To provide researchers with an accurate method for rating and comparing injuries received in automotive crashes and, at the same time, to standardize language used to describe the injuries, the AMA Committee on Medical Aspects of Automotive Safety is developing a comprehensive rating system for tissue damage. This system, designed primarily for physicians and other researchers who investigate automotive crash injuries, has potential use in many types of research, including that related to ambulance care, hospital emergency rooms, and utilization studies.
Information about the system is being published to interest physicians in accident investigation, and to inform them of the value of medical data obtainable from such investigation. For instance, development of the collapsible steering shaft, which has resulted in a saving of hundreds of lives, came about because investigation revealed a large number of chest injuries among injured and dead crash victims each year. This is not a plea
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"https://www.zotero.org/groups/accidentes_de_trafico", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/438898/items/XV6EM8NG", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/accidentes_de_trafico/items/XV6EM8NG", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2797135, "username": "Arquiloco", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/arquiloco", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Noland and Quddus", "parsedDate": "2005", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "XV6EM8NG", "version": 22, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Congestion and safety: A spatial analysis of London", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert B.", "lastName": "Noland" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mohammed A.", "lastName": "Quddus" } ], "abstractNote": "A disaggregate spatial analysis, using enumeration district data for London was conducted with the aim of examining how congestion may affect traffic safety. It has been hypothesized that while congested traffic conditions may increase the number of vehicle crashes and interactions, their severity is normally lower than crashes under uncongested free flowing conditions. This is primarily due to the slower speeds of vehicles when congestion is present. Our analysis uses negative binomial count models to examine whether factors affecting casualties (fatalities, serious injuries and slight injuries) differed during congested time periods as opposed to uncongested time periods. We also controlled for congestion spatially using a number of proxy variables and estimated pedestrian casualty models since a large proportion of London casualties are pedestrians. Results are not conclusive. Our results suggest that road infrastructure effects may interact with congestion levels such that in London any spatial differences are largely mitigated. Some small differences are seen between the models for congested versus uncongested time periods, but no conclusive trends can be found. Our results lead us to suspect that congestion as a mitigator of crash severity is less likely to occur in urban conditions, but may still be a factor on higher speed roads and motorways.", "publicationTitle": "Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Agosto 2005", "volume": "39", "issue": "7–9", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "737-754", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice", "DOI": "10.1016/j.tra.2005.02.022", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0965856405000467", "accessDate": "2015-12-03T10:05:39Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0965-8564", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Congestion and safety", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "GIS", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Negative binomial model", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Pedestrian safety", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Traffic safety", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-12-03T10:05:39Z", "dateModified": "2015-12-03T10:05:39Z" } }, { "key": "BF9JGQD7", "version": 21, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 438898, "name": "Accidentes de trafico", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/accidentes_de_trafico", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/438898/items/BF9JGQD7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/accidentes_de_trafico/items/BF9JGQD7", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/438898/items/XV6EM8NG", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2797135, "username": "Arquiloco", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/arquiloco", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "BF9JGQD7", "version": 21, "parentItem": "XV6EM8NG", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "ScienceDirect Snapshot", "accessDate": "2015-12-03T10:05:39Z", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0965856405000467", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-12-03T10:05:39Z", "dateModified": "2015-12-03T10:05:39Z" } }, { "key": "87NQBB8W", "version": 20, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 438898, "name": "Accidentes de trafico", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/accidentes_de_trafico", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/438898/items/87NQBB8W", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/accidentes_de_trafico/items/87NQBB8W", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2239355, "username": "anazoni", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/anazoni", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 2797135, "username": "Arquiloco", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/arquiloco", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Perez et al.", "parsedDate": "2004", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "87NQBB8W", "version": 20, "itemType": "report", "title": "[Study of road traffic accidents mortality at 30 days in Spain (EMAT-30)]", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Catherine", "lastName": "Perez" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Eva", "lastName": "Cirera" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Antoni", "lastName": "Plasencia" } ], "abstractNote": "", "reportNumber": "", "reportType": "", "institution": "Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs", "place": "Madrid", "date": "2004", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.msssi.gob.es/ciudadanos/accidentes/docs/morAccTrafico.pdf", "accessDate": "2015-11-30T14:04:27Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "spa", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "JTDDM7Q3" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-12-01T10:02:01Z", "dateModified": "2015-12-03T09:34:30Z" } }, { "key": "9SR8AWB4", "version": 17, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 438898, "name": "Accidentes de trafico", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/accidentes_de_trafico", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/438898/items/9SR8AWB4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/accidentes_de_trafico/items/9SR8AWB4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2239355, "username": "anazoni", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/anazoni", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 2797135, "username": "Arquiloco", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/arquiloco", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Pérez et al.", "parsedDate": "2006-04", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "9SR8AWB4", "version": 17, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "[Motor vehicle crash fatalities at 30 days in Spain]", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Catherine", "lastName": "Pérez" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Eva", "lastName": "Cirera" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Carme", "lastName": "Borrell" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Antoni", "lastName": "Plasencia" } ], "abstractNote": "OBJECTIVES: To assess level of fulfillment and utility of the hospital discharge register (HDR) as a complementary source of information for estimating the number of deaths at 30 days due to motor vehicle crashes in Spain.\nMETHODS: It is a cross-sectional study were we compared the number of people injured due to motor vehicle crashes hospitalised in a public hospital (HDR), in Spain during 2001, with the number of people severely injured or killed due to motor vehicle crashes reported by the police database (Dirección General de Tráfico, DGT) for the same year. A descriptive analysis was carried out by age, sex and region (Autonomous Community), as well as an estimation of the percentage of under-reporting of deaths by the DGT based on two assumptions.\nRESULTS: Police reported 27,272 severe injuries and 4,811 deaths during first 24 hours after the crash and after applying a fatality adjustment factor estimated 706 more deaths up to 30 days after the crash. The HDR reported 40,174 urgent hospitalisations. Of these, 1,099 died during the day of hospitalisation or within the following 30 days. The police only notified 68% of all cases that required hospitalisation. According to the number of deaths reported by police and contrasted with hospital register, estimations of the number of deaths at 30 days made by police could represent a level of under-reporting of between 3% and 6.6%, depending on the assumption considered.\nCONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the HDR is an information source that complements police statistics and is useful to estimate the number of deaths and non-fatal injuries due to motor vehicle crashes in Spain.", "publicationTitle": "Gaceta Sanitaria / S.E.S.P.A.S", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2006 Mar-Apr", "volume": "20", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "108-115", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Gac Sanit", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0213-9111", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "spa", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 16753087", "tags": [ { "tag": "Accidents, Traffic", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adolescent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cross-Sectional Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Hospital Records", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Patient Discharge", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Spain", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Time Factors", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "JTDDM7Q3" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-12-01T10:02:01Z", "dateModified": "2015-12-03T09:30:52Z" } }, { "key": "TQKICPDB", "version": 16, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 438898, "name": "Accidentes de trafico", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/accidentes_de_trafico", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/438898/items/TQKICPDB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/accidentes_de_trafico/items/TQKICPDB", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/438898/items/N33UMM8S", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2797135, "username": "Arquiloco", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/arquiloco", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "TQKICPDB", "version": 16, "parentItem": "N33UMM8S", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2015-12-01T14:38:54Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16713788", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-12-01T14:38:54Z", "dateModified": "2015-12-01T14:38:54Z" } }, { "key": "N33UMM8S", "version": 16, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 438898, "name": "Accidentes de trafico", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/accidentes_de_trafico", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/438898/items/N33UMM8S", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/accidentes_de_trafico/items/N33UMM8S", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2797135, "username": "Arquiloco", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/arquiloco", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Coben", "parsedDate": "2006-06", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "N33UMM8S", "version": 16, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) notes. Contrasting rural and urban fatal crashes 1994-2003", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jeffrey H.", "lastName": "Coben" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Annals of Emergency Medicine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Jun 2006", "volume": "47", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "574-575; discussion 575-577", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Ann Emerg Med", "DOI": "10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.03.023", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1097-6760", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 16713788", "tags": [ { "tag": "Accidents, Traffic", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Alcohol Drinking", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Databases, Factual", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Emergency Medical Services", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Population Surveillance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Rural Population", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Survival Analysis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "United States", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Urban Population", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "JTDDM7Q3" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-12-01T14:38:54Z", "dateModified": "2015-12-01T14:38:54Z" } }, { "key": "3DT44MUH", "version": 15, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 438898, "name": "Accidentes de trafico", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/accidentes_de_trafico", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/438898/items/3DT44MUH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/accidentes_de_trafico/items/3DT44MUH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2797135, "username": "Arquiloco", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/arquiloco", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Madrid Regional Transport Consortium", "parsedDate": "2005", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "3DT44MUH", "version": 15, "itemType": "document", "title": "Encuesta domiciliaria de movilidad de 2004 en la Comunidad de Madrid. Documento de síntesis.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "name": "Madrid Regional Transport Consortium" } ], "abstractNote": "", "type": "", "date": "2005", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://prueba.crtm.es/media/157705/edm_2004.pdf", "accessDate": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "JTDDM7Q3" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-12-01T14:02:09Z", "dateModified": "2015-12-01T14:13:49Z" } }, { "key": "R9XMJU7T", "version": 10, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 438898, "name": "Accidentes de trafico", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/accidentes_de_trafico", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/438898/items/R9XMJU7T", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/accidentes_de_trafico/items/R9XMJU7T", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/438898/items/76RJ5EXX", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2797135, "username": "Arquiloco", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/arquiloco", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "R9XMJU7T", "version": 10, "parentItem": "76RJ5EXX", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2015-12-01T13:50:04Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8703274", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-12-01T13:50:04Z", "dateModified": "2015-12-01T13:50:04Z" } } ]