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Our challenge is not just articulating attractive alternatives, but identifying credible strategies for actualizing them.", "type": "", "date": "2016", "publisher": "The Next System Project", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://thenextsystem.org//wp-content/uploads/2016/04/DavidBollier.pdf", "accessDate": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "CC licensed", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "commons" } ], "collections": [ "2AXFCDJA" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-08-10T16:36:30Z", "dateModified": "2016-08-10T16:36:30Z" } }, { "key": "BQ5VNHSI", "version": 29, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 483665, "name": "Force 11 Scholarly Commons", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/force_11_scholarly_commons", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483665/items/BQ5VNHSI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/force_11_scholarly_commons/items/BQ5VNHSI", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 294283, "username": "Junana", "name": "Bruce Caron", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/junana", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bollier and Helfrich", "parsedDate": "2015", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BQ5VNHSI", "version": 29, "itemType": "book", "title": "Patterns of Commoning", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "David", "lastName": "Bollier" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Silke", "lastName": "Helfrich" } ], "abstractNote": "What accounts for the persistence and spread of “commoning,” the irrepressible desire of people to collaborate and share to meet everyday needs? How are the more successful projects governed? And why are so many people embracing the commons as a powerful strategy for building a fair, humane and Earth-respecting social order?\nIn more than fifty original essays, Patterns of Commoning addresses these questions and probes the inner complexities of this timeless social paradigm. 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Using a novel measure that we call the “retraction index,” we found that the frequency of retraction varies among journals and shows a strong correlation with the journal impact factor. Although retractions are relatively rare, the retraction process is essential for correcting the literature and maintaining trust in the scientific process.", "publicationTitle": "Infection and Immunity", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "10/01/2011", "volume": "79", "issue": "10", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "3855-3859", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Infect. 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So far, in order to persuade the public of the need to support science, technology, and innovation, efforts have largely focused on communicating something of the beauty, the glamour, and the enthusiasm of science and technology. In the future, more must be done to explain how research is actually carried out. Simultaneously, society's expectations must be better incorporated into the process of research.", "publicationTitle": "Science", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2005/05/20", "volume": "308", "issue": "5725", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1117-1118", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1126/science.1113825", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://science.sciencemag.org.ezproxy.alu.talonline.ca/content/308/5725/1117", "accessDate": "2016-02-17T20:45:59Z", "PMID": "15905384", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0036-8075, 1095-9203", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "science.sciencemag.org.ezproxy.alu.talonline.ca", "callNumber": "", "rights": "© 2005 American Association for the Advancement of Science", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-02-19T21:59:19Z", "dateModified": "2016-02-19T21:59:19Z" } }, { "key": "5AXZMXUF", "version": 50, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 483665, "name": "Force 11 Scholarly Commons", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/force_11_scholarly_commons", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483665/items/5AXZMXUF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/force_11_scholarly_commons/items/5AXZMXUF", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 632779, "username": "daniel.odonnell", "name": "Daniel O'Donnell", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/daniel.odonnell", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Fang et al.", "parsedDate": "2012-10-16", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "5AXZMXUF", "version": 50, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Misconduct accounts for the majority of retracted scientific publications", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ferric C.", "lastName": "Fang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. Grant", "lastName": "Steen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Arturo", "lastName": "Casadevall" } ], "abstractNote": "A detailed review of all 2,047 biomedical and life-science research articles indexed by PubMed as retracted on May 3, 2012 revealed that only 21.3% of retractions were attributable to error. In contrast, 67.4% of retractions were attributable to misconduct, including fraud or suspected fraud (43.4%), duplicate publication (14.2%), and plagiarism (9.8%). Incomplete, uninformative or misleading retraction announcements have led to a previous underestimation of the role of fraud in the ongoing retraction epidemic. The percentage of scientific articles retracted because of fraud has increased ∼10-fold since 1975. Retractions exhibit distinctive temporal and geographic patterns that may reveal underlying causes.", "publicationTitle": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Oct 16, 2012", "volume": "109", "issue": "42", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "17028-17033", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.", "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.1212247109", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "23027971", "PMCID": "PMC3479492", "ISSN": "1091-6490", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Duplicate Publication as Topic", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Plagiarism", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "PubMed", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Retraction of Publication as Topic", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Scientific Misconduct", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Time Factors", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-02-19T21:59:19Z", "dateModified": "2016-02-19T21:59:19Z" } }, { "key": "8QTDRVII", "version": 50, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 483665, "name": "Force 11 Scholarly Commons", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/force_11_scholarly_commons", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483665/items/8QTDRVII", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/force_11_scholarly_commons/items/8QTDRVII", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 632779, "username": "daniel.odonnell", "name": "Daniel O'Donnell", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/daniel.odonnell", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ioannidis", "parsedDate": "2005-08", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "8QTDRVII", "version": 50, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Why Most Published Research Findings Are False", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John P. A.", "lastName": "Ioannidis" } ], "abstractNote": "Published research findings are sometimes refuted by subsequent evidence, says Ioannidis, with ensuing confusion and disappointment.", "publicationTitle": "PLoS Medicine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2005-8", "volume": "2", "issue": "8", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "PLoS Med", "DOI": "10.1371/journal.pmed.0020124", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1182327/", "accessDate": "2016-02-17T21:33:04Z", "PMID": "16060722", "PMCID": "PMC1182327", "ISSN": "1549-1277", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed Central", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-02-19T21:59:19Z", "dateModified": "2016-02-19T21:59:19Z" } }, { "key": "WKRMIXG3", "version": 50, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 483665, "name": "Force 11 Scholarly Commons", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/force_11_scholarly_commons", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483665/items/WKRMIXG3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/force_11_scholarly_commons/items/WKRMIXG3", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 632779, "username": "daniel.odonnell", "name": "Daniel O'Donnell", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/daniel.odonnell", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Young et al.", "parsedDate": "2008-10", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "WKRMIXG3", "version": 50, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Why Current Publication Practices May Distort Science", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Neal S", "lastName": "Young" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John P. A", "lastName": "Ioannidis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Omar", "lastName": "Al-Ubaydli" } ], "abstractNote": "John Ioannidis and colleagues argue that the current system of publication in biomedical research provides a distorted view of the reality of scientific data.\n\nThe current system of publication in biomedical research provides a distorted view of the reality of scientific data that are generated in the laboratory and clinic. This system can be studied by applying principles from the field of economics. The “winner's curse,” a more general statement of publication bias, suggests that the small proportion of results chosen for publication are unrepresentative of scientists' repeated samplings of the real world. The self-correcting mechanism in science is retarded by the extreme imbalance between the abundance of supply (the output of basic science laboratories and clinical investigations) and the increasingly limited venues for publication (journals with sufficiently high impact). This system would be expected intrinsically to lead to the misallocation of resources. The scarcity of available outlets is artificial, based on the costs of printing in an electronic age and a belief that selectivity is equivalent to quality. Science is subject to great uncertainty: we cannot be confident now which efforts will ultimately yield worthwhile achievements. However, the current system abdicates to a small number of intermediates an authoritative prescience to anticipate a highly unpredictable future. In considering society's expectations and our own goals as scientists, we believe that there is a moral imperative to reconsider how scientific data are judged and disseminated.", "publicationTitle": "PLoS Medicine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2008-10", "volume": "5", "issue": "10", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "PLoS Med", "DOI": "10.1371/journal.pmed.0050201", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2561077/", "accessDate": "2016-02-17T21:33:36Z", "PMID": "18844432", "PMCID": "PMC2561077", "ISSN": "1549-1277", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed Central", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-02-19T21:59:19Z", "dateModified": "2016-02-19T21:59:19Z" } }, { "key": "VEIEGP77", "version": 50, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 483665, "name": "Force 11 Scholarly Commons", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/force_11_scholarly_commons", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/483665/items/VEIEGP77", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/force_11_scholarly_commons/items/VEIEGP77", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 632779, "username": "daniel.odonnell", "name": "Daniel O'Donnell", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/daniel.odonnell", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Resnik et al.", "parsedDate": "2015-07", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "VEIEGP77", "version": 50, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Retraction policies of top scientific journals ranked by impact factor", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David B.", "lastName": "Resnik" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Elizabeth", "lastName": "Wager" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Grace E.", "lastName": "Kissling" } ], "abstractNote": "Objective\nThis study gathered information about the retraction policies of the top 200 scientific journals, ranked by impact factor.\n\nMethods\nEditors of the top 200 science journals for the year 2012 were contacted by email.\n\nResults\nOne hundred forty-seven journals (74%) responded to a request for information. Of these, 95 (65%) had a retraction policy. Of journals with a retraction policy, 94% had a policy that allows the editors to retract articles without authors’ consent.\n\nConclusions\nThe majority of journals in this sample had a retraction policy, and almost all of them would retract an article without the authors’ permission.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of the Medical Library Association : JMLA", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2015-7", "volume": "103", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "136-139", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Med Libr Assoc", "DOI": "10.3163/1536-5050.103.3.006", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4511053/", "accessDate": "2016-02-17T19:39:33Z", "PMID": "26213505", "PMCID": "PMC4511053", "ISSN": "1536-5050", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed Central", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-02-19T21:59:19Z", "dateModified": "2016-02-19T21:59:19Z" } } ]