[ { "key": "VFXAC9IK", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 46109, "name": "Equinox Summit Energy Systems Library", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/equinox_summit_energy_systems_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46109/items/VFXAC9IK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/equinox_summit_energy_systems_library/items/VFXAC9IK", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 405279, "username": "slow", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/slow", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bazilian et al.", "parsedDate": "2011-06", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "VFXAC9IK", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Interactions between energy security and climate change: A focus on developing countries", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Morgan", "lastName": "Bazilian" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Benjamin F.", "lastName": "Hobbs" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Will", "lastName": "Blyth" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Iain", "lastName": "MacGill" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mark", "lastName": "Howells" } ], "abstractNote": "We briefly consider the tensions between climate change and energy security policy imperatives, and highlight some concepts that may bring additional clarity to decision-making at the nexus of the two areas. We focus on developing countries and use the case of the Medupi supercritical coal plant in South Africa. The justification for the plant's construction stemmed from an Integrated Resource Planning process informed by South Africa's national utility. Often, as in the case of South Africa, there are tensions not easily captured in quantitative algorithms between, inter alia, a lack of access to electricity by millions of people (and associated welfare losses) and greenhouse gas emissions from electricity generation. It is difficult to identify any formal processes that have prioritised climate change considerations over those of energy access. Thus, it becomes imperative to have a clear understanding of the consequences of this reality when considering power system expansion. We find that the processes often employed do not provide an entirely satisfactory precedent for future planning analyses, and the justifications do not adequately reflect the complexity of the decision space. Finally, we highlight some options by which these tools might be enhanced in areas including explicit and formal consideration of risk.", "publicationTitle": "Energy Policy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "June 2011", "volume": "39", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "3750-3756", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.enpol.2011.04.003", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com.proxy.lib.uwaterloo.ca/science/article/B6V2W-52SN633-5/2/e633342c6ae8c4f7d0521c8588172539", "accessDate": "2011-05-13T14:26:36Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0301-4215", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Interactions between energy security and climate change", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Climate Change" }, { "tag": "Energy Security" }, { "tag": "Issue Interdependencies" }, { "tag": "South Africa" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-05-24T15:10:33Z", "dateModified": "2011-05-24T15:10:33Z" } }, { "key": "J6N6KJPR", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 46109, "name": "Equinox Summit Energy Systems Library", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/equinox_summit_energy_systems_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46109/items/J6N6KJPR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/equinox_summit_energy_systems_library/items/J6N6KJPR", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 405279, "username": "slow", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/slow", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ma", "parsedDate": "2011-05", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "J6N6KJPR", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "On-grid electricity tariffs in China: Development, reform and prospects", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jinlong", "lastName": "Ma" } ], "abstractNote": "With the introduction of market-oriented measures in China's power sector in the mid-1980s, electricity sale prices to the grid companies--on-grid electricity tariffs--became the focus of the energy industry, thus affecting all related stakeholders, including fuel suppliers, power generators and end-use consumers. A number of changes have gradually been undertaken in terms of electricity tariff settings and their implementation to address specific requirements of the expansion of the power industry at each stage of its development. On-grid electricity tariffs had been used as a key lever to attract investment in power generation at an early stage of reform and then to encourage competition in the power industry. In response to the rising concerns about environmental protection and the promotion of clean energy utilisation, tariffs have progressively been developed for renewable electricity generation, which has contributed to massive expansion of the renewable power industry in China. This paper reviews key milestones of the development of on-grid electricity tariffs in China, examines the tariff-setting mechanisms of coal-fired power plants and renewable power generation, analyses the factors associated with the adjustments of the tariff levels and discusses the options for further reform and more effective electricity pricing.", "publicationTitle": "Energy Policy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 2011", "volume": "39", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "2633-2645", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "16/j.enpol.2011.02.032", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com.proxy.lib.uwaterloo.ca/science/article/pii/S0301421511001224", "accessDate": "2011-05-23T16:45:36Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0301-4215", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "On-grid electricity tariffs in China", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "BASICs" }, { "tag": "Brazil" }, { "tag": "Domestic Policies" }, { "tag": "Domestic Transitions" }, { "tag": "Energy Transitions" }, { "tag": "Regions" }, { "tag": "South" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-05-24T15:10:33Z", "dateModified": "2011-05-24T15:10:33Z" } }, { "key": "ZA47C4QD", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 46109, "name": "Equinox Summit Energy Systems Library", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/equinox_summit_energy_systems_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46109/items/ZA47C4QD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/equinox_summit_energy_systems_library/items/ZA47C4QD", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 405279, "username": "slow", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/slow", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Watson et al.", "parsedDate": "2011-04", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ZA47C4QD", "version": 1, "itemType": "report", "title": "UK-China Collaborative Study on Low Carbon Technology Transfer", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jim", "lastName": "Watson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rob", "lastName": "Byrne" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michele", "lastName": "Stua" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David", "lastName": "Ockwell" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Xiliang", "lastName": "Zhang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Da", "lastName": "Zhang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tianhou", "lastName": "Zhang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Xiaofeng", "lastName": "Zhang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Xunmin", "lastName": "Ou" } ], "abstractNote": "", "reportNumber": "", "reportType": "Final Report", "institution": "Sussex Energy Group, SPRU - Science and Technology Policy Research", "place": "", "date": "April 2011", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "109", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "China" }, { "tag": "Energy Transitions" }, { "tag": "Global RE Governance" }, { "tag": "Partnerships (minilateral)" }, { "tag": "Technology Transfer" }, { "tag": "US" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-05-24T15:10:33Z", "dateModified": "2011-05-24T15:10:33Z" } }, { "key": "3Z97SVRS", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 46109, "name": "Equinox Summit Energy Systems Library", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/equinox_summit_energy_systems_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46109/items/3Z97SVRS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/equinox_summit_energy_systems_library/items/3Z97SVRS", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 405279, "username": "slow", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/slow", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Burniaux and Chateau", "parsedDate": "2011-04", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "3Z97SVRS", "version": 1, "itemType": "report", "title": "Mitigation Potential of Removing Fossil Fuel Subsidies: A General Equilibrium Assessment", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jean-Marc", "lastName": "Burniaux" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jean", "lastName": "Chateau" } ], "abstractNote": "Quoting a joint analysis made by the OECD and the IEA, G20 Leaders committed in September 2009 to ?rationalize and phase out over the medium term inefficient fossil fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption?. This analysis was based on the OECD ENV-Linkages General Equilibrium model and shows that removing fossil fuel subsidies in a number of non-OECD countries could reduce world Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions by 10% in 2050 (OECD, 2009). Indeed, these subsidies are huge. IEA estimates indicate that total subsidies to fossil fuel consumption in 37 non-OECD countries in 2008 amounted to USD 557 billions (IEA, OPEC, OECD, World Bank, 2010). This represents almost five times the yearly bilateral aid flows to developing countries as defined by the Official Development Assistance (ODA). This paper discusses the assumptions, data and both environmental and economic implications of removing these subsidies. It shows that, though removing these subsidies would amount to roughly a seventh of the effort needed to stabilize GHG concentration at a level of 450ppm or below 2°C, the full environmental benefit of this policy option can only be achieved if, in parallel, emissions are also capped in OECD countries. Finally, though removing these subsidies qualifies as being a ?win-win? option at the global level in terms of environmental and economic benefits, this is not true for all countries/regions. The paper also provides some discussion about the robustness of these results.\n\nImpact potentiel de l'élimination des subsides à la consommation des énergies fossiles sur les émissions de gaz à effet de serre : une évaluation en équilibre général\nSe réfèrant à une analyse entreprise conjointement par l'OCDE et l'AIE, les dirigeants du G20 se sont engagés en Septembre 2009 à \"rationaliser et éliminer dans le moyen terme les subsides inefficaces des énergies fossiles qui encouragent un gaspillage de leur consommation\". Cette analyse, fondée sur", "reportNumber": "", "reportType": "", "institution": "OECD Publishing", "place": "", "date": "Apr 2011", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://ideas.repec.org/p/oec/ecoaaa/853-en.html", "accessDate": "2011-04-20T21:58:40Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Mitigation Potential of Removing Fossil Fuel Subsidies", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "RePEc", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Carbon Pricing" }, { "tag": "Domestic Policies" }, { "tag": "Domestic Transitions" }, { "tag": "Energy Transitions" }, { "tag": "Fossil Fuel Industry" }, { "tag": "Hydrocarbon Governance" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-05-24T15:10:33Z", "dateModified": "2011-05-24T15:10:33Z" } }, { "key": "6DJ3RQWX", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 46109, "name": "Equinox Summit Energy Systems Library", "links": { 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"citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Domestic Policies" }, { "tag": "Domestic Transitions" }, { "tag": "Renewable Energy" }, { "tag": "South" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-05-24T15:10:33Z", "dateModified": "2011-05-24T15:10:33Z" } }, { "key": "EXRVUT67", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 46109, "name": "Equinox Summit Energy Systems Library", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/equinox_summit_energy_systems_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46109/items/EXRVUT67", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/equinox_summit_energy_systems_library/items/EXRVUT67", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 405279, 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As delegates gather for the Climate Change Conference in Cancun in late 2010, they can benefit from familiarizing themselves with the set of tools available for mitigation and adaptation, as well as how these tools can fit together to form holistic low-emission development strategies.\nThe funding that is currently available to combat climate change represents a tremendous opportunity for transformation—provided countries take robust, immediate action to access it and put it to use. By creating and implementing holistic adaptation and mitigation plans at the regional or national level, countries can transition strategically to low-carbon economic development while bolstering their resilience to the effects of climate change.\nGoing forward, the nations that seize these opportunities will emerge as leaders in the international arena, while better defending themselves against the encroaching impact and consequences of global climate change.", "reportNumber": "", "reportType": "", "institution": "Booz and Company", "place": "", "date": "2011", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Carbon Pricing" }, { "tag": "Domestic Policies" }, { "tag": "Domestic Transitions" }, { "tag": "Energy Transitions" }, { "tag": "Finance" 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"accessDate": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Domestic Policies" }, { "tag": "Domestic Transitions" }, { "tag": "Energy Transitions" }, { "tag": "Global Institutions (RE)" }, { "tag": "Global RE Governance" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-05-24T15:10:33Z", "dateModified": "2011-05-24T15:10:33Z" } }, { "key": "4FNIQZ2B", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 46109, "name": "Equinox Summit Energy Systems Library", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/equinox_summit_energy_systems_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46109/items/4FNIQZ2B", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/equinox_summit_energy_systems_library/items/4FNIQZ2B", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 405279, "username": "slow", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/slow", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "IEA", "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "4FNIQZ2B", "version": 1, "itemType": "report", "title": "Technology Roadmap: Biofuels for Transport", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "IEA" } ], "abstractNote": "", "reportNumber": "", "reportType": "", "institution": "International Energy Agency", "place": "", "date": "2011", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Biofuels" }, { "tag": "Domestic Policies" }, { "tag": "Domestic Transitions" }, { "tag": "Energy Transitions" }, { "tag": "RE Industry" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-05-24T15:10:33Z", "dateModified": "2011-05-24T15:10:33Z" } }, { "key": "CTNED5B6", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 46109, "name": "Equinox Summit Energy Systems Library", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/equinox_summit_energy_systems_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46109/items/CTNED5B6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/equinox_summit_energy_systems_library/items/CTNED5B6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 405279, "username": "slow", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/slow", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Copsey and Hilton", "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "CTNED5B6", "version": 1, "itemType": "report", "title": "Greening China: Outlook for European SMEs", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tan", "lastName": "Copsey" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Isabel", "lastName": "Hilton" } ], "abstractNote": "This report highlights the opportunities and challenges facing European Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) doing business in China’s green sector.", "reportNumber": "", "reportType": "", "institution": "EU Commission", "place": "", "date": "Spring 2011", "seriesTitle": "Understanding China Programme", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "36", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.europesworld.org/NewEnglish/Home_old/PartnerPosts/tabid/671/PostID/2368/GreeningChinaOutlookforEuropeanSMEs.aspx", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "China" }, { "tag": "Domestic Transitions" }, { "tag": "EU" }, { "tag": "Finance" }, { "tag": "RE Industry" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-05-24T15:10:33Z", "dateModified": "2011-05-24T15:10:33Z" } }, { "key": "DQMRG9FR", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 46109, "name": "Equinox Summit Energy Systems Library", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/equinox_summit_energy_systems_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46109/items/DQMRG9FR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/equinox_summit_energy_systems_library/items/DQMRG9FR", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 405279, "username": "slow", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/slow", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Colgan et al.", "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "DQMRG9FR", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Institutional Change in the Energy Regime Complex", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Colgan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. O", "lastName": "Keohane" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T.", "lastName": "Van de Graaf" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2011", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Energy Security" }, { "tag": "Energy Transitions" }, { "tag": "Global Institutions (Hydrocarbons)" }, { "tag": "Global Institutions (RE)" }, { "tag": "Global RE Governance" }, { "tag": "Hybrid Partnerships" }, { "tag": "Hydrocarbon Governance" }, { "tag": "Importers" }, { "tag": "Markets" }, { "tag": "Partnerships (minilateral)" }, { "tag": "Producers" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-05-24T15:10:33Z", "dateModified": "2011-05-24T15:10:33Z" } }, { "key": "UN7BQ9UM", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 46109, "name": "Equinox Summit Energy Systems Library", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/equinox_summit_energy_systems_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46109/items/UN7BQ9UM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/equinox_summit_energy_systems_library/items/UN7BQ9UM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 405279, "username": "slow", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/slow", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "CBI", "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "UN7BQ9UM", "version": 1, "itemType": "report", "title": "Risky business: Investing in the UK’s low-carbon infrastructure", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "CBI" } ], "abstractNote": "", "reportNumber": "", "reportType": "", "institution": "CBI The Voice of Business", "place": "", "date": "2011", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "28", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Domestic Policies" }, { "tag": "Domestic Transitions" }, { "tag": "Energy Transitions" }, { "tag": "Finance" }, { "tag": "Green Economy" }, { "tag": "Manufacturing" }, { "tag": "North" }, { "tag": "Regions" }, { "tag": "Renewable Energy" }, { "tag": "UK" }, { "tag": "Wind" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-05-24T15:10:33Z", "dateModified": "2011-05-24T15:10:33Z" } }, { "key": "XVJ34BFM", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 46109, "name": "Equinox Summit Energy Systems Library", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/equinox_summit_energy_systems_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46109/items/XVJ34BFM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/equinox_summit_energy_systems_library/items/XVJ34BFM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 405279, "username": "slow", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/slow", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Fouquet", "parsedDate": "2010-11", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "XVJ34BFM", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The slow search for solutions: Lessons from historical energy transitions by sector and service", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Roger", "lastName": "Fouquet" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper reviews past energy transitions by sector and service to identify features that may be useful for future transitions. Although often considered a single event, the transition from traditional energy sources to fossil fuels involved numerous services and sectors at different times between 1500 and 1920. The main economic drivers identified for energy transitions were the opportunities to produce cheaper or better energy services. The existence of a niche market willing to pay more for these characteristics enabled new energy sources and technologies to be refined gradually until they could compete with the incumbent energy source. Nevertheless, this implied that, on average, the whole innovation chain took more than 100 years and the diffusion phase nearly 50 years. In the same way, low-carbon energy sources and technologies offer an additional characteristic (i.e. low carbon impact), which might be able to develop gradually in a niche market until they can compete with fossil fuels. However, because of consumers' tendency to free-ride, a successful transition will need governments to provide protection of this niche market--possibly for decades. Based on past experiences, a complete transition to a low carbon economy is likely to be very slow.", "publicationTitle": "Energy Policy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "November 2010", "volume": "38", "issue": "11", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "6586-6596", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.enpol.2010.06.029", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com.proxy.lib.uwaterloo.ca/science/article/B6V2W-50G75KD-6/2/15d89c07479b67c8ef45a3fef59d65d7", "accessDate": "2011-05-13T14:28:24Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0301-4215", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The slow search for solutions", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Energy Transitions" }, { "tag": "History" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-05-24T15:10:33Z", "dateModified": "2011-05-24T15:10:33Z" } }, { "key": "PJMDC6B2", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 46109, "name": "Equinox Summit Energy Systems Library", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/equinox_summit_energy_systems_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46109/items/PJMDC6B2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/equinox_summit_energy_systems_library/items/PJMDC6B2", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 405279, "username": "slow", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/slow", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Batlle et al.", "parsedDate": "2010-11", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "PJMDC6B2", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The changing role of the State in the expansion of electricity supply in Latin America", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Carlos", "lastName": "Batlle" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Luiz A.", "lastName": "Barroso" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ignacio J.", "lastName": "Pérez-Arriaga" } ], "abstractNote": "Throughout the history of the electricity industry, regulatory reform has been driven by the pursuit of tools able to create conditions that would favour infrastructure investment and, generally, to surmount the obstacles that hinder system expansion. This article addresses the interaction between regulatory schemes and electric power generation investment, with a review of the changing role of the State in the expansion of electricity supply in Latin America. It contains a critical assessment of changes in the regulatory framework since the outset of electric power market reform, describing the successive approaches to regulation adopted in the last three decades. 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