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1. Christina Culler

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2.         This article is an interview of Shirley Geok-lin Lim.  The person doing the interview is Mohammed A. Quayum.  In the interview we see that Shirley Geok-lin Lim gets “much of her imagination comes from her earlier experiences as a Malaysian.”(Page 88)  Shirley Geok-lin Lim talks about “the status of being Malaysian American is nothing like that of an Asian American, because the two states have very different constitutions and institutional structures.  Asian Americans not face a constitutional restriction on their rights as citizens.  Prejudices and racism are as present in the U.S. as they are anywhere, but actions proven to arise from these evils are legally prohibited.”  (Page 89)

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Shirley Geok-lin Lim says her story of Joss and Gold was a rewriting of the Madama Butterfly story, “only with a white American Peace corps “hero” and a Chinese Malaysian woman; and the May 13th riots were to be foregrounded as the marker for the novel’s race and gender politics in which Malay, Chinese, and American were all to play a part.  The subplot of Indian and Chinese interracial relationship was in the mix from the very outset.  The fact that the narrative moves through three national territories, cultures, and distinctive time frames also enabled the generation of what appears to be a seamless text. “(Page 95)

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Mohammed A. Quayum mentions that in the novel “all the central male characters are somewhat weak and fail to measure up to their female counterparts”.  (Page 96)  Shirley Geok-lin Lim thought that the statement was incorrect, in that she does not mean for the male characters to seem weak.

\n

3.         In this interview Mohammed A. Quayum asks some very good questions to Shirley Geok-lin Lim.  We see exactly what Shirley Geok-lin Lim wanted use to get out of her novel Joss and Gold.  This interview let us see how Shirley Geok-lin Lim wanted us to view the characters in her novel.  I enjoyed reading this article because it helped me with understanding exactly what Shirley Geok-lin Lim wanted people to get from her novel.

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4. Why doesn’t Shirley Geok-lin Lim say that she did not want people to view the male characters as weak?

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What are your feelings about Meryl?

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1. Christina Culler

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2.         The novel Joss and Gold took Shirley-lin Lim 22 years to complete.  Shirley-lin Lim “was born in Malacca, studied in Singapore, is an American citizen; she is a Professor of English and Women’s Studies at the University of California in Santa Barbara, and chair of the English Department at the University of Hong Kong; she has received the Commonwealth Poetry Prize and two American Book Awards.” (Page 138)  The novel Joss and Gold “consists of three books:  Crossing: Kuala Lumpur, 1968-1969, Circling: Westchester County, New York, 1980, and Landing: Singapore, 1981”.  (Page 138)  An important part in the novel is “on the night of the 1969 anti-Chinese riots where Li An is saved and seduced by Chester”.  (Page 138)  On that night she gets pregnant.  Her husband eventually divorces her after finding out the child is not his.  The child belongs to Chester.

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“Problems of multiracialism is Malaysia (the Chinese could not win elections without trouble starting up, Abdullah, a Malay, had said) and small-mindedness in America (Chester was surprised that his young female students showed almost no curiosity about actual foreign countries) land on the city-state”.  (Page 139)  “In Malay, a Chinese friend of Li An’s had committed suicide because she could not marry her Indian lover; now Singapore reshapes the resources of a multinational world, accepting the past and making possible a new start which is grounded in economics and the psyches, science and literature.”  (Page 139)

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3.         This was a great article that really summed up the novel.  It added some background of Shirley-lin Lim.  It also discussed some important points of the novel.  It broke down the novel into important points.  This article broke down each section of the book and separated it in years and where each section took place.

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4.         Why do you think Shirley-lin Lim made Chester and Li An sleep together the night of the 1969 riots?

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Why would Shirley-lin Lim have Li An move to Singapore not America after the birth of her baby?

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Christina Culler- Chang.pdf

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2.         This article was a great look at analyzing the book, Joss and Gold.  This article discussed “the historical events and myths to present an allegory of this epic interaction between East and West.” (Page 150)  It talked about how the race riots in Malaysia on May 13, 1969 were a “serve pivotal event” in this novel.  (Page 151)  It mentioned how Gina’s death “results from a convergence of longtime strife among different races and cultures in Malaysia”.  (Page 152)  It talked about how May 13 was the most important point in the novel.

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The novel connects the different races and the culture.  Each character in the novel starts out in Malaysia and moves to somewhere else.  That all the people in Malaysia move after the riots.  “Indeed, they represent a microcosm of post- May 13th Malaysia:  people leaving for different places in the world- Australia, Canada, and the UK and so many other destinations- to escape racial hegemony and cultural bigotry.” (Page 155)

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3.         This article showed a great deal of knowledge in breaking down the meanings behind Shirley Geok-lin Lim’s work.  It had views on why things happened the way they did.  Everything in the novel related back to the May 13th riots.  The characters in the novel were represented by many different races and cultures.  This was shown throughout the article with quotes from Joss and Gold.

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4.   Why do you think Shirley Geok-lin Lim made Suyin’s classmates make fun of her?

\n

Why was it strange that Suyin was only being raised by woman?

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How did Suyin’s life change once Henry and Chester were involved in her life?

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Christina Culler

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2.         The country of Malaysia has a population of 25 million people.  It consists of “60 percent Malay, 30 percent Chinese, 7 percent Indian, and the remainder, indigenous people.  The country of Malaysia was ruled by the British from 1786 to 1957.”  (Page 214)  The British imported Chinese and Indian immigrants to Malaysia.  The Chinese immigrants worked on tin mines and the Indian immigrants worked in rubber plantations.   “English was taught to these immigrants”.  (Page 214)  Shirley Geok-lin Lim was a writer from “feminism to sociopolitical commentary”.  (Page 215)

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After the riots of May 13th, 1969 “the position of English as a language for poetry writing was weak.  Two hundred Chinese were killed in the race riots.  Bahasa Malaysia was declared the national language and all literature written  in this language were to be called ‘national’ literature.”  (Page 215)  Literature written in English, Chinese and Tamil language were called “sectional” literature.  After the riots many writers stopped writing.  Shirley Geok-lin Lim stopped writing for a decade.

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The book added a quote from Shirley Geok-lin Lim that said, “We will never stop being overwhelmed by history/race.

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3.         This book gave a lot of background on Malaysia the country.  It discussed British colonialism in Malaysia.  It talked about why there were so many races in the country of Malaysia.  It mentioned the riots and the tragedies it had caused to the people.

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4.         What is the meaning of Shirley Geok-lin Lim’s quote?

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How does the quote relate to Joss and Gold?

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\n

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    \n
  1. Christina Culler
    2. \n
  2. In this article it discusses the book Joss and Gold by Shirley Geok-lin Lim.  Li An is the central character in the book.  She attempts to leave the past behind her.  She is “a tutor of English literature in Malaysia, she marries an eligible bachelor, Henry Yeh.  She falls in love with Chester Brookfield, a white American Peace Corps, and becomes pregnant by him”.  (Page 23)  When her husband finds out the baby is not his he leaves her.  Chester comes back into her life and wants to take on the role of father to Suyin.
    3. \n
  3. In this article Indira Karamcheti is three different books.  She discusses This Place Called Absence by Lydia Kwa, Shadow Theatre by Fiona Cheong, and Joss and Gold by Shirley Geok-lin Lim.  In these three novels it allows Western readers to become familiar with ideas of “Singapore women and, through them, about this region of the world”.  (Page 22)  In Joss and Gold it shows, “Singapore is the city of the future: both sanctuary and promised land, the place of opportunity and independence in which the past can be reconciled with the present”.  (Page 22)  Li An is the “heroine of the novel”.  (Page 23)  Joss and Gold, has something in common with the other three books, it discusses “ghosts, sex and babies”. (Page 23)  The narration in Joss and Gold is “fairly straightforward, chronological one, told throughout in standard English, although dialogue often captures the inflection and vocabulary of the spoken form”.  (Page 23)
    4. \n
  4. Will Suyin be excepted in her own country even though she is a mix?
    5. \n
\n

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Why is British Literature so important to Li An even though it is a “vestige of shameful colonial past”?

\n

 

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1. Aphrodite Triantafillou

\n

2. This aritcle goes over the religious beliefs of Umuofia. It mentions the role of the Oracle and how over the coarse of Things Fall Apart their beliefs aren't placed first.  An example of this would be when an Igbo man asks a white man about his god, the Oracle is never mentioned again in the story.  Another example would be when \"no one thanked the gods for the building destructions; no one even credits them with and hand in it\"(133).

\n

3. I like this article because it showed how the Igbo people were apposed to the European ways but where also forgetting about their own beliefs and customs without realizing.

\n

4. The work brings up the question of the Igbo people believing in \"divinity of the egwugwu\". I'm not sure what the reason is but it might be because the missionaries were there too long, and the Igbo people had no choice really in converting.

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1. Aphrodite Triantafillou

\n

2. In this article, Diana Akers Rhoads presents three claims.  First is \"to present the peculiarities of the Igbo culture\".  The second present the culture's \"weaknesses\" and lastly to present the \"common humanity\" amongs the Europeans and Aficans (61-62).  The author goes on to describe how the Igbo beliefs where similar and if not better than those of the Europeans.  Futhermore, the Igbo religion \"works as effectively as Chrisitianity\" (64).  There was one god and both had \"messengers\", Chukwu for the Igbos and Jesus Christ for the Europeans (65).

\n

3. I found the article very interesting, but I don't know if I complete agree with some of its main points.  In Things Fall Apart the missionarie's main argument for the Igbos beliefs not being real is because they worshiped wooden idols and worshiped many gods instead of one.

\n

4. The article questions \"common humanity\" between the Igbos and the Europeans.  Rhoads believes Achebe was trying to show that \"perpetual human types recur in all cultures and that all effective civilizaitions must learn to deal with other types\" (70).

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1. Lea Alton

\n

2. The main point of the article is to show Achebe’s reasoning behind writing “Things Fall Apart as well as the idea of “ethics ressentiment”. It discusses, using comments from other sources how well this idea comes to be, as well as textural examples from the text.

\n

3. I thought that this criticism worked really well in my presentation. It talked a lot about the contextual meaning in “Things Fall Apart”, however while he quoted a lot of different sources, he very rarely gave his opinion.

\n

4. Questions:

\n

What does he feel about the questions he raised?

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