[ { "key": "VMWX2AP3", "version": 678, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 419428, "name": "BdBsalResearch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/419428/items/VMWX2AP3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch/items/VMWX2AP3", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 115811, "username": "mkoo", "name": "Michelle Koo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mkoo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 5156532, "username": "allie128", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/allie128", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Yap et al.", "parsedDate": "2015-07-31", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "VMWX2AP3", "version": 678, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Averting a North American biodiversity crisis", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tiffany A.", "lastName": "Yap" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michelle S.", "lastName": "Koo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Richard F.", "lastName": "Ambrose" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David B.", "lastName": "Wake" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Vance T.", "lastName": "Vredenburg" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Science", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "07/31/2015", "volume": "349", "issue": "6247", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "481-482", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Science", "DOI": "10.1126/science.aab1052", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencemag.org/content/349/6247/481", "accessDate": "2015-08-30T18:28:19Z", "PMID": "26228132", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0036-8075, 1095-9203", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.sciencemag.org", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Bsal" }, { "tag": "North America" }, { "tag": "vulnerability model" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-10-21T22:56:04Z", "dateModified": "2025-10-02T19:32:49Z" } }, { "key": "V8IY8JZU", "version": 678, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 419428, "name": "BdBsalResearch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/419428/items/V8IY8JZU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch/items/V8IY8JZU", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 115811, "username": "mkoo", "name": "Michelle Koo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mkoo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 5156532, "username": "allie128", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/allie128", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Carter et al.", "parsedDate": "2024-02-21", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "V8IY8JZU", "version": 678, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans is necronotic: carcasses could play a role in Bsal transmission", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E. Davis", "lastName": "Carter" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Joseph A.", "lastName": "DeMarchi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mark Q.", "lastName": "Wilber" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Debra L.", "lastName": "Miller" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Matthew J.", "lastName": "Gray" } ], "abstractNote": "Introduction

Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) poses a major threat to global amphibian biodiversity. It is essential we understand Bsal transmission to develop better-informed management strategies. Infected carcasses are an important source of transmission for several human and wildlife disease systems; however, they have not been examined as sources for Bsal exposure. Here, we evaluated whether infected newt carcasses could contribute to Bsal transmission dynamics.

Methods

We cohoused infected carcasses with susceptible newts in two cohousing chamber types (partitioned or non-partitioned) at three timepoints post-mortem ([0,24[, [24,48, [48,72] hrs). The partitioned chamber prevented newt-to-newt contact hence only allowed indirect, waterborne transmission of zoospores. We measured shedding rates of infected carcasses at each post-mortem timepoint and monitored infection status and mortality of susceptible newts which were exposed during cohousing events.

Results

Our results indicate carcasses are capable of transmitting Bsal to susceptible newts up to at least 72 hrs post-mortem, even without live newts directly contacting carcasses. All susceptible newts in each chamber type and post-mortem period became infected and >90% experienced disease-induced mortality. Bsal genomic copies/uL in skin swabs taken from infected carcasses were high, averaging 7.4x105, 8.6x105, and 2.0x106 at 24, 48, and 72 hrs post-mortem, respectively. Water samples collected from cohousing chambers averaged 2743 Bsal genomic copies/uL (approximately 1357 zoospores) and did not decline over 72 hrs.

Discussion

Our results indicate Bsal infection can occur rapidly between infected carcasses and susceptible aquatic salamanders via indirect and direct transmission pathways, and carcasses may prolong outbreaks by increasing the duration that infected individuals remain infectious. Carcass removal may be a strategy to reduce Bsal transmission and the impacts of outbreaks.

", "publicationTitle": "Frontiers in Amphibian and Reptile Science", "publisher": "Frontiers", "place": "", "date": "2024-02-21", "volume": "2", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Front. Amphib. Reptile Sci.", "DOI": "10.3389/famrs.2024.1284608", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/amphibian-and-reptile-science/articles/10.3389/famrs.2024.1284608/full", "accessDate": "2025-02-07T17:43:30Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "2813-6780", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans is necronotic", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "Frontiers", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Bsal" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-02-07T17:43:30Z", "dateModified": "2025-02-07T18:06:13Z" } }, { "key": "5FV66CC7", "version": 678, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 419428, "name": "BdBsalResearch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/419428/items/5FV66CC7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch/items/5FV66CC7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 115811, "username": "mkoo", "name": "Michelle Koo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mkoo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 5156532, "username": "allie128", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/allie128", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bosch et al.", "parsedDate": "2021", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "5FV66CC7", "version": 678, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Long-Term Monitoring of Amphibian Populations of a National Park in Northern Spain Reveals Negative Persisting Effects of Ranavirus, but Not Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jaime", "lastName": "Bosch" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Amparo", "lastName": "Mora-Cabello de Alba" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Susana", "lastName": "Marquínez" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stephen J.", "lastName": "Price" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Barbora", "lastName": "Thumsová" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jon", "lastName": "Bielby" } ], "abstractNote": "Amphibians are the most highly threatened vertebrates, and emerging pathogens are a serious threat to their conservation. Amphibian chytrid fungi and the viruses of the Ranavirus genus are causing disease outbreaks worldwide, including in protected areas such as National Parks. However, we lack information about their effect over amphibian populations in the long-term, and sometimes these mortality episodes are considered as transient events without serious consequences over longer time-spans. Here, we relate the occurrence of both pathogens with the population trends of 24 amphibian populations at 15 sites across a national Park in northern Spain over a 14-year period. Just one out 24 populations presents a positive population trend being free of both pathogens, while seven populations exposed to one or two pathogens experienced strong declines during the study period. The rest of the study populations (16) remain stable, and these tend to be of species that are not susceptible to the pathogen present or are free of pathogens. Our study is consistent with infectious diseases playing an important role in dictating amphibian population trends and emphasizes the need to adopt measures to control these pathogens in nature. We highlight that sites housing species carrying Ranavirus seems to have experienced more severe population-level effects compared to those with the amphibian chytrid fungus, and that Ranaviruses could be just as, or more important, as other more high-profile amphibian emerging pathogens.", "publicationTitle": "Frontiers in Veterinary Science", "publisher": "Frontiers", "place": "", "date": "2021", "volume": "0", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Front. Vet. Sci.", "DOI": "10.3389/fvets.2021.645491", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.645491/full", "accessDate": "2021-07-16T23:25:24Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "2297-1769", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "Frontiers", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Bd" }, { "tag": "Emerging-diseases", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Ranaviruses", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "amphibian-declines", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "population-trends", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2021-07-16T23:25:24Z", "dateModified": "2025-02-07T18:05:50Z" } }, { "key": "JUV9G46N", "version": 673, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 419428, "name": "BdBsalResearch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/419428/items/JUV9G46N", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch/items/JUV9G46N", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 356511, "username": "tyap", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tyap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 115811, "username": "mkoo", "name": "Michelle Koo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mkoo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Gerson", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "JUV9G46N", "version": 673, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "International trade in amphibians: A customs perspective", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Helen", "lastName": "Gerson" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Alytes", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012", "volume": "29", "issue": "1-4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "103–115", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.amphibians.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Alytes_2012_gerson.pdf", "accessDate": "2015-11-14T22:23:42Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "International trade in amphibians", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Bd" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-12-02T04:45:53Z", "dateModified": "2025-02-07T18:04:49Z" } }, { "key": "89R5LGJX", "version": 672, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 419428, "name": "BdBsalResearch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/419428/items/89R5LGJX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch/items/89R5LGJX", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 115811, "username": "mkoo", "name": "Michelle Koo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mkoo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Davidson et al.", "parsedDate": "2025-02-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "89R5LGJX", "version": 672, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Influence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis isolate and dose on infection outcomes in a critically endangered Australian amphibian", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mikaeylah J.", "lastName": "Davidson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tiffany A.", "lastName": "Kosch" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Amy", "lastName": "Aquilina" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rebecca J.", "lastName": "Webb" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lee F.", "lastName": "Skerratt" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lee", "lastName": "Berger" } ], "abstractNote": "The amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd)) is a continuing threat globally, causing widespread declines. Corroboree frogs (Pseudophryne corroboree) are critically endangered and no longer have self-sustaining populations in the wild due to the presence of Bd in the environment. We aimed to investigate variation in susceptibility to Bd in juvenile P. corroboree and evaluate the impact of Bd isolate and dose on infection outcomes. We experimentally exposed juvenile P. corroboree to two Bd isolates at five doses, and also characterised the in vitro growth of these isolates. Frogs showed high susceptibility to Bd, with isolate and dose impacting survival time and infection loads. Additionally, differences in the in vitro phenotype of the two Bd isolates were linked to their differential virulence. This study highlights the considerable impact that fungal isolate and dose have in shaping disease outcomes in experimental exposures.", "publicationTitle": "Fungal Ecology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2025-02-01", "volume": "73", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "101397", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Fungal Ecology", "DOI": "10.1016/j.funeco.2024.101397", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1754504824000680", "accessDate": "2025-02-07T17:50:33Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1754-5048", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Bd" }, { "tag": "Captive breeding", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Chytrid", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Chytridiomycosis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Conservation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Disease susceptibility", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fungal infection", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Southern corroboree frog", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-02-07T17:50:33Z", "dateModified": "2025-02-07T17:50:41Z" } }, { "key": "CZV3ERPN", "version": 678, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 419428, "name": "BdBsalResearch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/419428/items/CZV3ERPN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch/items/CZV3ERPN", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 115811, "username": "mkoo", "name": "Michelle Koo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mkoo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 5156532, "username": "allie128", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/allie128", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kalinka et al.", "parsedDate": "2024-01-23", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "CZV3ERPN", "version": 678, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Genetic transformation of the frog-killing chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Erik", "lastName": "Kalinka" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stephanie M.", "lastName": "Brody" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Andrew J. M.", "lastName": "Swafford" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Edgar M.", "lastName": "Medina" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lillian K.", "lastName": "Fritz-Laylin" } ], "abstractNote": "Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), a causative agent of chytridiomycosis, is decimating amphibian populations around the world. Bd belongs to the chytrid lineage, a group of early-diverging fungi that are widely used to study fungal evolution. Like all chytrids, Bd develops from a motile form into a sessile, growth form, a transition that involves drastic changes in its cytoskeletal architecture. Efforts to study Bd cell biology, development, and pathogenicity have been limited by the lack of genetic tools with which to test hypotheses about underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we report the development of a transient genetic transformation system for Bd. We used electroporation to deliver exogenous DNA into Bd cells and detected transgene expression for up to three generations under both heterologous and native promoters. We also adapted the transformation protocol for selection using an antibiotic resistance marker. Finally, we used this system to express fluorescent protein fusions and, as a proof of concept, expressed a genetically encoded probe for the actin cytoskeleton. Using live-cell imaging, we visualized the distribution and dynamics of polymerized actin at each stage of the Bd life cycle, as well as during key developmental transitions. This transformation system enables direct testing of key hypotheses regarding mechanisms of Bd pathogenesis. This technology also paves the way for answering fundamental questions of chytrid cell, developmental, and evolutionary biology.", "publicationTitle": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences", "publisher": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences", "place": "", "date": "2024-01-23", "volume": "121", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "e2317928121", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.2317928121", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2317928121", "accessDate": "2025-02-07T17:50:11Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "pnas.org (Atypon)", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Bd" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-02-07T17:50:11Z", "dateModified": "2025-02-07T17:50:21Z" } }, { "key": "8WEV8QFF", "version": 668, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 419428, "name": "BdBsalResearch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/419428/items/8WEV8QFF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch/items/8WEV8QFF", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 115811, "username": "mkoo", "name": "Michelle Koo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mkoo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Webb et al.", "parsedDate": "2024-05-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "8WEV8QFF", "version": 668, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Glutathione is required for growth and cadmium tolerance in the amphibian chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rebecca J.", "lastName": "Webb" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Catherine", "lastName": "Rush" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lee", "lastName": "Berger" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lee F.", "lastName": "Skerratt" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alexandra A.", "lastName": "Roberts" } ], "abstractNote": "Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is a lethal amphibian pathogen, partly due to its ability to evade the immune system of susceptible frog species. In many pathogenic fungi, the antioxidant glutathione is a virulence factor that helps neutralise oxidative stressors generated from host immune cells, as well as other environmental stressors such as heavy metals. The role of glutathione in stress tolerance in Bd has not been investigated. Here, we examine the changes in the glutathione pool after stress exposure and quantify the effect of glutathione depletion on cell growth and stress tolerance. Depletion of glutathione repressed growth and release of zoospores, suggesting that glutathione is essential for life cycle completion in Bd. Supplementation with <2 mM exogenous glutathione accelerated zoospore development, but concentrations >2 mM were strongly inhibitory to Bd cells. While hydrogen peroxide exposure lowered the total cellular glutathione levels by 42 %, glutathione depletion did not increase the sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide. Exposure to cadmium increased total cellular glutathione levels by 93 %. Glutathione-depleted cells were more sensitive to cadmium, and this effect was attenuated by glutathione supplementation, suggesting that glutathione plays an important role in cadmium tolerance. The effects of heat and salt were exacerbated by the addition of exogenous glutathione. The impact of glutathione levels on Bd stress sensitivity may help explain differences in host susceptibility to chytridiomycosis and may provide opportunities for synergistic therapeutics.", "publicationTitle": "Biochimie", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2024-05-01", "volume": "220", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "22-30", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Biochimie", "DOI": "10.1016/j.biochi.2023.12.002", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0300908423003164", "accessDate": "2025-02-07T17:49:54Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0300-9084", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Amphibian", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Bd" }, { "tag": "Cadmium", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Chytrid", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Glutathione", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Pathogen", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-02-07T17:49:54Z", "dateModified": "2025-02-07T17:50:01Z" } }, { "key": "MH2VKAHB", "version": 666, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 419428, "name": "BdBsalResearch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/419428/items/MH2VKAHB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch/items/MH2VKAHB", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 115811, "username": "mkoo", "name": "Michelle Koo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mkoo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Carvalho et al.", "parsedDate": "2024-04-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "MH2VKAHB", "version": 666, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Coevolution of a generalist pathogen with many hosts: the case of the amphibian chytrid Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tamilie", "lastName": "Carvalho" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Anat M", "lastName": "Belasen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L Felipe", "lastName": "Toledo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Timothy Y", "lastName": "James" } ], "abstractNote": "Generalist pathogens maintain infectivity in numerous hosts; how this broad ecological niche impacts host–pathogen coevolution remains to be widely explored. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is a highly generalist pathogenic fungus that has caused devastating declines in hundreds of amphibian species worldwide. This review examines amphibian chytridiomycosis host–pathogen interactions and available evidence for coevolution between Bd and its numerous hosts. We summarize recent evidence showing that Bd genotypes vary in geographic distribution and virulence, and that amphibian species also vary in Bd susceptibility according to their geographic distribution. How much variation can be explained by phenotypic plasticity or genetic differences remains uncertain. Recent research suggests that Bd genotypes display preferences for specific hosts and that some hosts are undergoing evolution as populations rebound from Bd outbreaks. Taken together, these findings suggest the potential for coevolution to occur and illuminate a path for addressing open questions through integrating historical and contemporary genetic data.", "publicationTitle": "Current Opinion in Microbiology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2024-04-01", "volume": "78", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "102435", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Current Opinion in Microbiology", "DOI": "10.1016/j.mib.2024.102435", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369527424000110", "accessDate": "2025-02-07T17:49:30Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1369-5274", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Coevolution of a generalist pathogen with many hosts", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Bd" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-02-07T17:49:30Z", "dateModified": "2025-02-07T17:49:43Z" } }, { "key": "KY75DUYI", "version": 678, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 419428, "name": "BdBsalResearch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/419428/items/KY75DUYI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch/items/KY75DUYI", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 115811, "username": "mkoo", "name": "Michelle Koo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mkoo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 5156532, "username": "allie128", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/allie128", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Böning et al.", "parsedDate": "2024-05-17", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "KY75DUYI", "version": 678, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Alpine salamanders at risk? The current status of an emerging fungal pathogen", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Philipp", "lastName": "Böning" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stefan", "lastName": "Lötters" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Benedetta", "lastName": "Barzaghi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marvin", "lastName": "Bock" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bobby", "lastName": "Bok" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lucio", "lastName": "Bonato" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gentile Francesco", "lastName": "Ficetola" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Florian", "lastName": "Glaser" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Josline", "lastName": "Griese" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Markus", "lastName": "Grabher" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Camille", "lastName": "Leroux" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gopikrishna", "lastName": "Munimanda" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Raoul", "lastName": "Manenti" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gerda", "lastName": "Ludwig" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Doris", "lastName": "Preininger" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mark-Oliver", "lastName": "Rödel" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sebastian", "lastName": "Seibold" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Steve", "lastName": "Smith" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Laura", "lastName": "Tiemann" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jürgen", "lastName": "Thein" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael", "lastName": "Veith" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Amadeus", "lastName": "Plewnia" } ], "abstractNote": "Amphibians globally suffer from emerging infectious diseases like chytridiomycosis caused by the continuously spreading chytrid fungi. One is Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) and its disease ‒ the ‘salamander plague’ ‒ which is lethal to several caudate taxa. Recently introduced into Western Europe, long distance dispersal of Bsal, likely through human mediation, has been reported. Herein we study if Alpine salamanders (Salamandra atra and S. lanzai) are yet affected by the salamander plague in the wild. Members of the genus Salamandra are highly susceptible to Bsal leading to the lethal disease. Moreover, ecological modelling has shown that the Alps and Dinarides, where Alpine salamanders occur, are generally suitable for Bsal. We analysed skin swabs of 818 individuals of Alpine salamanders and syntopic amphibians at 40 sites between 2017 to 2022. Further, we compiled those with published data from 319 individuals from 13 sites concluding that Bsal infections were not detected. Our results suggest that the salamander plague so far is absent from the geographic ranges of Alpine salamanders. That means that there is still a chance to timely implement surveillance strategies. Among others, we recommend prevention measures, citizen science approaches, and ex situ conservation breeding of endemic salamandrid lineages.", "publicationTitle": "PLOS ONE", "publisher": "Public Library of Science", "place": "", "date": "May 17, 2024", "volume": "19", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "e0298591", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "PLOS ONE", "DOI": "10.1371/journal.pone.0298591", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0298591", "accessDate": "2025-02-07T17:48:30Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1932-6203", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Alpine salamanders at risk?", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "PLoS Journals", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Amphibians", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Bsal" }, { "tag": "Citizen science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Europe", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Medical risk factors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Plagues", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Salamanders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Species delimitation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Species extinction", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-02-07T17:48:30Z", "dateModified": "2025-02-07T17:48:39Z" } }, { "key": "GEQSK3YB", "version": 678, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 419428, "name": "BdBsalResearch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/419428/items/GEQSK3YB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch/items/GEQSK3YB", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 115811, "username": "mkoo", "name": "Michelle Koo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mkoo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 5156532, "username": "allie128", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/allie128", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hoenig et al.", "parsedDate": "2024-11-29", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "GEQSK3YB", "version": 678, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A Simplified, CRISPR-Based Method for the Detection of Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Brandon D.", "lastName": "Hoenig" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Philipp", "lastName": "Böning" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Amadeus", "lastName": "Plewnia" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Corinne L.", "lastName": "Richards-Zawacki" } ], "abstractNote": "The fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) is one of two species (the other, B. dendrobatidis/Bd) that cause amphibian chytridiomycosis, an emerging infectious disease that has been indicated in the declines of hundreds of amphibian species worldwide. While Bd has been near globally distributed for decades, Bsal is a more recently emerged pathogen, having been identified just over a decade ago with current impacts localized to salamandrids in parts of Europe. However, because there is concern that Bsal will cause widespread declines if introduced to naïve regions—such as the Americas where the greatest diversity of salamandrids exist—it is imperative that widespread monitoring strategies be implemented to mitigate the spread of Bsal. As standard molecular diagnostic approaches—such as qPCR—tend to be expensive, time-consuming, or require specialized instrumentation and training, we have developed a simplified, rapid, CRISPR-based approach for Bsal-DNA detection. Here, we demonstrate this approach—termed FINDeM (Field-deployable, Isothermal, Nucleotide-based Detection Method)—and show that it can detect clinically relevant concentrations of Bsal DNA in under an hour using only inexpensive supplies and body-heat inducible reactions. Further, we highlight drawbacks and limitations associated with FINDeM—such as decreased DNA extraction yields and detection sensitivity when compared to more traditional approaches—and provide suggestions for additional development and future application of this method.", "publicationTitle": "EcoHealth", "publisher": "Springer US", "place": "", "date": "2024-11-29", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1-11", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "EcoHealth", "DOI": "10.1007/s10393-024-01690-x", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10393-024-01690-x", "accessDate": "2025-02-07T17:47:29Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1612-9210", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "link-springer-com.libproxy.berkeley.edu", "callNumber": "", "rights": "2024 EcoHealth Alliance", "extra": "Company: Springer\nDistributor: Springer\nInstitution: Springer\nLabel: Springer", "tags": [ { "tag": "Bsal" }, { "tag": "CRISPR" }, { "tag": "FINDeM" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-02-07T17:47:29Z", "dateModified": "2025-02-07T17:48:09Z" } }, { "key": "LHBYMNV5", "version": 678, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 419428, "name": "BdBsalResearch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/419428/items/LHBYMNV5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch/items/LHBYMNV5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 115811, "username": "mkoo", "name": "Michelle Koo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mkoo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 5156532, "username": "allie128", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/allie128", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "González et al.", "parsedDate": "2024-06-13", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "LHBYMNV5", "version": 678, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Lack of variations in the salamander chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans, at its alleged origin: Updating its Japanese distribution with new evidence", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David Lastra", "lastName": "González" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kanto", "lastName": "Nishikawa" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Koshiro", "lastName": "Eto" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Shigeharu", "lastName": "Terui" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ryo", "lastName": "Kamimura" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nuria Viñuela", "lastName": "Rodríguez" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Natsuhiko", "lastName": "Yoshikawa" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Atsushi", "lastName": "Tominaga" } ], "abstractNote": "The chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans [Bsal] is causing declines in the amphibian populations. After a decade of mapping the pathogen in Europe, where it is causing dramatic outbreaks, and North America, where its arrival would affect to the salamander’s biodiversity hotspot, little is known about its current status in Asia, from presumably is native. Japan has several species considered as potential carriers, but no regulation is implemented against Bsal spreading. Previous Bsal known presence detected various cases on the Okinawa Island, southwestern Japan. Previous studies on its sister species, B. dendrobatidis presented a high genomic variation in this area and particularly on Cynops ensicauda. Here, we have done the largest monitoring to date in Japan on the Cynops genus, focusing on Okinawa Island and updating its distribution and providing more information to unravel the still unknown origin of Bsal. Interestingly, we have provided revealing facts about different detectability depending on the used molecular techniques and changes in its Japanese distribution. All in all, the Bsal presence in Japan, together with its low variability in the sequenced amplicons, and the lack of apparent mortalities, may indicate that this part of Asia has a high diversity of chytrids.", "publicationTitle": "PLOS ONE", "publisher": "Public Library of Science", "place": "", "date": "Jun 13, 2024", "volume": "19", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "e0305228", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "PLOS ONE", "DOI": "10.1371/journal.pone.0305228", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0305228", "accessDate": "2025-02-07T17:46:50Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1932-6203", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Lack of variations in the salamander chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans, at its alleged origin", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "PLoS Journals", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Amphibians", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Bsal" }, { "tag": "Fungal pathogens", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fungi", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Host-pathogen interactions", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Islands", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Japan", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Polymerase chain reaction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Salamanders", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-02-07T17:46:50Z", "dateModified": "2025-02-07T17:46:57Z" } }, { "key": "FQH9Z4SV", "version": 678, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 419428, "name": "BdBsalResearch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/419428/items/FQH9Z4SV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch/items/FQH9Z4SV", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 115811, "username": "mkoo", "name": "Michelle Koo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mkoo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 5156532, "username": "allie128", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/allie128", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Wacker et al.", "parsedDate": "2024-05-23", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "FQH9Z4SV", "version": 678, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Genome variation in the Batrachochytrium pathogens of amphibians", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Theresa", "lastName": "Wacker" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nicolas", "lastName": "Helmstetter" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David J.", "lastName": "Studholme" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rhys A.", "lastName": "Farrer" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "PLOS Pathogens", "publisher": "Public Library of Science", "place": "", "date": "May 23, 2024", "volume": "20", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "e1012218", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "PLOS Pathogens", "DOI": "10.1371/journal.ppat.1012218", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1012218", "accessDate": "2025-02-07T17:46:08Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1553-7374", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "PLoS Journals", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Amphibian genomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Amphibians", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Bd" }, { "tag": "Bsal" }, { "tag": "Evolutionary genetics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fungal evolution", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fungal pathogens", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Genome evolution", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Genomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Metalloproteases", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-02-07T17:46:08Z", "dateModified": "2025-02-07T17:46:23Z" } }, { "key": "DB3LHMET", "version": 678, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 419428, "name": "BdBsalResearch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/419428/items/DB3LHMET", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch/items/DB3LHMET", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 115811, "username": "mkoo", "name": "Michelle Koo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mkoo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 5156532, "username": "allie128", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/allie128", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kelly et al.", "parsedDate": "2024-10-16", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "DB3LHMET", "version": 678, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "High phenotypic diversity correlated with genomic variation across the European Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans epizootic", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Moira", "lastName": "Kelly" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christina A.", "lastName": "Cuomo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Wouter", "lastName": "Beukema" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Salvador", "lastName": "Carranza" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jesse", "lastName": "Erens" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marleen", "lastName": "Foubert" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Zhimin", "lastName": "Li" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stefan", "lastName": "Lötters" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Vanessa", "lastName": "Schulz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sebastian", "lastName": "Steinfartz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sarah Van", "lastName": "Praet" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael", "lastName": "Veith" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Frank", "lastName": "Pasmans" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "An", "lastName": "Martel" } ], "abstractNote": "Recognizing the influence of pathogen diversity on infection dynamics is crucial for mitigating emerging infectious diseases. Characterising such diversity is often complex, for instance when multiple pathogen variants exist that interact differently with the environment and host. Here, we explore genotypic and phenotypic variation of Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal), an emerging fungal pathogen that is driving declines among an increasing number of European amphibian species. For thirteen isolates, spanning most of the known temporal and geographical Bsal range in Europe, we mapped phenotypic diversity through numerous measurements that describe varying reproductive rates in vitro across a range of temperatures. Bsal isolates are revealed to have different thermal optima and tolerances, with phenotypic variation correlating with genomic diversity. Using a mechanistic niche model of the fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) as an example, we illustrate how host steady-state body temperature and Bsal thermal range variation may influence pathogen growth through space and time across Europe. Our combined findings show how the identity of emergent pathogen variants may strongly influence when and which host populations are most at risk.", "publicationTitle": "PLOS Pathogens", "publisher": "Public Library of Science", "place": "", "date": "Oct 16, 2024", "volume": "20", "issue": "10", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "e1012579", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "PLOS Pathogens", "DOI": "10.1371/journal.ppat.1012579", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1012579", "accessDate": "2025-02-07T17:44:56Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1553-7374", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "PLoS Journals", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Amphibian genomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Amphibians", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Body temperature", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Bsal" }, { "tag": "Europe", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fecundity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fungal pathogens", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Principal component analysis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Salamanders", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-02-07T17:44:56Z", "dateModified": "2025-02-07T17:45:56Z" } }, { "key": "G6UCI7AV", "version": 652, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 419428, "name": "BdBsalResearch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/419428/items/G6UCI7AV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch/items/G6UCI7AV", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 115811, "username": "mkoo", "name": "Michelle Koo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mkoo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Romano et al.", "parsedDate": "2024-11-29", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "G6UCI7AV", "version": 652, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Screening for Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans in a population of Golden Alpine Salamanders at the edge of their distribution range", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Antonio", "lastName": "Romano" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Emma", "lastName": "Centomo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lorenzo", "lastName": "Dondero" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Elena", "lastName": "Grasselli" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Paolo", "lastName": "Pedrini" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Luca", "lastName": "Roner" } ], "abstractNote": "Amphibian populations worldwide are experiencing significant declines, highlighting a critical aspect of the broader biodiversity crisis. Approximately 43% of all amphibian species are facing extinction due to factors such as habitat loss, pollution, climate change, and emerging diseases. The chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) represents one of the major threats, because it is particularly dangerous for European salamanders. Southern Europe is especially vulnerable due to the presence of numerous endemic salamander species. Despite the risks, few studies have screened Italian salamanders for Bsal. We conducted a Bsal screening on 44 Golden Alpine Salamanders (Salamandra atra aurorae) from the Vezzena plateau in the Trentino-Alto Adige region (Northern Italy). Our molecular analysis of skin swabs revealed no presence of Bsal in any of the 44 specimens examined. Additionally, no macroscopic signs of Bsal-related skin damage were observed. The absence of Bsal in our samples is encouraging, suggesting that the investigated sites are currently unaffected by this pathogen. This finding aligns with other studies reporting no evidence of Bsal in Italy. Future research should explore the factors contributing to the absence of Bsal and the effectiveness of current conservation practices. While our findings are reassuring, the threat of Bsal remains a critical concern. Continued vigilance and enhanced conservation efforts are essential to protect salamander diversity and ensure the long-term survival of these important amphibian populations.", "publicationTitle": "Acta Herpetologica", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2024-11-29", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.36253/a_h-16272", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://oaj.fupress.net/index.php/ah/article/view/16272", "accessDate": "2025-02-07T17:44:39Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1827-9643", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "oaj.fupress.net", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Copyright (c) 2024 Antonio Romano, Emma Centomo, Lorenzo Dondero, Elena Grasselli, Paolo Pedrini, Luca Roner", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Amphibians", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Bsal" }, { "tag": "Chytridiomycosis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Conservation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Endemic taxon", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Threats", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-02-07T17:44:39Z", "dateModified": "2025-02-07T17:44:46Z" } }, { "key": "M6HYZ72W", "version": 678, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 419428, "name": "BdBsalResearch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/419428/items/M6HYZ72W", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch/items/M6HYZ72W", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 115811, "username": "mkoo", "name": "Michelle Koo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mkoo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 5156532, "username": "allie128", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/allie128", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Olson et al.", "parsedDate": "2024-03-06", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "M6HYZ72W", "version": 678, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Preparing for a Bsal invasion into North America has improved multi-sector readiness", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Deanna H.", "lastName": "Olson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Evan H. Campbell", "lastName": "Grant" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Molly", "lastName": "Bletz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jonah", "lastName": "Piovia-Scott" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David", "lastName": "Lesbarrères" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jacob L.", "lastName": "Kerby" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael J.", "lastName": "Adams" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Maria Florencia", "lastName": "Breitman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michelle R.", "lastName": "Christman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "María J.", "lastName": "Forzán" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Matthew J.", "lastName": "Gray" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Aubree J.", "lastName": "Hill" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michelle S.", "lastName": "Koo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Olga", "lastName": "Milenkaya" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Eria A.", "lastName": "Rebollar" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Louise A.", "lastName": "Rollins-Smith" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Megan", "lastName": "Serr" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alexander", "lastName": "Shepack" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Leonard", "lastName": "Shirose" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Laura", "lastName": "Sprague" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jenifer B.", "lastName": "Walke" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alexa R.", "lastName": "Warwick" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Brittany A.", "lastName": "Mosher" } ], "abstractNote": "

Western palearctic salamander susceptibility to the skin disease caused by the amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) was recognized in 2014, eliciting concerns for a potential novel wave of amphibian declines following the B. dendrobatidis (Bd) chytridiomycosis global pandemic. Although Bsal had not been detected in North America, initial experimental trials supported the heightened susceptibility of caudate amphibians to Bsal chytridiomycosis, recognizing the critical threat this pathogen poses to the North American salamander biodiversity hotspot. Here, we take stock of 10 years of research, collaboration, engagement, and outreach by the North American Bsal Task Force. We summarize main knowledge and conservation actions to both forestall and respond to Bsal invasion into North America. We address the questions: what have we learned; what are current challenges; and are we ready for a more effective reaction to Bsal’s eventual detection? We expect that the many contributions to preemptive planning accrued over the past decade will pay dividends in amphibian conservation effectiveness and can inform future responses to other novel wildlife diseases and extreme threats.

", "publicationTitle": "Frontiers in Amphibian and Reptile Science", "publisher": "Frontiers", "place": "", "date": "2024-03-06", "volume": "2", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Front. Amphib. Reptile Sci.", "DOI": "10.3389/famrs.2024.1347541", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/amphibian-and-reptile-science/articles/10.3389/famrs.2024.1347541/full", "accessDate": "2025-02-07T17:43:08Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "2813-6780", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "Frontiers", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Bsal", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Chytridiomycosis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Disease", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "mitigation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "salamander", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "threat", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-02-07T17:43:08Z", "dateModified": "2025-02-07T17:43:08Z" } }, { "key": "I7RF8FID", "version": 646, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 419428, "name": "BdBsalResearch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/419428/items/I7RF8FID", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch/items/I7RF8FID", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 115811, "username": "mkoo", "name": "Michelle Koo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mkoo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Chowdhury et al.", "parsedDate": "2025-02-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "I7RF8FID", "version": 646, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Fungal pathogen transmission dynamics in North American salamanders: Mathematical insights for disease management", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mohammad Mihrab", "lastName": "Chowdhury" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Matthew J.", "lastName": "Gray" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Edward Davis", "lastName": "Carter" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Douglas C.", "lastName": "Woodhams" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Julia A.", "lastName": "McCartney" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "James G.", "lastName": "Surles" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K McKensie", "lastName": "Nelms" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Hao", "lastName": "Gan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Angela", "lastName": "Peace" } ], "abstractNote": "The transmission dynamics of infectious diseases in amphibians, particularly those with multiple transmission routes, are complex and can rapidly evolve into epizootics. Here, we consider the eastern newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) and the emerging fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) as a host for amphibians and a pathogen for infectious diseases, respectively. The susceptible population can become infected by Bsal in two ways: direct contact with infected newts or by environmental zoospores. To properly depict the impact of Bsal on amphibians, we categorized the host newt population into distinct life stages: larvae, eft, and adult. Each life stage represents unique traits and habitat preferences. Considering these, we employed an interdisciplinary approach by combining mathematical modeling and laboratory experiments to explore the deterministic transmission dynamics of Bsal in amphibians. We developed a compartmental model employing a system of ordinary differential equations comprising life cycle and disease dynamics. In lab experiments, we varied temperature, initial population density, and life stages to measure the key parameters such as the contact rates among newts in aquatic and terrestrial environments, the probability of transmission upon host contact, zoospore shedding rate, zoospore degradation rate, disease-induced death rate, and incubation period. Our analysis revealed that environmental conditions, particularly temperature and density of newts, play a crucial role in influencing model parameters and disease dynamics. In all cases, adult eastern newt populations in aquatic environment approached extinction in <6 months, while eft populations in the terrestrial environment persisted. Declines were most rapid and extreme at 14 C compared to 6 C. Sensitivity analyses revealed that reducing host density, increasing zoospore degradation, and strategies that increase host immune defense will reduce Bsal invasion potential. Our results highlight the threat of Bsal to North American salamander species; however, shed new light on possible mitigation strategies if it is introduced.", "publicationTitle": "Ecological Modelling", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2025-02-01", "volume": "501", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "111028", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Ecological Modelling", "DOI": "10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2025.111028", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304380025000110", "accessDate": "2025-02-07T17:41:14Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0304-3800", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Fungal pathogen transmission dynamics in North American salamanders", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Amphibian", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Bsal" }, { "tag": "Fungal pathogen", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Infectious disease", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Laboratory experiment", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Life cycle dynamics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Mathematical model", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Pathogen loads", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Temperature", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Transmission dynamics", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-02-07T17:41:14Z", "dateModified": "2025-02-07T17:41:35Z" } }, { "key": "5UV5A4DL", "version": 679, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 419428, "name": "BdBsalResearch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/419428/items/5UV5A4DL", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch/items/5UV5A4DL", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 115811, "username": "mkoo", "name": "Michelle Koo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mkoo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 5156532, "username": "allie128", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/allie128", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Deiß et al.", "parsedDate": "2024-08", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "5UV5A4DL", "version": 679, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Microclimatic Growth Rates of Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans under Current and Future Climates: A Very High Spatial Resolution SDM for Bsal and Salamandra salamandra (Linnaeus, 1758) within Forest Habitats of the European Hotspot Area", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Felix", "lastName": "Deiß" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Philipp", "lastName": "Ginal" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dennis", "lastName": "Rödder" } ], "abstractNote": "Chytridiomycosis is one of the greatest threats to the diversity of amphibians worldwide. Caused by the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal), it plays a decisive role in species declines. Bsal is particularly harmful to the European fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra), causing ulcerations, anorexia and ataxia, which ultimately lead to death. While most studies have focused on the geographic expansion of the pathogen, there is little high-resolution information available. Therefore, we chose a three-step approach in this study: We (I) used a mechanistic distribution model to project the microclimatic growth rate of Bsal within its invasive range on a spatially very high resolution (25 m). We (II) used a correlative distribution model to predict the potential distribution of S. salamandra and (III) applied n-dimensional hypervolumes to quantify the realized microclimatic niches of both species and examine their overlaps. We estimated future trends based on comparisons among three climate scenarios, the current microclimatic conditions and a +2 °C and +4 °C global mean temperature scenario. We demonstrated that Bsal finds suitable growth conditions everywhere within our study area, thus putting S. salamandra at high risk. However, climate change could lead to less suitable thermal conditions for Bsal, possibly providing a loophole for S. salamandra.", "publicationTitle": "Diversity", "publisher": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute", "place": "", "date": "2024/8", "volume": "16", "issue": "8", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "510", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.3390/d16080510", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/16/8/510", "accessDate": "2024-11-21T19:18:28Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1424-2818", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Microclimatic Growth Rates of Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans under Current and Future Climates", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.mdpi.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/", "extra": "Number: 8", "tags": [ { "tag": "Bsal" }, { "tag": "chytrid fungus", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "chytridiomycosis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "climate change", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "fire salamander", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "mechanistic model", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "species distribution model", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2024-11-21T19:18:28Z", "dateModified": "2024-11-21T19:19:42Z" } }, { "key": "BBFEVJS3", "version": 641, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 419428, "name": "BdBsalResearch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/419428/items/BBFEVJS3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch/items/BBFEVJS3", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 115811, "username": "mkoo", "name": "Michelle Koo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mkoo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Gass and Voyles", "parsedDate": "2022-12-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BBFEVJS3", "version": 641, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "When Defenses Fail: Atelopus zeteki Skin Secretions Increase Growth of the Pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jordan", "lastName": "Gass" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jamie", "lastName": "Voyles" } ], "abstractNote": "To combat the threat of emerging infectious diseases in wildlife, ecoimmunologists seek to understand the complex interactions among pathogens, their hosts, and their shared environments. The cutaneous fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has led to the decline of innumerable amphibian species, including the Panamanian golden frog (Atelopus zeteki). Given that Bd can evade or dampen the acquired immune responses of some amphibians, nonspecific immune defenses are thought to be especially important for amphibian defenses against Bd. In particular, skin secretions constitute a vital component of amphibian innate immunity against skin infections, but their role in protecting A. zeteki from Bd is unknown. We investigated the importance of this innate immune component by reducing the skin secretions from A. zeteki and evaluating their effectiveness against Bd in vitro and in vivo. Following exposure to Bd in a controlled inoculation experiment, we compared key disease characteristics (e.g., changes in body condition, prevalence, pathogen loads, and survival) among groups of frogs that had their skin secretions reduced and control frogs that maintained their skin secretions. Surprisingly, we found that the skin secretions collected from A. zeteki increased Bd growth in vitro. This finding was further supported by infection and survival patterns in the in vivo experiment where frogs with reduced skin secretions tended to have lower pathogen loads and survive longer compared to frogs that maintained their secretions. These results suggest that the skin secretions of A. zeteki are not only ineffective at inhibiting Bd but may enhance Bd growth, possibly leading to greater severity of disease and higher mortality in this highly vulnerable species. These results differ from those of previous studies in other amphibian host species that suggest that skin secretions are a key defense in protecting amphibians from developing severe chytridiomycosis. Therefore, we suggest that the importance of immune components cannot be generalized across all amphibian species or over time. Moreover, the finding that skin secretions may be enhancing Bd growth emphasizes the importance of investigating these immune components in detail, especially for species that are a conservation priority.", "publicationTitle": "Integrative and Comparative Biology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2022-12-01", "volume": "62", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1595-1605", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Integrative and Comparative Biology", "DOI": "10.1093/icb/icac060", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icac060", "accessDate": "2024-05-28T21:20:39Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1540-7063", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "When Defenses Fail", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Silverchair", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Bd" }, { "tag": "Skin physiology" }, { "tag": "immune response" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2024-05-28T21:20:39Z", "dateModified": "2024-05-28T21:21:08Z" } }, { "key": "LGASMD5L", "version": 679, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 419428, "name": "BdBsalResearch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/419428/items/LGASMD5L", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch/items/LGASMD5L", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 115811, "username": "mkoo", "name": "Michelle Koo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mkoo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 5156532, "username": "allie128", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/allie128", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lau et al.", "parsedDate": "2023-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "LGASMD5L", "version": 679, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Conserved Evolution of MHC Supertypes among Japanese Frogs Suggests Selection for Bd Resistance", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Quintin", "lastName": "Lau" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Takeshi", "lastName": "Igawa" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tiffany A.", "lastName": "Kosch" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Anik B.", "lastName": "Dharmayanthi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lee", "lastName": "Berger" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lee F.", "lastName": "Skerratt" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Yoko", "lastName": "Satta" } ], "abstractNote": "The chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is a major threat to amphibians, yet there are no reports of major disease impacts in East Asian frogs. Genetic variation of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has been associated with resistance to Bd in frogs from East Asia and worldwide. Using transcriptomic data collated from 11 Japanese frog species (one individual per species), we isolated MHC class I and IIb sequences and validated using molecular cloning. We then compared MHC from Japanese frogs and other species worldwide, with varying Bd susceptibility. Supertyping analysis, which groups MHC alleles based on physicochemical properties of peptide binding sites, identified that all examined East Asian frogs contained at least one MHC-IIb allele belonging to supertype ST-1. This indicates that, despite the large divergence times between some Japanese frogs (up to 145 million years), particular functional properties in the peptide binding sites of MHC-II are conserved among East Asian frogs. Furthermore, preliminary analysis using NetMHCIIpan-4.0, which predicts potential Bd-peptide binding ability, suggests that MHC-IIb ST-1 and ST-2 have higher overall peptide binding ability than other supertypes, irrespective of whether the peptides are derived from Bd, other fungi, or bacteria. Our findings suggest that MHC-IIb among East Asian frogs may have co-evolved under the same selective pressure. Given that Bd originated in this region, it may be a major driver of MHC evolution in East Asian frogs.", "publicationTitle": "Animals", "publisher": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute", "place": "", "date": "2023/1", "volume": "13", "issue": "13", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "2121", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.3390/ani13132121", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/13/2121", "accessDate": "2024-05-28T21:17:37Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "2076-2615", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.mdpi.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/", "extra": "Number: 13", "tags": [ { "tag": "Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Bd" }, { "tag": "MHC peptide binding", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "MHC supertyping", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "NetMHCIIpan", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "anuran", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "chytrid fungus", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "major histocompatibility complex", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2024-05-28T21:17:37Z", "dateModified": "2024-05-28T21:17:48Z" } }, { "key": "DVBZN7H6", "version": 679, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 419428, "name": "BdBsalResearch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/419428/items/DVBZN7H6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch/items/DVBZN7H6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 115811, "username": "mkoo", "name": "Michelle Koo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mkoo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 5156532, "username": "allie128", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/allie128", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Erens et al.", "parsedDate": "2023-09-27", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "DVBZN7H6", "version": 679, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Divergent population responses following salamander mass mortalities and declines driven by the emerging pathogen Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jesse", "lastName": "Erens" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kathleen", "lastName": "Preissler" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jeroen", "lastName": "Speybroeck" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Wouter", "lastName": "Beukema" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Annemarieke", "lastName": "Spitzen-van der Sluijs" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tariq", "lastName": "Stark" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Arnaud", "lastName": "Laudelout" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Thierry", "lastName": "Kinet" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Benedikt R.", "lastName": "Schmidt" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "An", "lastName": "Martel" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sebastian", "lastName": "Steinfartz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Frank", "lastName": "Pasmans" } ], "abstractNote": "Understanding wildlife responses to novel threats is vital in counteracting biodiversity loss. The emerging pathogen Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) causes dramatic declines in European salamander populations, and is considered an imminent threat to global amphibian biodiversity. However, real-life disease outcomes remain largely uncharacterized. We performed a multidisciplinary assessment of the longer-term impacts of Bsal on highly susceptible fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) populations, by comparing four of the earliest known outbreak sites to uninfected sites. Based on large-scale monitoring efforts, we found population persistence in strongly reduced abundances to over a decade after Bsal invasion, but also the extinction of an initially small-sized population. In turn, we found that host responses varied, and Bsal detection remained low, within surviving populations. Demographic analyses indicated an ongoing scarcity of large reproductive adults with potential for recruitment failure, while spatial comparisons indicated a population remnant persisting within aberrant habitat. Additionally, we detected no early signs of severe genetic deterioration, yet nor of increased host resistance. Beyond offering additional context to Bsal-driven salamander declines, results highlight how the impacts of emerging hypervirulent pathogens can be unpredictable and vary across different levels of biological complexity, and how limited pathogen detectability after population declines may complicate surveillance efforts.", "publicationTitle": "Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences", "publisher": "Royal Society", "place": "", "date": "2023-09-27", "volume": "290", "issue": "2007", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "20230510", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1098/rspb.2023.0510", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2023.0510", "accessDate": "2024-05-28T21:16:53Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "royalsocietypublishing.org (Atypon)", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Bsal" }, { "tag": "amphibian", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "chytridiomycosis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "host extinction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "impact", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "population persistence", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "survival", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2024-05-28T21:16:53Z", "dateModified": "2024-05-28T21:17:11Z" } }, { "key": "UY84QPWY", "version": 679, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 419428, "name": "BdBsalResearch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/419428/items/UY84QPWY", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch/items/UY84QPWY", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 115811, "username": "mkoo", "name": "Michelle Koo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mkoo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 5156532, "username": "allie128", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/allie128", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Gray et al.", "parsedDate": "2023-06-05", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "UY84QPWY", "version": 679, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Broad host susceptibility of North American amphibian species to Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans suggests high invasion potential and biodiversity risk", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Matthew J.", "lastName": "Gray" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Edward Davis", "lastName": "Carter" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jonah", "lastName": "Piovia-Scott" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J. Patrick W.", "lastName": "Cusaac" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Anna C.", "lastName": "Peterson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ross D.", "lastName": "Whetstone" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Andreas", "lastName": "Hertz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Aura Y.", "lastName": "Muniz-Torres" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Molly C.", "lastName": "Bletz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Douglas C.", "lastName": "Woodhams" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John M.", "lastName": "Romansic" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "William B.", "lastName": "Sutton" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Wesley", "lastName": "Sheley" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Allan", "lastName": "Pessier" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Catherine D.", "lastName": "McCusker" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mark Q.", "lastName": "Wilber" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Debra L.", "lastName": "Miller" } ], "abstractNote": "Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) is a fungal pathogen of amphibians that is emerging in Europe and could be introduced to North America through international trade or other pathways. To evaluate the risk of Bsal invasion to amphibian biodiversity, we performed dose-response experiments on 35 North American species from 10 families, including larvae from five species. We discovered that Bsal caused infection in 74% and mortality in 35% of species tested. Both salamanders and frogs became infected and developed Bsal chytridiomycosis. Based on our host susceptibility results, environmental suitability conditions for Bsal, and geographic ranges of salamanders in the United States, predicted biodiversity loss is expected to be greatest in the Appalachian Region and along the West Coast. Indices of infection and disease susceptibility suggest that North American amphibian species span a spectrum of vulnerability to Bsal chytridiomycosis and most amphibian communities will include an assemblage of resistant, carrier, and amplification species. Predicted salamander losses could exceed 80 species in the United States and 140 species in North America.", "publicationTitle": "Nature Communications", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "place": "", "date": "2023-06-05", "volume": "14", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "3270", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Nat Commun", "DOI": "10.1038/s41467-023-38979-4", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-38979-4", "accessDate": "2024-05-28T21:15:41Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "2041-1723", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.nature.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "2023 The Author(s)", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Bsal" }, { "tag": "Conservation biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Ecological epidemiology", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2024-05-28T21:15:41Z", "dateModified": "2024-05-28T21:15:52Z" } }, { "key": "EV8ERPK7", "version": 679, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 419428, "name": "BdBsalResearch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/419428/items/EV8ERPK7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch/items/EV8ERPK7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 115811, "username": "mkoo", "name": "Michelle Koo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mkoo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 5156532, "username": "allie128", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/allie128", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Longo et al.", "parsedDate": "2023-06-12", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "EV8ERPK7", "version": 679, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Evolutionary ecology of host competence after a chytrid outbreak in a naive amphibian community", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ana V.", "lastName": "Longo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Karen R.", "lastName": "Lips" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kelly R.", "lastName": "Zamudio" } ], "abstractNote": "Naive multi-host communities include species that may differentially maintain, transmit and amplify novel pathogens; therefore, we expect species to fill distinct roles during infectious disease emergence. Characterizing these roles in wildlife communities is challenging because most disease emergence events are unpredictable. Here, we used field-collected data to investigate how species-specific attributes influenced the degree of exposure, probability of infection, and pathogen intensity, during the emergence of the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) in a highly diverse tropical amphibian community. Our findings confirmed that ecological traits commonly evaluated as correlates of decline were positively associated with infection prevalence and intensity at the species level during the outbreak. We identified key hosts that disproportionally contributed to transmission dynamics in this community and found a signature of phylogenetic history in disease responses associated with increased pathogen exposure via shared life-history traits. Our findings establish a framework that could be applied in conservation efforts to identify key species driving disease dynamics under enzootics before reintroducing amphibians back into their original communities. Reintroductions of supersensitive hosts that are unable to overcome infections will limit the success of conservation programmes by amplifying the disease at the community level.\n\nThis article is part of the theme issue ‘Amphibian immunity: stress, disease and ecoimmunology’.", "publicationTitle": "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences", "publisher": "Royal Society", "place": "", "date": "2023-06-12", "volume": "378", "issue": "1882", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "20220130", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1098/rstb.2022.0130", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rstb.2022.0130", "accessDate": "2024-05-28T21:15:07Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "royalsocietypublishing.org (Atypon)", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Bd" }, { "tag": "community-level disease dynamics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "key hosts", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "species traits", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2024-05-28T21:15:07Z", "dateModified": "2024-05-28T21:15:22Z" } }, { "key": "IY8ENNWI", "version": 679, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 419428, "name": "BdBsalResearch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/419428/items/IY8ENNWI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch/items/IY8ENNWI", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 115811, "username": "mkoo", "name": "Michelle Koo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mkoo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 5156532, "username": "allie128", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/allie128", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "McGrath-Blaser et al.", "parsedDate": "2024-04-17", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "IY8ENNWI", "version": 679, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Invasibility of a North American soil ecosystem to amphibian-killing fungal pathogens", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sarah E.", "lastName": "McGrath-Blaser" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Natalie", "lastName": "McGathey" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Allison", "lastName": "Pardon" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Arik M.", "lastName": "Hartmann" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ana V.", "lastName": "Longo" } ], "abstractNote": "North American salamanders are threatened by intercontinental spread of chytridiomycosis, a deadly disease caused by the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal). To predict potential dispersal of Bsal spores to salamander habitats, we evaluated the capacity of soil microbial communities to resist invasion. We determined the degree of habitat invasibility using soils from five locations throughout the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, a region with a high abundance of susceptible hosts. Our experimental design consisted of replicate soil microcosms exposed to different propagule pressures of the non-native pathogen, Bsal, and an introduced but endemic pathogen, B. dendrobatidis (Bd). To compare growth and competitive interactions, we used quantitative PCR, live/dead cell viability assays, and full-length 16S rRNA sequencing. We found that soil microcosms with intact bacterial communities inhibited both Bsal and Bd growth, but inhibitory capacity diminished with increased propagule pressure. Bsal showed greater persistence than Bd. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) identified the family Burkolderiaceae as increasing in relative abundance with the decline of both pathogens. Although our findings provide evidence of environmental filtering in soils, such barriers weakened in response to pathogen type and propagule pressure, showing that habitats vary their invasibility based on properties of their local microbial communities.", "publicationTitle": "Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences", "publisher": "Royal Society", "place": "", "date": "2024-04-17", "volume": "291", "issue": "2021", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "20232658", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1098/rspb.2023.2658", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2023.2658", "accessDate": "2024-05-28T21:14:26Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "royalsocietypublishing.org (Atypon)", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Bd" }, { "tag": "Bsal" }, { "tag": "Smoky Mountains", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "fungi", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "invasion", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2024-05-28T21:14:26Z", "dateModified": "2024-05-28T21:14:40Z" } }, { "key": "IK4ENEK3", "version": 627, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 419428, "name": "BdBsalResearch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/419428/items/IK4ENEK3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch/items/IK4ENEK3", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 115811, "username": "mkoo", "name": "Michelle Koo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mkoo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Basanta et al.", "parsedDate": "2022", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "IK4ENEK3", "version": 627, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Metamorphosis and seasonality are major determinants of chytrid infection in a paedomorphic salamander", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. D.", "lastName": "Basanta" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S. L.", "lastName": "Anaya-Morales" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E.", "lastName": "Martínez-Ugalde" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T. M.", "lastName": "González Martínez" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "V. D.", "lastName": "Ávila-Akerberg" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. V.", "lastName": "Trejo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E. A.", "lastName": "Rebollar" } ], "abstractNote": "Chytridiomycosis, an emerging disease caused mostly by the pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, has caused massive amphibian population declines and extinctions worldwide. The ecology of this disease is mainly explained by the interaction of environmental factors, pathogen biology, and host traits including development. For paedomorphic salamanders, differences in B. dendrobatidis infection may be explained by metamorphosis and water physicochemical conditions. In this study, we aimed to determine the influence of environmental and host factors on B. dendrobatidis prevalence and infection intensity in the facultative paedomorphic salamander Ambystoma altamirani. We determined B. dendrobatidis prevalence and infection load in four populations of A. altamirani along 1 year (four seasons) and assessed their relationship with environmental factors and host metamorphic status (gilled or non-gilled). We found that B. dendrobatidis prevalence and infection load are largely explained by metamorphic status and environmental factors such as elevation, seasonality, water temperature, pH, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen. To our knowledge, this is the first study to empirically show the effect of metamorphosis on B. dendrobatidis infection status across locations and seasons. This information may be used to understand the temporal dynamics of B. dendrobatidis–host interactions and to identify potential disease outbreaks that may cause cryptic sublethal effects on salamander populations. Our results will help in the development of conservation strategies for paedomorphic salamanders that are already considered threatened by anthropogenic factors such as habitat loss and climate change.", "publicationTitle": "Animal Conservation", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2022", "volume": "n/a", "issue": "n/a", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1111/acv.12824", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/acv.12824", "accessDate": "2023-02-13T19:51:17Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1469-1795", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/acv.12824", "tags": [ { "tag": "B. dendrobatidis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Bd" }, { "tag": "amphibian diseases", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "chytridiomycosis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "paedomorphic salamanders", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2023-02-13T19:51:17Z", "dateModified": "2023-02-13T20:11:54Z" } }, { "key": "X6KVCBL2", "version": 626, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 419428, "name": "BdBsalResearch", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/419428/items/X6KVCBL2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/bdbsalresearch/items/X6KVCBL2", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 115811, "username": "mkoo", "name": "Michelle Koo", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mkoo", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bolom-Huet et al.", "parsedDate": "2022", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "X6KVCBL2", "version": 626, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Chytrid prevalence and infection intensity in treefrogs from three environments with different degrees of conservation in Mexico", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "René", "lastName": "Bolom-Huet" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Eduardo", "lastName": "Pineda" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Antonio", "lastName": "Andrade-Torres" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Francisco", "lastName": "Díaz-Fleischer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Antonio L.", "lastName": "Muñoz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jorge", "lastName": "Galindo-González" } ], "abstractNote": "Chytridiomycosis, caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has been related to rapid population declines and extinction in amphibians around the world. Bd has been associated with a severe decline in amphibian populations in southern Mexico. We compare the prevalence and intensity of Bd infection in two tree frogs in southern Mexico with similar life habits (Plectrohyla matudai and Ptychohyla euthysanota), inquiring if they differ across habitat types with different degrees of disturbance: preserved cloud forest, secondary cloud forest and anthropized riparian vegetation, and across three seasons. We examine the relationship between infection prevalence and intensity with biotic and abiotic variables. Infection prevalence differed between the two species, but not among environments, despite their similar life habits. Among seasons, prevalence decreased significantly at the end of the rainy season. There was no indication of significant changes in infection intensity between species, environments, and seasons. Moreover, the interaction among extrinsic factors (canopy cover, temperature, relative humidity) and factors intrinsic factors (body condition) explains the dynamics of Bd infection in the region. In our sample, we found no disease-affected individuals, which may indicate that both species are resistant to the effects of the pathogen under field conditions. Finally, our results found no evidence to indicate that open canopies and anthropized habitats of the Sierra Madre de Chiapas are a refuge that prevents high prevalence or infection of Bd in stream breeders' amphibians. Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.", "publicationTitle": "Biotropica", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2022", "volume": "n/a", "issue": "n/a", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1111/btp.13186", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/btp.13186", "accessDate": "2023-02-13T19:53:12Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1744-7429", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/btp.13186", "tags": [ { "tag": "Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Bd" }, { "tag": "Chiapas", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Hylidae", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Mesoamerica", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Plectrohyla matudai", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "amphibian", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "chytridiomycosis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cloud forest", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2023-02-13T19:53:12Z", "dateModified": "2023-02-13T20:11:42Z" } } ]