footnote 11
\nWeak institutional capacity at the local level is not unique to developing countries. Sellers and Lidström (2007) conceptualize several of the institutional constraints discussed in this article (such as term limits and the presence of civil service) as dimensions of institutional capacity and document the pervasiveness of low institutional capacity even in developed countries.
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-07-21T20:02:04Z", "dateModified": "2016-07-21T20:02:22Z" } }, { "key": "5VRZJC32", "version": 312, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 483726, "name": "QDR Annotation Testing", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/5VRZJC32", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing/items/5VRZJC32", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2954277, "username": "qdrGA", "name": "QDR Graduate Assistant", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/qdrga", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Sellers and LidströM", "parsedDate": "2007-12-10", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "5VRZJC32", "version": 312, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Decentralization, Local Government, and the Welfare State: DECENTRALIZATION, LOCAL GOVERNMENT, AND THE WELFARE STATE", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jefferey M.", "lastName": "Sellers" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Anders", "lastName": "LidströM" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Governance", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2007-12-10", "volume": "20", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "609-632", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1468-0491.2007.00374.x", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1468-0491.2007.00374.x", "accessDate": "2016-07-21T20:01:53Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "09521895", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Decentralization, Local Government, and the Welfare State", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "8PT8M6B7" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-07-21T20:01:53Z", "dateModified": "2016-07-21T20:01:53Z" } }, { "key": "5SGTKDV8", "version": 311, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 483726, "name": "QDR Annotation Testing", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/5SGTKDV8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing/items/5SGTKDV8", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/JFC8U455", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2954277, "username": "qdrGA", "name": "QDR Graduate Assistant", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/qdrga", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "5SGTKDV8", "version": 311, "parentItem": "JFC8U455", "itemType": "note", "note": "footnote 6
\nFor example, cities in Mexico State have all received the responsibility for W&S provision through decentralization in the early 1990s (GEM, 1997), are governed by similar fiscal and administrative policies administered by the Mexico State Water Commission, and these three cities selected rely on water from the Cutzamala Dam administered by the Mexico State Water Commission (CNA, 2006, p. 79).
", "tags": [], "relations": { "dc:relation": "http://zotero.org/groups/483726/items/2JKKWNC3" }, "dateAdded": "2016-07-21T19:58:49Z", "dateModified": "2016-07-21T19:59:23Z" } }, { "key": "NPRAKRSX", "version": 309, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 483726, "name": "QDR Annotation Testing", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/NPRAKRSX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing/items/NPRAKRSX", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/FZFA4AW2", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2954277, "username": "qdrGA", "name": "QDR Graduate Assistant", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/qdrga", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "NPRAKRSX", "version": 309, "parentItem": "FZFA4AW2", "itemType": "note", "note": "footnote 6
\nFor example, cities in Mexico State have all received the responsibility for W&S provision through decentralization in the early 1990s (GEM, 1997), are governed by similar fiscal and administrative policies administered by the Mexico State Water Commission, and these three cities selected rely on water from the Cutzamala Dam administered by the Mexico State Water Commission (CNA, 2006, p. 79).
", "tags": [], "relations": { "dc:relation": "http://zotero.org/groups/483726/items/73RSVWFQ" }, "dateAdded": "2016-07-21T19:55:44Z", "dateModified": "2016-07-21T19:58:19Z" } }, { "key": "73HGQCVP", "version": 302, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 483726, "name": "QDR Annotation Testing", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/73HGQCVP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing/items/73HGQCVP", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/GDC62G2V", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2954277, "username": "qdrGA", "name": "QDR Graduate Assistant", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/qdrga", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "73HGQCVP", "version": 302, "parentItem": "GDC62G2V", "itemType": "note", "note": "Analytic Note:
\nThis report is an example of the types of bribes that water utility employees solicit from users to fix their drainage and water systems. Although it is illegal and against official policy at the water utility, the lack of supervision and digitalization of the network allows for rampant abuses. One anonymous source explained that in this water utility, this type of corruption was particularly high and unchecked.
\nEXCERPT IN ORIGINAL:
\n…Comento que solicito a personal de ODAPAS que revisaran su tuberia para saber por que no tiene agua desde haec 15 dias y le informaron que se encontraba tapada, por lo que para poder repararla deberia pagar entre 2 y 3 mil pesos, dependiendo del trabajo que se realizara…la misma situacion denuncio Rebeca Martinez de la Calle Cordobanes, quien menciono que pago 300 pesos por la revision de su red domestica.
\nEXCERPT IN ENGLISH:
\nTranslation: [A water user] commented that they had confronted a ODAPAS [water utility employee] about why they had not received running water in 15 days and was informed that the tubes were plugged, and in order to fix the tubes [the user] would have to pay 2 or 3,000mxp, depending on the amount of work required…the same situation occurred with Rebeca Martinez de la Calle Cordobanes who mentioned that she paid $300mxp to have her water pipes fixed.
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-07-15T20:35:06Z", "dateModified": "2016-07-15T20:35:32Z" } }, { "key": "34GU3WT2", "version": 302, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 483726, "name": "QDR Annotation Testing", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/34GU3WT2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing/items/34GU3WT2", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/EG5W26TI", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2954277, "username": "qdrGA", "name": "QDR Graduate Assistant", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/qdrga", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "34GU3WT2", "version": 302, "parentItem": "EG5W26TI", "itemType": "note", "note": "Analytic Note:
\nThis source is one of many estimates of the amount of water being lost through pipes in the city. This is a figure that is nearly impossible to know with certainty, but different interview materials and interviewees gave similar responses, anywhere from 45-65% of the water that flows through the piped network is lost in transit due to system disrepair.
\nEXCERPT IN ORIGINAL:
\nCerca de 75 por ciento de la red hidraulica de Toluca esta en pesimas condiciones pues ha funcionado por mas de 70 anios…Esta situacion ha derivado que hasta el ultimo reporte de 2008, en 47 por ciento de las tuberias haya fugas del liquid
\nEXCERPT IN ENGLISH:
\nTranslation: Close to 75% of the hydraulic network of Toluca is in terrible conditions since it has been operating for over 70 years. Because of this, 47% of the network has leaks, as reported in the latest 2008 report…
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-07-15T20:34:15Z", "dateModified": "2016-07-15T20:34:41Z" } }, { "key": "WNWS266I", "version": 302, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 483726, "name": "QDR Annotation Testing", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/WNWS266I", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing/items/WNWS266I", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/3Z7IDS2J", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2954277, "username": "qdrGA", "name": "QDR Graduate Assistant", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/qdrga", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "WNWS266I", "version": 302, "parentItem": "3Z7IDS2J", "itemType": "note", "note": "Analytic Note:
\nThis source is a chart documenting the amount of funds for hydraulic construction received by the water utility from 2000-2008. 400% increase in budged was determined by calculating the change from the 2000 general budget figure (presupuesto general) to the 2008 figure (presupuesto general).
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-07-15T20:33:41Z", "dateModified": "2016-07-15T20:33:57Z" } }, { "key": "9WTCQB32", "version": 302, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 483726, "name": "QDR Annotation Testing", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/9WTCQB32", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing/items/9WTCQB32", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/3452NX2S", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2954277, "username": "qdrGA", "name": "QDR Graduate Assistant", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/qdrga", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "9WTCQB32", "version": 302, "parentItem": "3452NX2S", "itemType": "note", "note": "Analytic Note:
\nThis newspaper article confirms what was reported through interview data, that the mayor fell behind in completing public works project during his administration. This point is also corroborated in Milenio 2009d and Sol de Toluca 2009, sources cited (and provided) elsewhere in this study.
\nEXCERPT IN ORIGINAL:
\nAl senialar que ayer se cumplieron 20 meses de la actual administracion municipal de Toluca, y han quedado pendiente de ejecucion diversos acuerdo aprobados por el cabildo, el tercer sindico Tomas Ruiz Perez solicito al alcalde Juan Rodolfo Sanchez Gomez no solo girar instrucciones, sino cuidar y hacer realidad su pronta y eficaz ejecucion, en beneficio de la poblacion.
\nEXCERPT IN ENGLISH:
\nTranslation: As of yesterday the [current] municipal administration of Toluca has been in office for 20 months, and has left a diverse number of public works uncompleted that have been approved by city hall. The city council person Tomas Ruiz Perez demands that the mayor Juan Rodolfo Sanchez Gomez not only give out order but also keep his promises and undertake execution of works to benefit the people.
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-07-15T20:32:45Z", "dateModified": "2016-07-15T20:33:13Z" } }, { "key": "6U44HF7G", "version": 301, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 483726, "name": "QDR Annotation Testing", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/6U44HF7G", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing/items/6U44HF7G", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/9F88CQVV", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2954277, "username": "qdrGA", "name": "QDR Graduate Assistant", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/qdrga", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "6U44HF7G", "version": 301, "parentItem": "9F88CQVV", "itemType": "note", "note": "Analytic Note:
\nJuan Rodolfo Sanchez Gomez, the mayor of Toluca for 2006-2009, had campaigned on the promise of guaranteeing water for the next twenty years, a promise I heard about repeatedly during interviews. This news article reference to this promise is provided in order to document that promise, as well as provide proof that works were left uncompleted.
\nEXCERPT IN ORIGINAL:
\nArturo Morales Hernandez, titular de la dependencia municipal reconocio que “hizo falta tiempo” para concluir con las obras que garantizaran el abasto del liquid durante las proximas dos decadas como fue prometido por el gobierno de Juan Rodolfo Sanchez Gomez.
\nEXCERPT IN ENGLISH:
\nTranslation: Arturo Morales Hernandez, director of the municipal [water utility], noted that they “ran out of time” to finish the public works that would guarantee water for the next two decades as was promised by the administration of Juan Rodolfo Sanchez Gomez.
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-07-15T20:31:59Z", "dateModified": "2016-07-15T20:32:24Z" } }, { "key": "8XZ2MHVT", "version": 300, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 483726, "name": "QDR Annotation Testing", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/8XZ2MHVT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing/items/8XZ2MHVT", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/IUE23M8S", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2954277, "username": "qdrGA", "name": "QDR Graduate Assistant", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/qdrga", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "8XZ2MHVT", "version": 300, "parentItem": "IUE23M8S", "itemType": "note", "note": "Analytic Note:
\nThis interview should read as #54 (not #154). Interview #54 occurred on June 10, 2008 in Toluca, Mexico State, Mexico. The interviewee was a mid level (non managerial position) employee for the Agua y Saneamiento de Toluca water utility who worked in the accounting and financial analysis group of the water utility. This individual held all of the information about the water utility's finances, information which was seen as confidential. This individual was able to explain the methods the water utility had used to attempt to recuperate long-standing debts with consumers, and had significant experience having worked at the water utility for over 15 years. This person was able to explain the limits of these efforts and the (social/political) difficulties of implementing draconian cost recovery policies on their consumers.
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-07-15T20:31:14Z", "dateModified": "2016-07-15T20:31:39Z" } }, { "key": "IUE23M8S", "version": 298, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 483726, "name": "QDR Annotation Testing", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/IUE23M8S", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing/items/IUE23M8S", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2954277, "username": "qdrGA", "name": "QDR Graduate Assistant", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/qdrga", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "mid level (non managerial position) employee for the Agua y Saneamiento de Toluca water utility", "parsedDate": "2008-06-10", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "IUE23M8S", "version": 298, "itemType": "interview", "title": "Interview #154", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "interviewee", "name": "mid level (non managerial position) employee for the Agua y Saneamiento de Toluca water utility" } ], "abstractNote": "", "interviewMedium": "", "date": "June 10, 2008", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "8PT8M6B7" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-07-15T20:29:58Z", "dateModified": "2016-07-15T20:30:52Z" } }, { "key": "PK3U2DJQ", "version": 295, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 483726, "name": "QDR Annotation Testing", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/PK3U2DJQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing/items/PK3U2DJQ", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/HMUGBATN", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2954277, "username": "qdrGA", "name": "QDR Graduate Assistant", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/qdrga", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "PK3U2DJQ", "version": 295, "parentItem": "HMUGBATN", "itemType": "note", "note": "Analytic Note:
\nThis is an example of the types of legal actions that were begun in 2008 to attempt to recuperate long-standing customer debt for water services. In interviews it was revealed that these strategies include sending legal notifications with threats to repossess consumer's property. These types of measures can be thought of as socially controversial, and as of 2008 when interviews were conducted, were only tentatively being implemented.
\nEXCERPT IN ORIGINAL:
\n\"A partir de abril, 30 abogados del organismo de Agua y Saneamiento de Toluca notificaron a 7 mil usuarios morosos del servicio de agua potable, con lo que se espera recuperar poco mas de 50 milliones de peso, que se adeudan desde hace mas de cinco anios...Tenemos usuarios que nunca han pagado el agua, pero nada mas les podemos cobrar cinco anios, porque es lo que establece la ley\"
\nEXCERPT IN ENGLISH:
\nTranslation: As of April, 30 attorneys hired by the Agua y Saneamiento Water Utility of Tolcua notified [or contacted] 7,000 non-paying customers for water service, and it is expected that over $50,000 mxp will be recuperated. This debt is over 5 years old....We have users that have never paid for water, but we can only charge them five years back because that is what the law dictates.\"
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-07-15T20:28:44Z", "dateModified": "2016-07-15T20:29:13Z" } }, { "key": "72JHS67I", "version": 294, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 483726, "name": "QDR Annotation Testing", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/72JHS67I", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing/items/72JHS67I", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/834CS7Z9", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2954277, "username": "qdrGA", "name": "QDR Graduate Assistant", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/qdrga", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "72JHS67I", "version": 294, "parentItem": "834CS7Z9", "itemType": "note", "note": "Analytic Note:
\nThis article, dated 2001, reports the conditions of the Toluca water utility approximately one year after the first right of center PAN mayor has taken office and begun exploring whether it is feasible to increase water prices or begin a commercialization strategy. It is interesting to note that the PAN water utility directors begin to asses the financial records of the water utility and find that the number of households that do not pay their water bills (approximately half of clients do not pay). However in order to perform basic maintenance tasks and keep the water utility afloat, functionaries must have some revenue coming in, especially after the lack of subsidies and direct transfers after services were decentralized. In order to have some income, they opt to forgive not the debt owed but the part of consumer debt that comes from interests and fees. They are asking customers to pay their debt balance, or a portion of it, and offering to pardon “late fees.” Although this is a means by which to increase the water utility’s income, it is a minor short-term fix that sidesteps the politically sensitive issue of raising tariffs for poor service.
\nEXCERPT IN ORIGINAL:
\nTras dar a conocer que de las casi 120 mil tomas que se tienen registradas en el municpio, 50 mil aun no pagan el uso del vital liquid, el Organismo de Agua Potable de esta ciudad inicio un programa de descuentos de hasta el 100 por ciento en multas y recargos, accion que permitiria al ayuntamiento recaudar recursos por 150 millones de pesos… “nos preocupa que de alguna manera, este dinero, durante anios se ha venido manejando como un rezago que al paso del tiempo se hav uelto una especie de illusion pensar en el hecho de que acudiran a pagar”
\nEXCERPT IN ENGLISH:
\nTranslation: After determining that of almost the 120,000 connections registered with the municipality, 50,000 [homes] don’t pay for water, the water utility of this city began a program of discounts up to 100% of all fines and fees on overdue water bills, policies that will allow the municipality to recuperate up to S150,000 mxp. …“it is worrisome that in some sense these funds, for years have been managed like a debt that has become an allusion to think that it will some day be paid…”
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-07-15T20:27:58Z", "dateModified": "2016-07-15T20:28:27Z" } }, { "key": "NF5KGJ5X", "version": 293, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 483726, "name": "QDR Annotation Testing", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/NF5KGJ5X", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing/items/NF5KGJ5X", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/ATZ3IKTQ", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2954277, "username": "qdrGA", "name": "QDR Graduate Assistant", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/qdrga", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "NF5KGJ5X", "version": 293, "parentItem": "ATZ3IKTQ", "itemType": "note", "note": "2.
\nAnalytic Note:
\nTo calculate the number of metered connections in Naucalpan, I summed the number of metered connections (servicio medido) from each category of user (excluding bajas definitivas), and took the percentage out of total number of connections which is 144,052
\nEXCERPT:
\nSee chart
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-07-15T20:26:49Z", "dateModified": "2016-07-15T20:27:36Z" } }, { "key": "9PH438KW", "version": 293, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 483726, "name": "QDR Annotation Testing", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/9PH438KW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing/items/9PH438KW", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/ATZ3IKTQ", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2954277, "username": "qdrGA", "name": "QDR Graduate Assistant", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/qdrga", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "9PH438KW", "version": 293, "parentItem": "ATZ3IKTQ", "itemType": "note", "note": "1.
\nEXCERPT IN ORIGINAL:
\nSee 1313 total under Industrial category of users in Chart entitled “Reporte de Tomas por Tipo de Contrataciones”
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-07-15T19:51:34Z", "dateModified": "2016-07-15T20:26:43Z" } }, { "key": "6PF22ZQ4", "version": 292, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 483726, "name": "QDR Annotation Testing", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/6PF22ZQ4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing/items/6PF22ZQ4", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/X96RAMR6", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2954277, "username": "qdrGA", "name": "QDR Graduate Assistant", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/qdrga", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "6PF22ZQ4", "version": 292, "parentItem": "X96RAMR6", "itemType": "note", "note": "Analytic Note:
\non p 34, numero de tomas is N =135,469, this is the total amount of registered connections. on p. 33, two charts show the following number of connections with meters (uso domestico y uso no domestico con servicio medido): 8309 (domestic) and 1969 (non domestic). 1969+8309=10,278 10,278 is 7.5% of 135,469.
\nEXCERPT:
\nSee charts on pps 33 and 34 and annotation
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-07-15T20:25:22Z", "dateModified": "2016-07-15T20:26:05Z" } }, { "key": "D8RVCHFQ", "version": 291, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 483726, "name": "QDR Annotation Testing", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/D8RVCHFQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing/items/D8RVCHFQ", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/NXJDXM5Z", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2954277, "username": "qdrGA", "name": "QDR Graduate Assistant", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/qdrga", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "D8RVCHFQ", "version": 291, "parentItem": "NXJDXM5Z", "itemType": "note", "note": "Analytic Note:
\nHistorically in Mexico public institutions have had particular legal agreements with the federal government guaranteeing them free water access. As the water commercialization initiative began throughout the country, these arrangements have hampered the ability of local public officials to charge for water and also install meters after decentralization. These tensions are particularly intense in state capitals where the number of public institutions are much more numerous than in other cities, thereby creating systematic challenges for capital cities wishing to adopt commercialization policies. Toluca is one such city, and this article reports on this particular problem Toluca faces and some of the strategies the city has adopted to address the problem.
\nEXCERPT IN ORIGINAL:
\nMorales Hernandez [el director del organism de agua potable] refirio que tienen un estimado de mil 100 edificios publicos que no pagan agua en Toluca, de un total de entre mil 150 o mil 200; cifras que esperan detector con precision una vez que terminen de instalar medidores el proximo mes de enero.
\nEXCERPT IN ENGLISH:
\nTranslation: Morales Hernandez [the director of the water utility] notes that they have an estimate of 1,100 public institutions that do not pay for water in Toluca, out of 150,000 or 200,00, an estimate that they hope to have an exact figure for after they are finished with the new meter installation project.
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-07-15T20:24:28Z", "dateModified": "2016-07-15T20:25:01Z" } }, { "key": "7I26GUCK", "version": 291, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 483726, "name": "QDR Annotation Testing", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/7I26GUCK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing/items/7I26GUCK", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/PBDPPCTJ", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2954277, "username": "qdrGA", "name": "QDR Graduate Assistant", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/qdrga", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "7I26GUCK", "version": 291, "parentItem": "PBDPPCTJ", "itemType": "note", "note": "Analytic Note:
\nThis source explains the range of service responsibility Toluca's water utility has. The water utility is mandated to service the urban, peri-urban and a limited portion of rural residents, but is not required to serve peri-urban and rural consumers that are served by \"local committees\" due to these committees having pre-existing legal arrangements with the state government, which was revealed during interviews (especially Interviews # 35, 43 ). The sum of people being served outside of the water utility's mandate (88,868+161,723) is 30% of the total amount of population being served (815,297).
\nEXCERPT IN ORIGINAL:
\nChart titled: Cobertura de los Servicios on p 1 out of 13.
\nEXCERPT IN ENGLISH:
\nTranslation: Service Coverage. Gives the total population, water and sewage coverage by type of consumer (urban, peri-urban, rural).
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-07-15T20:23:47Z", "dateModified": "2016-07-15T20:24:16Z" } }, { "key": "GGXRPTQN", "version": 290, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 483726, "name": "QDR Annotation Testing", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/GGXRPTQN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing/items/GGXRPTQN", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/DQUSASAV", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2954277, "username": "qdrGA", "name": "QDR Graduate Assistant", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/qdrga", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "GGXRPTQN", "version": 290, "parentItem": "DQUSASAV", "itemType": "note", "note": "Analytic Note:
\nThis newspaper article reports that there are at least 5 industries located within the city that use approximately 1/3 of the city's freshwater supplies. These industries do so legally as they have the required permits from the federal government to extract water, but its problematic for the city government, whose mayor is reported here to lament the use of ever decreasing freshwater (underground aquifers) for industrial uses that do not require potable drinking water. Because these industries directly manage their water extraction with the federal government, the water utility is unable to count them as paying customers, which means less revenue for the water utility and diverted freshwater resources that could otherwise be used for the city's urban population.
\nEXCERPT IN ORIGINAL:
\n\"En Toluca se asientan al menos cinco industrias que utilizan el 30 por ciento del agua del total que se consume de manera domestica en el municipio\"
\nEXCERPT IN ENGLISH:
\nTranslation: In Toluca there are five industries that consume 30% of the total amount of water consumed throughout the city\"
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-07-15T20:22:36Z", "dateModified": "2016-07-15T20:23:09Z" } }, { "key": "C6SJ843A", "version": 289, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 483726, "name": "QDR Annotation Testing", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/C6SJ843A", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing/items/C6SJ843A", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/ANCZBR6V", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2954277, "username": "qdrGA", "name": "QDR Graduate Assistant", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/qdrga", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "C6SJ843A", "version": 289, "parentItem": "ANCZBR6V", "itemType": "note", "note": "Analytic Note:
\nI include this source to illustrate the types of promises that emerge during municipal electoral campaigns with respect to lowering water tariffs, and also to illustrate the difference in rhetoric and ideology from the PAN’s business oriented technocratic strategy to the PRI’s populist discourse. These comments by what became the incoming mayor suggest that she would be uninterested in pursuing cost recovery policies that hurt the PRI’s traditional base of low-income users.
\nEXCERPT IN ORIGINAL:
\nLa candidata del PRI a la alcaldia de Naucalpan, Azucena Olivares Villagomez, se comprometio a revisar las arifas de agua potable en el municipio, “para que se cobre lo justo y los usuarios reciban la cantidad que necesitan.” Destaco que persisteun malestar en la ciudadania por los elevados cobros que hace el organismo, sobre todo en la zona residencial, donde la gente paga muy alto el costo por el servicio.
\nEXCERPT IN ENGLISH:
\nThe PRI mayoral candidate Azucena Olivares Villagomez promised to review water tariffs in the city, “so that we charge what is fair and so that user receive the amount [of water] they need.” She explained that there was a pervasive discontentment throughout the citizenry over the elevated tariffs charged by the water utility, especially in residential zones, where people are paying tariffs that are too high.
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-07-15T20:21:41Z", "dateModified": "2016-07-15T20:22:15Z" } }, { "key": "E83F7FV7", "version": 289, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 483726, "name": "QDR Annotation Testing", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/E83F7FV7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing/items/E83F7FV7", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/PGWFK2GW", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2954277, "username": "qdrGA", "name": "QDR Graduate Assistant", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/qdrga", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "E83F7FV7", "version": 289, "parentItem": "PGWFK2GW", "itemType": "note", "note": "Analytic Note:
\nThis is a poster distributed by the water utility to advertise the construction of hydraulic works infrastructure constructed by the 2006-2009 municipal administration (Mayor Duran’s second administration). The horizontal banner asks: which service is most important? The title says: In order to prevent flooding, we are constructing the Alivio Pluvial el Molinito, at a cost of $4,777,700.00mxp, to benefit over 10,000 inhabitants and the following neighborhoods: Fraccion. Jardines de Molinito Ampliacion Loma Linda, El Molinito y San Luis Tlatilco.
\nThis data is provided to show the partisan branding conducted on public works projects undertaken by Mayor Duran, as a part of credit claiming and support for his political party, and to justify the more unpopular cost recovery measures that were undertaken such as tariff increases. The poster is in blue, which is the PAN’s party color, and on the upper left hand corner there is a 2006-2009 logo, which indicates that the project is being constructed under the Mayoral administration of 2006-2009 or Mayor Duran.
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-07-15T20:21:14Z", "dateModified": "2016-07-15T20:21:28Z" } }, { "key": "TVJS6ARH", "version": 288, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 483726, "name": "QDR Annotation Testing", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/TVJS6ARH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing/items/TVJS6ARH", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/E4776BN8", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2954277, "username": "qdrGA", "name": "QDR Graduate Assistant", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/qdrga", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "TVJS6ARH", "version": 288, "parentItem": "E4776BN8", "itemType": "note", "note": "Analytic Note:
\nThis is a poster or advertisement distributed by the water utility to promote consumer willingness to pay for water service during the 2006-2009 municipal administration (Mayor Duran’s second administration). The horizontal banner asks: which service is most important? The banner compares utility prices for telephone, gas, electricity and water service, noting that water service is the least expensive yet the most vital to human existence. At the bottom of the ad it asks: If water is the most important and least expensive service, why do some people not pay for water service?
\nThis is a professionally designed and very effective advertising message complete with mascot and branded logo. I share this data to demonstrate the level of effort and commitment to marketing cost recovery campaigns this municipal administration undertook, which far exceeded what I observed in other water utilities that were part of the larger research project.
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-07-15T20:20:26Z", "dateModified": "2016-07-15T20:20:49Z" } }, { "key": "IC7GSND4", "version": 287, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 483726, "name": "QDR Annotation Testing", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/IC7GSND4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing/items/IC7GSND4", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/SDZEUAKE", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2954277, "username": "qdrGA", "name": "QDR Graduate Assistant", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/qdrga", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "IC7GSND4", "version": 287, "parentItem": "SDZEUAKE", "itemType": "note", "note": "Analytic Note:
\nThis newspaper article reports that the Naucalpan water utility pledged $75 million mxp in hydraulic construction at the beginning of Mayor Duran’s administration 1997-2000. This was intended to construct works to benefit 250,000 residents.
\nI include this source to provide evidence for the assertion that PAN Mayor Duran’s first administration began a process of improvements in the physical and operational aspects of service delivery, and stood in sharp contrast to the level of commitment by prior PRI administrations to improve water service infrastructure in Naucalpan.
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-07-15T20:19:36Z", "dateModified": "2016-07-15T20:20:01Z" } }, { "key": "UTRH4V97", "version": 286, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 483726, "name": "QDR Annotation Testing", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/UTRH4V97", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing/items/UTRH4V97", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/W3UA3C3K", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2954277, "username": "qdrGA", "name": "QDR Graduate Assistant", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/qdrga", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "UTRH4V97", "version": 286, "parentItem": "W3UA3C3K", "itemType": "note", "note": "EXCERPT IN ORIGINAL:
\nDe los 15 puestos de primer nivel que otorgo la Alcaldesa Angelica Moya y ratifico el Cabildo neuve estan asignados a personas que ya desampiaban algun cargo en la pasada administracion.
\nEXCERPT IN ENGLISH:
\nTranslation: Of the 15 directorship positions [or category 1 positions] that Mayor Angelica Moya assigned and were ratified in city hall, nine were given to people who had served in the prior administration.
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-07-15T20:18:50Z", "dateModified": "2016-07-15T20:19:08Z" } }, { "key": "XJW5UUN2", "version": 284, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 483726, "name": "QDR Annotation Testing", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/XJW5UUN2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/qdr_annotation_testing/items/XJW5UUN2", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483726/items/7NV6VT8B", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2954277, "username": "qdrGA", "name": "QDR Graduate Assistant", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/qdrga", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "XJW5UUN2", "version": 284, "parentItem": "7NV6VT8B", "itemType": "note", "note": "Analytic Note:
\nThese newspaper articles published in 2008 and 2009 are presented to demonstrate some of the ongoing challenges that the water utility has in increasing tariffs and collecting payment from consumers ten years after the initial cost recovery policies were implemented. They are meant to be illustrative, rather than an exhaustive account of each incident concerning challenges to implementing cost recovery. And they are meant to document that these problems persist even a decade after initial protests began. Universal 2008 notes that 50,000 residents have not paid for water service in the last five years. Reforma 2008 notes that 35% of total water utility customers do not pay their water bill on time. Reforma 2009a notes that a Spanish consulting firm conducted a study (aided in part by IADB funds) of the water utility and found that 14,000 users were not paying for water and 1500 km of pipes were detected that were derivative clandestine connections.
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-07-15T20:18:07Z", "dateModified": "2016-07-15T20:18:33Z" } } ]