts. The approach was dictated by government priorities, which indicated the need to: (a) assess climate risks to agriculture and livelihoods in areas facing elevated and increasing exposure to droughts and floods; (b) generate better information on current coping and climate risk management strategies in response to droughts and floods; (c) develop and demonstrate the use of a climate modeling framework that can be used to identify future climate risks; and (d) use the information to assist in developing the key elements of a forward looking adaptation plan that can help improve climate resilience and adaptive capacity.", "reportNumber": "43946", "reportType": "Other Environmental Study", "institution": "The World Bank", "place": "", "date": "2008/06/01", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "162", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&theSitePK=523679&entityID=000333038_20080801065948&searchMenuPK=64187283&theSitePK=523679", "accessDate": "2011-07-18", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-19T13:40:12Z" } }, { "key": "VZUU6WQG", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 49073, "name": "Urban Agriculture - PUBLIC", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/49073/items/VZUU6WQG", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/urban_agriculture_-_public/items/VZUU6WQG", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 647590, "username": "START Library", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/start_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Obuobie et al.", "parsedDate": "2006", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "VZUU6WQG", "version": 1, "itemType": "book", "title": "Irrigated Urban Vegetable Production in Ghana", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Emmanuel", "lastName": "Obuobie" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bernard", "lastName": "Keraita" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G", "lastName": "Danso" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Philip", "lastName": "Amoah" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Olufunke", "lastName": "Cofie" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Liqa", "lastName": "Raschid-Sally" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Pay", "lastName": "Drechsel" } ], "abstractNote": "More than 200,000 urban dwellers eat exotic vegetables daily on Accra's streets and in canteens and restaurants. Most of the perishable vegetables are produced on open spaces in the cities or its fringes due to insufficient cold transport and storage. This activity is highly profitable and can lift vulnerable groups out of poverty. It can also contribute to flood control, land reclamation and city greening. However, poor farmers have increasing problems finding in and around the cities unpolluted water sources for irrigation. This book gives a comprehensive overview of urban and peri-urban vegetable farming in Ghana's major cities with a special focus on 'wastewater' use. It ends with recommendations on how in a low- income country like Ghana health risks for consumers could be effectively reduced, while simultaneously supporting the important contribution of open-space urban and peri-urban agriculture. 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This document is also available in French, Spanish, and Chinese.

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-07-06T18:06:03Z", "dateModified": "2011-07-06T18:06:03Z" } } ]