[ { "key": "R4WZDDBD", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 45268, "name": "La cartographie du GéoWeb / Mapping the GeoWeb", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/la_cartographie_du_goweb__mapping_the_geoweb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/45268/items/R4WZDDBD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/la_cartographie_du_goweb__mapping_the_geoweb/items/R4WZDDBD", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 123549, "username": "Joliveau", "name": "Thierry Joliveau", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joliveau", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Joliveau", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "R4WZDDBD", "version": 1, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "On nous fait marcher ! « Monde géonumérique", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Thierry", "lastName": "Joliveau" } ], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "Monde géonumerique", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://mondegeonumerique.wordpress.com/2007/10/02/vous-nous-faites-marcher/", "accessDate": "2011-05-15T18:05:50Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "AMENITES" }, { "tag": "GeoWeb Analytics" }, { "tag": "Walkscore" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-05-15T18:07:26Z", "dateModified": "2011-05-15T18:07:26Z" } }, { "key": "X5RWQP4U", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 45268, "name": "La cartographie du GéoWeb / Mapping the GeoWeb", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/la_cartographie_du_goweb__mapping_the_geoweb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/45268/items/X5RWQP4U", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/la_cartographie_du_goweb__mapping_the_geoweb/items/X5RWQP4U", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 123549, "username": "Joliveau", "name": "Thierry Joliveau", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joliveau", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Antoniou et al.", "parsedDate": "2010", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "X5RWQP4U", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Web 2.0 geotagged photos: assessing the spatial dimension of the phenomenon", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Vyron", "lastName": "Antoniou" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jeremy", "lastName": "Morley" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mordechai", "lastName": "Haklay" } ], "abstractNote": "Among popular Web 2.0 applications are the social networking, photo-sharing websites like Flickr,\nPanoramio, Picasa Web, and Geograph. The phenomenon of user-generated content and the increased presence\nof geographic information in such applications have motivated researchers to consider them as a\nsource of geographic information. In this paper we question whether such web applications can serve as\nreliable sources of spatial content. We differentiate between spatially explicit and implicit applications, in\naccordance to their declared aims, and evaluate if they have an impact on the spatial distribution of geotagged\nphotos for Great Britain. We also compare the spatial distribution of the photos submitted with population\ndata, and the patterns of contribution to these sources over a period of 18 months. Finally, at a larger scale,\nwe examine the spatial distribution of photos and their spatial density for 15 test areas and look into issues\nsuch as data currency and user behaviour. Our findings show that only web applications that urge users to\ninteract directly with spatial entities can serve as reliable, universal sources of spatial content.\n1. Introduction\nThe advances in the technologies associated\nwith the World Wide Web (the Web) over the past\nfew years have been significant, leading to the identification\nof a step change in web technologies that is\ntermed Web 2.0. While users contributed to the Web\nin its early days, Web 2.0 users are now central to the\nprocess of creating, sharing, consuming and disseminating\ninformation. This bi-directional flow of\ninformation leads to the growth in user-generated\ncontent (UGC). UGC has also affected the delivery\nof Geographic Information (GI) on the Web. By\ntoday’s standard, the majority of web maps around\n2005 had a very basic and trivial form. Today, common\nusers and experts interact and publish spatial\ninformation using sophisticated web mapping services\nranging from Google Maps, Microsoft’s Bing\nMaps, or Yahoo! Maps, through to Virtual Globes\nlike Google Earth or NASA’s World Wind.\nThe growth of UGC opens up new opportunities\nfor mapping the world. As Goodchild [2007b] states,\nthe arguments made by Estes and Mooneyhan\n[1994], about a mistaken popular notion of a wellmapped\nworld, are still true. In fact, mapping and\nmap updating programs are suffering serious delays\nin many countries due to budget limitations and\nrapid development. Thus, in the area of GI, it seems\nthat UGC opens up the possibility of supplying\ninformation that can be used to update and maintain\nexisting databases. The core question that is raised\nby this suggestion is, how effective is this data for\nupdating existing spatial information databases?\nResearchers have acknowledged the fact that\nthe evolution of the Web and the maturation of certain\nenabling technologies, such as Javascript\nApplication Programming Interfaces (APIs), GPSGEOMATICA\nVol. 64, No. 1, 2010 pp. 99 to 110\nVyron Antoniou\nJeremy Morley\nMordechai Haklay\nParmi les applications Web 2.0 populaires, nous avons accès aux sites Web de réseautage social et de\npartage de photos comme Flickr, Panoramio, Picasa Web et Geograph. Le phénomène du contenu généré par\nl’utilisateur et la présence accrue de l’information géographique dans ces applications ont motivé les\nchercheurs à les considérer comme source d’information géographique. Dans le présent article, nous tentons\nde déterminer si de telles applications Web peuvent servir de sources fiables de contenu spatial. Nous faisons\nla différence entre les applications spatialement explicites et implicites, conformément à leurs buts déclarés.\nNous évaluons aussi si ceci a une incidence sur la distribution spatiale des photos avec balise géographique\n(géotag) pour la Grande-Bretagne. De plus, nous comparons la distribution spatiale des photos soumises avec\nles données sur la population et les modèles de contribution à ces sources sur une période de 18 mois. Enfin,\nà plus grande échelle, nous examinons la distribution spatiale des photos et leur densité spatiale pour 15\nrégions d’essai et évaluons des questions telles que l’actualité des données et le comportement des utilisateurs.\nNos constatations démontrent que seules les applications Web qui incitent les utilisateurs à interagir\ndirectement avec les entités spatiales peuvent servir de sources universelles fiables de contenu spatial.", "publicationTitle": "Geomatica (Special issue on VGI)", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2010", "volume": "Vol. 64", "issue": "No. 1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "99- 110", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "LOCALISATION" }, { "tag": "PHOTOGRAPHIE" }, { "tag": "WEB 2.O" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-05-15T17:59:54Z", "dateModified": "2011-05-15T17:59:54Z" } }, { "key": "TXNW2JB7", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 45268, "name": "La cartographie du GéoWeb / Mapping the GeoWeb", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/la_cartographie_du_goweb__mapping_the_geoweb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/45268/items/TXNW2JB7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/la_cartographie_du_goweb__mapping_the_geoweb/items/TXNW2JB7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 123549, "username": "Joliveau", "name": "Thierry Joliveau", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joliveau", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Joliveau", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "TXNW2JB7", "version": 1, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "500 millions d’amis, la carte de Facebook – 1) Déconstruction « Monde géonumérique", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Thierry", "lastName": "Joliveau" } ], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "Monde géonumerique", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://mondegeonumerique.wordpress.com/2011/01/10/500-millions-damis-la-carte-de-facebook-1-deconstruction/", "accessDate": "2011-05-15T16:06:39Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Facebook" }, { "tag": "GeoWeb Analytics" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-05-15T16:06:39Z", "dateModified": "2011-05-15T16:06:57Z" } }, { "key": "SRWSEZAS", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 45268, "name": "La cartographie du GéoWeb / Mapping the GeoWeb", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/la_cartographie_du_goweb__mapping_the_geoweb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/45268/items/SRWSEZAS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/la_cartographie_du_goweb__mapping_the_geoweb/items/SRWSEZAS", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 123549, "username": "Joliveau", "name": "Thierry Joliveau", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joliveau", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Joliveau", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "SRWSEZAS", "version": 1, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Cartographie funèbre (2) « Monde géonumérique", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Thierry", "lastName": "Joliveau" } ], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "Monde géonumérique", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://mondegeonumerique.wordpress.com/2010/11/12/cartographie-funebre-2/", "accessDate": "2011-05-15T15:47:05Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "GeoWeb Analytics" }, { "tag": "Wikileaks" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-05-15T15:47:50Z", "dateModified": "2011-05-15T15:47:50Z" } }, { "key": "RQSQF3NS", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 45268, "name": "La cartographie du GéoWeb / Mapping the GeoWeb", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/la_cartographie_du_goweb__mapping_the_geoweb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/45268/items/RQSQF3NS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/la_cartographie_du_goweb__mapping_the_geoweb/items/RQSQF3NS", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 123549, "username": "Joliveau", "name": "Thierry Joliveau", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joliveau", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Joliveau", "parsedDate": "2010-11-04", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "RQSQF3NS", "version": 1, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Cartographie funèbre « Monde géonumérique", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Thierry", "lastName": "Joliveau" } ], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "Monde géonumerique", "websiteType": "Analyse", "date": "4 novembre 2010", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://mondegeonumerique.wordpress.com/2010/11/04/cartographie-funebre/", "accessDate": "2011-05-15T14:48:48Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "GeoWeb Analytics" }, { "tag": "Wikileaks" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-05-15T14:50:02Z", "dateModified": "2011-05-15T14:50:02Z" } }, { "key": "ATT9TR36", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 45268, "name": "La cartographie du GéoWeb / Mapping the GeoWeb", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/la_cartographie_du_goweb__mapping_the_geoweb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/45268/items/ATT9TR36", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/la_cartographie_du_goweb__mapping_the_geoweb/items/ATT9TR36", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 123549, "username": "Joliveau", "name": "Thierry Joliveau", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joliveau", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Joliveau", "parsedDate": "2009", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ATT9TR36", "version": 1, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Fièvre cartographique pour la grippe A(H1N1) « Monde géonumérique", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Thierry", "lastName": "Joliveau" } ], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "Monde géonumerique", "websiteType": "Analyse", "date": "3 mai 2009,", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://mondegeonumerique.wordpress.com/2009/05/03/fievre-cartographique-pour-la-grippe-ah1n1/", "accessDate": "2011-05-15T14:10:43Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "GeoWeb Analytics" }, { "tag": "Grippe H1N1" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-05-15T14:14:06Z", "dateModified": "2011-05-15T14:14:06Z" } }, { "key": "S4HQSUCK", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 45268, "name": "La cartographie du GéoWeb / Mapping the GeoWeb", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/la_cartographie_du_goweb__mapping_the_geoweb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/45268/items/S4HQSUCK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/la_cartographie_du_goweb__mapping_the_geoweb/items/S4HQSUCK", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 123549, "username": "Joliveau", "name": "Thierry Joliveau", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joliveau", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Neuhouse and Webmoor", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "S4HQSUCK", "version": 1, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Massified Research and Visualisation", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Fabian", "lastName": "Neuhouse" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tim", "lastName": "Webmoor" } ], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "UrbanTick", "websiteType": "Recherche", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://urbantick.blogspot.com/2011/03/massified-research-and-visualisation.html", "accessDate": "2011-05-14T22:05:10Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "CARTOGRAPHIE" }, { "tag": "FOUILLE DE DONNEES" }, { "tag": "GeoWeb Analytics" }, { "tag": "RESEAU SOCIAL" }, { "tag": "WEB" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-05-15T14:14:00Z", "dateModified": "2011-05-15T14:14:00Z" } }, { "key": "Z34AV9CV", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 45268, "name": "La cartographie du GéoWeb / Mapping the GeoWeb", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/la_cartographie_du_goweb__mapping_the_geoweb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/45268/items/Z34AV9CV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/la_cartographie_du_goweb__mapping_the_geoweb/items/Z34AV9CV", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 123549, "username": "Joliveau", "name": "Thierry Joliveau", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joliveau", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Joliveau", "parsedDate": "2009", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "Z34AV9CV", "version": 1, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Cartes de la grippe A(H1N1) (suite) « Monde géonumérique", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Thierry", "lastName": "Joliveau" } ], "abstractNote": "Quel type de carte produit-on pour informer sur un phénomène global tel que la grippe A(H1N1) ? Après une rapide analyse des deux principaux sites Web présentant une cartographie systématique et actualisée, je propose un exemple très simple de carte qui bouge.", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "18 juin 2009", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://mondegeonumerique.wordpress.com/2009/06/18/cartes-de-la-grippe-ah1n1-suite/", "accessDate": "2011-05-15T14:12:03Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "GeoWeb Analytics" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-05-15T14:13:16Z", "dateModified": "2011-05-15T14:13:16Z" } }, { "key": "R8BQV4TE", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 45268, "name": "La cartographie du GéoWeb / Mapping the GeoWeb", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/la_cartographie_du_goweb__mapping_the_geoweb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/45268/items/R8BQV4TE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/la_cartographie_du_goweb__mapping_the_geoweb/items/R8BQV4TE", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 123549, "username": "Joliveau", "name": "Thierry Joliveau", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joliveau", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Joliveau", "parsedDate": "2009", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "R8BQV4TE", "version": 1, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "« Néogéographie  des victimes de Madoff « Monde géonumérique", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Thierry", "lastName": "Joliveau" } ], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "Monde géonumerique", "websiteType": "Analyse", "date": "16 février 2009,", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://mondegeonumerique.wordpress.com/2009/02/16/neogeographie-des-victimes-de-madoff/", "accessDate": "2011-05-15T13:58:34Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "Fr", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "GeoWeb Analytics" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-05-15T14:00:53Z", "dateModified": "2011-05-15T14:00:53Z" } }, { "key": "QRUTACJU", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 45268, "name": "La cartographie du GéoWeb / Mapping the GeoWeb", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/la_cartographie_du_goweb__mapping_the_geoweb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/45268/items/QRUTACJU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/la_cartographie_du_goweb__mapping_the_geoweb/items/QRUTACJU", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 123549, "username": "Joliveau", "name": "Thierry Joliveau", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joliveau", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "QRUTACJU", "version": 1, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "GeoCommons", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "Share your interactive maps and analysis with others. Maps are easily embedded in websites, blogs and wikis and with one click can be shared via Facebook, Twitter and many others.\n\n Sign up for Free", "websiteTitle": "Geocommons", "websiteType": "Outils et Données", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://geocommons.com/", "accessDate": "2011-05-15T11:42:27Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "GeoWeb Analytics" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-05-15T11:43:48Z", "dateModified": "2011-05-15T11:43:48Z" } }, { "key": "M54TWGP2", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 45268, "name": "La cartographie du GéoWeb / Mapping the GeoWeb", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/la_cartographie_du_goweb__mapping_the_geoweb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/45268/items/M54TWGP2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/la_cartographie_du_goweb__mapping_the_geoweb/items/M54TWGP2", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 123549, "username": "Joliveau", "name": "Thierry Joliveau", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joliveau", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "M54TWGP2", "version": 1, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "GeoIQ Blog", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "Welcome to the GeoIQ blog. We write about features of our GeoIQ analytics engine, what is new and exciting in the GeoCommons community, and general industry thought leadership and discussions of geospatial data visualization and analysis.", "websiteTitle": "GeoIQ", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://blog.geoiq.com/", "accessDate": "2011-05-15T11:33:01Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "En", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "GeoWeb Analytics" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-05-15T11:34:19Z", "dateModified": "2011-05-15T11:34:19Z" } }, { "key": "US42TXTM", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 45268, "name": "La cartographie du GéoWeb / Mapping the GeoWeb", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/la_cartographie_du_goweb__mapping_the_geoweb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/45268/items/US42TXTM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/la_cartographie_du_goweb__mapping_the_geoweb/items/US42TXTM", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/45268/items/9KTK368F", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 123549, "username": "Joliveau", "name": "Thierry Joliveau", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joliveau", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "US42TXTM", "version": 1, "parentItem": "9KTK368F", "itemType": "note", "note": "

Stephen Von Worley est un artiste et scientifique.

\n

Ce travail est consacré à une cartographie des 7, 5 millions de toponymes stockés dans la base de données Géonames.

\n

Légende :Légende : colored additively: blue for water, green for land, and red for manmade structures, settlements, cultural locations,

\n

Artefacts : frontières : équipement cartographique préexistant (une bonne part des sources de Géonames sont des toponymes sur des cartes papier)

\n

Voir ce site : http://geonames.wordpress.com/2011/01/11/visualizations/ au

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-05-13T07:41:34Z", "dateModified": "2011-05-13T07:41:34Z" } }, { "key": "9KTK368F", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 45268, "name": "La cartographie du GéoWeb / Mapping the GeoWeb", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/la_cartographie_du_goweb__mapping_the_geoweb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/45268/items/9KTK368F", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/la_cartographie_du_goweb__mapping_the_geoweb/items/9KTK368F", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 123549, "username": "Joliveau", "name": "Thierry Joliveau", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joliveau", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Von Worley's", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "9KTK368F", "version": 1, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Ready And Rumbling – Data Pointed", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stephen", "lastName": "Von Worley's" } ], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "Data Pointed", "websiteType": "Visualisation", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.datapointed.net/2011/01/happy-new-year/", "accessDate": "2011-05-13T07:29:10Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "EUROPE" }, { "tag": "Geonames" }, { "tag": "Monde" }, { "tag": "Noms de lieux" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-05-13T07:41:34Z", "dateModified": "2011-05-13T07:41:34Z" } }, { "key": "RJXK4G3C", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 45268, "name": "La cartographie du GéoWeb / Mapping the GeoWeb", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/la_cartographie_du_goweb__mapping_the_geoweb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/45268/items/RJXK4G3C", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/la_cartographie_du_goweb__mapping_the_geoweb/items/RJXK4G3C", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/45268/items/2RV92GSQ", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 123549, "username": "Joliveau", "name": "Thierry Joliveau", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joliveau", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "RJXK4G3C", "version": 1, "parentItem": "2RV92GSQ", "itemType": "note", "note": "

Le projet de Peter Warden était d'analyser les données tirées de 210 millions de profils publics.

\n

Il produit une carte de 7 grandes régions des Etats-Unis construits à partir des lieux regroupant les connexions les plus fréquentes. Il caractérise ces régions en fonction des fan pages dominantes des profils. La méthodologie de hiérarchisation des liaisons et de segmentation des régions est rien moins que clair.Les limites et la typologie sont fantaisistes et semblent refléter les a priori de l'auteur.

\n
\n

With that in mind, I took a screenshot of my city analysis, grabbed SumoPaint and started sketching in the patterns I'd noticed. After drawing those in, I spent a few more minutes coming up with silly names for the different areas and wrote up some commentary on them. I was a bit embarassed by the shallowness of my analysis, and I was keen to see what professional researchers could do with the same information, so I added a postscript offering them an anonymized version of my source data. Source

\n
\n

(296 commentaires à propos de la carte)

\n

Il explique dans un autre billet comment il a été menacé d'un procès par Facebook. Warden est un ancien ingénieur de chez Apple qui s'est mis à son compte sur le marché de l'analyse et de la visualisation des données du Web : messagerie, Twitter. Son idée était de \"crawler\" (indexer ou récupérer les données d'un serveur) sur les profils de Facebook. Il avait fait la même chose sur Google. Il a donc écrit son propre programme et l'a laissé tourner 6 mois. Il a aussi écrit un programme permettant de cartographier la fréquence de localisation aux Etats-Unis des Page Fan de Facebook. L'objectif était explicitement de développer des outils de marketing. Sur Fanpage Analytics on trouve une carte des liaisons entre cité et Etats des Etats-unis et pays du Monde.

\n

L'annonce qu'il allait mettre à la disposition de tous ses données  a conduit Facebook à le menacer d'un procès. Le coeur de la plainte était à propos de l'utilisation du fichier robots.txt ( fichier d'exclusion des robots, est une ressource de format texte qui peut être placée à la racine d'un site Web, et qui contient une liste des ressources du site qui ne sont pas censées être indexées par les robots d'indexation des moteurs de recherche. Par convention, les robots consultent robots.txt avant d'indexer un site Web. Sur le serveur Web, cette ressource est fréquemment enregistrée dans un fichier texte appelé robots.txt. 'wikipedia). Warde, arguait respecter l'exclusion. Facebook défendait que seul une demande d'autorisation préalable était nécessaire. Pour Waarden, est-ce que Google demande la permission des sites avant d'indexer leur contenu.

\n

Le débat qui suit porte sur le caractère légal ou non d'indexer systématiquement les données  publiques des sites par un crawler et deuxième point de les publier.

\n

 

\n

 

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-05-12T17:48:38Z", "dateModified": "2011-05-12T19:12:11Z" } }, { "key": "UVGXJGDX", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 45268, "name": "La cartographie du GéoWeb / Mapping the GeoWeb", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/la_cartographie_du_goweb__mapping_the_geoweb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/45268/items/UVGXJGDX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/la_cartographie_du_goweb__mapping_the_geoweb/items/UVGXJGDX", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 123549, "username": "Joliveau", "name": "Thierry Joliveau", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joliveau", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "UVGXJGDX", "version": 1, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Gnip is the Social Media API", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "Outil", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://gnip.com/", "accessDate": "2011-05-12T18:43:10Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-05-12T18:43:10Z", "dateModified": "2011-05-12T18:43:26Z" } }, { "key": "2RV92GSQ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 45268, "name": "La cartographie du GéoWeb / Mapping the GeoWeb", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/la_cartographie_du_goweb__mapping_the_geoweb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/45268/items/2RV92GSQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/la_cartographie_du_goweb__mapping_the_geoweb/items/2RV92GSQ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 123549, "username": "Joliveau", "name": "Thierry Joliveau", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joliveau", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Warden", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "2RV92GSQ", "version": 1, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "PeteSearch: How to split up the US", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Peter", "lastName": "Warden" } ], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://petewarden.typepad.com/searchbrowser/2010/02/how-to-split-up-the-us.html", "accessDate": "2011-05-12T17:40:23Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Etat-Unis" }, { "tag": "Facebook" }, { "tag": "Region" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-05-12T17:40:23Z", "dateModified": "2011-05-12T17:49:58Z" } }, { "key": "B6XCWKPG", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 45268, "name": "La cartographie du GéoWeb / Mapping the GeoWeb", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/la_cartographie_du_goweb__mapping_the_geoweb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/45268/items/B6XCWKPG", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/la_cartographie_du_goweb__mapping_the_geoweb/items/B6XCWKPG", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 123549, "username": "Joliveau", "name": "Thierry Joliveau", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joliveau", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ficher", "parsedDate": "2010", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "B6XCWKPG", "version": 1, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Locals and Tourists", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Eric", "lastName": "Ficher" } ], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "Local and Tourists", "websiteType": "Album Flickr", "date": "2010", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.flickr.com/photos/walkingsf/sets/72157624209158632", "accessDate": "2011-05-12T17:27:02Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "En", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-05-12T17:27:02Z", "dateModified": "2011-05-12T17:38:20Z" } }, { "key": "X5UTGVJV", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 45268, "name": "La cartographie du GéoWeb / Mapping the GeoWeb", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/la_cartographie_du_goweb__mapping_the_geoweb", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/45268/items/X5UTGVJV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/la_cartographie_du_goweb__mapping_the_geoweb/items/X5UTGVJV", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/45268/items/B6XCWKPG", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 123549, "username": "Joliveau", "name": "Thierry Joliveau", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joliveau", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "X5UTGVJV", "version": 1, "parentItem": "B6XCWKPG", "itemType": "note", "note": "

Projet : Création d'images pour une série de 131 villes dans le monde présentant les lieux photographiés à partir des photos publiés sur Flickr et sur Picasa en distinguant celles prises par les \"touristes\" et celles prises par les \"locaux\"
Lieu : Paris
Méthodologie : La distinction entre photographies de touristes et photographies de locaux n'est pas tirée du lieu d'habitation de l'utilisateur de Flickr, qui est facultatif dans le profil et non publiée sur le Web. Elle est inférée de la période couverte par les photographies de l'auteur dans la même ville: si elle est de 1 mois ou plus, le photographe est réputé être un local (points bleus), si elle est de moins d'un mois ce serait un touriste (points rouges). Les points jaunes sont indéterminés. Ce sont des personnes ayant pris des photographies un peu partout pendant plus d'un mois. D'après l'auteur,il s'agit vraisemblablement de touristes mais peut être aussi des personnes publiant peu de photographies. La localisation des points est tirée des Géotags des photographies. Les traits relient deux photos prises à 10 mn d'intervalle. Les cartes sont dans des projections cylindriques spécifiques avec l'échelle des latitude et longitude égales au point central. Les régions représentées sont toutes à la même échelle (15 miles Est-Ouest). L'extraction se fait grâce aux API Flickr et Picasa. Le fond de carte est Open Street Map.

\n

Quelques remarques à caractère méthodologique tirées des commentaires sur le site :
- établir en complément d'autres distinctions : photographies prises le week-end / durant la semaine, entre 9 h. du soir et 3 h. du matin pour cartographier la vie nocturne, analyser le niveau de luminosité et la balance des couleurs pour voir où vont les gens selon qu'il fait beau ou non ...
- il peut y a voir un biais lié au fait que les personnes ne géolocalisent pas ou ne publient pas sur Flickr les photos qu'ils prennent près de chez eux pour des raisons de vie privé. Le volume des photographies des résidents est certainement sous-estimé.
- ne serait-il pas possible de faire une visualisation présentant la proportion de touristes et de locaux plutôt que de superposer les deux phénomènes ? Par exemple en appliquant une grille sur la carte et en calculant les % par cellule.
- le choix d'une projection cylindrique spécifique à chaque lieu peut créer certaines distorsions dans les hautes latitudes mais surtout ne facilite pas la superposition à Google Maps ou l'intégration dans un SIG.

Quelques remarques sur les usages :
- Certains commentateurs envisagent d'utiliser ces cartes pour prendre des photographies là où \"les locaux\" en prennent.

", "tags": [ { "tag": "PHOTOGRAPHIE" }, { "tag": "TOURISME" }, { "tag": "URBAIN" }, { "tag": "VILLE" } ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-05-12T17:29:25Z", "dateModified": "2011-05-12T17:30:38Z" } } ]