[ { "key": "EDSUNJH2", "version": 142, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 467641, "name": "BA projekt", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ba_projekt", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/467641/items/EDSUNJH2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ba_projekt/items/EDSUNJH2", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/467641/items/HQ6BW63U", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1833129, "username": "Mariemy", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mariemy", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "EDSUNJH2", "version": 142, "parentItem": "HQ6BW63U", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2016-05-26T10:16:33Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11794153", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-05-26T10:16:33Z", "dateModified": "2016-05-26T10:16:33Z" } }, { "key": "HQ6BW63U", "version": 142, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 467641, "name": "BA projekt", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ba_projekt", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/467641/items/HQ6BW63U", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ba_projekt/items/HQ6BW63U", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1833129, "username": "Mariemy", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mariemy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Zinkernagel", "parsedDate": "2001-11-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "HQ6BW63U", "version": 142, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Maternal antibodies, childhood infections, and autoimmune diseases", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. M.", "lastName": "Zinkernagel" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "The New England Journal of Medicine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Nov 1, 2001", "volume": "345", "issue": "18", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1331-1335", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "N. Engl. J. Med.", "DOI": "10.1056/NEJMra012493", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0028-4793", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 11794153", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adolescent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Antibodies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Autoimmune Diseases", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Child", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Child, Preschool", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Environmental Exposure", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Host-Parasite Interactions", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Hygiene", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Immunity, Maternally-Acquired", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Infant", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Milk, Human", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Viral Vaccines", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Virus Diseases", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-05-26T10:16:33Z", "dateModified": "2016-05-26T10:16:33Z" } }, { "key": "PSVGNXEX", "version": 141, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 467641, "name": "BA projekt", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ba_projekt", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/467641/items/PSVGNXEX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ba_projekt/items/PSVGNXEX", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1833129, "username": "Mariemy", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mariemy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bennette and Vickers", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "PSVGNXEX", "version": 141, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Against quantiles: categorization of continuous variables in epidemiologic research, and its discontents", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Caroline", "lastName": "Bennette" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Andrew", "lastName": "Vickers" } ], "abstractNote": "BACKGROUND: Quantiles are a staple of epidemiologic research: in contemporary epidemiologic practice, continuous variables are typically categorized into tertiles, quartiles and quintiles as a means to illustrate the relationship between a continuous exposure and a binary outcome.\nDISCUSSION: In this paper we argue that this approach is highly problematic and present several potential alternatives. We also discuss the perceived drawbacks of these newer statistical methods and the possible reasons for their slow adoption by epidemiologists.\nSUMMARY: The use of quantiles is often inadequate for epidemiologic research with continuous variables.", "publicationTitle": "BMC medical research methodology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012", "volume": "12", "issue": "21", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1-5", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "BMC Med Res Methodol", "DOI": "10.1186/1471-2288-12-21", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1471-2288", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Against quantiles", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 22375553\nPMCID: PMC3353173", "tags": [ { "tag": "Bias (Epidemiology)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Diffusion of Innovation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Epidemiologic Research Design", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Models, Statistical", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Patient Selection", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Risk Factors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sampling Studies", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-05-02T10:41:57Z", "dateModified": "2016-05-25T11:36:06Z" } }, { "key": "NRZ7JFSU", "version": 139, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 467641, "name": "BA projekt", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ba_projekt", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/467641/items/NRZ7JFSU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ba_projekt/items/NRZ7JFSU", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/467641/items/EXGTS2TM", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1833129, "username": "Mariemy", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mariemy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "NRZ7JFSU", "version": 139, "parentItem": "EXGTS2TM", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "PubMed Central Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2016-05-21T12:32:41Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2393099/pdf/bullwho00048-0043.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Moe m.fl. - 1991 - Bacterial indicators of risk of diarrhoeal disease.pdf", "md5": "e09d5434b5bef1ec458a80c290e7901f", "mtime": 1463833968342, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-05-21T12:32:41Z", "dateModified": "2016-05-21T12:32:48Z" } }, { "key": "EXGTS2TM", "version": 138, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 467641, "name": "BA projekt", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ba_projekt", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/467641/items/EXGTS2TM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ba_projekt/items/EXGTS2TM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1833129, "username": "Mariemy", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mariemy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Moe et al.", "parsedDate": "1991", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "EXGTS2TM", "version": 138, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Bacterial indicators of risk of diarrhoeal disease from drinking-water in the Philippines.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C. L.", "lastName": "Moe" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. D.", "lastName": "Sobsey" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G. P.", "lastName": "Samsa" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "V.", "lastName": "Mesolo" } ], "abstractNote": "Inadequate measures of water quality have been used in many studies of the health effects associated with water supplies in developing countries. The present 1-year epidemiological-microbiological study evaluated four bacterial indicators of tropical drinking-water quality (faecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, enterococci and faecal streptococci) and their relationship to the prevalence of diarrhoeal disease in a population of 690 under-2-year-olds in Cebu, Philippines. E. coli and enterococci were better predictors than faecal coliforms of the risk of waterborne diarrhoeal disease. Methods to enumerate E. coli and enterococci were less subject to interference from the thermotolerant, non-faecal organisms that are indigenous to tropical waters. Little difference was observed between the illness rates of children drinking good quality water (less than 1 E. coli per 100 ml) and those drinking moderately contaminated water (2-100 E. coli per 100 ml). Children drinking water with greater than 1000 E. coli per 100 ml had significantly higher rates of diarrhoeal disease than those drinking less contaminated water. This threshold effect suggests that in developing countries where the quality of drinking-water is good or moderate other transmission routes of diarrhoeal disease may be more important; however, grossly contaminated water is a major source of exposure to faecal contamination and diarrhoeal pathogens.", "publicationTitle": "Bulletin of the World Health Organization", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1991", "volume": "69", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "305-317", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Bull World Health Organ", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2393099/", "accessDate": "2016-05-21T12:32:41Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0042-9686", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed Central", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 1893505\nPMCID: PMC2393099", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-05-21T12:32:41Z", "dateModified": "2016-05-21T12:32:41Z" } }, { "key": "KGAAN5R9", "version": 138, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 467641, "name": "BA projekt", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ba_projekt", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/467641/items/KGAAN5R9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ba_projekt/items/KGAAN5R9", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/467641/items/EXGTS2TM", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1833129, "username": "Mariemy", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mariemy", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "KGAAN5R9", "version": 138, "parentItem": "EXGTS2TM", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed Central Link", "accessDate": "2016-05-21T12:32:41Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2393099/", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-05-21T12:32:41Z", "dateModified": "2016-05-21T12:32:41Z" } }, { "key": "EWPX2SVA", "version": 137, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 467641, "name": "BA projekt", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ba_projekt", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/467641/items/EWPX2SVA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ba_projekt/items/EWPX2SVA", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/467641/items/ZHGRDVUD", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1833129, "username": "Mariemy", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mariemy", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "EWPX2SVA", "version": 137, "parentItem": "ZHGRDVUD", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2016-05-18T12:37:50Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19368173", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-05-18T12:37:50Z", "dateModified": "2016-05-18T12:37:50Z" } }, { "key": "ZHGRDVUD", "version": 137, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 467641, "name": "BA projekt", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ba_projekt", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/467641/items/ZHGRDVUD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ba_projekt/items/ZHGRDVUD", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1833129, "username": "Mariemy", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mariemy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Levy et al.", "parsedDate": "2009-03-15", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "ZHGRDVUD", "version": 137, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Drivers of water quality variability in northern coastal Ecuador", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Karen", "lastName": "Levy" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alan E.", "lastName": "Hubbard" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kara L.", "lastName": "Nelson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Joseph N. S.", "lastName": "Eisenberg" } ], "abstractNote": "Microbiological safety of water is commonly measured using indicator organisms, but the spatiotemporal variability of these indicators can make interpretation of data difficult. Here, we systematically explore the variability in Escherichia coil concentrations in surface source and household drinking water in a rural Ecuadorian village over one year. We observed more variability in water quality on an hourly basis (up to 2.4 log difference) than on a daily (2.2 log difference) or weekly basis (up to 1.8 log difference). E. coli counts were higher in the wet season than in the dry season for source (0.42 log difference, p < 0.0001) and household (0.11 log difference, p = 0.077) samples. In the wet season, a 1 cm increase in weekly rainfall was associated with a 3% decrease (p = 0.006) in E. coli counts in source samples and a 6% decrease (p = 0.012) in household samples. Each additional person in the river when source samples were collected was associated with a 4% increase (p = 0.026) in E. coil counts in the wet season. Factors affecting household water quality included rainfall, water source, and covering the container. The variability can be understood as a combination of environmental (e.g., seasonal and soil processes) and other drivers (e.g., human river use, water practices, and sanitation), each working at different time scales.", "publicationTitle": "Environmental Science & Technology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Mar 15, 2009", "volume": "43", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1788-1797", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Environ. Sci. Technol.", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0013-936X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 19368173\nPMCID: PMC3419269", "tags": [ { "tag": "Ecuador", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Environmental Monitoring", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Seasons", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Time Factors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Water Microbiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Water Pollutants", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Water Pollution", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Water Supply", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-05-18T12:37:50Z", "dateModified": "2016-05-18T12:37:50Z" } }, { "key": "R64VHSB5", "version": 136, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 467641, "name": "BA projekt", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ba_projekt", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/467641/items/R64VHSB5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ba_projekt/items/R64VHSB5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1833129, "username": "Mariemy", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mariemy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Juul", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "R64VHSB5", "version": 136, "itemType": "book", "title": "Epidemiologi og evidens", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Svend", "lastName": "Juul" } ], "abstractNote": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2012", "publisher": "Munksgaard", "place": "Kbh.", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "", "ISBN": "978-87-628-1086-0 978-87-628-0502-6", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "Danish", "libraryCatalog": "Open WorldCat", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-05-17T12:05:46Z", "dateModified": "2016-05-17T12:07:38Z" } }, { "key": "JDN7362I", "version": 134, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 467641, "name": "BA projekt", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ba_projekt", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/467641/items/JDN7362I", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ba_projekt/items/JDN7362I", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1833129, "username": "Mariemy", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mariemy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Gregson et al.", "parsedDate": "2002-10", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "JDN7362I", "version": 134, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Methods to reduce social desirability bias in sex surveys in low-development settings: experience in Zimbabwe", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Simon", "lastName": "Gregson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tom", "lastName": "Zhuwau" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Joshua", "lastName": "Ndlovu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Constance A.", "lastName": "Nyamukapa" } ], "abstractNote": "BACKGROUND: Social desirability bias hampers measurement of risk behavior for acquiring STDs and evaluation of control interventions. More confidential data collection methods reduce this bias in Western countries but generally require technology not available in less developed settings. GOAL The goal of this report was to describe and evaluate an informal, confidential, low-technology method-Informal Confidential Voting Interviews (ICVIs)-for collecting sexual behavior data in less developed settings.\nSTUDY DESIGN: Reports of multiple sex partners by sexually active, basic-literate, population-based survey participants in rural Zimbabwe randomly assigned to ICVIs and face-to-face interviews (FTFIs) were compared.\nRESULTS: Ninety-two percent of respondents (n = 7,823) were sufficiently literate for ICVIs. Error rates were low but higher than in FTFIs. More male and female ICVI respondents interviewed reported multiple current sex partners (OR = 1.33 and 5.24, respectively) and multiple partners in the past month (OR = 1.71 and 2.92) and the past year (OR = 1.35 and 1.97).\nCONCLUSION: The ICVI method appears to reduce bias but requires further evaluation to assess viability and effect in alternative settings.", "publicationTitle": "Sexually Transmitted Diseases", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Oct 2002", "volume": "29", "issue": "10", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "568-575", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Sex Transm Dis", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0148-5717", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Methods to reduce social desirability bias in sex surveys in low-development settings", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 12370523", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adolescent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Confidentiality", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Data Collection", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Developing Countries", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Prejudice", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Regression Analysis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sexual Behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sexual Partners", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Social Desirability", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Zimbabwe", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-05-15T10:42:30Z", "dateModified": "2016-05-15T10:42:30Z" } }, { "key": "N5PH6TUW", "version": 134, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 467641, "name": "BA projekt", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ba_projekt", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/467641/items/N5PH6TUW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ba_projekt/items/N5PH6TUW", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/467641/items/JDN7362I", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1833129, "username": "Mariemy", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mariemy", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "N5PH6TUW", "version": 134, "parentItem": "JDN7362I", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2016-05-15T10:42:30Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12370523", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-05-15T10:42:30Z", "dateModified": "2016-05-15T10:42:30Z" } }, { "key": "6HG7Z6ZF", "version": 133, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 467641, "name": "BA projekt", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ba_projekt", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/467641/items/6HG7Z6ZF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ba_projekt/items/6HG7Z6ZF", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/467641/items/JSQDMB9U", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1833129, "username": "Mariemy", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mariemy", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "6HG7Z6ZF", "version": 133, "parentItem": "JSQDMB9U", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2016-05-14T10:00:02Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11574308", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-05-14T10:00:02Z", "dateModified": "2016-05-14T10:00:02Z" } }, { "key": "JSQDMB9U", "version": 133, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 467641, "name": "BA projekt", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ba_projekt", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/467641/items/JSQDMB9U", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ba_projekt/items/JSQDMB9U", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1833129, "username": "Mariemy", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mariemy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Makutsa et al.", "parsedDate": "2001-10", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "JSQDMB9U", "version": 133, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Challenges in implementing a point-of-use water quality intervention in rural Kenya", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P.", "lastName": "Makutsa" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K.", "lastName": "Nzaku" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P.", "lastName": "Ogutu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P.", "lastName": "Barasa" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Ombeki" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Mwaki" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. E.", "lastName": "Quick" } ], "abstractNote": "To prevent diarrheal diseases in western Kenya, CARE Kenya initiated the Water, Sanitation, and Education for Health (WASEH) Project in 1998. The project targets 72 farming and fishing communities with a total population of 43 000. Although the WASEH Project facilitated construction of shallow wells and pit latrines, the water quality still needed improvement. Consequently, in 2001, CARE implemented the Safe Water System (which consists of point-of-use water treatment with sodium hypochlorite, safe storage, and behavior change techniques) within the already established WASEH infrastructure, using existing community organizations in combination with a social marketing approach that introduced affordable products. The project has resulted in adoption rates of 33.5% for chemical water treatment and 18.5% for clay pots modified for safe water storage.", "publicationTitle": "American Journal of Public Health", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Oct 2001", "volume": "91", "issue": "10", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1571-1573", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Am J Public Health", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0090-0036", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 11574308\nPMCID: PMC1446827", "tags": [ { "tag": "Behavior Therapy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Data Collection", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Health Behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Health Promotion", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Kenya", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Program Evaluation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Rural Health", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Water Microbiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Water Purification", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Water Supply", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "diarrhea", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-05-14T10:00:02Z", "dateModified": "2016-05-14T10:00:02Z" } }, { "key": "EUX5VRMZ", "version": 132, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 467641, "name": "BA projekt", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ba_projekt", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/467641/items/EUX5VRMZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ba_projekt/items/EUX5VRMZ", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/467641/items/K4HNHZ4H", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1833129, "username": "Mariemy", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mariemy", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "EUX5VRMZ", "version": 132, "parentItem": "K4HNHZ4H", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2016-05-14T09:58:29Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12201595", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-05-14T09:58:29Z", "dateModified": "2016-05-14T09:58:29Z" } }, { "key": "K4HNHZ4H", "version": 132, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 467641, "name": "BA projekt", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ba_projekt", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/467641/items/K4HNHZ4H", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ba_projekt/items/K4HNHZ4H", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1833129, "username": "Mariemy", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mariemy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Quick et al.", "parsedDate": "2002-05", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "K4HNHZ4H", "version": 132, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Diarrhea prevention through household-level water disinfection and safe storage in Zambia", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert E.", "lastName": "Quick" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Akiko", "lastName": "Kimura" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Angelica", "lastName": "Thevos" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mathias", "lastName": "Tembo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Isidore", "lastName": "Shamputa" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lori", "lastName": "Hutwagner" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Eric", "lastName": "Mintz" } ], "abstractNote": "A water quality intervention that consists of water treatment, safe storage, and community education was field tested in Kitwe, Zambia. A total of 166 intervention households were randomly selected from one community and 94 control households from another. Baseline surveys were conducted and the intervention was distributed. Weekly active diarrhea surveillance, biweekly water testing, and a follow-up survey were conducted. Compliance was high in intervention households: 97% reported using disinfectant and 72-95% had measurable chlorine in their water in biweekly testing. The percentage of intervention households storing water safely increased from 41.5% to 89.2%. Stored water in intervention households was significantly less contaminated with Escherichia coli than water in control households (P < 0.001). Diarrheal disease risk for individuals in intervention households was 48% lower than for controls (95% confidence interval = 0.3, 0.9). This intervention is a useful tool for preventing waterborne diseases in families in developing countries who lack access to potable water.", "publicationTitle": "The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 2002", "volume": "66", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "584-589", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0002-9637", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 12201595", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adolescent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Child", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Child, Preschool", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Demography", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Disinfection", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Infant", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Safety", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Socioeconomic Factors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Water Supply", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Zambia", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "diarrhea", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "water", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-05-14T09:58:29Z", "dateModified": "2016-05-14T09:58:29Z" } }, { "key": "AWUE8XMF", "version": 131, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 467641, "name": "BA projekt", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ba_projekt", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/467641/items/AWUE8XMF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ba_projekt/items/AWUE8XMF", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/467641/items/X4W2VVS6", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1833129, "username": "Mariemy", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mariemy", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "AWUE8XMF", "version": 131, "parentItem": "X4W2VVS6", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2016-05-14T09:57:42Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15138046", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-05-14T09:57:42Z", "dateModified": "2016-05-14T09:57:42Z" } }, { "key": "X4W2VVS6", "version": 131, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 467641, "name": "BA projekt", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ba_projekt", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/467641/items/X4W2VVS6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ba_projekt/items/X4W2VVS6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1833129, "username": "Mariemy", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mariemy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ashbolt", "parsedDate": "2004-05-20", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "X4W2VVS6", "version": 131, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Microbial contamination of drinking water and disease outcomes in developing regions", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nicholas John", "lastName": "Ashbolt" } ], "abstractNote": "Drinking water is a major source of microbial pathogens in developing regions, although poor sanitation and food sources are integral to enteric pathogen exposure. Gastrointestinal disease outcomes are also more severe, due to under-nutrition and lack of intervention strategies in these regions. Poor water quality, sanitation and hygiene account for some 1.7 million deaths a year world-wide (3.1% of all deaths and 3.7% of all DALY's), mainly through infectious diarrhoea. Nine out of 10 such deaths are in children and virtually all of the deaths are in developing countries. Major enteric pathogens in these children include: rotavirus, Campylobacter jejuni, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Shigella spp. and Vibrio cholerae O1, and possibly enteropathogenic E. coli, Aeromonas spp. V. cholerae O139, enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, Clostridium difficile and Cryptosporidium parvum. All except the latter are easily control by chlorination of water, but recontamination of treated water is a huge problem. Emerging environmental pathogens, such as Helicobacter pylori and Burkholderia pseudomallei, may well be of significance in some regions. In adults, much less is understood of various sequellae such as myocarditis, diabetes, reactive arthritis and cancers some months-years after initial infections. So in addition to the traditional pathogens (helminths, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia hepatitis A and E) various enteroviruses, C. jejuni and H. pylori are emerging issues in adults.", "publicationTitle": "Toxicology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 20, 2004", "volume": "198", "issue": "1-3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "229-238", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Toxicology", "DOI": "10.1016/j.tox.2004.01.030", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0300-483X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 15138046", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Animals", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Bacteria", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Child", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Developing Countries", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Disease Outbreaks", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Gastrointestinal Diseases", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Typhoid fever", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Viruses", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Water Microbiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Water Supply", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cholera", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "sanitation", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-05-14T09:57:42Z", "dateModified": "2016-05-14T09:57:42Z" } }, { "key": "ABWI5EHE", "version": 130, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 467641, "name": "BA projekt", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ba_projekt", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/467641/items/ABWI5EHE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ba_projekt/items/ABWI5EHE", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/467641/items/CP8ST9W8", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1833129, "username": "Mariemy", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mariemy", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "ABWI5EHE", "version": 130, "parentItem": "CP8ST9W8", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2016-05-14T09:55:10Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20941893", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-05-14T09:55:10Z", "dateModified": "2016-05-14T09:55:10Z" } }, { "key": "CP8ST9W8", "version": 130, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 467641, "name": "BA projekt", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ba_projekt", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/467641/items/CP8ST9W8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ba_projekt/items/CP8ST9W8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1833129, "username": "Mariemy", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mariemy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Yongsi", "parsedDate": "2010-10", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "CP8ST9W8", "version": 130, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Suffering for water, suffering from water: access to drinking-water and associated health risks in Cameroon", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H. Blaise Nguendo", "lastName": "Yongsi" } ], "abstractNote": "Although many African countries, along the equator, receive a great amount of rainfall and possess a dense hydrographic network, access to drinking-water remains a great challenge. In many households, water is used for various purposes, including domestic and crafts activities. According to the World Health Organization, an estimated four billion cases of diarrheoa occurs worldwide, of which 88% are ascribed to unsafe drinking-water. This study aimed at evaluating health risks in the usage of contaminated drinking-water and its relationship with the prevalence of diarrhoeal diseases in Yaound6, Cameroon. In this cross-sectional epidemiological design, 3,034 households with children aged less than five years were investigated. Households were selected from among 20 representative neighbourhoods out of 105 that made up the city. The study revealed a diarrheoa prevalence of 14.4% (437 diarrheoa cases out of 3,034 children tested). Among various risk factors examined, water-supply modes and quality of drinking-water were statistically associated with diarrheoa cases. Moreover, levels of diarrheoa attacks varied considerably from one neighbourhood to the other. The spatial analysis helped determine neighbourhoods of higher and lower prevalence of diarrheoa in the city.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Oct 2010", "volume": "28", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "424-435", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Health Popul Nutr", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1606-0997", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Suffering for water, suffering from water", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 20941893\nPMCID: PMC2963764", "tags": [ { "tag": "Cameroon", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Child, Preschool", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cross-Sectional Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Diarrhea, Infantile", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Family Characteristics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Health Status Disparities", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Infant", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Prevalence", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Residence Characteristics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Risk Factors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Urban Population", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Water Microbiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Water Pollution", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Water Supply", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "diarrhea", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-05-14T09:55:10Z", "dateModified": "2016-05-14T09:55:10Z" } }, { "key": "T22UBPMZ", "version": 129, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 467641, "name": "BA projekt", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ba_projekt", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/467641/items/T22UBPMZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ba_projekt/items/T22UBPMZ", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": 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"href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/467641/items/UTEDFTRW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ba_projekt/items/UTEDFTRW", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1833129, "username": "Mariemy", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mariemy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Fewtrell et al.", "parsedDate": "2005-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "UTEDFTRW", "version": 123, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions to reduce diarrhoea in less developed countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lorna", "lastName": "Fewtrell" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rachel B.", "lastName": "Kaufmann" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David", "lastName": "Kay" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Wayne", "lastName": "Enanoria" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Laurence", "lastName": "Haller" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John M.", "lastName": "Colford" } ], "abstractNote": "Many studies have reported the results of interventions to reduce illness through improvements in drinking water, sanitation facilities, and hygiene practices in less developed countries. 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Most of the interventions had a similar degree of impact on diarrhoeal illness, with the relative risk estimates from the overall meta-analyses ranging between 0.63 and 0.75. The results generally agree with those from previous reviews, but water quality interventions (point-of-use water treatment) were found to be more effective than previously thought, and multiple interventions (consisting of combined water, sanitation, and hygiene measures) were not more effective than interventions with a single focus. There is some evidence of publication bias in the findings from the hygiene and water treatment interventions.", "publicationTitle": "The Lancet. 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