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            "note": "<p>ELMBORG</p>\n<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Lack of clear definition has prevented application of critical theory on information literacy</p>\n<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; “literacy researchers from outside the libraries have grown increasingly critical of the effort to define literacy through standards” 193</p>\n<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Norgaard’s call to move away “from instrumental, skill-based definitions of literacy and toward an understanding of literacy as a culturally situated phenomenon based on the way communities construct meaning and belonging” 193</p>\n<p>Critical theorists</p>\n<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Freireian banking model</p>\n<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; “What is the role of the library in the Freireian vision of critical literacy? Is the library a passive information back where students and faculty make knowledge deposits and withdrawals, or is it a place where students actively engage existing knowledge and shape it where to their own and future uses? And what is the librarian’s role as an educator in this process?” 193</p>\n<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Quotes Kaptizke and Luke, and Gage who call for librarianship to embrace critical literacy</p>\n<p>o&nbsp;&nbsp; “Critical literacy focuses on the links between the educational process and the politics of literacy” 193</p>\n<p>o&nbsp;&nbsp; “Rather than focus on schools as tools for transmitting knowledge, critical theory examines schools as agents of culture and shapers of student consciousness” 193</p>\n<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Students as meaning-makers in a specific social-cultural context</p>\n<p>New London Group and multiliteracies</p>\n<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; “New technologies increase the speed of information flow and the diversity of formats in which we receive information.&nbsp; In this environment, definitions based on traditional monolingual, monocultural literacies become defensive and reactionary” 195</p>\n<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; New literacy definition: “Literacy is the ability to read, interpret, and produce ‘texts’ appropriate and valued within a given community” 195</p>\n<p>Literacy events.</p>\n<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; “Most importantly, people produce, read, and interpret texts in communities, not in isolation.&nbsp; Communities reach consensus about interpretation, sometimes easily and sometime contentiously.” 194</p>\n<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Literacy events- moments of meaning negotiation</p>\n<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; “Literacy events allow community members to develop regular, recurring interpretive patterns over time.&nbsp; Being an insider to a community means recognizing and participating in literacy events- knowing the codes used by the community and the customs and conventions in play” 195</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Academic discourse</p>\n<p>Gee</p>\n<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Primary discourse (home discourse)</p>\n<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; College/ uni asks students to move to a secondary discourse (Bruffee reacculturation process)</p>\n<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Uniqueness of academic discourse (unnatural</p>\n<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; “Students must learn how information functions in proof or argument, and why that information is accepted while other information is not.&nbsp; Ultimately, students need to produce information that meets the community’s standard” 195</p>\n<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; For some students academic discourse conflicts with home discourse (creating privilege and implications on student success)</p>\n<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Therefore, IL&nbsp; “involves the comprehension of an entire system of thought and the ways that information flows in that system.&nbsp; ultimately, it also involves the capacity to critically evaluate the system itself” 196</p>\n<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Genres of academia, graded and coded literacy events</p>\n<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Begs the question: “Should librarians ‘serve’ the academy by teaching its literacy skills unquestioningly, or should librarians participate in the critical reflection undertaken by&nbsp; ‘educators,’ a reflection that leads us to challenge, if necessary, the politics of academic exclusion, and to participate in the creation of new and better academic models?”</p>\n<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Conflict of academic discourse coding and critical reflections: “Should librarians ‘serve’ the academy by teaching its literacy skills unquestioningly, or should librarians participate in the critical reflection undertaken by&nbsp; ‘educators,’ a reflection that leads us to challenge, if necessary, the politics of academic exclusion, and to participate in the creation of new and better academic models?”197 Elmborg</p>\n<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; “Should librarians be content to teach “the grammar of information,’ or should they emphasize its role in creating privileged discourse? Again, it depends on whether we see librarianship as a profession which serves the dominant ideology of the academy, or whether librarians see themselves as critical educators in pursuit of more ‘democratic’ models” 197</p>\n<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Library classification and IL standards place learner outside</p>\n<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; “Ultimately, critical information literacy involves developing a critical consciousness about information, learning to ask questions about the library’s (and the academy’s) role in structuring and presenting a single knowable reality” 198</p>\n<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; “The real task for librarians in treating information literacy seriously lies not in defining it or describing it, but in developing a critical practice of librarianship—a theoretically, informed praxis.” 198</p>\n<p>-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; “Librarians will be involved with the daily struggle of translation between the organized conceptions of knowledge and the efforts of students to engage that knowledge” 198</p>",
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