[ { "key": "2DPEA22P", "version": 18, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 485485, "name": "Alliance ecoroof", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/alliance_ecoroof", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/485485/items/2DPEA22P", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/alliance_ecoroof/items/2DPEA22P", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 861130, "username": "jkleiss", "name": "Jessica Kleiss", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jkleiss", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Jim and He", "parsedDate": "2010", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "2DPEA22P", "version": 18, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Coupling heat flux dynamics with meteorological conditions in the green roof ecosystem", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C.Y.", "lastName": "Jim" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Hongming", "lastName": "He" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Ecological Engineering", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "8/2010", "volume": "36", "issue": "8", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1052-1063", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.ecoleng.2010.04.018", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0925857410001047", "accessDate": "2016-11-27T21:54:17Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "09258574", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-11-27T21:54:17Z", "dateModified": "2023-01-25T20:41:59Z" } }, { "key": "ZAFJRZTR", "version": 16, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 485485, "name": "Alliance ecoroof", "links": { "alternate": { "href": 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"url": "http://www.journalofgreenbuilding.com/doi/10.3992/1943-4618.13.2.42?code=copu-site", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "1943-4618.13.2.html", "md5": "b984b9fa0aff25aff7039683a9a34164", "mtime": 1528305630000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2018-06-06T17:20:30Z", "dateModified": "2018-06-06T17:20:30Z" } }, { "key": "8UXU7P3P", "version": 15, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 485485, "name": "Alliance ecoroof", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/alliance_ecoroof", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/485485/items/8UXU7P3P", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/alliance_ecoroof/items/8UXU7P3P", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 861130, "username": "jkleiss", "name": "Jessica Kleiss", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jkleiss", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Okita et al.", "parsedDate": "2018-03-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "8UXU7P3P", "version": 15, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Effect of green roof age on runoff water quality in portland, oregon", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jarrett", "lastName": "Okita" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Cara", "lastName": "Poor" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jessica M.", "lastName": "Kleiss" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ted", "lastName": "Eckmann" } ], "abstractNote": "Green roofs have become a common method to increase water retention on-site in urban areas. However, the long-term water quality of runoff from green roofs is poorly understood. This study evaluated the water quality of stormwater runoff from a regular (non-vegetated) roof, a green roof installed 6 months previously, and a green roof installed 6 years ago in Portland, Oregon. Samples of runoff were taken during every rain event for 10 months, and analyzed for total phosphorus (TP), phosphate (PO3-4), total nitrogen (TN), nitrate (NO-3), ammonia (NH3), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn). Runoff from the green roofs had higher concentrations of TP and PO3-4 and lower concentrations of Zn compared to the regular roof. Average TP concentrations from the 6-year old roof and 6-month old roof were 6.3 and 14.6 times higher, respectively, than concentrations from the regular roof, and average PO3-4 concentrations from the 6-year old roof and 6-month old roof were 13.5 and 26.6 times higher, respectively, compared to the regular roof. Runoff from the 6-month old green roof had higher concentrations of TP and PO3-4 than the 6-year old green roof during the wet season, but lower concentrations during the dry season. The 6-month old green roof installations where receiving waters are sensitive or impaired may need additional treatment methods to reduce phosphorus levels. As green roofs age, water retention decreases and phosphorus leaching increases during the dry season.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Green Building", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "March 1, 2018", "volume": "13", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "42-54", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Journal of Green Building", "DOI": "10.3992/1943-4618.13.2.42", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.journalofgreenbuilding.com/doi/10.3992/1943-4618.13.2.42", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1552-6100", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "journalofgreenbuilding.com (Atypon)", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2018-06-06T17:20:26Z", "dateModified": "2018-06-06T17:20:26Z" } }, { "key": "H64AVNU2", "version": 10, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 485485, "name": "Alliance ecoroof", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/alliance_ecoroof", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/485485/items/H64AVNU2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/alliance_ecoroof/items/H64AVNU2", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/485485/items/R6CVC62E", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 861130, "username": "jkleiss", "name": "Jessica Kleiss", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jkleiss", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "H64AVNU2", "version": 10, "parentItem": "R6CVC62E", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_file", "title": "Jim and Peng (2012) Weather effect on thermal and energy performance of an extensive tropical green roof.pdf", "accessDate": "", "url": "", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Jim and Peng (2012) Weather effect on thermal and energy performance of an extensive tropical green roof.pdf", "md5": "15d0f99fac6e837bed077501c1b9b88e", "mtime": 1480283666000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-11-27T21:54:26Z", "dateModified": "2016-11-27T21:54:26Z" } }, { "key": "9SWFKMD9", "version": 10, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 485485, "name": "Alliance ecoroof", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/alliance_ecoroof", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/485485/items/9SWFKMD9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/alliance_ecoroof/items/9SWFKMD9", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/485485/items/2DPEA22P", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 861130, "username": "jkleiss", "name": "Jessica Kleiss", "links": { "alternate": { "href": 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"type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/alliance_ecoroof/items/HZ46TP2S", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/485485/items/R6CVC62E", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 861130, "username": "jkleiss", "name": "Jessica Kleiss", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jkleiss", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "HZ46TP2S", "version": 5, "parentItem": "R6CVC62E", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "ScienceDirect Snapshot", "accessDate": "2016-10-27T21:55:49Z", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1618866711000914", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "S1618866711000914.html", "md5": "34f0d1f3c7e5557784f071cc11c2c01e", "mtime": 1477605349000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-10-27T21:55:49Z", "dateModified": "2016-10-27T21:55:49Z" } }, { "key": "R6CVC62E", "version": 4, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 485485, "name": "Alliance ecoroof", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/alliance_ecoroof", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/485485/items/R6CVC62E", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/alliance_ecoroof/items/R6CVC62E", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 861130, "username": "jkleiss", "name": "Jessica Kleiss", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jkleiss", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Jim and Peng", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "R6CVC62E", "version": 4, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Weather effect on thermal and energy performance of an extensive tropical green roof", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C. Y.", "lastName": "Jim" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lilliana L. H.", "lastName": "Peng" } ], "abstractNote": "This study investigated the weather effect on thermal performance of a retrofitted extensive green roof on a railway station in humid-subtropical Hong Kong. Absolute and relative (reduction magnitude) ambient and surface temperatures recorded for two years were compared amongst antecedent bare roof, green roof, and control bare roof. The impacts of solar radiation, relative humidity, soil moisture and wind speed were explored. The holistic green-roof effect reduced daily maximum tile surface temperature by 5.2 °C and air temperature at 10 cm height by 0.7 °C, with no significant effect at 160 cm. Green-roof passive cooling was enhanced by high solar radiation and low relative humidity typical of sunny summer days. High soil moisture supplemented by irrigation lowered air and vegetation surface temperature, and dampened diurnal temperature fluctuations. High wind speed increased evapotranspiration cooling of green roof, but concurrently cooled bare roof. Heat flux through green roof was also weather-dependent, with less heat gain and more heat loss on sunny days, but notable decline in both attributes on cloudy days. On rainy days, green roof assumed the energy conservation role with slight increase instead of reduction in cooling load. Daily cooling load was 0.9 kWh m−2 and 0.57 kWh m−2, respectively for sunny and cloudy summer days, with negligible effect on rainy days. The 484 m2 green roof brought potential air-conditioning energy saving of 2.80 × 104 kWh each summer, equivalent to electricity tariff saving of HK$2.56 × 104 and upstream avoidance of CO2 emission of 27.02 t at the power plant. The long-term environmental and energy benefits could justify the cost of green roof installation on public buildings.", "publicationTitle": "Urban Forestry & Urban Greening", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012", "volume": "11", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "73-85", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Urban Forestry & Urban Greening", "DOI": "10.1016/j.ufug.2011.10.001", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1618866711000914", "accessDate": "2016-10-27T21:55:46Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1618-8667", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-10-27T21:55:46Z", "dateModified": "2016-10-27T21:55:46Z" } }, { "key": "GW4NU8RR", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 485485, "name": "Alliance ecoroof", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/alliance_ecoroof", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/485485/items/GW4NU8RR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/alliance_ecoroof/items/GW4NU8RR", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/485485/items/IZB28TGI", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 861130, "username": "jkleiss", "name": "Jessica Kleiss", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jkleiss", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "GW4NU8RR", "version": 3, "parentItem": "IZB28TGI", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2014-02-13T08:08:49Z", "url": "http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2014/921581.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Mirza et al. - 2014 - Plants as Useful Vectors to Reduce Environmental T.pdf", "md5": "e927d7716edf5ce210ba4712dbe47641", "mtime": 1456178002000, "tags": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/243685/items/ZT77RHT8" }, "dateAdded": "2016-02-22T21:53:21Z", "dateModified": "2016-02-22T21:53:21Z" } }, { "key": "9CZA3JZ8", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 485485, "name": "Alliance ecoroof", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/alliance_ecoroof", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/485485/items/9CZA3JZ8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/alliance_ecoroof/items/9CZA3JZ8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 861130, "username": "jkleiss", "name": "Jessica Kleiss", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jkleiss", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Farmani and Butler", "parsedDate": "2013-11", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "9CZA3JZ8", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Towards more resilient and adaptable water distribution systems under future demand uncertainty", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Raziyeh", "lastName": "Farmani" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David", "lastName": "Butler" } ], "abstractNote": "The focus of this paper is on how water distribution systems can be made more resilient and adaptable, thus reducing their vulnerability to future changes. A performance evaluation methodology is outlined and used to assess the resilience of today's water infrastructure and its vulnerability to future changes, based on adopting four future scenarios, suitably adapted to represent future water demand states. The results highlight the sensitivity of key performance indicators to a range of future conditions relative to current conditions. The concept of future proofing is introduced and three strategies compared to design/re-design and operate the network, building in varying degrees of adaptive capacity to deliver solutions that are feasible under both today's and tomorrow's conditions. The key findings are that, without any intervention, all solutions are feasible when demand is equal to or less than the design case while resilience of the system improves for small decrease in demand, major reduction in demand shows a big improvement in water quality. Three future proofing strategies, namely operation, designed in operation and multistage design and operation show great potential to create flexibility that allows for operational diversity in the short term while trying to achieve long-term goals. The multistage design and operation strategy is able to outperform the other two strategies considering reduction in cost and improvement in performance of the system.", "publicationTitle": "Water Science & Technology: Water Supply", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "November 2013", "volume": "13", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1495-1506", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Water Science & Technology: Water Supply", "DOI": "10.2166/ws.2013.161", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://login.watzekpx.lclark.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=92531543&site=ehost-live&scope=site", "accessDate": "2014-02-12T19:40:41Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "16069749", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "HYDROLOGY", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "NATURAL resources", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "VULNERABILITY", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "WATER -- Distribution", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "WATER demand management", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "WATER pollution", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "WATER supply", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "adaptation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "future proofing", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "resilience", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "scenarios", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "water distribution systems", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "water quality", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/243685/items/A44RGJXD" }, "dateAdded": "2016-02-22T21:53:21Z", "dateModified": "2016-02-22T21:53:21Z" } }, { "key": "FJJDIX2H", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 485485, "name": "Alliance ecoroof", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/alliance_ecoroof", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/485485/items/FJJDIX2H", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/alliance_ecoroof/items/FJJDIX2H", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 861130, "username": "jkleiss", "name": "Jessica Kleiss", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jkleiss", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Spolek", "parsedDate": "2008-12", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "FJJDIX2H", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Performance monitoring of three ecoroofs in Portland, Oregon", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Graig", "lastName": "Spolek" } ], "abstractNote": "Ecoroofs, also known as green roofs, are becoming widely installed with relatively little data collected on their in situ performance. For this study, three large ecoroof portions (280-500 m2) located on two different buildings in Portland, OR, USA were instrumented and monitored continuously for more almost 3 years. For the Broadway Building, a student dormitory on the campus of Portland State University, measurement of ecoroof energy conservation and rainwater discharge abatement helped qualify the building for its Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design silver award. Using an electromagnetic flowmeter, stormwater discharge was monitored and compared to rainfall. Over a 3-year period, rainwater discharge was reduced by about 25%. Rooftop heat flux was simultaneously measured using an array of temperature sensors. When compared to a rock ballast roof exposed to the same weather conditions, the ecoroof heat flux was reduced by 13% in winter and 72% in summer. Retrofit ecoroof installations on the Multnomah County Building, an office building, were also monitored for almost 3 years for two separate ecoroof sections with different plantings, using similar electromagnetic flow meters and a rain gauge. Overall reductions of rainwater discharge were 12% and 17% for those two ecoroofs. For all three ecoroofs, discharge reductions varied widely by month due to seasonal differences in the amount of rainfall. Based on the measurements taken in this study, ecoroofs in Portland, OR, USA appear to offer some performance advantages.", "publicationTitle": "Urban Ecosystems", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "December 2008", "volume": "11", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "349-359", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Urban Ecosystems", "DOI": "10.1007/s11252-008-0061-z", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "10838155", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "ENERGY conservation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ENVIRONMENTAL protection", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Energy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "GREEN roofs (Gardening)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Green roofs" }, { "tag": "HEAT flux", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Monitoring", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Oregon", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "PORTLAND (Or.)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Portland" }, { "tag": "RAIN & rainfall", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ROOF gardening", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "SUSTAINABLE architecture", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "SUSTAINABLE building" }, { "tag": "SUSTAINABLE buildings", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Stormwater", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/243685/items/JHJZ4ZM9" }, "dateAdded": "2016-02-22T21:53:21Z", "dateModified": "2016-02-22T21:53:21Z" } }, { "key": "7E7MD9JM", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 485485, "name": "Alliance ecoroof", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/alliance_ecoroof", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/485485/items/7E7MD9JM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/alliance_ecoroof/items/7E7MD9JM", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/485485/items/FJJDIX2H", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 861130, "username": "jkleiss", "name": "Jessica Kleiss", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jkleiss", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "7E7MD9JM", "version": 2, "parentItem": "FJJDIX2H", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "EBSCO Record", "accessDate": "2014-02-12T08:36:37Z", "url": "https://login.watzekpx.lclark.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=36556429&site=ehost-live&scope=site&scope=cite", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/243685/items/4J3AVPZM" }, "dateAdded": "2016-02-22T21:53:21Z", "dateModified": "2016-02-22T21:53:21Z" } }, { "key": "RHKJ5623", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 485485, "name": "Alliance ecoroof", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/alliance_ecoroof", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/485485/items/RHKJ5623", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/alliance_ecoroof/items/RHKJ5623", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 861130, "username": "jkleiss", "name": "Jessica Kleiss", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jkleiss", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bowler et al.", "parsedDate": "2010-09-15", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "RHKJ5623", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Urban greening to cool towns and cities: A systematic review of the empirical evidence", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Diana E.", "lastName": "Bowler" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lisette", "lastName": "Buyung-Ali" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Teri M.", "lastName": "Knight" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Andrew S.", "lastName": "Pullin" } ], "abstractNote": "‘Urban greening’ has been proposed as one approach to mitigate the human health consequences of increased temperatures resulting from climate change. We used systematic review methodology to evaluate available evidence on whether greening interventions, such as tree planting or the creation of parks or green roofs, affect the air temperature of an urban area. Most studies investigated the air temperature within parks and beneath trees and are broadly supportive that green sites can be cooler than non-green sites. Meta-analysis was used to synthesize data on the cooling effect of parks and results show that, on average, a park was 0.94 °C cooler in the day. Studies on multiple parks suggest that larger parks and those with trees could be cooler during the day. However, evidence for the cooling effect of green space is mostly based on observational studies of small numbers of green sites. The impact of specific greening interventions on the wider urban area, and whether the effects are due to greening alone, has yet to be demonstrated. The current evidence base does not allow specific recommendations to be made on how best to incorporate greening into an urban area. Further empirical research is necessary in order to efficiently guide the design and planning of urban green space, and specifically to investigate the importance of the abundance, distribution and type of greening. Any urban greening programme implemented would need to be appropriately designed and monitored to continue to evaluate benefit to human health through reducing temperature.", "publicationTitle": "Landscape and Urban Planning", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "September 15, 2010", "volume": "97", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "147-155", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Landscape and Urban Planning", "DOI": "10.1016/j.landurbplan.2010.05.006", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169204610001234", "accessDate": "2014-02-12T07:54:12Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0169-2046", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Urban greening to cool towns and cities", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "This article is a investigation on how urban green spaces can lower temperatures. It is an effort to reduce the affects of climate change on temperature in communities through bringing back natural environments. I like that this study looks at both the effectivness of vegetation to reduce climate change as well as investigates the human health consequences of a raised global temperature.", "tags": [ { "tag": "Climate Change" }, { "tag": "human health" }, { "tag": "urban green spaces" } ], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/243685/items/WF3DTMBA" }, "dateAdded": "2016-02-22T21:53:21Z", "dateModified": "2016-02-22T21:53:21Z" } }, { "key": "VGAHGDHP", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 485485, "name": "Alliance ecoroof", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/alliance_ecoroof", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/485485/items/VGAHGDHP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/alliance_ecoroof/items/VGAHGDHP", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 861130, "username": "jkleiss", "name": "Jessica Kleiss", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jkleiss", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Susca et al.", "parsedDate": "2011-08", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "VGAHGDHP", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Positive effects of vegetation: Urban heat island and green roofs", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T.", "lastName": "Susca" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S. R.", "lastName": "Gaffin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G. R.", "lastName": "Dell’Osso" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper attempts to evaluate the positive effects of vegetation with a multi-scale approach: an urban and a building scale.\nMonitoring the urban heat island in four areas of New York City, we have found an average of 2 °C difference of temperatures between the most and the least vegetated areas, ascribable to the substitution of vegetation with man-made building materials.\nAt micro-scale, we have assessed the effect of surface albedo on climate through the use of a climatological model. Then, using the CO2 equivalents as indicators of the impact on climate, we have compared the surface albedo, and the construction, replacement and use phase of a black, a white and a green roof. By our analyses, we found that both the white and the green roofs are less impactive than the black one; with the thermal resistance, the biological activity of plants and the surface albedo playing a crucial role.", "publicationTitle": "Environmental Pollution", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "August 2011", "volume": "159", "issue": "8–9", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "2119-2126", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Environmental Pollution", "DOI": "10.1016/j.envpol.2011.03.007", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749111001539", "accessDate": "2014-02-13T05:07:40Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0269-7491", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Positive effects of vegetation", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "This article looks at how green roofs can help lower climate temperature in the surrounding areas. It is interesting because they look at how vegetated areas compare to areas with purely man-made materials. This article is relevant because it highlights the benefits of urban green space.", "tags": [ { "tag": "Climate Change" }, { "tag": "GREEN roofs (Gardening)" }, { "tag": "pollution" } ], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/243685/items/87N5XFGD" }, "dateAdded": "2016-02-22T21:53:21Z", "dateModified": "2016-02-22T21:53:21Z" } }, { "key": "IZB28TGI", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 485485, "name": "Alliance ecoroof", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/alliance_ecoroof", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/485485/items/IZB28TGI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/alliance_ecoroof/items/IZB28TGI", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 861130, "username": "jkleiss", "name": "Jessica Kleiss", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jkleiss", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Mirza et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-01-09", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "IZB28TGI", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Plants as Useful Vectors to Reduce Environmental Toxic Arsenic Content", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nosheen", "lastName": "Mirza" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Qaisar", "lastName": "Mahmood" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mohammad", "lastName": "Maroof Shah" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Arshid", "lastName": "Pervez" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sikander", "lastName": "Sultan" } ], "abstractNote": "Arsenic (As) toxicity in soil and water is an increasing menace around the globe. Its concentration both in soil and environment is due to natural and anthropogenic activities. Rising arsenic concentrations in groundwater is alarming due to the health risks to plants, animals, and human beings. Anthropogenic As contamination of soil may result from mining, milling, and smelting of copper, lead, zinc sulfide ores, hide tanning waste, dyes, chemical weapons, electroplating, gas exhaust, application of municipal sludge on land, combustion of fossil fuels, As additives to livestock feed, coal fly ash, and use of arsenical pesticides in agricultural sector. Phytoremediation can be viewed as biological, solar-driven, pump-and-treat system with an extensive, self-extending uptake network (the root system) that enhances the natural ecosystems for subsequent productive use. The present review presents recent scientific developments regarding phytoremediation of arsenic contaminated environments and its possible detoxification mechanisms in plants.", "publicationTitle": "The Scientific World Journal", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2014/01/09", "volume": "2014", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1155/2014/921581", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2014/921581/abs/", "accessDate": "2014-02-13T08:08:49Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "www.hindawi.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "This article looks at how certain plants are now being considered usful phytoremediation of arsenic contaminated ennvironments. Certain plants have detoxification mechanisms that can alleviate anthropocentric contamination to the earth. I think that phytoremediation could be an interesting topic to explore in regards to green development in Portland. This article discusses the significance some plants can have on different aspects of the environment such as soil and ground water contamination. It could be also interesting to see if these plants are being put into Portland urban green spaces. It has very little relevance to my project but is interesting.", "tags": [ { "tag": "Plant Sciences" }, { "tag": "green infrastructure" }, { "tag": "phytoremediation" }, { "tag": "soil contamination" } ], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/243685/items/VF74MSXW" }, "dateAdded": "2016-02-22T21:53:21Z", "dateModified": "2016-02-22T21:53:21Z" } }, { "key": "W9QVTHRA", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 485485, "name": "Alliance ecoroof", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/alliance_ecoroof", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/485485/items/W9QVTHRA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/alliance_ecoroof/items/W9QVTHRA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 861130, "username": "jkleiss", "name": "Jessica Kleiss", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jkleiss", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Mentens et al.", "parsedDate": "2006-08-30", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "W9QVTHRA", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Green roofs as a tool for solving the rainwater runoff problem in the urbanized 21st century?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jeroen", "lastName": "Mentens" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dirk", "lastName": "Raes" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Martin", "lastName": "Hermy" } ], "abstractNote": "During the last two decades, a large amount of research has been published in German on the reduction of rainwater runoff for different types of roof greening. This paper analyzes the original measurements reported in 18 publications. Rainfall–runoff relationships for an annual and seasonal time scale were obtained from the analysis of the available 628 data records. The derived empirical models allowed us to assess the surface runoff from various types of roofs, when roof characteristics and the annual or seasonal precipitation are given. The annual rainfall–runoff relationship for green roofs is strongly determined by the depth of the substrate layer. The retention of rainwater on green roofs is lower in winter than in summer. The application of the derived annual relationship for the region of Brussels showed that extensive roof greening on just 10% of the buildings would already results in a runoff reduction of 2.7% for the region and of 54% for the individual buildings. Green roofs can therefore be a useful tool for reducing urban rainfall runoff. Yet in order to provide a greater effect on overall runoff they should be accompanied by other means of runoff reduction and/or water retention.", "publicationTitle": "Landscape and Urban Planning", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "August 30, 2006", "volume": "77", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "217-226", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Landscape and Urban Planning", "DOI": "10.1016/j.landurbplan.2005.02.010", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169204605000496", "accessDate": "2014-02-13T05:51:50Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0169-2046", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "This article discusses how urban green roofing can reduce urban rainfall runoff. I think that this would be extremely interesting to study in Portland where rainfall is high. The study found that green roofing can reduce runoff, however, it works best with other means of reducing runoff. I like how this study complied data from many different sources, as well as looked at previous studies on the matter.", "tags": [ { "tag": "GREEN roofs (Gardening)" }, { "tag": "rain runoff" } ], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/243685/items/7D6EPNJ2" }, "dateAdded": "2016-02-22T21:53:21Z", "dateModified": "2016-02-22T21:53:21Z" } }, { "key": "5FATATXE", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 485485, "name": "Alliance ecoroof", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/alliance_ecoroof", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/485485/items/5FATATXE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/alliance_ecoroof/items/5FATATXE", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 861130, "username": "jkleiss", "name": "Jessica Kleiss", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jkleiss", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Rowe", "parsedDate": "2011-08", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "5FATATXE", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Green roofs as a means of pollution abatement", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D. Bradley", "lastName": "Rowe" } ], "abstractNote": "Green roofs involve growing vegetation on rooftops and are one tool that can help mitigate the negative effects of pollution. This review encompasses published research to date on how green roofs can help mitigate pollution, how green roof materials influence the magnitude of these benefits, and suggests future research directions. The discussion concentrates on how green roofs influence air pollution, carbon dioxide emissions, carbon sequestration, longevity of roofing membranes that result in fewer roofing materials in landfills, water quality of stormwater runoff, and noise pollution. Suggestions for future directions for research include plant selection, development of improved growing substrates, urban rooftop agriculture, water quality of runoff, supplemental irrigation, the use of grey water, air pollution, carbon sequestration, effects on human health, combining green roofs with complementary related technologies, and economics and policy issues.", "publicationTitle": "Environmental Pollution", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "August 2011", "volume": "159", "issue": "8–9", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "2100-2110", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Environmental Pollution", "DOI": "10.1016/j.envpol.2010.10.029", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749110004859", "accessDate": "2014-02-13T05:02:39Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0269-7491", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "This article looks at how green roofing can mitigate the negetive effects of pollution. It gives suggestion for further research including looking at what plants should be used, roof agriculture, water quality runoff, the effects on human health, ect.. I think it would be interesting to look at what types of plants are especially good in mitigating pollution in Portland.", "tags": [ { "tag": "Climate Change" }, { "tag": "GREEN roofs (Gardening)" }, { "tag": "pollution" }, { "tag": "urban green spaces" } ], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/243685/items/72MQ4STQ" }, "dateAdded": "2016-02-22T21:53:00Z", "dateModified": "2016-02-22T21:53:00Z" } } ]