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            "creatorSummary": "Savoia et al.",
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        },
        "data": {
            "key": "G9RKFX7X",
            "version": 3288,
            "itemType": "book",
            "title": "On the \"Polar Star\" in the Arctic Sea",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Luigi Amedeo di",
                    "lastName": "Savoia"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Umberto",
                    "lastName": "Cagni"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Pietro Achille",
                    "lastName": "Cavalli Molinelli"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "contributor",
                    "name": "Robarts - University of Toronto"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "An Italian expedition of 1899-1900 that achieved the farthest north at that time.  The Duke ordered 120 dogs from Western Siberia from Alexander Trontheim. (p.21), plus they had 2 of Nansen’s dogs from the Fram. (p.40, Grasso p.214).  He describes the dogs at Archangel as “some were white, others black and white, black, brown, and iron-grey; some were lithe, others thick and heavy; their hair was thick and short, or long and curly; their noses were pointed or blunt.  They all had deep chests, strong legs, straight and pointed ears; their tails were long and bushy or fringed, like their hair, and were carried more or less curled up.  Some resembled large foxes, others were like wolves, the former barked, the latter howled.  The tallest were twenty-three inches in height.” (p.42-43). Trontheim had started from Tobolsk, in Eastern Siberia, and traveled over 1000 miles to Archangel (p.43-44).  The Duke quotes Baron Wrangell on the dogs of Eastern Siberia. (p.44-46), but claims only a small number of their dogs were of that type, the others being Samoyed dogs or crossings of different breeds, and purchased in the district of the Lower Obi (p.46), but that the superiority in sledging was from the dogs of the Eastern Siberia type (p.47, 199).   As in other expeditions, they have some trouble with the dogs killing each other (p.110, 198).  Some description of the harnessing of dogs is given with Nansen being described as using a fan hitch, as the Samoyeds do, but the Duke decides to use the tandem hitch, as the “Yakuts of the Lower Lena” do (p.112).  The harness is described as canvas collars with four strips of canvas attached, two passing between the front legs and two over the back, where they were joined to the trace. (p.188). A sled trip attempt at the north pole is made with 3 ‘detachments’ with the third detachment returning with seven dogs (p.269).  Some dogs are taken with them on the return, but it is unclear if this is the seven survivors of the sled expedition, plus eight other strong ones (four males, two females, two puppies), or if the ‘eight strong ones’ are the ones from the sled expedition plus one more (p.322).  In Commander Cagni’s description of the sled trip is the information on “Messicano”; “It is a small white dog, with thick hair and large, very intelligent eyes; it is so called on account of the abundance of hair which fringes its legs, resembling trousers which widen at the feet. Ever since our departure from Teplitz Bay, it has held the first place of the first sledge, because it followed the man at the head of the convoy better than the other, and followed him attentively from the outset, being most obedient to the word of command.”  And “Messicano gallops like a drosky horse, with its nose always down upon the snow.  Sometimes it loses the track, and then goes more slowly and turns around as if to ask the man’s help”. (p.497-498). And he describes the long-haired dogs as “as a rule, less wild and more docile than the others; but, on the other hand, they had less endurance.” (p.522).",
            "series": "",
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            "date": "1903",
            "publisher": "London : Hutchinson",
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            "numPages": "424",
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            "accessDate": "2014-03-31T21:39:49Z",
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            "language": "eng",
            "libraryCatalog": "Internet Archive",
            "callNumber": "AAE-2464",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "vol 1: http://archive.org/details/onpolarstarinarc01savouoft \nvol 2: http://archive.org/details/onpolarstarinarc00savo",
            "tags": [
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                    "tag": "Arctic"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Polar Star"
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            "title": "Nansen in the frozen world [microform] : preceded by a biography of the great explorer and copious extracts from Nansen's \"First crossing of Greenland,\" also an account by Eivind Astrup, of life among people near the pole, and his Journey across northern Greenland with Lieut. R.E. Perry, U.S.N. \"Followed by a brief history of the principal earlier Arctic explorations ... by John E. Read, assistant editor of the \"Columbian Cyclopedia.\"",
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            ],
            "abstractNote": "This compilation of information does not add anything new with regards to Nansen’s activities.  However, an interesting segment from Astrup on his trip with Peary does have some mention of dogs in Greenland.  Chapter 23, pgs 395-405, is entitled “the North Greenland Dog”.  These dogs are described as of different colors, but “Dogs that are entirely white are also found in considerable numbers” (p.395-396).  In another chapter on the customs of the Eskimo, they are described as being ‘careful to protect the feet of their dogs from injury by the hard and sharp ice that forms upon the surface of the snow in spring. For this purpose they make socks of seal-skin, which are tied to the legs of the dogs below the lowest joint, and which prove very efficient.” (p.431-432).",
            "series": "",
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            "url": "http://archive.org/details/cihm_61702",
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        "data": {
            "key": "S6SU2FIA",
            "version": 3286,
            "itemType": "book",
            "title": "The \"Fram\" expedition. Nansen in the frozen world. Preceded by a biography of the great explorer and copious extracts from Nansen's \"First crossing of Greenland,\" also an account by Eivind Astrup, of life among people near the Pole, and his journey across northern Greenland with Lieut. R. E. Peary, U.S.N",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "S. L.",
                    "lastName": "Berens"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Eivind",
                    "lastName": "Astrup"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "John Elliot",
                    "lastName": "Read"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "contributor",
                    "name": "University of California Libraries"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "This compilation of information does not add anything new with regards to Nansen’s activities.  However, an interesting segment from Astrup on his trip with Peary does have some mention of dogs in Greenland.  Chapter 23, pgs 395-405, is entitled “the North Greenland Dog”.  These dogs are described as of different colors, but “Dogs that are entirely white are also found in considerable numbers” (p.395-396).  In another chapter on the customs of the Eskimo, they are described as being ‘careful to protect the feet of their dogs from injury by the hard and sharp ice that forms upon the surface of the snow in spring. For this purpose they make socks of seal-skin, which are tied to the legs of the dogs below the lowest joint, and which prove very efficient.” (p.431-432).",
            "series": "",
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            "date": "1897",
            "publisher": "A.J. Holman & co.",
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            "numPages": "582",
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            "url": "http://archive.org/details/framexpeditionna00bere",
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            "libraryCatalog": "Internet Archive",
            "callNumber": "SRLF_UCLA:LAGE-579961",
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        "version": 3285,
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            "creatorSummary": "Nicholas",
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            "version": 3285,
            "itemType": "book",
            "title": "The Samoyed",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Anna Katherine",
                    "lastName": "Nicholas"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "A mention of \"Etah\" on page 22, in a paragraph about the Princess de Montyglyon states \"A dog named Etah joined the Princess's Samoyeds in 1913, again a gift to her, this one from a member of the Amundsen Expedition, where it had been a lead dog\".  No references are cited as to the source of this information.",
            "series": "",
            "seriesNumber": "",
            "volume": "",
            "numberOfVolumes": "",
            "edition": "",
            "date": "1990",
            "publisher": "T.F.H. Publications",
            "place": "Neptune City, NJ",
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            "url": "http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/21016225",
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            "tags": [
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                    "tag": "Etah"
                }
            ],
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            "dateAdded": "2014-04-29T16:16:42Z",
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            "creatorSummary": "Keyte-Perry",
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            "version": 3284,
            "itemType": "book",
            "title": "The Samoyed: survey from ancient history to the present day",
            "creators": [
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Marion ",
                    "lastName": "Keyte-Perry"
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            ],
            "abstractNote": "Includes chapters on the early history of the breed with some references to early accounts and voyages.  Also has genealogical tables and information about early imports of the dogs.",
            "series": "",
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            "date": "1963",
            "publisher": "Miss M. Keyte-Perry",
            "place": "Surry, England",
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            "numPages": "82",
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            "url": "http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/30231395",
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            "creatorSummary": "Osborn",
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            "version": 3283,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "The legend of Etah",
            "creators": [
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Jim",
                    "lastName": "Osborn"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Refutes the claim that a Samoyed named \"Etah\" was on Roald Amundsen's South Pole trip. The magazine cover says Winter 2006 but the internal running heads say Fall 2005",
            "publicationTitle": "Samoyed Club of America Bulletin",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2006",
            "volume": "",
            "issue": "Winter",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "14 – 15",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
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            "citationKey": "",
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            "tags": [
                {
                    "tag": "Etah"
                }
            ],
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            "dateAdded": "2014-04-25T14:56:46Z",
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            },
            "creatorSummary": "Amundsen",
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            "itemType": "book",
            "title": "Roald Amundsen: my life as an explorer",
            "creators": [
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                    "firstName": "Roald",
                    "lastName": "Amundsen"
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            ],
            "abstractNote": "No new information other than a description of the voyage of the Maud (but no good information about the dogs).  Amundsen’s health mishaps are described, with “Jacob”, the watchdog of the Maud playing a role in two of them, a broken shoulder and an encounter with a bear (p.85-87).  The fact that “Jacob” is a Samoyed is related in a NY Times article from Jan 14, 1927. p. 14 “AMUNDSEN RELATES THRILL OF POLE TRIP; Explorer Tells the Rotarians of Brush With Bear While Strolling on the Ice. RACE FOR THE SHIP IS A TIE And Dog Averts Abrupt Ending of 1919 Expedition -- 500 Dine at Waldorf on Reindeer Meat.” \nexcerpt below:915415",
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            "date": "1927",
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            "shortTitle": "Roald Amundsen",
            "language": "English",
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            "tags": [
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                    "tag": "Amundsen"
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                {
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                },
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                },
                {
                    "tag": "Gjoa"
                },
                {
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                }
            ],
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        "version": 3280,
        "library": {
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            "creatorSummary": "Hanssen",
            "parsedDate": "1936",
            "numChildren": 0
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        "data": {
            "key": "4SIK9J6P",
            "version": 3280,
            "itemType": "book",
            "title": "Voyages of a modern viking",
            "creators": [
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Helmer Julius",
                    "lastName": "Hanssen"
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            ],
            "abstractNote": "This is the autobiography of a man who accompanied Amundsen on all three of his major sledging and ship voyages.  He also was on a trip in 1896-97 to Novaya Zemlya with a man he calls Mr. Henry Parsons (perhaps really Pearson) (p.5).  Regarding the Gjoa voyage through the Northwest Passage, he states that in Christiania they took on Sverdrup’s old dog team of 4 males and 2 bitches (p.11), but does not say what kind of dogs these are.    They also got four dogs from a man named Ericson in Greenland (p.14).  Hanssen prefers Eskimo dogs to other types (p.70).  Regarding the Fram voyage to the South Pole, he state that in Kristiansund they took on 100 dogs “who had been sent to us from Greenland” (p.87).  He also mentions the hard life of a sled dog. “For us humans driving to the South Pole regions was just like play, but it was no fun for the dogs.  They had to be driven hard and whipped if we were ever to get there in fact.  If there is any truth in the doctrine of transmigration of souls I sincerely hope my next incarnation will not take the form of a dog on a Polar expedition.” (p.105). He also mentions trying to arrange it so that Amundsen himself was the first to set foot on the pole (p.106), although the calculations were off the first day and it was Olav Bjaaland at the lead when the pole was reached.   11 of the 52 dogs on the pole trip survive (p.113).  He says 24 dogs are later given to Mawson (p.116) (Amundsen said 21).  In the section on the Maud trip through the Northeast Passage, 25 dogs are taken on board at Dickson Island, and he says they “prove to be excellent animals” (p.128).  “Jacob” is mentioned as saving Amundsen’s life (p.130).  During this trip, Hanssen and Wisting make a long sled voyage to try to send a telegraph.  During this time the dogs feet cause many problems (p.155, 193), and he describes making booties for them (p.193).  Dogs mentioned by name on this trip are “Riks” “Naja”, and “Marie”.",
            "series": "",
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            "date": "1936",
            "publisher": "G. Routledge & Sons",
            "place": "London",
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            "citationKey": "",
            "url": "http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/8991508",
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            "language": "English",
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            "tags": [
                {
                    "tag": "Amundsen"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Antarctica"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Arctic"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Fram"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Gjoa"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Maud"
                }
            ],
            "collections": [],
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            "dateAdded": "2014-03-31T22:07:26Z",
            "dateModified": "2014-04-29T18:46:05Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "ENZK3QWA",
        "version": 3277,
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            "creatorSummary": "Amundsen and Huntford",
            "parsedDate": "1987",
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        "data": {
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            "version": 3277,
            "itemType": "book",
            "title": "The Amundsen photographs",
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                    "firstName": "Roald",
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Roland",
                    "lastName": "Huntford"
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            ],
            "abstractNote": "A compilation of photographs and information about Amundsen’s expeditions.  Very well done with some great photographs.  Some information on the NW Passage expedition using the Gjoa with 10 Greenland dogs (p.14).  On the South Pole trip in the Fram - he is mentioned as getting 100 huskies from Greenland (p.42). Five men assault the pole, with Helmer Hanssen as the usual leading dog driver. (p.43). he starts with 54 dogs (p. 43) and 4 sleds. Dogs are killed and sled loads combined so that 3 sleds arrive at the pole (driven by Helmer Hanssen in the lead, the Bjaaland and Wisting). (p.44). 16 dogs and two sleds start back and covered between 20 and 30 miles a day (p.44).  The dogs are delivered to Kristainsand (on the south coast of Norway) (p.50).  Dogs mentioned in this book (quotes from Amundsen) are: Kamilla, Kaisa, Isak, Maren, Tinka, Fix, Lasse, Mikkel, the Fox, Else, Masmas, Major, Colonel, Scalp, Pimp, Lussi, Kareius, The Sheep, The Major.  On the NE Passage trip in the Maud he did use dogs (p.148) but no mention of where these dogs came from.  Contains a great picture of very Samoyed looking dogs (p.154), leaving the Maud on 20th October 19 with Helmer Hanssen, Wisting and Olonkin.",
            "series": "",
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            "date": "1987",
            "publisher": "Atlantic Monthly Press",
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                    "tag": "Amundsen"
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                {
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                },
                {
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                },
                {
                    "tag": "Fram"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Maud"
                }
            ],
            "collections": [],
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            "dateAdded": "2014-03-31T22:26:31Z",
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    {
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            "parsedDate": "1927-01-14",
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        "data": {
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            "itemType": "newspaperArticle",
            "title": "Amundsen relates thrill of Pole trip",
            "creators": [],
            "abstractNote": "",
            "publicationTitle": "New York Times",
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            "date": "1927, Jan 14",
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                    "tag": "Amundsen"
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            "dateAdded": "2014-04-25T14:49:34Z",
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    {
        "key": "7H23882E",
        "version": 3275,
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            "creatorSummary": "Gabb",
            "numChildren": 0
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "7H23882E",
            "version": 3275,
            "itemType": "webpage",
            "title": "The Myths and The Mystique Surrounding Early Samoyeds and Their Owners",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Helen",
                    "lastName": "Gabb"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Reprinted from Sleigh Courier June 2002, Sept 2002 by kind permission of the author, Helen Gabb, Sever Samoyeds.  Includes information about Antarctic Buck from Ivy Kilburn-MOrris (Ernest's daughter). Repeats previous information about Etah and adds information about the confusion as to whether Etah is male or female.",
            "websiteTitle": "The Samoyed Club Incorporated, New Zealand",
            "websiteType": "",
            "date": "",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "DOI": "",
            "citationKey": "",
            "url": "http://thesamoyedclub.org.nz/i6/i6-5r.htm",
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            "tags": [
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        "key": "I734FDHD",
        "version": 3274,
        "library": {
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            "id": 44340,
            "name": "History of the Samoyed Dog",
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            "creatorSummary": "Bowers",
            "parsedDate": "1955",
            "numChildren": 0
        },
        "data": {
            "key": "I734FDHD",
            "version": 3274,
            "itemType": "webpage",
            "title": "BONAVITA, Captain Jack",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Q. David",
                    "lastName": "Bowers"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "A short biography of Mercy d’Argenteau’s second husband, an animal trainer.  This is also published as a book:  Bowers, Q. D., Library of Congress., & Thanhouser Company Film Preservation, Inc. (2000). Thanhouser films: An encyclopedia and history, 1909 to 1918. Portland, Or: Thanhouser Co. Film Preservation.",
            "websiteTitle": "Thanhouser Films: An Encyclopedia and History. Vol.3 Biographies",
            "websiteType": "",
            "date": "1955",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "DOI": "",
            "citationKey": "",
            "url": "http://www.thanhouser.org/tcocd/Biography_Files/l96bjj.htm",
            "accessDate": "",
            "shortTitle": "",
            "language": "",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "",
            "tags": [
                {
                    "tag": "Etah"
                }
            ],
            "collections": [],
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            "dateAdded": "2014-04-29T16:39:06Z",
            "dateModified": "2014-04-29T16:39:06Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "7SKTWXQ8",
        "version": 3270,
        "library": {
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            "id": 44340,
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            },
            "creatorSummary": "Amundsen",
            "parsedDate": "1912",
            "numChildren": 4
        },
        "data": {
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            "version": 3270,
            "itemType": "book",
            "title": "The South Pole : an account of the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition in the \"Fram\", 1910-12",
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Roald",
                    "lastName": "Amundsen"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "contributor",
                    "name": "Robarts - University of Toronto"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Amundsen's account of the South Pole journey.  Dogs are mentioned as coming from Greenland (vol 1, p. 56 and p. 100).  They used the \"Alaska Eskimo\" pattern for dog harnesses and drove the dogs in tandem (vol.1 p.86). \"In tandem\" meant all dogs in a fan hitch, not two by two. Oscar Wisting  was the primary dog caretaker (vol 1, p. 101-102).  Dog care is explained the section on “arrangements for the dogs” that also contains the quote “There can hardly be an animal that is capable of expressing its feelings to the same extent as the dog. Joy, sorrow, gratitude, scruples of conscience, are all reflected as plainly as could be desired in his behavior , and above all in his eyes.” (vol. 1, p. 110).  On the trip to the pole there were 5 men, with four sleds and 13 dogs to each sled, so 52 total dogs (vol.2, p.1-2).  As they left the pole they had 16 dogs divided between 2 sleds.  They arrived back at the Fram with 11 dogs (vol. 2, p. 173). They had 39 dogs at the end of the trip, 11 of which had been to the South Pole and gave 21 to the Mawson expedition (vol. 2, p. 181 and p. 352). The boat then sailed for Buenos Aires with 18 dogs (vol.2 p. 352) puppies are born which 2 are allowed to live, so 20 dogs. Further disposition of the dogs is not described. Dog who definitely were on the South Pole trip and returned are: Suggen, Arne, Colonel, Mylius, Ring (vol.2, p.182).  Other dogs mentioned by name include Bjorn, Bone, Brun, Camilla, Else, Fix, Frighjof, Fuchs, Funcho, Gorki, Hai, Hans, Helge, Hok, Jaala, Jakob, Jens, Jeppe, Karenius, Knaegten, Kvaen, Lap, Lassesen, Lucy, Lurven, Madeiro, Major, Mas-Mas, ,Mikkel, Neptune, Nigger, Odin, Ola, Pan, Peary, Per, Puss, Rap, Rasmus, Ravn, Rex, Rotta, Sara, Sauen, Schwartz, Snuppesen, Svarten, Svartflekken, Thor, Togo, Tom, Ulrik, Uranus, Uroa, Vulcan, Zanko.",
            "series": "",
            "seriesNumber": "",
            "volume": "",
            "numberOfVolumes": "2",
            "edition": "",
            "date": "1912",
            "publisher": "London : Murray",
            "place": "",
            "originalDate": "",
            "originalPublisher": "",
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            "format": "",
            "numPages": "",
            "ISBN": "",
            "DOI": "",
            "citationKey": "",
            "url": "http://archive.org/details/southpoleaccount01amunuoft",
            "accessDate": "2014-04-01T17:17:52Z",
            "ISSN": "",
            "archive": "",
            "archiveLocation": "",
            "shortTitle": "The South Pole",
            "language": "eng",
            "libraryCatalog": "Internet Archive",
            "callNumber": "AFE-3590",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "vol 2: http://archive.org/details/southpoleaccount02amunuoft",
            "tags": [
                {
                    "tag": "Amundsen"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Antarctica"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Etah"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Fram"
                }
            ],
            "collections": [],
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            "dateAdded": "2014-04-01T17:17:52Z",
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        }
    },
    {
        "key": "2IQCDW6A",
        "version": 3269,
        "library": {
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            "name": "History of the Samoyed Dog",
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        "data": {
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            "version": 3269,
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            "title": "The complete Samoyed",
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                    "firstName": "Robert H",
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Dolly",
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            ],
            "abstractNote": "History and breeding of the Samoyed.",
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            "tags": [
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                    "firstName": "John King",
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            "abstractNote": "This is the biography of the captain of Aurora on Mawson’s 1911-1914 voyage.  He was also present on the Nimrod (Shackleton’s first voyage), and participated in the rescue of the Ross Island party on Shackleton’s second voyage.  The only dog information concerns Mawson’s voyage where “forty Greenland dogs” are taken to Antarctica (p.157) and at least forty-five arrive (p.166).  Also, the fact that Amundsen gave twenty-one dogs to this expedition after he was done is noted (p.206).",
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