[ { "key": "4HI5E7HT", "version": 412, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 46003, "name": "Impulsivity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46003/items/4HI5E7HT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity/items/4HI5E7HT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 155402, "username": "SB27", "name": "Stephanie Burnett Heyes", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sb27", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 70812, "username": "MasudHusain", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/masudhusain", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Chamberlain and Sahakian", "parsedDate": "2007-05", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "4HI5E7HT", "version": 412, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The neuropsychiatry of impulsivity", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Samuel R", "lastName": "Chamberlain" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Barbara J", "lastName": "Sahakian" } ], "abstractNote": "PURPOSE OF REVIEW Impulsive symptoms occur across neuropsychiatric disorders, with important ramifications for everyday functioning and quality of life. This article considers recent developments in the neuropsychological assessment of impulsivity with a focus on the ability to suppress motor responses (response inhibition). RECENT FINDINGS Using objective tests, response inhibition deficits were identified in several neuropsychiatric conditions associated with impulsivity, namely attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, trichotillomania, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and chronic substance abuse. Deficits were also found in unaffected first-degree relatives of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder patients. Evidence from patients with focal brain lesions and from healthy volunteers using functional MRI and transcranial stimulation implicated the right inferior frontal gyrus in response inhibition. Pharmacological manipulations of the serotonin system had no detectable behavioural effects on response inhibition, whereas manipulations of the noradrenaline system did. SUMMARY Neuropsychological assessment shows great promise in the investigation of impulsivity and its brain substrates. These results support a key role for response inhibition, a function linked to the right inferior frontal gyrus, in the manifestation of impulsivity. Measures of response inhibition will contribute to the search for psychiatric endophenotypes, novel treatments, and more optimal diagnostic classification systems for neuropsychiatric disorders.", "publicationTitle": "Current Opinion in Psychiatry", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 2007", "volume": "20", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "255-261", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Curr Opin Psychiatry", "DOI": "10.1097/YCO.0b013e3280ba4989", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17415079", "accessDate": "2011-06-27T10:45:46Z", "PMID": "17415079", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0951-7367", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Activities of Daily Living" }, { "tag": "Adolescent" }, { "tag": "Adult" }, { "tag": "Child" }, { "tag": "Frontal Lobe" }, { "tag": "Humans" }, { "tag": "Impulse Control Disorders" }, { "tag": "Inhibition (Psychology)" }, { "tag": "Neuropsychological Tests" }, { "tag": "Norepinephrine" }, { "tag": "Quality of Life" }, { "tag": "Serotonin" } ], "collections": [], "relations": { "dc:replaces": "http://zotero.org/groups/46003/items/RKIZXSR5" }, "dateAdded": "2011-06-27T10:45:46Z", "dateModified": "2018-12-03T18:43:11Z" } }, { "key": "T29C9TQT", "version": 410, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 46003, "name": "Impulsivity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46003/items/T29C9TQT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity/items/T29C9TQT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 155402, "username": "SB27", "name": "Stephanie Burnett Heyes", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sb27", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 788536, "username": "Agnes Norbury", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/agnes_norbury", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kurniawan et al.", "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "T29C9TQT", "version": 410, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Dopamine and effort-based decision making", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "I. T.", "lastName": "Kurniawan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Guitart-Masip" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. J.", "lastName": "Dolan" } ], "abstractNote": "Motivational theories of choice focus on the influence of goal values and strength of reinforcement to explain behavior. By contrast relatively little is known concerning how the cost of an action, such as effort expended, contributes to a decision to act. Effort-based decision making addresses how we make an action choice based on an integration of action and goal values. Here we review behavioral and neurobiological data regarding the representation of effort as action cost, and how this impacts on decision making. Although organisms expend effort to obtain a desired reward there is a striking sensitivity to the amount of effort required, such that the net preference for an action decreases as effort cost increases. We discuss the contribution of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) toward overcoming response costs and in enhancing an animal’s motivation toward effortful actions. We also consider the contribution of brain structures, including the basal ganglia and anterior cingulate cortex, in the internal generation of action involving a translation of reward expectation into effortful action.", "publicationTitle": "Frontiers in Decision Neuroscience", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2011", "volume": "5", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "81", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Front. Neurosci.", "DOI": "10.3389/fnins.2011.00081", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.frontiersin.org/decision_neuroscience/10.3389/fnins.2011.00081/pdf/full", "accessDate": "2011-10-24T15:24:21Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Frontiers", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "ACC", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Basal Ganglia", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Dopamine", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "apathy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "effort", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "vigor", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": { "dc:replaces": "http://zotero.org/groups/46003/items/2IGJ2QVQ" }, "dateAdded": "2011-10-24T15:24:21Z", "dateModified": "2018-12-03T18:43:08Z" } }, { "key": "PEQG8RTI", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 46003, "name": "Impulsivity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46003/items/PEQG8RTI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity/items/PEQG8RTI", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46003/items/6NG2DPCN", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 155402, "username": "SB27", "name": "Stephanie Burnett Heyes", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sb27", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "PEQG8RTI", "version": 2, "parentItem": "6NG2DPCN", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "PsycNET - Direct Products", "accessDate": "2012-04-04T16:17:53Z", "url": "http://psycnet.apa.org/?&fa=main.doiLanding&doi=10.1037/0033-295X.108.3.624", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "psycnet.apa.org.html", "md5": "7aff85b18986a9e7ba851888efa9e318", "mtime": 1333556273769, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-04-04T16:17:53Z", "dateModified": "2012-04-04T16:17:53Z" } }, { "key": "6NG2DPCN", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 46003, "name": "Impulsivity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46003/items/6NG2DPCN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity/items/6NG2DPCN", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 155402, "username": "SB27", "name": "Stephanie Burnett Heyes", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sb27", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Botvinick et al.", "parsedDate": "2001", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "6NG2DPCN", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Conflict monitoring and cognitive control.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Matthew M.", "lastName": "Botvinick" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Todd S.", "lastName": "Braver" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Deanna M.", "lastName": "Barch" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Cameron S.", "lastName": "Carter" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jonathan D.", "lastName": "Cohen" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Psychological Review", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2001", "volume": "108", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "624-652", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1037/0033-295X.108.3.624", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://psycnet.apa.org/?&fa=main.doiLanding&doi=10.1037/0033-295X.108.3.624", "accessDate": "2012-04-04T16:17:53Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0033-295X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-04-04T16:17:53Z", "dateModified": "2012-04-04T16:17:53Z" } }, { "key": "DNZMVG3K", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 46003, "name": "Impulsivity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46003/items/DNZMVG3K", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity/items/DNZMVG3K", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46003/items/JJXXR2XK", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 155402, "username": "SB27", "name": "Stephanie Burnett Heyes", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sb27", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "DNZMVG3K", "version": 2, "parentItem": "JJXXR2XK", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "ScienceDirect Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2012-04-03T15:41:13Z", "url": "http://pdn.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MiamiImageURL&_cid=271877&_user=126524&_pii=S1364661308002155&_check=y&_origin=article&_zone=toolbar&_coverDate=30-Nov-2008&view=c&originContentFamily=serial&wchp=dGLbVlk-zSkWb&md5=409f29a7963f330b73553fb708b8d383/1-s2.0-S1364661308002155-main.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Verbruggen and Logan - 2008 - Response inhibition in the stop-signal paradigm.pdf", "md5": "123c3546af4abda3e03bf6411b8f2785", "mtime": 1333467674586, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-04-03T15:41:13Z", "dateModified": "2012-04-03T15:41:15Z" } }, { "key": "AM4T3CMF", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 46003, "name": "Impulsivity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46003/items/AM4T3CMF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity/items/AM4T3CMF", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46003/items/JJXXR2XK", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 155402, "username": "SB27", "name": "Stephanie Burnett Heyes", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sb27", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "AM4T3CMF", "version": 2, "parentItem": "JJXXR2XK", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "ScienceDirect Snapshot", "accessDate": "2012-04-03T15:41:13Z", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364661308002155", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "filename": "Verbruggen and Logan - 2008 - Response inhibition in the stop-signal paradigm.html", "md5": "80225443c80dc0f874c6e214768e81cb", "mtime": 1333467674177, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-04-03T15:41:13Z", "dateModified": "2012-04-03T15:41:14Z" } }, { "key": "JJXXR2XK", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 46003, "name": "Impulsivity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46003/items/JJXXR2XK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity/items/JJXXR2XK", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 155402, "username": "SB27", "name": "Stephanie Burnett Heyes", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sb27", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Verbruggen and Logan", "parsedDate": "2008-11", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "JJXXR2XK", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Response inhibition in the stop-signal paradigm", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Frederick", "lastName": "Verbruggen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gordon D.", "lastName": "Logan" } ], "abstractNote": "Response inhibition is a hallmark of executive control. The concept refers to the suppression of actions that are no longer required or that are inappropriate, which supports flexible and goal-directed behavior in ever-changing environments. The stop-signal paradigm is most suitable for the study of response inhibition in a laboratory setting. The paradigm has become increasingly popular in cognitive psychology, cognitive neuroscience and psychopathology. We review recent findings in the stop-signal literature with the specific aim of demonstrating how each of these different fields contributes to a better understanding of the processes involved in inhibiting a response and monitoring stopping performance, and more generally, discovering how behavior is controlled.", "publicationTitle": "Trends in Cognitive Sciences", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "November 2008", "volume": "12", "issue": "11", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "418-424", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.tics.2008.07.005", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364661308002155", "accessDate": "2012-04-03T15:41:13Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1364-6613", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-04-03T15:41:13Z", "dateModified": "2012-04-03T15:41:13Z" } }, { "key": "APIACQTV", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 46003, "name": "Impulsivity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46003/items/APIACQTV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity/items/APIACQTV", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 155402, "username": "SB27", "name": "Stephanie Burnett Heyes", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sb27", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Logan", "parsedDate": "1994", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "APIACQTV", "version": 1, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "On the ability to inhibit thought and action: A users' guide to the stop signal paradigm", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gordon D.", "lastName": "Logan" } ], "abstractNote": "presents a users' guide to the stop signal paradigm / explains the paradigm and the situations in the natural and artificial environment the paradigm is intended to capture / explains how the inhibition that is apparent in the stop signal paradigm is similar to and different from the kinds of inhibition seen in other paradigms / reviews theory and data in the experimental literature on stopping / explains the race model, which is the commonly accepted theory of performance in the stop signal paradigm, and it explains how to apply the model to data [in this paradigm] people are engaged in a primary task, and occasionally, they are presented with a signal that tells them to stop their response to the primary task / the primary task is typically a visual choice reaction time task . . . and the stop signal is usually a tone / the main datum is whether or not Ss withhold their response to the primary task when the stop signal occurs (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)", "bookTitle": "Inhibitory processes in attention, memory, and language.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "1994", "publisher": "Academic Press", "place": "San Diego, CA, US", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "189-239", "ISBN": "0-12-200410-8 (Hardcover)", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "On the ability to inhibit thought and action", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "APA PsycNET", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "stop signal paradigm in study of inhibition of thought & behavior & race model of performance", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-04-03T15:39:53Z", "dateModified": "2012-04-03T15:39:53Z" } }, { "key": "6SGNFJR5", "version": 413, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 46003, "name": "Impulsivity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46003/items/6SGNFJR5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity/items/6SGNFJR5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 155402, "username": "SB27", "name": "Stephanie Burnett Heyes", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sb27", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 70812, "username": "MasudHusain", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/masudhusain", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Colzato et al.", "parsedDate": "2010-10-27", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "6SGNFJR5", "version": 413, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Genetic markers of striatal dopamine predict individual differences in dysfunctional, but not functional impulsivity", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L S", "lastName": "Colzato" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "W P M", "lastName": "van den Wildenberg" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A J W", "lastName": "Van der Does" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B", "lastName": "Hommel" } ], "abstractNote": "Various psychiatric disorders are characterized by elevated levels of impulsivity. Although extensive evidence supports a specific role of striatal, but not frontal dopamine (DA) in human impulsivity, recent studies on genetic variability have raised some doubts on such a role. Importantly, impulsivity consists of two dissociable components that previous studies have failed to separate: functional and dysfunctional impulsivity. We compared participants with a genetic predisposition to have relatively high striatal DA levels (DAT1 9-repeat carriers, DRD2 C957T T/T homozygotes, and DRD4 7-repeat carriers) with participants with other genetic predispositions. We predicted that the first group would show high scores of dysfunctional, but not functional, self-reported impulsivity and greater difficulty in inhibiting a behavioral response to a stop-signal, a behavioral measure of impulsivity. In a sample of 130 healthy adults, we studied the relation between DAT1, DRD4, and C957T polymorphism at the DRD2 gene (polymorphisms related to striatal DA) and catechol-Omethyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met (a polymorphism related to frontal DA) on self-reported dysfunctional and functional impulsivity, assessed by the Dickman impulsivity inventory (DII), and the efficiency of inhibitory control, assessed by the stop-signal paradigm. DRD2 C957T T/T homozygotes and DRD4 7-repeat carriers indeed had significantly higher scores on self-reported dysfunctional, but not functional, impulsivity. T/T homozygotes were also less efficient in inhibiting prepotent responses. Our findings support the claim that dopaminergic variation affects dysfunctional impulsivity. This is in line with the notion that the over-supply of striatal DA might weaken inhibitory pathways, thereby enhancing the activation of, and the competition between responses.", "publicationTitle": "Neuroscience", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Oct 27, 2010", "volume": "170", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "782-788", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Neuroscience", "DOI": "10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.07.050", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20678555", "accessDate": "2012-04-03T15:32:22Z", "PMID": "20678555", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1873-7544", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Catechol O-Methyltransferase", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Corpus Striatum", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Dopamine", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Genetic Markers", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Genetic Predisposition to Disease", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Impulsive Behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Inhibition (Psychology)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Intelligence", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Polymorphism, Genetic", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Receptors, Dopamine D2", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Receptors, Dopamine D4", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Self Report", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-04-03T15:32:22Z", "dateModified": "2012-04-03T15:32:22Z" } }, { "key": "2RQHGJKZ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 46003, "name": "Impulsivity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46003/items/2RQHGJKZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity/items/2RQHGJKZ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 155402, "username": "SB27", "name": "Stephanie Burnett Heyes", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sb27", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Dickman and Meyer", "parsedDate": "1988", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "2RQHGJKZ", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Impulsivity and speed-accuracy tradeoffs in information processing", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Scott J.", "lastName": "Dickman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David E.", "lastName": "Meyer" } ], "abstractNote": "Despite its theoretical importance for such areas of research as reflection–impulsivity (Kagan, 1966), there is little evidence to support the assumption that individual differences in the personality trait of impulsivity are associated with differences in the willingness to sacrifice accuracy for speed of information processing. The present studies explored this association further. In Experiment 1, high, medium, and low impulsives (identified by self-report) performed a visual-comparison task under conditions differing in the monetary payoff for speed relative to accuracy. High impulsives were consistently faster and less accurate than other Ss. However, an analysis based on Sternberg's (1969) additive-factor method indicated that high impulsives performed at least one stage of information processing as slowly and accurately as other Ss. In Experiment 2, high impulsives were actually more accurate than low impulsives when all Ss were required to process information extremely rapidly. Experiment 3 identified the response execution stage as one that high impulsives carry out just as slowly and accurately as other individuals. Data pose problems for a simple speed-accuracy tradeoff model of impulsive cognitive functioning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Personality and Social Psychology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1988", "volume": "54", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "274-290", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1037/0022-3514.54.2.274", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1939-1315(Electronic);0022-3514(Print)", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "APA PsycNET", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "impulsivity, speed vs accuracy of performance on response execution vs feature comparison in visual discrimination task, college students", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-03-26T13:59:28Z", "dateModified": "2012-03-26T13:59:28Z" } }, { "key": "KK9HG34K", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 46003, "name": "Impulsivity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46003/items/KK9HG34K", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity/items/KK9HG34K", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46003/items/85T85EUN", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 788536, "username": "Agnes Norbury", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/agnes_norbury", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "KK9HG34K", "version": 2, "parentItem": "85T85EUN", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "ScienceDirect Snapshot", "accessDate": "2012-03-22T10:32:41Z", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1353802011003270", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "filename": "Leroi et al. - 2012 - Apathy and impulse control disorders in Parkinson’.html", "md5": "f25c51d1185fa8473fd3d690877ab2a4", "mtime": 1332412367014, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-03-22T10:32:41Z", "dateModified": "2012-03-22T10:32:47Z" } }, { "key": "A6UDWBNP", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 46003, "name": "Impulsivity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46003/items/A6UDWBNP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity/items/A6UDWBNP", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46003/items/85T85EUN", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 788536, "username": "Agnes Norbury", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/agnes_norbury", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "A6UDWBNP", "version": 2, "parentItem": "85T85EUN", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "ScienceDirect Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2012-03-22T10:32:41Z", "url": "http://pdn.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MiamiImageURL&_cid=271171&_user=125795&_pii=S1353802011003270&_check=y&_origin=article&_zone=toolbar&_coverDate=29-Feb-2012&view=c&originContentFamily=serial&wchp=dGLzVlS-zSkWz&md5=61dc5459695e3bc48942648adc049451/1-s2.0-S1353802011003270-main.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Leroi et al. - 2012 - Apathy and impulse control disorders in Parkinson’.pdf", "md5": "cc1e7b13d2804c813949840dd9b0d0b0", "mtime": 1332412365530, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-03-22T10:32:41Z", "dateModified": "2012-03-22T10:32:45Z" } }, { "key": "85T85EUN", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 46003, "name": "Impulsivity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46003/items/85T85EUN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity/items/85T85EUN", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 788536, "username": "Agnes Norbury", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/agnes_norbury", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Leroi et al.", "parsedDate": "2012-02", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "85T85EUN", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Apathy and impulse control disorders in Parkinson’s disease: A direct comparison", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Iracema", "lastName": "Leroi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michelle", "lastName": "Andrews" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kathryn", "lastName": "McDonald" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Vijay", "lastName": "Harbishettar" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rebecca", "lastName": "Elliott" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E. Jane", "lastName": "Byrne" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alistair", "lastName": "Burns" } ], "abstractNote": "Background\nApathy and impulse control disorders (ICDs) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) are clinically important complications and may exist on a common behavioral spectrum of disorders of reward and motivation.\nObjective\nTo directly compare PD participants with apathy those with ICDs on range of demographic, neurologic and psychiatric measures.\nMethods\nNinety-nine non-demented PD participants (ICD, n = 35; apathy, n = 26; and controls, n = 38) were assessed in the study. Univariate statistics were used to compare the behavioral groups. A linear regression model was created with either apathy or impulsivity as the dependent variable.\nResults\nThe two behavioral groups differed significantly from the PD control group on similar factors but in opposite directions. The apathy group was older at the time of both assessment and disease onset, had higher levels of depression and lower dopamine agonist use, compared to the other two groups. The ICD group was younger than the apathy group at disease onset and had higher levels of anxiety, a higher overall dopamine load and greater motor disease complexity. Overlap in behavioral pathology across the two groups was also noted.\nConclusion\nApathy and ICDs may be on a common behavioral spectrum in PD. Both are associated with significant psychiatric morbidity supporting shared underlying pathology.", "publicationTitle": "Parkinsonism & Related Disorders", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "February 2012", "volume": "18", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "198-203", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.parkreldis.2011.10.005", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1353802011003270", "accessDate": "2012-03-22T10:32:41Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1353-8020", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Apathy and impulse control disorders in Parkinson’s disease", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Behavioral disturbances", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Impulse Control Disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Impulsivity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Neuropsychiatric", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Parkinson’s disease", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "apathy", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-03-22T10:32:41Z", "dateModified": "2012-03-22T10:32:41Z" } }, { "key": "TAB3HJCT", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 46003, "name": "Impulsivity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46003/items/TAB3HJCT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity/items/TAB3HJCT", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46003/items/S2K3JZH4", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 788536, "username": "Agnes Norbury", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/agnes_norbury", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "TAB3HJCT", "version": 2, "parentItem": "S2K3JZH4", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "New York Times Snapshot", "accessDate": "2012-03-02T11:58:24Z", "url": "http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/14/science/novelty-seeking-neophilia-can-be-a-predictor-of-well-being.html?_r=2", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "novelty-seeking-neophilia-can-be-a-predictor-of-well-being.html", "md5": "bbae80515954cb4d3d6706b6180812a7", "mtime": 1330689505731, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-03-02T11:58:24Z", "dateModified": "2012-03-02T11:58:24Z" } }, { "key": "S2K3JZH4", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 46003, "name": "Impulsivity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46003/items/S2K3JZH4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity/items/S2K3JZH4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 788536, "username": "Agnes Norbury", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/agnes_norbury", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Tierney", "parsedDate": "2012-02-13", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "S2K3JZH4", "version": 1, "itemType": "newspaperArticle", "title": "Novelty-Seeking (Neophilia) Can Be a Predictor of Well-Being", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John", "lastName": "Tierney" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "The New York Times", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012-02-13", "volume": "", "issue": "", "edition": "", "section": "Science", "pages": "", "ISSN": "0362-4331", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/14/science/novelty-seeking-neophilia-can-be-a-predictor-of-well-being.html", "accessDate": "2012-03-02T11:58:24Z", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NYTimes.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Gallagher, Winifred", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Genetics and Heredity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Mental Health and Disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "New: Understanding Our Need for Novelty and Change (Book)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Psychology and Psychologists", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Research", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-03-02T11:58:24Z", "dateModified": "2012-03-02T11:58:24Z" } }, { "key": "253AIA7K", "version": 407, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 46003, "name": "Impulsivity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46003/items/253AIA7K", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity/items/253AIA7K", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46003/items/AK2R39SH", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 155402, "username": "SB27", "name": "Stephanie Burnett Heyes", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sb27", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "253AIA7K", "version": 407, "parentItem": "AK2R39SH", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2011-12-14T16:56:28Z", "url": "http://www.pnas.org/content/99/20/13336.full.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Kwon et al. - 2002 - Neural basis of protracted developmental changes i.pdf", "md5": "922d4c89dadede5d88c383e629b8b24d", "mtime": 1323881798051, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-12-14T16:56:28Z", "dateModified": "2011-12-14T16:56:38Z" } }, { "key": "RVM4QHC9", "version": 409, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 46003, "name": "Impulsivity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46003/items/RVM4QHC9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity/items/RVM4QHC9", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46003/items/AK2R39SH", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 155402, "username": "SB27", "name": "Stephanie Burnett Heyes", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sb27", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "RVM4QHC9", "version": 409, "parentItem": "AK2R39SH", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2011-12-14T16:56:29Z", "url": "http://www.pnas.org/content/99/20/13336.short", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "13336.html", "md5": "866295788a6952133f6feeebb1866590", "mtime": 1323881790077, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-12-14T16:56:29Z", "dateModified": "2011-12-14T16:56:29Z" } }, { "key": "AK2R39SH", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 46003, "name": "Impulsivity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46003/items/AK2R39SH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity/items/AK2R39SH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 155402, "username": "SB27", "name": "Stephanie Burnett Heyes", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sb27", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kwon et al.", "parsedDate": "2002-10-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "AK2R39SH", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Neural basis of protracted developmental changes in visuo-spatial working memory", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H.", "lastName": "Kwon" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A. L.", "lastName": "Reiss" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "V.", "lastName": "Menon" } ], "abstractNote": "Developmental studies have shown that visuo-spatial working memory (VSWM) performance improves throughout childhood and adolescence into young adulthood. The neural basis of this protracted development is poorly understood. In this study, we used functional MRI (fMRI) to examine VSWM function in children, adolescents, and young adults, ages 7–22. Subjects performed a 2-back VSWM experiment that required dynamic storage and manipulation of spatial information. Accuracy and response latency on the VSWM task improved gradually, extending into young adulthood. Age-related increases in brain activation were observed in focal regions of the left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (including Broca's area), left premotor cortex, and left and right posterior parietal cortex. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the relative contributions of age, accuracy, and response latency on activation. Our analysis showed that age was the most significant predictor of activation in these brain regions. These findings provide strong evidence for a process of protracted functional maturation of bilateral fronto-parietal neural networks involved in VSWM development. At least two neural systems involved in VSWM mature together: (i) a right hemisphere visuo-spatial attentional system, and (ii) a left hemisphere phonological storage and rehearsal system. These observations suggest that visually and verbally mediated mnemonic processes, and their neural representations, develop concurrently during childhood and adolescence and into young adulthood.", "publicationTitle": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "October 01 , 2002", "volume": "99", "issue": "20", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "13336 -13341", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.162486399", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.pnas.org/content/99/20/13336.abstract", "accessDate": "2011-12-14T16:56:26Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Highwire 2.0", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-12-14T16:56:26Z", "dateModified": "2011-12-14T16:56:26Z" } }, { "key": "B5BR4QJV", "version": 414, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 46003, "name": "Impulsivity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46003/items/B5BR4QJV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity/items/B5BR4QJV", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 155402, "username": "SB27", "name": "Stephanie Burnett Heyes", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sb27", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 70812, "username": "MasudHusain", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/masudhusain", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Marin", "parsedDate": "1991", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "B5BR4QJV", "version": 414, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Apathy: a neuropsychiatric syndrome", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R S", "lastName": "Marin" } ], "abstractNote": "Traditionally, apathy has been viewed as a symptom indicating loss of interest or emotions. This paper evaluates evidence that neuropsychiatric disorders also produce a syndrome of apathy. Both the symptom and the syndrome of apathy are of conceptual interest because they signify loss of motivation. An apathy syndrome is defined as a syndrome of primary motivational loss, that is, loss of motivation not attributable to emotional distress, intellectual impairment, or diminished level of consciousness. Loss of motivation due to disturbance of intellect, emotion, or level of consciousness defines the symptom of apathy. Neuropsychiatric literature dealing with apathy is reviewed within the framework of three approaches to defining the concept of a syndrome. Clinical and investigative approaches for evaluating apathy when it occurs in association with other syndromes are described.", "publicationTitle": "The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1991", "volume": "3", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "243-254", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1821241", "accessDate": "2011-12-13T10:05:20Z", "PMID": "1821241", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0895-0172", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Apathy", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Affective Symptoms", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Arousal", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Delirium, Dementia, Amnestic, Cognitive Disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Motivation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Socialization", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Syndrome", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-12-13T10:05:20Z", "dateModified": "2011-12-13T10:05:20Z" } }, { "key": "BETPVTGU", "version": 414, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 46003, "name": "Impulsivity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46003/items/BETPVTGU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity/items/BETPVTGU", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 155402, "username": "SB27", "name": "Stephanie Burnett Heyes", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sb27", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 70812, "username": "MasudHusain", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/masudhusain", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Burnett et al.", "parsedDate": "2010-04", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BETPVTGU", "version": 414, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Adolescents' heightened risk-seeking in a probabilistic gambling task", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stephanie", "lastName": "Burnett" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nadège", "lastName": "Bault" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Giorgio", "lastName": "Coricelli" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sarah-Jayne", "lastName": "Blakemore" } ], "abstractNote": "This study investigated adolescent males' decision-making under risk, and the emotional response to decision outcomes, using a probabilistic gambling task designed to evoke counterfactually mediated emotions (relief and regret). Participants were 20 adolescents (aged 9-11), 26 young adolescents (aged 12-15), 20 mid-adolescents (aged 15-18) and 17 adults (aged 25-35). All were male. The ability to maximize expected value improved with age. However, there was an inverted U-shaped developmental pattern for risk-seeking. The age at which risk-taking was highest was 14.38 years. Although emotion ratings overall did not differ across age, there was an increase between childhood and young adolescence in the strength of counterfactually mediated emotions (relief and regret) reported after receiving feedback about the gamble outcome. We suggest that continuing development of the emotional response to outcomes may be a factor contributing to adolescents' risky behaviour.", "publicationTitle": "Cognitive Development", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Apr 2010", "volume": "25", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "183-196", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Cogn Dev", "DOI": "10.1016/j.cogdev.2009.11.003", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20689728", "accessDate": "2011-11-29T13:18:33Z", "PMID": "20689728", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0885-2014", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-11-29T13:18:44Z", "dateModified": "2011-11-29T13:18:44Z" } }, { "key": "S2PWHD4P", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 46003, "name": "Impulsivity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46003/items/S2PWHD4P", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity/items/S2PWHD4P", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46003/items/DR94PASZ", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 788536, "username": "Agnes Norbury", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/agnes_norbury", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "S2PWHD4P", "version": 2, "parentItem": "DR94PASZ", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Scopus - Document details", "accessDate": "2011-11-28T15:37:59Z", "url": "http://www.scopus.com/record/display.url?eid=2-s2.0-34249285836&origin=inward&txGid=p1uJoBNTyOyko7Q6oGDqmwO%3a16", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "display.html", "md5": "7853dcc71b05d4b77dab6ca8c4abe3c8", "mtime": 1322494680077, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-11-28T15:37:59Z", "dateModified": "2011-11-28T15:37:59Z" } }, { "key": "DR94PASZ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 46003, "name": "Impulsivity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46003/items/DR94PASZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity/items/DR94PASZ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 788536, "username": "Agnes Norbury", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/agnes_norbury", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Peluso et al.", "parsedDate": "2007", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "DR94PASZ", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Trait impulsivity in patients with mood disorders", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.A.M.", "lastName": "Peluso" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.P.", "lastName": "Hatch" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.C.", "lastName": "Glahn" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E.S.", "lastName": "Monkul" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Sanches" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P.", "lastName": "Najt" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C.L.", "lastName": "Bowden" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E.S.", "lastName": "Barratt" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.C.", "lastName": "Soares" } ], "abstractNote": "Background: Impulsivity is a key component of the manic behavior of bipolar disorder and is reported to occur in bipolar patients as a stable characteristic, i.e. a trait. Nevertheless, impulsivity has not been widely studied in depressed bipolar patients. We assessed impulsivity in depressed and euthymic bipolar and unipolar patients and healthy controls. We hypothesized that bipolar subjects would have higher levels of trait impulsivity than the comparison groups. Methods: Twenty-four depressed bipolar, 24 depressed unipolar, 12 euthymic bipolar, and 10 euthymic unipolar patients, as well as 51 healthy subjects were evaluated with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS). Analysis of covariance with age and sex as covariates was used to compare mean group differences. Results: Depressed bipolar, euthymic bipolar, and depressed unipolar patients did not differ, and showed greater impulsivity than healthy controls on all of the BIS scales. Euthymic unipolar patients scored higher than healthy controls only on motor impulsivity. Limitations: Higher number of past substance abusers in the bipolar groups, and no control for anxiety and personality disorders, as well as small sample sizes, limit the reach of this study. Conclusions: This study replicates prior findings of stable trait impulsivity in bipolar disorder patients, and extends them, confirming that this trait can be demonstrated in depressed patients, as well as manic and euthymic ones. Trait impulsivity may be the result of repeated mood episodes or be present prior to their onset, either way it would influence the clinical presentation of bipolar disorder. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Affective Disorders", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2007", "volume": "100", "issue": "1-3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "227-231", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Scopus", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Bipolar disorder", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Depression", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Impulsivity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Mood", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Unipolar disorder", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-11-28T15:37:50Z", "dateModified": "2011-11-28T15:37:50Z" } }, { "key": "KFQ8MXR3", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 46003, "name": "Impulsivity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46003/items/KFQ8MXR3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity/items/KFQ8MXR3", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46003/items/DR94PASZ", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 788536, "username": "Agnes Norbury", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/agnes_norbury", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "KFQ8MXR3", "version": 1, "parentItem": "DR94PASZ", "itemType": "note", "note": "

Cited By (since 1996): 32

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-11-28T15:37:50Z", "dateModified": "2011-11-28T15:37:50Z" } }, { "key": "IZGZ5TMT", "version": 415, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 46003, "name": "Impulsivity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46003/items/IZGZ5TMT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity/items/IZGZ5TMT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 788536, "username": "Agnes Norbury", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/agnes_norbury", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 70812, "username": "MasudHusain", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/masudhusain", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lee et al.", "parsedDate": "2009-11-25", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "IZGZ5TMT", "version": 415, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Striatal dopamine d2/d3 receptor availability is reduced in methamphetamine dependence and is linked to impulsivity", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Buyean", "lastName": "Lee" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Edythe D", "lastName": "London" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Russell A", "lastName": "Poldrack" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Judah", "lastName": "Farahi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Angelo", "lastName": "Nacca" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John R", "lastName": "Monterosso" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jeanette A", "lastName": "Mumford" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Andrew V", "lastName": "Bokarius" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Magnus", "lastName": "Dahlbom" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jogeshwar", "lastName": "Mukherjee" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert M", "lastName": "Bilder" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Arthur L", "lastName": "Brody" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mark A", "lastName": "Mandelkern" } ], "abstractNote": "While methamphetamine addiction has been associated with both impulsivity and striatal dopamine D(2)/D(3) receptor deficits, human studies have not directly linked the latter two entities. We therefore compared methamphetamine-dependent and healthy control subjects using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (version 11, BIS-11) and positron emission tomography with [(18)F]fallypride to measure striatal dopamine D(2)/D(3) receptor availability. The methamphetamine-dependent subjects reported recent use of the drug 3.3 g per week, and a history of using methamphetamine, on average, for 12.5 years. They had higher scores than healthy control subjects on all BIS-11 impulsiveness subscales (p < 0.001). Volume-of-interest analysis found lower striatal D(2)/D(3) receptor availability in methamphetamine-dependent than in healthy control subjects (p < 0.01) and a negative relationship between impulsiveness and striatal D(2)/D(3) receptor availability in the caudate nucleus and nucleus accumbens that reached statistical significance in methamphetamine-dependent subjects. Combining data from both groups, voxelwise analysis indicated that impulsiveness was related to D(2)/D(3) receptor availability in left caudate nucleus and right lateral putamen/claustrum (p < 0.05, determined by threshold-free cluster enhancement). In separate group analyses, correlations involving the head and body of the caudate and the putamen of methamphetamine-dependent subjects and the lateral putamen/claustrum of control subjects were observed at a weaker threshold (p < 0.12 corrected). The findings suggest that low striatal D(2)/D(3) receptor availability may mediate impulsive temperament and thereby influence addiction.", "publicationTitle": "The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Nov 25, 2009", "volume": "29", "issue": "47", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "14734-14740", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J. Neurosci.", "DOI": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3765-09.2009", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19940168", "accessDate": "2011-11-22T16:38:27Z", "PMID": "19940168", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1529-2401", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Amphetamine-Related Disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Basal Ganglia", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Biological Markers", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Caudate Nucleus", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Corpus Striatum", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Dopamine", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Down-Regulation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Functional Laterality", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Image Processing, Computer-Assisted", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Impulsive Behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Methamphetamine", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Neuropsychological Tests", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Nucleus accumbens", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Positron-Emission Tomography", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Putamen", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Receptors, Dopamine D2", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Receptors, Dopamine D3", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Young Adult", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-11-22T16:38:27Z", "dateModified": "2011-11-22T16:38:27Z" } }, { "key": "H8K49KV2", "version": 415, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 46003, "name": "Impulsivity", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/46003/items/H8K49KV2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/impulsivity/items/H8K49KV2", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 788536, "username": "Agnes Norbury", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/agnes_norbury", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 70812, "username": "MasudHusain", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/masudhusain", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Dalley et al.", "parsedDate": "2007-03-02", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "H8K49KV2", "version": 415, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Nucleus accumbens D2/3 receptors predict trait impulsivity and cocaine reinforcement", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jeffrey W", "lastName": "Dalley" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tim D", "lastName": "Fryer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Laurent", "lastName": "Brichard" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Emma S J", "lastName": "Robinson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David E H", "lastName": "Theobald" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kristjan", "lastName": "Lääne" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Yolanda", "lastName": "Peña" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Emily R", "lastName": "Murphy" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Yasmene", "lastName": "Shah" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Katrin", "lastName": "Probst" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Irina", "lastName": "Abakumova" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Franklin I", "lastName": "Aigbirhio" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Hugh K", "lastName": "Richards" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Young", "lastName": "Hong" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jean-Claude", "lastName": "Baron" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Barry J", "lastName": "Everitt" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Trevor W", "lastName": "Robbins" } ], "abstractNote": "Stimulant addiction is often linked to excessive risk taking, sensation seeking, and impulsivity, but in ways that are poorly understood. We report here that a form of impulsivity in rats predicts high rates of intravenous cocaine self-administration and is associated with changes in dopamine (DA) function before drug exposure. Using positron emission tomography, we demonstrated that D2/3 receptor availability is significantly reduced in the nucleus accumbens of impulsive rats that were never exposed to cocaine and that such effects are independent of DA release. These data demonstrate that trait impulsivity predicts cocaine reinforcement and that D2 receptor dysfunction in abstinent cocaine addicts may, in part, be determined by premorbid influences.", "publicationTitle": "Science (New York, N.Y.)", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Mar 2, 2007", "volume": "315", "issue": "5816", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1267-1270", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Science", "DOI": "10.1126/science.1137073", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17332411", "accessDate": "2011-11-22T16:37:35Z", "PMID": "17332411", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1095-9203", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Animals", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Basal Ganglia", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Benzamides", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cocaine", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cocaine-Related Disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Corpus Striatum", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Dopamine", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Dopamine Antagonists", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Impulsive Behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Nucleus accumbens", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Positron-Emission Tomography", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Pyrrolidines", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Rats", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Reaction Time", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Receptors, Dopamine D2", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Receptors, Dopamine D3", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Reinforcement (Psychology)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Self Administration", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Synaptic Transmission", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-11-22T16:37:35Z", "dateModified": "2011-11-22T16:37:35Z" } } ]