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            "title": "Things Fall Apart: the British Health Crisis 2010–2020",
            "creators": [
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Lucinda",
                    "lastName": "Hiam"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Danny",
                    "lastName": "Dorling"
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                    "firstName": "Martin",
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            "abstractNote": "Abstract\n            \n              Background\n              A very large number of studies have reported a stalling of health improvements in the UK since 2010.\n            \n            \n              Sources of data\n              Almost all relevant data are produced by the Office for National Statistics and other national statistical agencies.\n            \n            \n              Areas of agreement\n              There has been a dramatic slowdown in life expectancy and diverging trends in infant mortality in the UK as a whole and England and Wales, respectively.\n            \n            \n              Areas of controversy\n              Many commentators are loath to describe the falls in life expectancy as actual falls or to ascribe blame to the political situation in the UK.\n            \n            \n              Growing points\n              Health trends in the UK are worrying and raise important questions about government policies.\n            \n            \n              Areas timely for developing research\n              These findings point to a need for greater investment in research on the political determinants of health, on the timely detection and interpretation of evidence of worsening health, and on how political and policy processes respond to such findings.",
            "publicationTitle": "British Medical Bulletin",
            "publisher": "",
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            "date": "2020-03-27",
            "volume": "",
            "issue": "",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "ldz041",
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            "seriesTitle": "",
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            "journalAbbreviation": "",
            "DOI": "10.1093/bmb/ldz041",
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            "url": "https://academic.oup.com/bmb/advance-article/doi/10.1093/bmb/ldz041/5812717",
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            "ISSN": "0007-1420, 1471-8391",
            "archive": "",
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            "shortTitle": "Things Fall Apart",
            "language": "en",
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            "dateAdded": "2023-04-14T13:41:32Z",
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            "key": "XCIQUJDK",
            "version": 5253,
            "itemType": "webpage",
            "title": "Exercise interventions for mental health: a quantitative and qualitative review",
            "creators": [
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "",
                    "lastName": "Centre for Reviews and Dissemination"
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            "abstractNote": "",
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            "websiteType": "Structured Abstract",
            "date": "",
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            "DOI": "",
            "citationKey": "",
            "url": "http://www.library.nhs.uk/MENTALHEALTH/ViewResource.aspx?resID=261652&tabID=289",
            "accessDate": "2009-02-02T17:40:10Z",
            "shortTitle": "Exercise interventions for mental health",
            "language": "",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "00000 \nAuthor's objectives To examine the efficacy of exercise treatments for depression and other affective mental disorders. Author's conclusions The meta-analysis of studies of individuals with depression yielded a very large effect size, showing that exercise can be a powerful intervention for clinical depression. Bibliographic detailsStathopoulou G, Powers M B, Berry A C, Smits J A, Otto M W. Exercise interventions for mental health: a quantitative and qualitative review. Science and Practice, 2006; 13(2): 179-193 StatusThis record is a structured abstract written by CRD reviewers. The original has met a set of quality criteria. CRD commentary The authors stated a reasonably clear review question although the severity of depression that was considered relevant was unclear. Some relevant sources were searched, but some studies might have been missed due to the exclusion of unpublished and non-English language studies. However, the authors did explore the potential impact of publication bias and assessed the risk as low. It is unclear what methods, if any, were used to reduce error and bias in the review processes and the quality of the included studies was not assessed. Statistical heterogeneity was not assessed, therefore it is unclear whether it was appropriate to pool the studies in a quantitative synthesis. The included studies appeared diverse in terms of the intervention, comparator and participants and the effect size varied considerably between studies; the overall effect size may therefore have limited generalisability and may not be reliable.",
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    {
        "key": "TTGZQR6R",
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            "creatorSummary": "Glaze",
            "parsedDate": "2001-06-17",
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            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Reflection as a transforming process: student advanced nurse practitioners' experiences of developing reflective skills as part of an MSc programme",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Jane E.",
                    "lastName": "Glaze"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Reflection as a transforming process: student advanced nurse practitioners' experiences of developing reflective skills as part of an MSc programme Aim of the study. The aim of this study was to explore student advanced nurse practitioners' (ANPs) experiences of reflection. Background. The implementation of a National Health Service (NHS) Executive initiative to develop a Master's Course in advanced nursing practice at Wolverhampton University provided the background to the study. The course was designed to enable experienced nurses to take on activities previously considered the province of physicians. The aim was to extend practice within a holistic nursing framework. Reflection was perceived as central to this process. A pre-entry degree level reflective practice module and a reflective component for the level 4 (Master's level) Practice Module were devised to enhance practitioners' reflective skills. Rationale. The rationale for the study was that it should explore student ANPs' perceptions of reflection following completion of these modules, to evaluate their experiences and inform curriculum development. Design/Methods. A qualitative methodology was used. The sample comprised 14 ANP students. Interviews and reflective learning contracts were used to collect the data. Colaizzi's (1978) seven-stage model guided data analysis. Findings. The findings indicated that all but one of the students described the development of their reflective skills positively. Changes are described in students' thinking and behaviour. Conclusions. The conclusions have implications for ANPs, for patient care, and for others seeking to develop the ANP role",
            "publicationTitle": "Journal of Advanced Nursing",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "June 17, 2001",
            "volume": "34",
            "issue": "5",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "639-647",
            "series": "",
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            "DOI": "doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.2001.01793.x",
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            "shortTitle": "",
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            "libraryCatalog": "",
            "callNumber": "0033",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "",
            "tags": [
                {
                    "tag": "LEARNING"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "NURSES"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "NURSING"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "STUDENTS"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "interviews"
                },
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                    "tag": "reflective practice"
                }
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            "creatorSummary": "Kirsch et al.",
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            "version": 5253,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Initial Severity and Antidepressant Benefits: A Meta-Analysis of Data Submitted to the Food and Drug Administration",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Irving",
                    "lastName": "Kirsch"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Brett J.",
                    "lastName": "Deacon"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Tania B.",
                    "lastName": "Huedo-Medina"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Alan",
                    "lastName": "Scoboria"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Thomas J.",
                    "lastName": "Moore"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Blair T.",
                    "lastName": "Johnson"
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            ],
            "abstractNote": "BackgroundMeta-analyses of antidepressant medications have reported only modest benefits over placebo treatment, and when unpublished trial data are included, the benefit falls below accepted criteria for clinical significance. Yet, the efficacy of the antidepressants may also depend on the severity of initial depression scores. The purpose of this analysis is to establish the relation of baseline severity and antidepressant efficacy using a relevant dataset of published and unpublished clinical trials.Methods and FindingsWe obtained data on all clinical trials submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the licensing of the four new-generation antidepressants for which full datasets were available. We then used meta-analytic techniques to assess linear and quadratic effects of initial severity on improvement scores for drug and placebo groups and on drug–placebo difference scores. Drug–placebo differences increased as a function of initial severity, rising from virtually no difference at moderate levels of initial depression to a relatively small difference for patients with very severe depression, reaching conventional criteria for clinical significance only for patients at the upper end of the very severely depressed category. Meta-regression analyses indicated that the relation of baseline severity and improvement was curvilinear in drug groups and showed a strong, negative linear component in placebo groups.ConclusionsDrug–placebo differences in antidepressant efficacy increase as a function of baseline severity, but are relatively small even for severely depressed patients. The relationship between initial severity and antidepressant efficacy is attributable to decreased responsiveness to placebo among very severely depressed patients, rather than to increased responsiveness to medication.",
            "publicationTitle": "PLoS Medicine",
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            "date": "February 1, 2008",
            "volume": "5",
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            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "e45 EP -",
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            "DOI": "10.1371/journal.pmed.0050045",
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            "shortTitle": "Initial Severity and Antidepressant Benefits",
            "language": "",
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        "data": {
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            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "The production of the psychiatric subject: power, knowledge and Michel Foucault",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Marc",
                    "lastName": "Roberts"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "The issue of power has become increasingly important within psychiatry, psychotherapy and mental health nursing generally. This paper will suggest that the work of Michel Foucault, the French philosopher and historian, has much to contribute to the discussion about the nature, existence and exercise of power within contemporary mental health care. As well as examining his original and challenging account of power, Foucault's emphasis on the intimate relationship between power and knowledge will be explored within the context of psychiatry and mental health nursing. This is to say that the paper will investigate Foucault's account of how power and knowledge are central to the process by which human beings are 'made subjects' and therefore how 'psychiatric identities' are produced. In doing so, it will be suggested that Foucault's work can not only make a valuable contribution to contemporary discussions about power and knowledge, but can also provide a significant critique and reconceptualization of the theoretical foundations and associated diagnostic and therapeutic practices of psychiatry and mental health nursing.",
            "publicationTitle": "Nursing Philosophy",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2005",
            "volume": "6",
            "issue": "1",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "33-42",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
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            "journalAbbreviation": "",
            "DOI": "10.1111/j.1466-769X.2004.00196.x",
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            "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-769X.2004.00196.x",
            "accessDate": "2010-05-05T20:12:47Z",
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            "shortTitle": "The production of the psychiatric subject",
            "language": "",
            "libraryCatalog": "Wiley InterScience",
            "callNumber": "0021",
            "rights": "",
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            "tags": [
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                    "tag": "Mental Health"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "NURSING"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Psychiatry"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Psychotherapy"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "power"
                }
            ],
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    {
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            },
            "creatorSummary": "Fitzgerald et al.",
            "parsedDate": "2005",
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        "data": {
            "key": "ZMG23Q35",
            "version": 5252,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Victimization of patients with schizophrenia and related disorders",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Paul B.",
                    "lastName": "Fitzgerald"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "A.R.",
                    "lastName": "de Castella"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "K.M.",
                    "lastName": "Filia"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "S.L.",
                    "lastName": "Filia"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "J.",
                    "lastName": "Benitez"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "J.",
                    "lastName": "Kulkarni"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Background: Previous research has predominately focused on patients with mental illness as the instigators, rather than the victims, of violence and criminal activity. However, patients with schizophrenia appear to experience a higher degree of victimization compared to general community samples. We aimed to establish the 1-month prevalence of violent and non-violent victimization in a sample of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and to investigate the determinants of victimization. Method: Reports of violent and non-violent victimization were recorded in 348 patients in Dandenong, an outer metropolitan suburb of Melbourne, Australia along with the subjective perception of patients as to their degree of protection from being robbed or attacked. Patients reporting victimization were compared with those who did not, across a range of clinical and psychosocial variables. Results: 11.2% of the sample reported being the victim of non-violent crime and 4.3% the victim of violent crime in the 1-month period. 23.2% reported dissatisfaction with their protection against being attacked or robbed. The major determinant of victimization was the lack of any meaningful daily activity. Conclusions: Patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders are at increased risk of victimization, both of the violent and non-violent type. Further research is required to understand the pathways through which victimization occurs and to understand whether psychosocial interventions can reduce victimization in this patient population",
            "publicationTitle": "Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2005",
            "volume": "39",
            "issue": "3",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "169-174",
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            "seriesTitle": "",
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            "journalAbbreviation": "",
            "DOI": "doi:10.1111/j.1440-1614.2005.01539.x",
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            "callNumber": "0018",
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            "abstractNote": "Data from the countries which social theorists had in mind when they elaborated the idea of a new age of employment insecurity do not support their theories. If the age of insecurity is dawning anywhere, it is in Spain, Mexico, Portugal, Turkey, Finland and Poland. It is not plausible that these examples inspired Beck, Giddens and Sennett. The causes of the different trends revealed by international comparison are more likely to be found in complex, multi-factoral explanations than in an age of insecure employment. The theorists became wedded to their diagnosis because of the problems they encountered in doing theory after the demise of Marxism and the post-modern turn made their critiques insecure. Their need for legitimation made their theorizing vulnerable to co-option in dystopian nightmares that served powerful interests.",
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            "date": "May 1987",
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            "abstractNote": "Examined changes in depression over the 1st wks of therapy in 34 patients taking part in a trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for depression. Within 2 wks of starting treatment, differences were apparent between CBT and comparison patients and, within CBT, some patients showed a rapid response to treatment. Such rapid responders had significantly better long-term outcome than those responding more slowly. Rapid responders more strongly endorsed the cognitive conceptualization of depression initially offered, reported a more positive response to initial homework assignments, and, prior to treatment, scored higher on a measure of depression about depression. Results support the importance of providing an acceptable rationale for treatment, followed by homework assignments that empirically validate the rationale offered. It is suggested that the process of change may be different in rapid and slow responders. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved)",
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            "abstractNote": "The aim of this study is to examine the stress experiences and coping abilities of student nurses. A survey design was employed to examine the stress experiences of Diploma student nurses in a large Dublin Teaching Hospital. A questionnaire was utilized that measured and explored five specific constructs pertinent to student nurse stress. These included clinical stress, academic stress, coping, emotions and personal factors which assist students nurses during periods of stress. Findings showed that examinations, the level and intensity of academic workload, the theory–practice gap and poor relationships with clinical staff were the leading stressors identified. Emotional reactions to stress included feeling exhausted and upset under pressure. Students adopted short-term emotion focused coping strategies when attempting to deal with stress. A sense of achievement, and determination, were personal factors, which assisted students to continue in the event of stress being present. Content analysis of the open questions shed further light in relation to the stress phenomenon, particularly in relation to clinical stress. The provision of adequate support services from a clinical and academic perspective, a lecture–practitioner model of education delivery, and curriculum changes which focus on developing student self awareness skills are the suggested study recommendations. Author Keywords: Student nurse stress; Clinical; Coping",
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            "title": "Men nurses: a historical and feminist perspective",
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            "abstractNote": "evans j. (2004) Journal of Advanced Nursing47(3), 321-328 Men nurses: a historical and feminist perspective Background. The history of nursing is almost exclusively a history of women's accomplishments despite the fact that, as early as the fourth and fifth centuries, men have worked as nurses. This perpetuates the notion of men nurses as anomalies. It also provides insight into the gendered nature of nursing and nurses' work within patriarchal culture. Aim. This paper examines the history of men in nursing in Canada, Britain and the United States of America, and offer insights into the ways in which gender relations and the ideological designation of nursing as women's work have excluded, limited and, conversely, advanced the careers of men nurses. Method. A search of the literature was carried out using CINAHL, PubMed and Sociological Abstracts databases. Search words included: male nurses, history, nursing, Canada, Britain, United Kingdom and USA. Discussion. Men's participation in nursing reveals that prevailing definitions of masculinity have acted as a powerful barrier to men crossing the gender divide and entering the profession. At extraordinary times such as war and acute nursing shortages, gender boundaries are negotiable. For those men who have crossed over into nursing, a gendered division of labour is evidenced by men nurses' long-standing association with mental health nursing and, more recently, with their disproportionate attainment of masculine-congruent leadership and specialty positions. Conclusion. Failure to recognize men's participation in nursing leaves men nurses with little information about their professional background and historical position. It also maintains the invisibility of gender relations that have shaped the experience of men and women nurses alike. Such relations, understood within their broader social context, remain poorly understood and hence uninterrupted, to the detriment of nurses and the profession of nursing.",
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            "shortTitle": "Men nurses",
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            "abstractNote": "esterhuizen p. (1996)��Journal of Advanced Nursing23, 25201331 esterhuizen p. (2006)��Journal of Advanced Nursing53(1), 1042013113 Is the professional code still the cornerstone of clinical working practice? Although codes of practice for those concerned with the health care of others have always been inherent in the structure of societies, they have been institutionalized within the nursing discipline since the end of the last century. Up until the early 1970s they promulgated subservience to the medical discipline. As a result of the processes of emancipation and professionalization, the philosophy of the nurse has come to contain concepts of autonomy, accountability and patient-advocacy, based on a personal and individualized care system. Research in recent years has shown that nurses are making morally sound and ethically acceptable choices based on their own decision-making abilities, whilst having little or no active knowledge of the existing professional codes. Based on the literature, the author discusses ethical codes in relation to their perception by nurses in the clinical situation. The influence of the code in the areas of moral decision-making, administration and management, and education are likewise discussed and the conclusion is reached that codes remain the cornerstone of nursing practice.",
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            "abstractNote": "Cognitive behavioral therapy is an emerging treatment being used to attenuate negative thoughts and emotions tied to the formation, expression, and maintenance of verbal auditory hallucinations. This paper describes the theoretical underpinnings for the intervention and a clinical application of a prototype cognitive nursing intervention for treating faulty thinking and beliefs linked with problematic voice hearing experiences. The paper ends with a review of current evidence and implications concerning the efficacy of cognitive intervention approaches with voice hearers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (from the journal abstract)",
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            "title": "Gender-specific effects of ecological conditions on college achievement",
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            "abstractNote": "This analysis combines results and models from prior analyses of ecological effects on educational outcomes to specify a comprehensive path model estimated separately for male and female respondents to the National Longitudinal Survey of Freshmen. We find that males are exposed to higher levels of violence and disorder than females, and that the gender gap in such exposure grows as the ecological concentration of minority group members increases. At the same time, however, ecological effects on academic performance appear to be stronger for females than males. In the rare cases where females are exposed to high levels of disorder and violence, the effects on college grades are quite large. Nonetheless, relatively few females experience high exposure to violence and social disorder, and, as a result, male grades are more influenced by the ecological disadvantage. Keywords: Segregation; Ecology; Neighborhood effects; Higher education; Gender",
            "publicationTitle": "Social Science Research",
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            "place": "",
            "date": "March 2008",
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            "creatorSummary": "Edwards et al.",
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            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Development of a virtual learning environment to enhance undergraduate nursing students' effectiveness and interest in working with older people",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Helen",
                    "lastName": "Edwards"
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                {
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Jennifer",
                    "lastName": "Abbey"
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            ],
            "abstractNote": "Summary Throughout the world populations are aging and there is a concomitant global need for increasing numbers of nurses who are skilled in working with older people. The aim of this study was to develop a web-based resource for use in nursing schools to help educate undergraduate nursing students about working effectively with older people. This paper details the process of developing the working with older people website, www.workingwitholderpeople.edu.au, which was launched at the end of 2006. The working with older people website was designed for use as a stand alone or self directed program and/or as a set of modules suitable for integration within individual undergraduate nursing programs. The resource is unique in its portrayal of older adults and the challenges they face in a way that is appealing to undergraduate students, and engages them in meaningful learning activities, based on authentic cases, while also providing comprehensive resources and links.",
            "publicationTitle": "Nurse Education Today",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "August 2008",
            "volume": "28",
            "issue": "6",
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            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "672-679",
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            "DOI": "10.1016/j.nedt.2007.11.009",
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                {
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                {
                    "tag": "Undergraduate nursing curricula",
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                    "tag": "older people",
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            "dateAdded": "2009-09-03T20:34:34Z",
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    },
    {
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            "creatorSummary": "Edwards et al.",
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            "version": 5252,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Parenting programme for parents of children at risk of developing conduct disorder: cost effectiveness analysis",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Rhiannon T",
                    "lastName": "Edwards"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Alan",
                    "lastName": "Ceilleachair"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Tracey",
                    "lastName": "Bywater"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Dyfrig A",
                    "lastName": "Hughes"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Judy",
                    "lastName": "Hutchings"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Objective To investigate the cost effectiveness of a parenting programme. Design An incremental cost effectiveness analysis alongside a pragmatic randomised controlled trial of the effectiveness of a group parenting programme delivered through Sure Start in the community. Setting Sure Start areas in north and mid Wales. Participants Parents of 116 children aged 36-59 months (87% of the clinical sample) at risk of developing conduct disorders defined by scoring over the clinical cut off on the Eyberg child behaviour inventory). Children were identified by health visitors and recruited by the research team. Intervention The Webster-Stratton Incredible Years basic parenting programme or a six month waiting list control. Main outcome measure Incremental cost per unit of improvement on the intensity score of the Eyberg child behaviour inventory. Results The bootstrapped incremental cost effectiveness ratio point estimate was {pound}73 ({euro}109, $142) per one point improvement on the intensity score (95% confidence interval {pound}42 to {pound}140). It would cost {pound}5486 ({euro}8190, $10 666) to bring the child with the highest intensity score to below the clinical cut-off point and {pound}1344 ({euro}2006, $2618) to bring the average child in the intervention group within the non-clinical limits on the intensity score (below 127). For a ceiling ratio of {pound}100 ({euro}149, $194) per point increase in intensity score, there is an 83.9% chance of the intervention being cost effective. The mean cost per child attending the parenting group was {pound}1934 ({euro}2887, $3760) for eight children and {pound}1289 ({euro}1924, $2506) for 12 children, including initial costs and materials for training group leaders. When we categorised the sample into relatively mild, moderate, and severe behaviour groups based on intensity scores at baseline the intervention seemed more cost effective in those with the highest risk of developing conduct disorder. Conclusion This parenting programme improves child behaviour as measured by the intensity score of the Eyberg child behaviour inventory at a relatively low cost and was cost effective compared with the waiting list control. This parenting programme involves modest costs and demonstrates strong clinical effect, suggesting it would represent good value for money for public spending.",
            "publicationTitle": "BMJ",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "March 31, 2007",
            "volume": "334",
            "issue": "7595",
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            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "682",
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            "DOI": "10.1136/bmj.39126.699421.55",
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            "shortTitle": "Parenting programme for parents of children at risk of developing conduct disorder",
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            "extra": "00161",
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            "dateAdded": "2009-09-03T20:34:34Z",
            "dateModified": "2017-05-16T08:28:22Z"
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