[ { "key": "487B7XJ2", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 422408, "name": "gran futbol", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gran_futbol", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/422408/items/487B7XJ2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gran_futbol/items/487B7XJ2", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2731499, "username": "joanpalaufores7", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joanpalaufores7", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Giles and Koehle", "parsedDate": "2013-11-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "487B7XJ2", "version": 3, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Health Effects of Exercising in Air Pollution", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Luisa V", "lastName": "Giles" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael S", "lastName": "Koehle" } ], "abstractNote": "The health benefits of exercise are well known. Many of the most accessible forms of exercise, such as walking, cycling, and running often occur outdoors. This means that exercising outdoors may increase exposure to urban air pollution. Regular exercise plays a key role in improving some of the physiologic mechanisms and health outcomes that air pollution exposure may exacerbate. This problem presents an interesting challenge of balancing the beneficial effects of exercise along with the detrimental effects of air pollution upon health. This article summarizes the pulmonary, cardiovascular, cognitive, and systemic health effects of exposure to particulate matter, ozone, and carbon monoxide during exercise. It also summarizes how air pollution exposure affects maximal oxygen consumption and exercise performance. This article highlights ways in which exercisers could mitigate the adverse health effects of air pollution exposure during exercise and draws attention to the potential importance of land use planning in selecting exercise facilities.", "publicationTitle": "Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Nov 1, 2013", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Sports Med", "DOI": "10.1007/s40279-013-0108-z", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1179-2035", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "ENG", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 24174304", "tags": [], "collections": [ "MU62ZJ2H" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-02-22T08:25:31Z", "dateModified": "2016-02-22T08:25:31Z" } }, { "key": "DD9WG73M", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 422408, "name": "gran futbol", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gran_futbol", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/422408/items/DD9WG73M", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gran_futbol/items/DD9WG73M", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2731499, "username": "joanpalaufores7", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joanpalaufores7", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hodgson et al.", "parsedDate": "2005", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "DD9WG73M", "version": 3, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Post-activation potentiation: underlying physiology and implications for motor performance", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Matt", "lastName": "Hodgson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David", "lastName": "Docherty" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dan", "lastName": "Robbins" } ], "abstractNote": "The response of muscle to volitional or electrically induced stimuli is affected by its contractile history. Fatigue is the most obvious effect of contractile history reflected by the inability of a muscle to generate an expected level of force. However, fatigue can coexist with post-activation potentiation (PAP), which serves to improve muscular performance, especially in endurance exercise and activities involving speed and power. The measured response of muscular performance following some form of contractile activity is the net balance between processes that cause fatigue and the simultaneous processes that result in potentiation. Optimal performance occurs when fatigue has subsided but the potentiated effect still exists. PAP has been demonstrated using electrically induced twitch contractions and attributed to phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chains, which makes actin and myosin more sensitive to Ca(2+). The potentiated state has also been attributed to an increase in alpha-motoneuron excitability as reflected by changes in the H-reflex. However, the significance of PAP to functional performance has not been well established. A number of recent studies have applied the principles of PAP to short-term motor performance as well as using it as a rationale for producing long-term neuromuscular changes through complex training. Complex training is a training strategy that involves the execution of a heavy resistance exercise (HRE) prior to performing an explosive movement with similar biomechanical characteristics, referred to as a complex pair. The complex pair is then repeated for a number of sets and postulated that over time will produce long-term changes in the ability of a muscle to generate power. The results of these studies are equivocal at this time and, in fact, no training studies have actually been undertaken. The discrepancies among the results of the various studies is due in part to differences in methodology and design, with particular reference to the mode and intensity of the HRE, the length of the rest interval within and between the complex pairs, the type of explosive activity, the training history of the participants, and the nature of the dependent variables. In addition, few of the applied studies have actually included measures of twitch response or H-reflex to determine if the muscles of interest are potentiated. There is clearly more research required in order to clarify the functional significance of PAP and, in particular, the efficacy of complex training in producing long-term neuromuscular adaptations.", "publicationTitle": "Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2005", "volume": "35", "issue": "7", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "585-595", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Sports Med", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0112-1642", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Post-activation potentiation", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 16026172", "tags": [ { "tag": "Fatigue", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Motor Neurons", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Movement", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Muscle Contraction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Muscle, Skeletal", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Psychomotor Performance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Time Factors", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "MU62ZJ2H" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-02-22T08:25:31Z", "dateModified": "2016-02-22T08:25:31Z" } }, { "key": "4TZ9XVJU", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 422408, "name": "gran futbol", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gran_futbol", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/422408/items/4TZ9XVJU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gran_futbol/items/4TZ9XVJU", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2731499, "username": "joanpalaufores7", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joanpalaufores7", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ofoghi et al.", "parsedDate": "2013", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "4TZ9XVJU", "version": 3, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Modelling and analysing track cycling Omnium performances using statistical and machine learning techniques", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bahadorreza", "lastName": "Ofoghi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John", "lastName": "Zeleznikow" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dan", "lastName": "Dwyer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Clare", "lastName": "Macmahon" } ], "abstractNote": "This article describes the utilisation of an unsupervised machine learning technique and statistical approaches (e.g., the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test) that assist cycling experts in the crucial decision-making processes for athlete selection, training, and strategic planning in the track cycling Omnium. The Omnium is a multi-event competition that will be included in the summer Olympic Games for the first time in 2012. Presently, selectors and cycling coaches make decisions based on experience and intuition. They rarely have access to objective data. We analysed both the old five-event (first raced internationally in 2007) and new six-event (first raced internationally in 2011) Omniums and found that the addition of the elimination race component to the Omnium has, contrary to expectations, not favoured track endurance riders. We analysed the Omnium data and also determined the inter-relationships between different individual events as well as between those events and the final standings of riders. In further analysis, we found that there is no maximum ranking (poorest performance) in each individual event that riders can afford whilst still winning a medal. We also found the required times for riders to finish the timed components that are necessary for medal winning. The results of this study consider the scoring system of the Omnium and inform decision-making toward successful participation in future major Omnium competitions.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of sports sciences", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2013", "volume": "31", "issue": "9", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "954-962", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Sports Sci", "DOI": "10.1080/02640414.2012.757344", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1466-447X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 23320948", "tags": [ { "tag": "Cycling", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Omnium", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Track cycling", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "MU62ZJ2H" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-02-22T08:25:31Z", "dateModified": "2016-02-22T08:25:31Z" } }, { "key": "NRHNQMFN", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 422408, "name": "gran futbol", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gran_futbol", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/422408/items/NRHNQMFN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gran_futbol/items/NRHNQMFN", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2731499, "username": "joanpalaufores7", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joanpalaufores7", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Jensen and Ebben", "parsedDate": "2003-05", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "NRHNQMFN", "version": 3, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Kinetic analysis of complex training rest interval effect on vertical jump performance", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Randall L", "lastName": "Jensen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "William P", "lastName": "Ebben" } ], "abstractNote": "Complex training has been recommended as a method of incorporating plyometrics with strength training. Some research suggests that plyometric performance is enhanced when performed 3-4 minutes after the strength training set, whereas other studies have failed to find any complex training advantage when plyometrics are performed immediately after the strength training portion of the complex. The purpose of this study was to determine if there is an ergogenic advantage associated with complex training and if there is an optimal time for performing plyometrics after the strength training set. Subjects were 21 NCAA Division I athletes who performed a countermovement vertical jump, a set of 5 repetitions maximum (5 RM) squats, and 5 trials of countermovement vertical jump at intervals of 10 seconds and 1, 2, 3, and 4 minutes after the squat. Jump height and peak ground reaction forces were acquired via a force platform. The pre-squat jump performance was compared with the post-squat jumps. Repeated measures ANOVA determined a difference (p 0.05) was found comparing subsequent jumps (0.72-0.76 m) to the pre-squat condition (0.74 m). When comparing high to low strength individuals, there was no effect on jump performance following the squat (p > 0.05). In conclusion, complex training does not appear to enhance jumping performance significantly and actually decreases it when the jump is performed immediately following the strength training set; however, a nonsignificant trend toward improvement seemed to be present. Therefore to optimize jump performance it appears that athletes should not perform jumps immediately following resistance training. It may be possible that beyond 4 minutes of recovery performance could be enhanced; however, that was not within the scope of the current study.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of strength and conditioning research / National Strength & Conditioning Association", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 2003", "volume": "17", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "345-349", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Strength Cond Res", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1064-8011", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 12741876", "tags": [ { "tag": "ANALYSIS of variance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adolescent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cohort Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Isometric Contraction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Jump", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Kinetics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Muscle, Skeletal", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Physical Education and Training", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Physical Endurance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Probability", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Rest", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sports", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Task Performance and Analysis", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "MU62ZJ2H" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-02-22T08:25:31Z", "dateModified": "2016-02-22T08:25:31Z" } }, { "key": "AKQXPMCZ", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 422408, "name": "gran futbol", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gran_futbol", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/422408/items/AKQXPMCZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gran_futbol/items/AKQXPMCZ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2731499, "username": "joanpalaufores7", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joanpalaufores7", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Etxebarria et al.", "parsedDate": "2013-11-09", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "AKQXPMCZ", "version": 3, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "High-intensity cycle interval training improves cycling and running performance in triathletes", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Naroa", "lastName": "Etxebarria" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Judith M", "lastName": "Anson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David B", "lastName": "Pyne" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Richard A", "lastName": "Ferguson" } ], "abstractNote": "Abstract Effective cycle training for triathlon is a challenge for coaches. We compared the effects of two variants of cycle high-intensity interval training (HIT) on triathlon-specific cycling and running. Fourteen moderately-trained male triathletes ([Formula: see text]O2peak 58.7 ± 8.1 mL kg(-1) min(-1); mean ± SD) completed on separate occasions a maximal incremental test ([Formula: see text]O2peak and maximal aerobic power), 16 × 20 s cycle sprints and a 1-h triathlon-specific cycle followed immediately by a 5 km run time trial. Participants were then pair-matched and assigned randomly to either a long high-intensity interval training (LONG) (6-8 × 5 min efforts) or short high-intensity interval training (SHORT) (9-11 × 10, 20 and 40 s efforts) HIT cycle training intervention. Six training sessions were completed over 3 weeks before participants repeated the baseline testing. Both groups had an ∼7% increase in [Formula: see text]O2peak (SHORT 7.3%, ±4.6%; mean, ±90% confidence limits; LONG 7.5%, ±1.7%). There was a moderate improvement in mean power for both the SHORT (10.3%, ±4.4%) and LONG (10.7%, ±6.8%) groups during the last eight 20-s sprints. There was a small to moderate decrease in heart rate, blood lactate and perceived exertion in both groups during the 1-h triathlon-specific cycling but only the LONG group had a substantial decrease in the subsequent 5-km run time (64, ±59 s). Moderately-trained triathletes should use both short and long high-intensity intervals to improve cycling physiology and performance. Longer 5-min intervals on the bike are more likely to benefit 5 km running performance.", "publicationTitle": "European journal of sport science", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Nov 9, 2013", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Eur J Sport Sci", "DOI": "10.1080/17461391.2013.853841", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1536-7290", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "ENG", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 24206175", "tags": [ { "tag": "Cycling", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "HIT", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Triathlets", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "MU62ZJ2H" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-02-22T08:25:31Z", "dateModified": "2016-02-22T08:25:31Z" } }, { "key": "FGRRZMFH", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 422408, "name": "gran futbol", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gran_futbol", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/422408/items/FGRRZMFH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gran_futbol/items/FGRRZMFH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2731499, "username": "joanpalaufores7", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joanpalaufores7", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hrysomallis and Kidgell", "parsedDate": "2001-11", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "FGRRZMFH", "version": 3, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Effect of heavy dynamic resistive exercise on acute upper-body power", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C", "lastName": "Hrysomallis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D", "lastName": "Kidgell" } ], "abstractNote": "There is limited research to support the notion that heavy resistive exercise immediately before a power movement may acutely enhance performance. Upper-body acute power enhancement during a stretch-shorten cycle (SSC) movement has not been previously investigated. The aim of this project was to determine whether a set of 5 repetitions of 5 repetition maximum (RM) bench press preceding explosive push-ups would significantly influence indicators of power: impulse and maximum rate of force development. Subjects randomly performed either explosive push-ups only over a force platform or a set of 5RM bench press before the explosive push-ups. There were no significant differences for any of the force platform data when the explosive push-ups were preceded by a set of 5RM bench press. It appears that heavy dynamic resistive upper-body exercise on its own before an upper-body power activity is inadequate in augmenting short-term power.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of strength and conditioning research / National Strength & Conditioning Association", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Nov 2001", "volume": "15", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "426-430", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Strength Cond Res", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1064-8011", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 11726252", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Arm", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Biomechanics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Body Weight", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Exercise", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Muscle Contraction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Muscle, Skeletal", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Reproducibility of Results", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Weight Lifting", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "MU62ZJ2H" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-02-22T08:25:31Z", "dateModified": "2016-02-22T08:25:31Z" } }, { "key": "UCBZ5A2J", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 422408, "name": "gran futbol", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gran_futbol", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/422408/items/UCBZ5A2J", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gran_futbol/items/UCBZ5A2J", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2731499, "username": "joanpalaufores7", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joanpalaufores7", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Duthie et al.", "parsedDate": "2002-11", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "UCBZ5A2J", "version": 3, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The acute effects of heavy loads on jump squat performance: an evaluation of the complex and contrast methods of power development", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Grant M", "lastName": "Duthie" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Warren B", "lastName": "Young" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David A", "lastName": "Aitken" } ], "abstractNote": "The purpose of this investigation was to examine power performance in jump squats when using the complex and contrast training methods. Eleven (n = 11) women participated in a familiarization session and in three randomly ordered testing sessions. One session involved completing sets of power exercises (jump squats) before sets of half squats (traditional method). The second session involved sets of half squats before sets of jump squats (complex method). A third session involved the alternation of sets of half squats and jump squats (contrast method). No significant difference in jump squat performance between each of the training methods was found. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the first set of each session, with the complex method having a significantly lower peak power. Further, there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in performance changes between the higher and lower strength groups, with the higher strength group having a greater improvement in performance using the contrast training method compared with the traditional method. It was concluded that contrast training is advantageous for increasing power output but only for athletes with relatively high strength levels.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of strength and conditioning research / National Strength & Conditioning Association", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Nov 2002", "volume": "16", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "530-538", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Strength Cond Res", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1064-8011", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The acute effects of heavy loads on jump squat performance", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 12423181", "tags": [ { "tag": "ANALYSIS of variance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cohort Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Evaluation Studies as Topic", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Exercise", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Jump", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Muscle, Skeletal", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Physical Education and Training", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Physical Endurance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Reference Values", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Reproducibility of Results", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sensitivity and Specificity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Stress, Mechanical", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Weight Lifting", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "MU62ZJ2H" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-02-22T08:25:31Z", "dateModified": "2016-02-22T08:25:31Z" } }, { "key": "W4H5HURW", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 422408, "name": "gran futbol", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gran_futbol", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/422408/items/W4H5HURW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gran_futbol/items/W4H5HURW", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2731499, "username": "joanpalaufores7", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joanpalaufores7", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Esfandiari et al.", "parsedDate": "2013-11-27", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "W4H5HURW", "version": 3, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Short-term high-intensity interval and continuous moderate-intensity training improve maximal aerobic power and diastolic filling during exercise", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sam", "lastName": "Esfandiari" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Zion", "lastName": "Sasson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jack M", "lastName": "Goodman" } ], "abstractNote": "PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of short-term high-intensity interval training (HIT) and continuous moderate-intensity training (CMT) on cardiac function in young, healthy men.\nMETHODS: Sixteen previously untrained men (mean age of 25.1 ± 4.1 years) were randomly assigned to HIT and CMT (n = 8 each) and assessed before and after six sessions over a 12-day training period. HIT consisted of 8-12 intervals of cycling for 60 s at 95-100 % of pre-training maximal aerobic power ([Formula: see text]O2max), interspersed by 75 s of cycling at 10 % [Formula: see text]O2max. CMT involved 90-120 min of cycling at 65 % pre-training [Formula: see text]O2max. Left ventricular (LV) function was determined at rest and during submaximal exercise (heart rate ~105 bpm) using two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography.\nRESULTS: Training resulted in increased calculated plasma volume (PV) in both groups, accompanied by improved [Formula: see text]O2max in HIT (HIT: from 39.5 ± 7.1 to 43.9 ± 5.5 mL kg(-1) min(-1); CMT: from 39.9 ± 5.9 to 41.7 ± 5.3 mL kg(-1) min(-1); P < 0.001). Resting LV function was not altered. However, increased exercise stroke volume (P = 0.02) and cardiac output (P = 0.02) were observed, secondary to increases in end-diastolic volume (P < 0.001). Numerous Doppler and speckle tracking indices of diastolic function were similarly enhanced during exercise in both training groups and were related to changes in PV.\nCONCLUSION: Short-term HIT and CMT elicit rapid improvements in [Formula: see text]O2max and LV filling without global changes in cardiac performance at rest.", "publicationTitle": "European journal of applied physiology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Nov 27, 2013", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Eur. J. Appl. Physiol.", "DOI": "10.1007/s00421-013-2773-x", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1439-6327", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "ENG", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 24281825", "tags": [ { "tag": "Cycling", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "HIT", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "MU62ZJ2H" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-02-22T08:25:31Z", "dateModified": "2016-02-22T08:25:31Z" } }, { "key": "IVR8TIFK", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 422408, "name": "gran futbol", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gran_futbol", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/422408/items/IVR8TIFK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gran_futbol/items/IVR8TIFK", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2731499, "username": "joanpalaufores7", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joanpalaufores7", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Cook et al.", "parsedDate": "2012-12", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "IVR8TIFK", "version": 3, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Comparison of baseline free testosterone and cortisol concentrations between elite and non-elite female athletes", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christian J", "lastName": "Cook" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Blair T", "lastName": "Crewther" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alan A", "lastName": "Smith" } ], "abstractNote": "OBJECTIVES: To compare the baseline free testosterone (T) and cortisol (C) concentrations of elite and non-elite female athletes.\nMETHODS: Eighteen females from different sports (track and field, netball, cycling, swimming, bob skeleton) were monitored over a 12-week period. Baseline measures of salivary free T and C concentrations were taken weekly prior to any training. The elites (n = 9) and non-elites (n = 9) were classified as international and national level competitors, respectively, with both groups matched by sport.\nRESULTS: The pooled free T concentrations of the elites (87 pg/ml) were significantly higher than the non-elites (41 pg/ml) and consistently so across all weekly time points (P < 0.001). Pooled free C concentrations were also greater in the elite group (2.90 ng/ml) than the non-elites (2.32 ng/ml) (P < 0.01).\nCONCLUSIONS: The pooled baseline T and C measures were higher in elite female athletes than non-elites. Higher free T and C concentrations could indicate a greater capacity for physical performance at higher work rates, which is commensurate with the demands of elite sport. Speculatively, the T differences observed could influence female behavior and thereby help to regulate sporting potential.", "publicationTitle": "American journal of human biology: the official journal of the Human Biology Council", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012 Nov-Dec", "volume": "24", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "856-858", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Am. J. Hum. Biol.", "DOI": "10.1002/ajhb.22302", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1520-6300", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 22915557", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Athletes", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cycling", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Hydrocortisone", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Saliva", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Testosterone", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Time Factors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Young Adult", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "MU62ZJ2H" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-02-22T08:25:31Z", "dateModified": "2016-02-22T08:25:31Z" } }, { "key": "5N528HXD", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 422408, "name": "gran futbol", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gran_futbol", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/422408/items/5N528HXD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/gran_futbol/items/5N528HXD", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2731499, "username": "joanpalaufores7", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/joanpalaufores7", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "French et al.", "parsedDate": "2003-11", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "5N528HXD", "version": 3, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Changes in dynamic exercise performance following a sequence of preconditioning isometric muscle actions", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Duncan N", "lastName": "French" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "William J", "lastName": "Kraemer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Carlton B", "lastName": "Cooke" } ], "abstractNote": "Complex training is the method of coupling heavy and light loads into an organized sequence with the aim of facilitating postactivation potentiation. Anecdotal evidence has supported the use of complex training sequences, but scientific studies investigating the effects of sequencing isometric loads with dynamic muscle actions have been limited. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a preconditioning sequence of maximal isometric knee extensions on performance standards in selected dynamic whole-body exercise. Fourteen track and field athletes (23 +/- 5.7 years; 71.53 +/- 6.93 kg; 172.6 +/- 5.8 cm) were randomly assessed in selected whole-body exercises (drop and countermovement jumps, 5-second cycle sprint, knee extension) following a sequence of maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVC; 3 repetitions of 3 seconds or 3 repetitions of 5 seconds) or in the absence of prior loading (control). Electromyographic (EMG) assessments of muscle activity were also made during the knee extension assessment. Significant (p < or = 0.05) increases in jump height (5.03%), maximal force (4.94%), and acceleration impulse (9.49%) were observed in the drop jump following 3 repetitions of 3-second MVC only. Knee extension maximal torque was also significantly increased (6.12%) following the 3-second MVC. No significant changes in countermovement jump or cycle sprint measures were observed for any of the experimental conditions. Though adaptations were found, changes in EMG activity were not significantly different for any of the experimental conditions. These data indicate that performing a sequence of repeated maximal isometric knee extensions (3 repetitions of 3 seconds) prior to selected dynamic exercise (< or =0.25 seconds) may have favorable effects on performance beyond standards achieved without prior heavy loading.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of strength and conditioning research / National Strength & Conditioning Association", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Nov 2003", "volume": "17", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "678-685", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Strength Cond Res", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1064-8011", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 14636092", "tags": [ { "tag": "ANALYSIS of variance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Biomechanics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Exercise", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Isometric Contraction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Physical Education and Training", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "electromyography", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "MU62ZJ2H" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-02-22T08:25:31Z", "dateModified": "2016-02-22T08:25:31Z" } } ]