@article{donze_patent_2022, title = {Patent {Management} and the {Globalization} of {Firms}: {The} {Case} of {Siemens} (1890–1945)}, volume = {28}, issn = {1751-1348, 1751-1348}, shorttitle = {Patent management and the globalization of firms}, url = {https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JMH-01-2021-0002/full/html}, doi = {10.1108/JMH-01-2021-0002}, abstract = {Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to discuss how multinational enterprises have historically managed global patenting and to what extent the localization of patent management has supported the expansion of these enterprises. This study focuses on the electric appliance industry (one of the first industries to see the emergence of global companies) and consider the case of Siemens, a German multinational company, comparing it to General Electric (GE), an American company. While GE transferred patent management to its foreign subsidiaries (a process known as localization), Siemens kept worldwide patent management at its headquarters – except in Japan, where in time it transferred this activity to a joint venture. The transfer of production called for localization of patent management while focusing on exporting to other markets made it possible to keep patent management at headquarters.}, language = {en}, number = {2}, urldate = {2022-03-21}, journal = {Journal of Management History}, author = {Donzé, Pierre-Yves and Nishimura, Shigehiro}, month = mar, year = {2022}, note = {Number: 2}, pages = {199--214}, }