[ { "key": "HQAAZ9WA", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 45192, "name": "Computer and laptop LCA", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/computer_and_laptop_lca", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/45192/items/HQAAZ9WA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/computer_and_laptop_lca/items/HQAAZ9WA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 27630, "username": "sboyd", "name": "S Boyd", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sboyd", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Babbitt et al.", "parsedDate": "2009-07-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "HQAAZ9WA", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Evolution of Product Lifespan and Implications for Environmental Assessment and Management: A Case Study of Personal Computers in Higher Education", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Callie W.", "lastName": "Babbitt" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ramzy", "lastName": "Kahhat" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Eric", "lastName": "Williams" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gregory A.", "lastName": "Babbitt" } ], "abstractNote": "Trends in the lifespan evolution of personal computers and implications for life cycle assessment and e-waste management, based on a case study of the U.S. higher education sector.", "publicationTitle": "Environmental Science & Technology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "July 01, 2009", "volume": "43", "issue": "13", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "5106-5112", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1021/es803568p", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es803568p", "accessDate": "2010-01-27T22:11:51Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Evolution of Product Lifespan and Implications for Environmental Assessment and Management", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ACS Publications", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/9590/items/NKA5JU4E" }, "dateAdded": "2011-05-12T02:44:32Z", "dateModified": "2011-05-12T02:44:32Z" } }, { "key": "JC83ABA8", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 45192, "name": "Computer and laptop LCA", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/computer_and_laptop_lca", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/45192/items/JC83ABA8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/computer_and_laptop_lca/items/JC83ABA8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 27630, "username": "sboyd", "name": "S Boyd", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sboyd", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Andrae et al.", "parsedDate": "2005", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "JC83ABA8", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Significance of intermediate production processes in life cycle assessment of electronic products assessed using a generic compact model", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Anders S.G.", "lastName": "Andrae" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dag R.", "lastName": "Andersson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Johan", "lastName": "Liu" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Cleaner Production", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2005", "volume": "13", "issue": "13-14", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1269–1279", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2005.05.013", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VFX-4GG8VPT-1/2/3e161ab48950efe9d7def53893e9e3e4", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0959-6526", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Data collection model" }, { "tag": "Electronic products" }, { "tag": "Global warming potential" }, { "tag": "Intermediate upstream processes" }, { "tag": "Life cycle inventory" }, { "tag": "life cycle assessment" } ], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/9590/items/AM7XT4SP" }, "dateAdded": "2011-05-12T02:44:27Z", "dateModified": "2011-05-12T02:44:27Z" } }, { "key": "SF5ATZB4", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 45192, "name": "Computer and laptop LCA", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/computer_and_laptop_lca", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/45192/items/SF5ATZB4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/computer_and_laptop_lca/items/SF5ATZB4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 27630, "username": "sboyd", "name": "S Boyd", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sboyd", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "brown and linden", "parsedDate": "2005", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "SF5ATZB4", "version": 1, "itemType": "report", "title": "Offshoring in the Semiconductor Industry: Historical Perspectives", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "clair", "lastName": "brown" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "greg", "lastName": "linden" } ], "abstractNote": "", "reportNumber": "", "reportType": "", "institution": "Institute for Research on Labor and Employment. Institute for Research on Labor and Employment", "place": "", "date": "2005", "seriesTitle": "Institute for Research on Labor and Employment. Institute for Research on Labor and Employment Working Paper Series", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://repositories.cdlib.org/iir/iirwps/iirwps-120-05/", "accessDate": "2009-03-02T20:17:28Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/9590/items/9TZQDZG8" }, "dateAdded": "2011-05-12T02:44:17Z", "dateModified": "2011-05-12T02:44:17Z" } }, { "key": "Z4AUVDEZ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 45192, "name": "Computer and laptop LCA", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/computer_and_laptop_lca", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/45192/items/Z4AUVDEZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/computer_and_laptop_lca/items/Z4AUVDEZ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 27630, "username": "sboyd", "name": "S Boyd", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sboyd", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Boyd et al.", "parsedDate": "2006", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "Z4AUVDEZ", "version": 1, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "Life Cycle Inventory of a CMOS Chip", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Boyd" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Dornfeld" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N.", "lastName": "Krishnan" } ], "abstractNote": "A life cycle inventory for comparative assessment of assorted semiconductor device types is assembled using a library of process step-related information. In this paper, we present the structure of this library of energy use, material inputs and emissions data at the process equipment-level and facilities-scale, normalized per wafer. Selected results from a case study of a 130nm node CMOS device are presented and compared with a previous study of a comparable chip. Comparative production impacts of 6-layer and 8-layer CMOS devices are shown", "proceedingsTitle": "Electronics and the Environment, 2006. Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on", "conferenceName": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2006", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "253–257", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650071", "ISBN": "1095-2020", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "130 nm" }, { "tag": "CMOS chip" }, { "tag": "CMOS integrated circuits" }, { "tag": "Environmental Management" }, { "tag": "design for environment" }, { "tag": "process step-related information" }, { "tag": "product life cycle management" } ], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/9590/items/MSXG8ERE" }, "dateAdded": "2011-05-12T02:44:12Z", "dateModified": "2011-05-12T02:44:12Z" } }, { "key": "VITVDU5W", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 45192, "name": "Computer and laptop LCA", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/computer_and_laptop_lca", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/45192/items/VITVDU5W", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/computer_and_laptop_lca/items/VITVDU5W", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 27630, "username": "sboyd", "name": "S Boyd", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sboyd", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Blowers and Titus", "parsedDate": "2004", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "VITVDU5W", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Use of life-cycle inventory as a screening tool for environmental performance: Supercritical carbon dioxide in the semiconductor industry", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Paul", "lastName": "Blowers" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Monica", "lastName": "Titus" } ], "abstractNote": "Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) is attractive as a green solvent because it has environmental benefits and attractive physical properties for many applications. In addition, removal of supercritical conditions after use can allow perfect separation and recycle of the solvent. In this work, we investigate using scCO2 as a rinsing agent to replace ultrapure water in semiconductor manufacturing. By conducting a gate-to-gate life-cycle inventory (LCI) of scCO2 usage, we begin to evaluate the overall environmental impact the process may incur. After conducting the LCI of a particular scCO2 rinsing process we find the process requires 1 kg of new CO2 and 0.27 kg of new propylene carbonate per wafer cleaning cycle because of the need for start-up, purging, and separation processes. The total pumping requirements are 88 kJ/cycle, whereas cooling requirements are 249 kJ/cycle and require cooling to 10� C. Heating requirements are 616 kJ/cycle and require reaching temperatures of 65� C for cleaning or 25.5� C for separations. Refrigeration cycle requirements add an additional 298 kJ/cycle to the energy requirements so the total energy inputs to the process, including the refrigeration, are 1002 kJ/cycle. These material and energy needs are much lower than the requirements of the ultrapure water technologies currently in use for wafer rinsing. Companies now have baseline data to evaluate whether this new technology will be suitable for their needs. Finally, throughout any LCI, there are many key assumptions and barriers to obtaining high quality data, which the chemical and environmental engineering communities should begin addressing as more life-cycle inventories and assessments are completed. � 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2004", "publicationTitle": "Environmental Progress", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2004", "volume": "23", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "284–290", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1002/ep.10047", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ep.10047", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/9590/items/T5V2B6UB" }, "dateAdded": "2011-05-12T02:44:03Z", "dateModified": "2011-05-12T02:44:03Z" } }, { "key": "GCN25AAQ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 45192, "name": "Computer and laptop LCA", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/computer_and_laptop_lca", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/45192/items/GCN25AAQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/computer_and_laptop_lca/items/GCN25AAQ", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/45192/items/636WPXDT", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 27630, "username": "sboyd", "name": "S Boyd", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sboyd", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "GCN25AAQ", "version": 1, "parentItem": "636WPXDT", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "com_2008_241_1_en.pdf (application/pdf Object)", "accessDate": "2009-06-29T04:41:13Z", "url": "http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/activities/sustainable_growth/docs/com_2008_241_1_en.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "windows-1252", "tags": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/9590/items/S66DXKR6" }, "dateAdded": "2011-05-12T02:41:20Z", "dateModified": "2011-05-12T02:41:20Z" } }, { "key": "636WPXDT", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 45192, "name": "Computer and laptop LCA", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/computer_and_laptop_lca", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/45192/items/636WPXDT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/computer_and_laptop_lca/items/636WPXDT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 27630, "username": "sboyd", "name": "S Boyd", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sboyd", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "{COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES}", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "636WPXDT", "version": 1, "itemType": "report", "title": "COMMUNICATION FROM THE European COMMISSION: Addressing the challenge of energy efficiency through Information and Communication Technologies", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "{COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES}" } ], "abstractNote": "", "reportNumber": "COM(2008) 241 final", "reportType": "", "institution": "", "place": "", "date": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/9590/items/HX5GSHFW" }, "dateAdded": "2011-05-12T02:41:20Z", "dateModified": "2011-05-12T02:41:20Z" } }, { "key": "4SF234UZ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 45192, "name": "Computer and laptop LCA", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/computer_and_laptop_lca", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/45192/items/4SF234UZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/computer_and_laptop_lca/items/4SF234UZ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 27630, "username": "sboyd", "name": "S Boyd", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sboyd", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Andrae et al.", "parsedDate": "2004", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "4SF234UZ", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Uncertainty estimation by Monte Carlo Simulation applied to life cycle inventory of cordless phones and microscale metallization Processes", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.S.G.", "lastName": "Andrae" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P.", "lastName": "Moller" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Anderson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Liu" } ], "abstractNote": "This work focuses on uncertainty analysis, that is, how the input data uncertainty affects the output data uncertainty in small but realistic product systems. The motivation for the study is to apply the Monte Carlo simulation for uncertainty estimation in life cycle inventory and environmental assessment of microelectronics applications. The present paper addresses the question whether there is an environmental advantage of using digital enhanced cordless telecommunications (DECT) phones instead of global system for mobile (GSM) phones in offices. This paper also addresses the environmental compatibility of electrochemical pattern replication (ECPR) compared to classical photolithography-based microscale metallization (CL) for pattern transfer. Both environmental assessments in This work consider electricity consumption and CO2 emissions and the projects undertaken are two comparative studies of DECT phone/GSM phone and ECPR/CL, respectively. The research method used was probabilistic uncertainty modeling with a limited number of inventory parameters used in the MATLAB tool. For the DECT/GSM study the results reflects the longer DECT technical life which is an environmental advantage. For the electrochemical pattern replication (ECPR)/classical photolithography based microscale metallization (CL) study the results reflects the fewer number of process steps and the lower electricity consumption needed by the ECPR to reach the functional unit. The difference in results is large enough to be able to draw conclusions, as the processes, having the highest electricity consumption within the system boundaries have been determined. Based on an earlier work, a straightforward method to include uncertainty for input life cycle inventory data is used to quantify the influence of realistic errors for input data in two microelectronic applications. The conclusion is that the ECPR technology is more electricity efficient than CL in producing one layer of copper on a silicon wafer having a diameter of 20.32 cm. Furthermore, the longer technical life of a cordless DECT phone is reflected in an electricity/CO2 comparison with a GSM phone, if office use is considered. Reasonable uncertainty intervals, used for the input life cycle inventory data for the studied DE- CT/GSM and ECPR/CL system, does affect the outcome of calculation of emission of CO2, but not to the degree that conclusions are not valid. Different uncertainty intervals and probability distributions could apply for different types of data and the interrelated input data dependencies should be investigated. Today there exist very few life cycle inventory (LCI) data with the range of uncertainty for input and output elements. It must be emphasized that the upcoming LCI databases should have standard deviation characterized LCI data just as the Swiss ecoinvent LCI database. More inventory parameters and probability distributions characteristic for microsystems could be included and error analysis should be applied to future life inventory methodology, especially for future packaging concepts such as system-in-a-package and system-on-a-chip comparisons.", "publicationTitle": "Electronics Packaging Manufacturing, IEEE Transactions on", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2004", "volume": "27", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "233–245", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1109/TEPM.2004.843163", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1521-334X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "20.32 cm" }, { "tag": "CO2" }, { "tag": "CO2 emission" }, { "tag": "Cu" }, { "tag": "DECT technical life" }, { "tag": "Monte Carlo methods" }, { "tag": "Monte Carlo simulation" }, { "tag": "Si" }, { "tag": "carbon compounds" }, { "tag": "cellular radio" }, { "tag": "classical photolithography metallization" }, { "tag": "cordless DECT phone" }, { "tag": "cordless telephone systems" }, { "tag": "digital enhanced cordless telecommunications phones" }, { "tag": "electricity consumption" }, { "tag": "electrochemical pattern replication" }, { "tag": "electrochemistry" }, { "tag": "environmental advantage" }, { "tag": "environmental assessment" }, { "tag": "environmental compatibility" }, { "tag": "environmental factors" }, { "tag": "global system for mobile phones" }, { "tag": "input data uncertainty" }, { "tag": "input life cycle inventory data" }, { "tag": "life cycle costing" }, { "tag": "metallisation" }, { "tag": "microelectronics applications" }, { "tag": "microscale metallization processes" }, { "tag": "output data uncertainty" }, { "tag": "pattern transfer" }, { "tag": "probabilistic uncertainty modeling" }, { "tag": "probability" }, { "tag": "probability distributions" }, { "tag": "replica techniques" }, { "tag": "silicon wafer" }, { "tag": "uncertainty analysis" }, { "tag": "uncertainty estimation" }, { "tag": "uncertainty handling" } ], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/9590/items/3RVMWRK8" }, "dateAdded": "2011-05-12T02:41:20Z", "dateModified": "2011-05-12T02:41:20Z" } }, { "key": "WAV4PZBZ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 45192, "name": "Computer and laptop LCA", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/computer_and_laptop_lca", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/45192/items/WAV4PZBZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/computer_and_laptop_lca/items/WAV4PZBZ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 27630, "username": "sboyd", "name": "S Boyd", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sboyd", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ahluwalia and Nema", "parsedDate": "2007", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "WAV4PZBZ", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A life cycle based multi-objective optimization model for the management of computer waste", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P. K.", "lastName": "Ahluwalia" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A. K.", "lastName": "Nema" } ], "abstractNote": "The accelerating pace of waste generation from used electrical and electronic equipment is of growing global concern. Within this waste stream, computer hardware is quite significant in terms of both volume and risk to the environment because of the hazardous materials within it. The waste management hierarchy of prevention, reuse, recycle, treatment and disposal in landfill is accepted as a universal guideline for waste management. The contemporary concept of integrated solid waste management is very complex comprising of not only the environmental aspects or the technical aspects of the waste management hierarchy, but also incorporating economic, institutional, perceived risk and social issues in the context of complete life cycle of waste. Moreover, when to shift from one stage of hierarchy to another, is an involved decision warranting inclusion of several case specific issues. This paper presents a life cycle based multi-objective model that can help decision makers in integrated waste management. The proposed model has been applied to a case study of computer waste scenario in Delhi, India, which apart from having computer waste from its native population receives large quantities of imported second hand computers. The model has been used to evaluate management cost and reuse time span or life cycle of various streams of computer waste for different objectives of economy, perceived risk and environmental impact. The model results for different scenarios of waste generation have been analyzed to understand the tradeoffs between cost, perceived risk and environmental impact. The optimum life cycle of a computer desktop was observed to be shorter by 25% while optimizing cost than while optimizing impact to the environment or risk perceived by public. Proposed integrated approach can be useful for determining the optimum life cycle of computer waste, as well as optimum configuration of waste management facilities, for urban centers where computer waste related issues are of growing concern.", "publicationTitle": "Resources", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2007", "volume": "51", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "792-826", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0921-3449", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Cambridge Scientific Abstracts (ProQuest Deep Indexing: Environmental Sciences)", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Environmental impact", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Life cycle", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Waste management", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "baseline management activity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "capacities for facility options", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "conservation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "disposal facilities", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "disposal facility", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "distance between source nodes facilities", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "economics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "flow of waste", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "guidelines", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "hazardous materials", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "importance factors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "india delhi", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "india haryana", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "india uttar pradesh", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "india yamuna r", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "landfill facility", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "landfills", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "life cycle of waste", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "management options", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "material recycle", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "municipal solid waste", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "node type", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "plastic pelletization plant", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "plastic processing facility", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "prevention", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "processing facilities", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "product manufacture", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "proposed waste types", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "quantities in waste types", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "recovered cost", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "recycling", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "relative risk", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "relative time span of waste", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "reuse facilities", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "reuse facility", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "running costs for facility options", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "scenarios of waste generation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "similar management activities", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "source cum segregation sites", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "source nodes", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "stages of waste management hierarchy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "time lag", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "time step", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "unit cost of transportation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "waste disposal", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "waste disposal sites", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "waste type", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "waste types", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "weight wise fractions", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/9590/items/W38AA75E" }, "dateAdded": "2011-05-12T02:41:20Z", "dateModified": "2011-05-12T02:41:20Z" } } ]