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Mouse parthenogenetic embryos die by day 10 of gestation. Bi-parental reproduction is necessary because of parent-specific epigenetic modification of the genome during gametogenesis. This leads to unequal expression of imprinted genes from the maternal and paternal alleles. However, there is no direct evidence that genomic imprinting is the only barrier to parthenogenetic development. Here we show the development of a viable parthenogenetic mouse individual from a reconstructed oocyte containing two haploid sets of maternal genome, derived from non-growing and fully grown oocytes. This development was made possible by the appropriate expression of the Igf2 and H19 genes with other imprinted genes, using mutant mice with a 13-kilobase deletion in the H19 gene as non-growing oocytes donors. This full-term development is associated with a marked reduction in aberrantly expressed genes. The parthenote developed to adulthood with the ability to reproduce offspring. These results suggest that paternal imprinting prevents parthenogenesis, ensuring that the paternal contribution is obligatory for the descendant.", "publicationTitle": "Nature", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "April 22, 2004", "volume": "428", "issue": "6985", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "860-864", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Nature", "DOI": "10.1038/nature02402", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v428/n6985/abs/nature02402.html", "accessDate": "2015-11-12T04:13:05Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0028-0836", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.nature.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "© 2004 Nature Publishing Group", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-12T04:13:05Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-12T04:13:05Z" } }, { "key": "NG9UVGDW", "version": 4, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 429037, "name": "ALS 437 - Group 2", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/als_437_-_group_2", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/429037/items/NG9UVGDW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/als_437_-_group_2/items/NG9UVGDW", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2038579, "username": "jmarantidis", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jmarantidis", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "NG9UVGDW", "version": 4, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Evolutionary Aspects of Annelid Regeneration - eLS - Martinez-Acosta - Wiley Online Library", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9780470015902.a0022103.pub2/full", "accessDate": "2015-11-12T03:35:54Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-12T03:35:54Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-12T03:35:54Z" } }, { "key": "5VQTEI3A", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 429037, "name": "ALS 437 - Group 2", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/als_437_-_group_2", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/429037/items/5VQTEI3A", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/als_437_-_group_2/items/5VQTEI3A", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/429037/items/HB8MRNXW", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2038579, "username": "jmarantidis", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jmarantidis", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "5VQTEI3A", "version": 3, "parentItem": "HB8MRNXW", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2015-11-12T03:24:55Z", "url": "http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-do-jellyfish-reproduc/", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-12T03:24:55Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-12T03:24:55Z" } }, { "key": "HB8MRNXW", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 429037, "name": "ALS 437 - Group 2", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/als_437_-_group_2", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/429037/items/HB8MRNXW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/als_437_-_group_2/items/HB8MRNXW", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2038579, "username": "jmarantidis", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jmarantidis", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "HB8MRNXW", "version": 3, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "How do jellyfish reproduce? What effect does their sting have on humans? What's the difference between red and translucent jellyfish?", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-do-jellyfish-reproduc/", "accessDate": "2015-11-12T03:24:55Z", "shortTitle": "How do jellyfish reproduce?", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-12T03:24:55Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-12T03:24:55Z" } }, { "key": "57T2WT29", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 429037, "name": "ALS 437 - Group 2", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/als_437_-_group_2", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/429037/items/57T2WT29", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/als_437_-_group_2/items/57T2WT29", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/429037/items/ARZVC2J6", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2038579, "username": "jmarantidis", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jmarantidis", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "57T2WT29", "version": 2, "parentItem": "ARZVC2J6", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Jstage - Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2015-11-12T03:11:24Z", "url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/pbr/5/3/5_3_98/_pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-12T03:11:24Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-12T03:11:24Z" } }, { "key": "ARZVC2J6", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 429037, "name": "ALS 437 - Group 2", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/als_437_-_group_2", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/429037/items/ARZVC2J6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/als_437_-_group_2/items/ARZVC2J6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2038579, "username": "jmarantidis", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jmarantidis", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Han and Uye", "parsedDate": "2010", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "ARZVC2J6", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Combined effects of food supply and temperature on asexual reproduction and somatic growth of polyps of the common jellyfish Aurelia aurita s.l.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Chang-Hoon", "lastName": "Han" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Shin-ichi", "lastName": "Uye" } ], "abstractNote": "The polyp stage is an important part of the Aurelia aurita s.l. life cycle, because polyp clones are able to increase their population size by budding, providing the opportunity to increase the medusa population by the production of many ephyrae through strobilation. We investigated asexual reproduction of A. aurita polyps on an individual basis at 4 different temperatures (i.e. 18, 22, 26 and 28°C) and at 5 different food levels (i.e. 1.7, 3.3, 6.6, 10 and 13.3 μg C polyp−1 d−1) in the laboratory. Three types of asexual reproduction were observed: polyps directly budded from the parent stalk (DBP), polyps budded from the parent pedal stolon (SBP), and podocysts (PC). DBP was the major reproductive method (94% of the total) and SBP and PC accounted for only 5 and 1%, respectively. PC were produced by the polyps kept under low food supply (≤3.3 μg C polyp−1 d−1) and high temperature (≥26°C). Production of new polyps by DBP and SBP significantly increased with increasing food and temperature. The somatic growth of parent polyps significantly increased with more food and cooler temperatures. We conclude that both increases in water temperature through global warming and increases in abundances of zooplankton prey because of eutrophication may be responsible for the prominent blooms of A. aurita medusae in East Asian coastal waters in recent times.", "publicationTitle": "Plankton and Benthos Research", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2010", "volume": "5", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "98-105", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.3800/pbr.5.98", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "J-Stage", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Aurelia aurita", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "bloom", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "eutrophication", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "global warming", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "polyp", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-12T03:11:24Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-12T03:11:24Z" } } ]