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This paper shows that the meta-analysis of bicycle helmet efficacy reported by Attewell, Glase, and McFadden (Accident Analysis and Prevention 2001, 345-352) was influenced by publication bias and time-trend bias that was not controlled for. As a result, the analysis reported inflated estimates of the effects of bicycle helmets. This paper presents a re-analysis of the study. The re-analysis included: (1) detecting and adjusting for publication bias by means of the trim-and-fill method; (2) ensuring the inclusion of all published studies by means of continuity corrections of estimates of effect rely on zero counts; (3) detecting and trying to account for a time-trend bias in estimates of the effects of bicycle helmets; (4) updating the study by including recently published studies evaluating the effects of bicycle helmets. The re-analysis shows smaller safety benefits associated with the use of bicycle helmets than the original study.

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"lastName": "Golding" } ], "abstractNote": "", "bookTitle": "Social Theories of Risk", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "1992", "publisher": "Praeger", "place": "Westport, CT", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "83–114", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "cultural theory" }, { "tag": "risk" }, { "tag": "risk analysis" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-03-30T21:32:35Z", "dateModified": "2011-03-30T21:32:35Z" } }, { "key": "PTRT5HCE", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 41958, "name": "Risiko Syllabus", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/risiko_syllabus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { 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"date": "1992", "publisher": "Zone", "place": "New York", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "234–252", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "biosociality" }, { "tag": "nature" }, { "tag": "sociobiology" }, { "tag": "support groups" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-03-30T21:32:35Z", "dateModified": "2011-03-30T21:32:35Z" } }, { "key": "U3A85F7P", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 41958, "name": "Risiko Syllabus", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/risiko_syllabus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/41958/items/U3A85F7P", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": 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Sie wird deshalb zunehmend mit dem Begriff des Risikos beschrieben. Die hat für einzelne Funktionssysteme wie Politik, Recht, Wissenschaft oder Wirtschaft sehr verschiedene Konsequenzen. Die These des Buches ist, daß sich infolgedessen eine Kluft zwischen den an den Entscheidungen Beteiligten auf der einen und den von etwaigen Schäden Betroffenen auf der anderen Seite bildet, die politisch nur schwer zu überbrücken ist.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "1991", "publisher": "de Gruyter", "place": "Berlin", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "danger" }, { "tag": "risk" }, { "tag": "sociology" }, { "tag": "systems theory" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-03-30T21:32:35Z", "dateModified": "2011-03-30T21:32:35Z" } }, { "key": "9S23S5VA", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 41958, "name": "Risiko Syllabus", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/risiko_syllabus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/41958/items/9S23S5VA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/risiko_syllabus/items/9S23S5VA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 66, "username": "haraldkliems", "name": "Harald Kliems", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/haraldkliems", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lopes", "parsedDate": "1994", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "9S23S5VA", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Psychology and economics: Perspectives on Risk, Cooperation, and The Marketplace", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lola L", "lastName": "Lopes" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Annual Review of Psychology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1994", "volume": "45", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "197–227", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "cooperation" }, { "tag": "decision making" }, { "tag": "experimental economics" }, { "tag": "risk" }, { "tag": "social dilemmata" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-03-30T21:32:35Z", "dateModified": "2011-03-30T21:32:35Z" } }, { "key": "WRWBQQWP", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 41958, "name": "Risiko Syllabus", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/risiko_syllabus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/41958/items/WRWBQQWP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/risiko_syllabus/items/WRWBQQWP", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 66, "username": "haraldkliems", "name": "Harald Kliems", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/haraldkliems", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Japp", "parsedDate": "2000", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "WRWBQQWP", "version": 1, "itemType": "book", "title": "Risiko", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Klaus Peter", "lastName": "Japp" } ], "abstractNote": "Der gesellschaftstheoretisch fundierte Risikobegriff geht von der Annahme aus, dass \"Risiko\" zu der Klasse von Problemen der modernen Gesellschaft gehört, die \"quer\" zu deren Funktionssystemen steht: Risiken können danach nicht auf ein spezielles Funktionssystem (Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft oder Politik etwa) konzentriert werden, sie sind strukturell mit dem System der modernen Gesellschaft verbunden. Wie in dem vorliegenden, auf die systemtheoretische Risikoforschung fokussierenden Band dargelegt wird, beziehen sich Forschungsprobleme wesentlich auf Verständigungschancen zwischen Entscheidern und Betroffenen, auf die \"Rationalisierbarkeit\" riskanter Entscheidungen und auf die Bedeutung nicht auflösbaren Nichtwissens. Im ökologischen Kontext kulminieren diese Aspekte zum unlösbaren Problem der \"Selbstgefährdung der Gesellschaft\". Begriffsgeschichte (5) Risikoversicherung und Versicherungsrisiko (6) Risikokonzepte und Risikokontexte (9) Risikowahrnehmung und Risikokommunikation (15) Rationalität (25) Zeitdimension: Zukunft (32) Moderne Zeiten (33) Zeitbindungen (39) Lernen (43) Sachdimension: Komplexität (50) Temporalisierung (51) Technologie (56) Regulierung (62) Sozialdimension: Dissens (65) Entscheider und Betroffene (65) Verständigung (69) Risikowahrnehmung (74) Gesellschaft (78) Beobachter (79) Zivilgesellschaft (82) Systemvertrauen (87) Anmerkungen (93) Literatur (114)", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2000", "publisher": "transcript", "place": "Bielefeld", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Luhmann" }, { "tag": "risk" }, { "tag": "systems theory" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-03-30T21:32:35Z", "dateModified": "2011-03-30T21:32:35Z" } }, { "key": "8HRU38RI", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 41958, "name": "Risiko Syllabus", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/risiko_syllabus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/41958/items/8HRU38RI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/risiko_syllabus/items/8HRU38RI", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 66, "username": "haraldkliems", "name": "Harald Kliems", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/haraldkliems", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Gigerenzer et al.", "parsedDate": "1999", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "8HRU38RI", "version": 1, "itemType": "book", "title": "Das Reich des Zufalls: Wissen zwischen Wahrscheinlichkeiten, Häufigkeiten und Unschärfen", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gerd", "lastName": "Gigerenzer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Zeno", "lastName": "Switjink" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Theodore", "lastName": "Porter" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lorraine", "lastName": "Daston" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John", "lastName": "Beatty" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lorenz", "lastName": "Krüger" } ], "abstractNote": "\"Statistiker haben jeden Zweig der Wissenschaft mit einem Tempo überrannt, das lediglich mit dem von Attila dem Hunnen verglichen werden kann.\" Dieses Zitat haben die Autoren von Das Reich des Zufalls einem ihrer Kapitel vorangestellt. Aber warum und vor allem wie konnten Statistiker unser Leben und vor allem das der Forscher derart erstürmen? Nicht nur Spieler wissen: Der Zufall bestimmt unser Leben auf vielfältige Weise. Er spielt eine wichtige Rolle in der Evolutionstheorie, in der Physik, in der Hirnforschung und der Soziologie, um nur einige Beispiele zu nennen. Gott würfelt eben leider doch. Die Werkzeuge, mit dem Forscher, die sich nach harten Fakten sehnen, dem Gespenst Zufall auf den schwer faßbaren Leib rücken, heißen Statistik und Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung. Sie haben Einfluß auf die Versuchsplanung und Ethik (Beispiel: Doppelblindstudie in der Medizin), auf die Auswertung der Ergebnisse (Bewerten von \"Ausreißern\", Signifikanztests) und sogar auf die Theoriebildung. Wenn man sieht, welchen Rang die Statistik heute innehat, wundert man sich schon, wie spät in der Wissenschaftsgeschichte die Statistik erst geschmiedet wurde. Ausgangspunkt waren bezeichnenderweise Gedanken, die sich der bekannte Mathematiker Blaise Pascal über Gewinnchancen bei einem Spiel machte (unter dieser Nähe zum Anrüchigen litt die Zunft recht lange). Die Geschichte von Pascals Denkspielen bis zur heutigen Teilchenphysik, den Meinungsumfragen, ja sogar der komplexen Baseballstatistik haben die sechs Autoren dieses Buches mit hoher Detailschärfe aufgeschrieben. Dabei beschränken sie sich nicht darauf, die dazugehörige, knifflige Mathematik herzuleiten – tatsächlich kommen im Buch nur sehr wenige Formeln vor – vielmehr raffen sie die historische Entwicklung der Zufallswissenschaften während der letzten 300 Jahre und – sehr schön! – stellen die Erkenntnisse in das gesellschaftliche Umfeld der jeweiligen Zeit. Dabei kommen zuweilen recht amüsante Fakten zutage: Während sich die Mathematiker etwa bemühten, das Risiko von Lebensversicherungen kalkulierbar zu machen, scherte sich die Branche seinerzeit kaum um die Ergebnisse – weil Leibrenten im London früherer Jahrhunderte vielfach getarnte Kreditrückzahlungen waren, für die der Wucherparagraph nicht galt. Pech für Pascal, Poisson, Bernoulli, Gauß, Maxwell & Co., alles große Namen, die sich um die Statistik verdient gemacht haben. Leider werden Gigerenzer und seine Mitautoren ihrem Anspruch, ihr Buch auch für Laien geschrieben zu haben, an manchen Stellen nicht ganz gerecht. Auch, daß in einem derartigen Band auf über 300 Seiten nur eine einzige Abbildung zu finden ist, ist nicht mehr zeitgemäß. Da tröstet es wenig, daß es sich beim Reich des Zufalls \"nur\" um eine Überarbeitung einer bereits 1989 erschienenen englischen Ausgabe handelt – auch damals galten schon andere Maßstäbe. Dennoch: Das Reich des Zufalls ist ein sehr lehrreiches Buch, das trotz einiger didaktischer Schwächen einen hochinteressanten Überblick über die Entwicklung der Statistik bietet, der die Grenzen zwischen den Disziplinen weit hinter sich läßt. Biologen, Physiker, Soziologen und andere Wissenschaftler, die sich vielleicht schon länger fragen, \"Wie kann ich meinen Statistiker besser verstehen?\" werden in diesem Band die Antwort finden. Manch einen mag trösten, daß längst nicht alles, was in den Statistiklehrbüchern präsentiert wird, unumstößliche Weisheiten sind. Viele statistische Verfahren waren und sind unter Experten bis heute umstritten. Auch das zeigt dieses Buch und hilft damit, die eigenen Ergebnisse besser einzuordnen. Und manch einen mag vielleicht einfach interessieren, was die Statistiker im Revier des Kollegen von der Nachbarfakultät so alles anrichten.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "1999", "publisher": "Spektrum", "place": "Heidelberg", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "chance" }, { "tag": "history of science" }, { "tag": "risk" }, { "tag": "statistics" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-03-30T21:32:35Z", "dateModified": "2011-03-30T21:32:35Z" } }, { "key": "F8ZG27W6", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 41958, "name": "Risiko Syllabus", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/risiko_syllabus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/41958/items/F8ZG27W6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/risiko_syllabus/items/F8ZG27W6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 66, "username": "haraldkliems", "name": "Harald Kliems", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/haraldkliems", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Giddens", "parsedDate": "1996", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "F8ZG27W6", "version": 1, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "Risiko, Vertrauen und Reflexivität", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Anthony", "lastName": "Giddens" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Ulrich", "lastName": "Beck" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Anthony", "lastName": "Giddens" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Scott", "lastName": "Lash" } ], "abstractNote": "", "bookTitle": "Reflexive Modernisierung – Eine Kontroverse", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "1996", "publisher": "Suhrkamp", "place": "Frankfurt a.\\,M.", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "316–337", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Beck" }, { "tag": "modernity" }, { "tag": "reflexivity" }, { "tag": "risk" }, { "tag": "trust" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-03-30T21:32:35Z", "dateModified": "2011-03-30T21:32:35Z" } }, { "key": "TFVE9Z4N", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 41958, "name": "Risiko Syllabus", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/risiko_syllabus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/41958/items/TFVE9Z4N", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/risiko_syllabus/items/TFVE9Z4N", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 66, "username": "haraldkliems", "name": "Harald Kliems", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/haraldkliems", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Douglas and Wildavsky", "parsedDate": "1993", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "TFVE9Z4N", "version": 1, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "Risiko und Kultur: Können wir wissen, welchen Risiken wir gegenüberstehen?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mary", "lastName": "Douglas" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Aaron", "lastName": "Wildavsky" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Wolfgang", "lastName": "Krohn" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Georg", "lastName": "Krücken" } ], "abstractNote": "", "bookTitle": "Reflexion und Regulation. Einführung in die sozialwissenschaftliche Risikoforschung.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "1993", "publisher": "Suhrkamp", "place": "Frankfurt a.\\,M.", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "113–138", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Culture" }, { "tag": "cultural studies" }, { "tag": "environmental groups" }, { "tag": "risk" }, { "tag": "risk policy" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-03-30T21:32:35Z", "dateModified": "2011-03-30T21:32:35Z" } }, { "key": "GF8EM27M", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 41958, "name": "Risiko Syllabus", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/risiko_syllabus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/41958/items/GF8EM27M", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/risiko_syllabus/items/GF8EM27M", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 66, "username": "haraldkliems", "name": "Harald Kliems", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/haraldkliems", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Collins and Pinch", "parsedDate": "2000", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "GF8EM27M", "version": 1, "itemType": "book", "title": "Der Golem der Technologie", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Harry", "lastName": "Collins" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Trevor", "lastName": "Pinch" } ], "abstractNote": "Michael Hampe schreibt in seiner Doppelbesprechung der beiden nun auf deutsch vorliegenden Bücher des Autorenteams Collins/Pinch, daß sie zwar philosophisch kaum etwas grundsätzlich Neues zum Wissenschafts- und Technikverständnis beitragen würden, aber zu Recht aufgrund der vielen detaillierten Fallstudien gelobt und so ein kritisches und produktives Verhältnis zur Naturwissenschaft fördern würden. 1) \"Der Golem der Technologie\" Die experimentelle Praxis ist nie eindeutig, und so läßt sich erstaunlicherweise bis heute nicht sagen, schreibt Michael Hampe in seiner Besprechung des zweiten Golem-Bandes von Collins/ Pinch, ob die Patriot-Raketen im Golfkrieg Husseins Scud-Raketen erfolgreich abgefangen haben oder nicht. Das Buch von Collins/ Pinch gebe sich nicht \"der Dekonstruktion unserer Wahrheiten hin, wie sie neuerdings in der Soziologie des Wissens so beliebt ist\", schreibt der Rezensent, sondern fördere ein Wissenschafts- und Technikverständnis, das aus dem Teufelskreis Wissenschaftsverdammung oder Wissenschaftsgläubigkeit ausbrechen helfen soll. \"Sichere Theorien machen keine sichere Technik, und erfolgreiche Technik belegt nicht die Gewissheit einer Theorie.\"", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2000", "publisher": "Berlin Verlag", "place": "Berlin", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "STS" }, { "tag": "Technology" }, { "tag": "challenger" }, { "tag": "risk analysis" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-03-30T21:32:35Z", "dateModified": "2011-03-30T21:32:35Z" } }, { "key": "UQTJ68WE", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 41958, "name": "Risiko Syllabus", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/risiko_syllabus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/41958/items/UQTJ68WE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/risiko_syllabus/items/UQTJ68WE", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 66, "username": "haraldkliems", "name": "Harald Kliems", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/haraldkliems", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Beck", "parsedDate": "1996", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "UQTJ68WE", "version": 1, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "Wissen oder Nicht-Wissen? Zwei Perspektiven \"`reflexiver Modernisierung\"'", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ulrich", "lastName": "Beck" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Ulrich", "lastName": "Beck" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Anthony", "lastName": "Giddens" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Scott", "lastName": "Lash" } ], "abstractNote": "", "bookTitle": "Reflexive Modernisierung. Eine Kontroverse", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "1996", "publisher": "Suhrkamp", "place": "Frankfurt a.\\,M.", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "289–315", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Giddens (Anthony)" }, { "tag": "Lash (Scott)" }, { "tag": "knowlegde" }, { "tag": "modernity" }, { "tag": "modernization" }, { "tag": "non-knowledge" }, { "tag": "reflexive modernity" }, { "tag": "risk" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-03-30T21:32:35Z", "dateModified": "2011-03-30T21:32:35Z" } }, { "key": "VA8X4V6W", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 41958, "name": "Risiko Syllabus", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/risiko_syllabus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/41958/items/VA8X4V6W", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/risiko_syllabus/items/VA8X4V6W", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/41958/items/PTRT5HCE", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 66, "username": "haraldkliems", "name": "Harald Kliems", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/haraldkliems", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "VA8X4V6W", "version": 1, "parentItem": "PTRT5HCE", "itemType": "note", "note": "Human Genome Initiave as site of ethnographic research; focus on initiative itsefl, adjacent enterprises and institutions and the emerging field of bioethics what is mapping? linkage maps, physical map, sequencing whose genome do we map? 241: My educated guess is that the new genetics will prove to be an infinitely greater force for reshaping society and life than was the revolution in physics, because it will be embedded throughout the social fabric at the microlevel by medical practices and a variety of other discourses. 241f: In the future, the new genetics will cease to be a biological metaphor for modern society and will become instead a circulation network of identity terms and restriction loci, around which and through which a truly new type of autoproduction will emerge, which I call \"biosociality.\" If sociobiology is culture constructed on the basis of a metaphor of nature, then in biosociality, nature will be modeled on culture understood as practice. Nature will be known and remade through technique and will finally become artificial, just as culture becomes natural. Were such a project to be brought to fruition, it would stand as the basis for overcoming the nature/culture split. Auflösung des Subjekts im Risikodenken Food production and agrobiology as an example where the modification of labor practices and life processes has already been significantly altered. \"Nature\" has taken on a very different meaning there", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-03-30T21:32:35Z", "dateModified": "2011-03-30T21:32:35Z" } }, { "key": "5QDM8KPS", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 41958, "name": "Risiko Syllabus", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/risiko_syllabus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/41958/items/5QDM8KPS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/risiko_syllabus/items/5QDM8KPS", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 66, "username": "haraldkliems", "name": "Harald Kliems", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/haraldkliems", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Luhmann", "parsedDate": "1999", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "5QDM8KPS", "version": 1, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "Risiko und Gefahr", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Niklas", "lastName": "Luhmann" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "W.", "lastName": "Krohn" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "G.", "lastName": "Krücken" } ], "abstractNote": "", "bookTitle": "Riskante Technologien – Reflexion und Regulation", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "1999", "publisher": "Suhrkamp", "place": "Frankfurt a.\\,M.", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "138–186", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "danger" }, { "tag": "risk" }, { "tag": "sociology" }, { "tag": "systems theory" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-03-30T21:32:35Z", "dateModified": "2011-03-30T21:32:35Z" } }, { "key": "T7CJP4WJ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 41958, "name": "Risiko Syllabus", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/risiko_syllabus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/41958/items/T7CJP4WJ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/risiko_syllabus/items/T7CJP4WJ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 66, "username": "haraldkliems", "name": "Harald Kliems", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/haraldkliems", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Krimsky and Golding", "parsedDate": "1992", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "T7CJP4WJ", "version": 1, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "Reflections", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sheldon", "lastName": "Krimsky" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dominic", "lastName": "Golding" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Krimsky" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Golding" } ], "abstractNote": "", "bookTitle": "Social Theories of Risk", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "1992", "publisher": "Praeger", "place": "Westport, CT", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "83–114", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "risk" }, { "tag": "risk analysis" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-03-30T21:32:35Z", "dateModified": "2011-03-30T21:32:35Z" } }, { "key": "CMT4M7ZD", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 41958, "name": "Risiko Syllabus", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/risiko_syllabus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/41958/items/CMT4M7ZD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/risiko_syllabus/items/CMT4M7ZD", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 66, "username": "haraldkliems", "name": "Harald Kliems", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/haraldkliems", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hacking", "parsedDate": "1990", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "CMT4M7ZD", "version": 1, "itemType": "book", "title": "The Taming of Chance", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ian", "lastName": "Hacking" } ], "abstractNote": "In this important new study ian Hackling continues the enquiry into the origins and development of certain characteristic modes ofcontemporary thought undertaken in such previous works as the best-selling \\emphThe Emergence of Probabilicy. Professor Hacking shows how by the late nineteenth century it became possible to think of statistical patterns as explanatory in themselves, and to regard the world as not necessarily deterministic in character.In the same period the idea of human nature was displaced by a model of normal people with laws of dispersion.These two parallel transformations fed into each other, so that chance made the world seem less capricious: it was legitimated because it brought order out of chaos. professor Hacking argues that these developments have led to a new style of scientific reasoning gaining its hold upon us.The greater the level of indeterminism in our conception of the world and of people, the more we expect control and intervention in our lives, and the less we expect freedom. Combining detailed historical research with characteristic philosphical breadth and verve, \\emphThe Taming of Chance brings out the relations between philosophy, the physical sciences, mathematics and the development of social institutions, and provides a unique and authoritative analysis of the `probabilisation' of the western world.", "series": "Ideas in Context", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "1990", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "place": "Cambridge, UK", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0521388848/ref=sib_rdr_fc/002-7121582-1275244?%5Fencoding=UTF8&p=S001#reader-page", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "chance" }, { "tag": "history of science" }, { "tag": "normality" }, { "tag": "probability" }, { "tag": "risk" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-03-30T21:32:35Z", "dateModified": "2011-03-30T21:32:35Z" } }, { "key": "5DM9UDMR", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 41958, "name": "Risiko Syllabus", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/risiko_syllabus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/41958/items/5DM9UDMR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/risiko_syllabus/items/5DM9UDMR", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 66, "username": "haraldkliems", "name": "Harald Kliems", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/haraldkliems", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bostrom et al.", "parsedDate": "1994", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "5DM9UDMR", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "What Do People Know About Global Climate Change? 1. Mental Models", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ann", "lastName": "Bostrom" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. Granger", "lastName": "Morgan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Baruch", "lastName": "Fischhoff" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Daniel", "lastName": "Read" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Risk Analysis", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1994", "volume": "14", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "959–970", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "climate change" }, { "tag": "global warming" }, { "tag": "mental model" }, { "tag": "psychology" }, { "tag": "risk" }, { "tag": "risk communication" }, { "tag": "social psychology" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-03-30T21:32:35Z", "dateModified": "2011-03-30T21:32:35Z" } }, { "key": "BJ6KEK3T", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 41958, "name": "Risiko Syllabus", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/risiko_syllabus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/41958/items/BJ6KEK3T", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/risiko_syllabus/items/BJ6KEK3T", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 66, "username": "haraldkliems", "name": "Harald Kliems", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/haraldkliems", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bostrom et al.", "parsedDate": "1994", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BJ6KEK3T", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Evaluating risk communications: completing and correcting mental models of hazardous processes, Part II.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ann", "lastName": "Bostrom" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Cynthia J", "lastName": "Atman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Baruch", "lastName": "Fischhoff" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. Granger", "lastName": "Morgan" } ], "abstractNote": "We propose a decision-analytic framework, called the mental models approach, for evaluating the impact of risk communications. It employs multiple evaluation methods, including think-aloud protocol analysis, problem solving, and a true-false test that allows respondents to express uncertainty about their answers. The approach is illustrated in empirical comparisons of three brochures about indoor radon.", "publicationTitle": "Risk Analysis", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1994", "volume": "14", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "789–798", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "decision making" }, { "tag": "evaluation" }, { "tag": "mental models" }, { "tag": "radon" }, { "tag": "risk" }, { "tag": "risk communication" }, { "tag": "risk perception" }, { "tag": "social psychology" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-03-30T21:32:35Z", "dateModified": "2011-03-30T21:32:35Z" } }, { "key": "KH44JJHJ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 41958, "name": "Risiko Syllabus", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/risiko_syllabus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/41958/items/KH44JJHJ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/risiko_syllabus/items/KH44JJHJ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 66, "username": "haraldkliems", "name": "Harald Kliems", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/haraldkliems", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Beck et al.", "parsedDate": "2003", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "KH44JJHJ", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The theory of reflexive modernization: problematic, hypotheses and research programme", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ulrich", "lastName": "Beck" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Wolfgang", "lastName": "Bonss" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christoph", "lastName": "Lau" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Theory, Culture & Society", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2003", "volume": "20", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1–33", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "modernity" }, { "tag": "reflexive modernization" }, { "tag": "risk" }, { "tag": "sociology" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-03-30T21:32:35Z", "dateModified": "2011-03-30T21:32:35Z" } }, { "key": "ZFSNHPXH", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 41958, "name": "Risiko Syllabus", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/risiko_syllabus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/41958/items/ZFSNHPXH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/risiko_syllabus/items/ZFSNHPXH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 66, "username": "haraldkliems", "name": "Harald Kliems", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/haraldkliems", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Beck", "parsedDate": "2002", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ZFSNHPXH", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Terrorist Threat: World Risk Society Revisited", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ulrich", "lastName": "Beck" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Theory, Culture & Society", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2002", "volume": "19", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "39–55", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "ecology" }, { "tag": "financial markets" }, { "tag": "risk" }, { "tag": "sociology" }, { "tag": "terrorism" }, { "tag": "world risk society" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-03-30T21:32:35Z", "dateModified": "2011-03-30T21:32:35Z" } } ]