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            "creatorSummary": "Periasamy et al.",
            "parsedDate": "2011",
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        "data": {
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            "version": 30,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Toluidine blue adsorbed on alcohol dehydrogenase modified glassy carbon electrode for voltammetric determination of ethanol",
            "creators": [
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Arun Prakash",
                    "lastName": "Periasamy"
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                    "firstName": "Yogeswaran",
                    "lastName": "Umasankar"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Shen-Ming",
                    "lastName": "Chen"
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            "abstractNote": "A novel toluidine blue O (TBO) adsorbed alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) biocomposite film have been prepared through simple adsorption technique with the help of electrostatic interaction between oppositely charged layers. Nafion (NF) coating was made on top of the biocomposite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to protect ADH from leaching. The fabricated ADH/TBO/NF biocomposite electrode remains highly stable in the pH range from 4 to 13. More facile electron transfer process occurs at ADH/TBO/NF biocomposite than at TBO/NF film, which is obvious from the six folds increase in k(s) value. Maximum surface coverage concentration (Γ) of TBO is noticed at ADH/TBO/NF film, which is 82% higher than at TBO/NF and 15% higher than at ADH/TBO film modified GCEs. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies reveal that ADH has been well immobilized in the biocomposite film. Scanning electron microscopy studies confirm the discriminate surface morphology of various components present in the biocomposite film. Cyclic voltammetry studies validate that ADH/TBO/NF biocomposite film exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity for ethanol oxidation at low over potential (I(pa)=-0.14 V). The same studies show biocomposite film possesses a good sensitivity of 7.91 μAM(-1)cm(-2) for ethanol determination. This above sensitivity value is 17.40% higher than the sensitivity obtained for TBO/NF film (6.74 μAM(-1)cm(-2)). Further, using differential pulse voltammetry, a sensitivity of 1.70 μAM(-1)cm(-2) has been achieved for ADH/TBO/NF biocomposite film.",
            "publicationTitle": "Talanta",
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            "date": "2011",
            "volume": "83",
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            "pages": "930-6",
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            "DOI": "10.1016/j.talanta.2010.10.058",
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            "tags": [
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                    "tag": "Alcohol Dehydrogenase -- chemistry",
                    "type": 1
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                    "tag": "Biosensing Techniques -- methods",
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                {
                    "tag": "Carbon -- chemistry",
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                {
                    "tag": "Ethanol -- analysis",
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                    "tag": "Glass -- chemistry",
                    "type": 1
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                {
                    "tag": "Tolonium Chloride -- chemistry",
                    "type": 1
                }
            ],
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            "title": "Reverse-biomineralization assembly of acid-sensitive biomimetic fibers for hard tissue engineering and drug delivery",
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                    "firstName": "Chengfang",
                    "lastName": "Tan"
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Zhihui",
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                    "firstName": "Youliang",
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                    "firstName": "Xuesi",
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Xingdong",
                    "lastName": "Zhang"
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            "abstractNote": "Biomimetic design and fabrication of tissue-engineered bone scaffolds that not only resemble natural bone in structure and performance, but also are endowed with specific functions, e.g. , for drug delivery, are always an exciting research area. Herein, we report a kind of doxorubicin hydrochloride-loaded biomimetic ultrathin fiber, which is synthesized by preparing a kind of nanoporous bioactive glass fiber as a drug/protein carrier and bio-template and combining them in a reverse-biomineralization reaction. Protein adsorption experiments demonstrate that bovine serum albumin can be hosted in open large nanopores of bioactive glass fibers and the adsorption mechanism follows the intraparticle diffusion process. Biomineralization shows that proteins and drugs can be integrated at the nanoscale into minerals to form biomimetic and drug-loaded fibers, and the formation of such fibers depends on the functional ion (Ca, P, and Si) release of bioactive glass fibers and electrostatic interaction among bioactive glass fibers, proteins, and drugs. The drug-loaded composite fibers demonstrate bare homogeneous solid matrices in the fiber interior and surfaces upon which amorphous carbonated apatite resides. The drug release profiles show that the as-synthesized fibers are acid-sensitive and drugs can be released at pH 5, but not at neutral pH 7.4. Because of their structural advantages and the characteristics of acid-sensitive drug release, the biomimetic fibers have potential applications for repairing the bone defects resulting from tumour extirpation.",
            "publicationTitle": "Journal of Materials Chemistry B",
            "publisher": "",
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            "date": "2013",
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            "creatorSummary": "Tang et al.",
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            "version": 30,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Investigating the Adsorption of a Porphyrin at the Glass/Water Interface in the Presence of a Cationic Surfactant Below the Critical Micelle Concentration",
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Yao-Ji",
                    "lastName": "Tang"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Ying",
                    "lastName": "Chen"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Min-Na",
                    "lastName": "Yao"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Zhe-Xiang",
                    "lastName": "Zou"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Guo-Bin",
                    "lastName": "Han"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Yao-Qun",
                    "lastName": "Li"
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            ],
            "abstractNote": "Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) spectroscopy was used to investigate the adsorption behavior of meso-tetrakis( p -sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (TPPS) at the glass/water interface in the presence of a cationic surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB) far below the critical micelle concentration. The adsorption model of TPPS at the glass/water interface in the presence of low concentration of CTAB was proposed, which was different from the adsorption of TPPS in the presence of micelles of CTAB at the glass/water interface. TPPS and CTAB did not form stable complex at the interface in dilute system. The interfacial species of TPPS were analyzed by comparing the spectra of TPPS at the glass/water interface and in the aqueous phase. The influences of the TPPS concentration, the CTAB concentration, and the pH values on the interfacial fluorescence spectra and intensities were studied. It was demonstrated that electrostatic interaction and hydrophobicity performed an important role on the adsorption of TPPS in the presence of CTAB. The different effects of TPPS concentration on the adsorption behaviour of TPPS at different pH were observed for the first time. It was found that the adsorption isotherms of TPPS at glass/water interface could fit Freundlich equation at pH 7.1.",
            "publicationTitle": "Journal of Fluorescence",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2008",
            "volume": "18",
            "issue": "2",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
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            "pages": "261–267",
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            "DOI": "10.1007/s10895-007-0248-3",
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                    "tag": "Adsorption",
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                    "tag": "Interface",
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                    "tag": "Porphyrin",
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                {
                    "tag": "Total internal reflection fluorescence",
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            "creatorSummary": "Ghosh et al.",
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            "version": 30,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "A novel third generation uric acid biosensor using uricase electro-activated with ferrocene on a Nafion coated glassy carbon electrode",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Tanushree",
                    "lastName": "Ghosh"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Priyabrata",
                    "lastName": "Sarkar"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Anthony P. F.",
                    "lastName": "Turner"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "A new uric acid biosensor was constructed using ferrocene (Fc) induced electro-activated uricase (UOx) deposited within Nafion (Naf) on glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Electro-activation of UOx was successfully achieved by cyclic voltammetry through the electrostatic interaction of Fc with Trp residues within the hydrophobic pockets in UOx. The Naf/UOx/Fc composite was characterised by AFM, FTIR and EDX to ensure proper immobilisation. The interaction of Fc with the enzyme was analysed by Trp fluorescence spectroscopy and the α-helicity of the protein was measured by CD spectropolarimetry. The charge transfer resistance (Rct), calculated from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, for the modified sensor was lowered (1.39 kΩ) and the enzyme efficiency was enhanced by more than two fold as a result of Fc incorporation. Cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and amperometry all demonstrated the excellent response of the Naf/UOx/Fc/GCE biosensor to uric acid. The sensor system generated a linear response over a range of 500 nM to 600 μM UA, with a sensitivity and limit of detection of 1.78 μA μM(-1) and 230 nM, respectively. The heterogeneous rate constant (ks) for UA oxidation was much higher for Naf/UOx/Fc/GCE (1.0 × 10(-4) cm s(-1)) than for Naf/UOx/GCE (8.2 × 10(-5) cm s(-1)). Real samples, i.e. human blood, were tested for serum UA and the sensor yielded accurate results at a 95% confidence limit.",
            "publicationTitle": "Bioelectrochemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands)",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2015",
            "volume": "102",
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            "pages": "1-9",
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            "DOI": "10.1016/j.bioelechem.2014.11.001",
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                {
                    "tag": "Cyclic voltammetry",
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                {
                    "tag": "Differential Pulse Voltammetry",
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                {
                    "tag": "Ferrocene",
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                {
                    "tag": "Ferrous Compounds -- chemistry",
                    "type": 1
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                {
                    "tag": "Fluorocarbon Polymers -- chemistry",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Glass -- chemistry",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Urate Oxidase -- metabolism",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Uric Acid -- analysis",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Uric acid",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Uricase",
                    "type": 1
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            ],
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            "creatorSummary": "Promnimit and Dutta",
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            "version": 30,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Self-organization of colloidal nanoparticles into functional pressure sensing device",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Sujira",
                    "lastName": "Promnimit"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Joydeep",
                    "lastName": "Dutta"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "In this work, we report the multilayer thin film device for pressure sensing based on self-organized colloidal nanoparticles through the Layer-by-Layer (LbL) technique. The method in which macromolecules and nanoparticles are self-organized into assemblies to create novel nanostructures is receiving increasing research attention. Nanoparticles based multilayer thin films through the LbL self assembly process relies on electrostatic interaction of charged nanoparticles on flat substrates are reported as an interesting alternative for the fabrication of electronic devices.3 These electronic devices composed of alternating chitosan capped zinc sulphide nanoparticles layers and citrate stabilized gold nanoparticles layers onto ITO coated glass substrates. The multilayered assemblies, attached to the surface by strong ionic bonds, were highly stable and could not be removed by moderate scratching. The multilayer films can be applied to detect pressure with satisfactory results where the conduction onset voltage decreases linearly with the applied pressure. Current voltage (I-V) characteristics were measured at room temperature in direct current mode in samples grown with varying number of deposition cycles, which are directly related to the number of multilayers grown on the substrate. It is a promising method for the future of pressure sensing device fabrication.",
            "publicationTitle": "Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology",
            "publisher": "",
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            "date": "2012",
            "volume": "12",
            "issue": "10",
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            "language": "eng",
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            "creatorSummary": "Wang et al.",
            "parsedDate": "2009",
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        "data": {
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            "version": 30,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Electrochemistry of single-walled carbon nanotubes-viologen composites on the glass carbon electrodes",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Xu",
                    "lastName": "Wang"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Bing",
                    "lastName": "Liu"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Meng",
                    "lastName": "Chen"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Dong-Jin",
                    "lastName": "Qian"
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            ],
            "abstractNote": "Nafion-carbon nanotubes-viologen composites have been immobilized on glass carbon electrode surfaces. The mixtures of Nafion-carbon nanotubes could largely stabilize the viologen-modified films due to their strong adhesion on the electrode surface and the intermolecular electrostatic interaction between Nation (carbon nanotubes) and viologens. Voltammetric measurements revealed well reversible redox couples corresponding to the viologen groups. The potential differences DeltaEp and the product of De(1/2)C were closely dependant on the substituent groups of the viologens co-assembled.",
            "publicationTitle": "Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2009",
            "volume": "9",
            "issue": "2",
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            "abstractNote": "The attachment of fibrinogen on the bioactive glass surface is investigated by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The β-sheet/β-turn ratio estimated from the deconvolution of the amide I band of adsorbed fibrinogen indicates a good biocompatibility of the substrate. In vitro study shows the bioactive character of bioactive glass with attached fibrinogen, and at the same time severe conformational changes in secondary structures of the adsorbed fibrinogen molecules were identified. These changes were found to be determined by electrostatic interaction between the positive charged site of the protein and negative charges on bioactive glass surface, and, by interaction between protein carboxyls and, the phosphate and calcium ions from simulated body fluid (SBF). The most pronounced conformational modifications were observed in the first three days of immersion in SBF; after seven days of immersion these changes were attenuated. FT-IR imaging measurements were also performed to understand the role played by the attached fibrinogen on the hydroxyapatite (HA) layer formation on the glass surface. The HA layer was observed during the first days in relation to the sample without fibrinogen.",
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            "title": "Adhesion behavior of marine benthic diatom Nitzschia closterium MMDL533 on cationically modified phosphorylcholine copolymer films",
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            "abstractNote": "Surfaces of cationically modified zwitterionic phosphorylcholine (PC) copolymer prepared by spin coating were characterized by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), atomic force microscopy, and water contact angle. The obtained PC films bearing cationic charge densities were used to investigate the effect of electrostatic interactions on the adhesion behavior of marine fouling diatom MMDL533. Results show that the settlement of . MMDL533 cells increases with the positive choline fragment contents in the copolymers. Upon exposure to 8.5‐Pa wall shear stress for 2 minutes, the percentage removals of the settled cells on choline containing films were significantly lower than those on the neutral PC1036 films, indicating that the electrostatic attraction between MMDL533 cells and the cationic modified PC films could promote the diatom settlement and improve diatom adhesion strength. There were more aggregates adhered on the PC films as compared with the hydroxylated glass slides, which might result from their higher surface hydrophobicity and more heterogeneous surfaces. © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",
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            "abstractNote": "Water-based adhesives which have strong adhesion and can simplify the adhesion process, endow the adhesives with desired functions are important for various applications. In this work, water-based highly adhesive films with drug delivery ability are fabricated by layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of chemically cross-linked poly(allylamine hydrochloride)-dextran (PAH-D) microgels and hyaluronic acid (HA). Strong adhesion as high as 6.95 ± 0.92 MPa can be achieved when glass substrates deposited with LbL assembled PAH-D/HA films are slightly pressed together. Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) measurements disclose that the strong adhesion originates from the intermixing of HA with PAH-D microgels at the interface of two contacted PAH-D/HA films. Free-standing PAH-D/HA films are released from substrate under assistance of a sacrificial layer for direct use as adhesives because PAH-D microgels have strong interactions with various surfaces. PAH-D/HA adhesive films can load negatively charged drugs such as ibuprofen based on electrostatic interaction between PAH-D microgels and ibuprofen molecules and release them in physiological conditions. Ibuprofen-loaded PAH-D/HA free-standing films can strongly glue periostea, promising their potential application as bioadhesives capable of accelerating the healing of damaged tissues or organs.",
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            "date": "19",
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                    "firstName": "Yan",
                    "lastName": "Du"
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            "abstractNote": "Aptamers are artificial oligonucleotides that have been widely employed to design biosensors (i.e., aptasensors). In this work, we report a microfluidic electrochemical aptamer-based sensor (MECAS) by constructing Au-Ag dual-metal array three-electrode on-chip for multiplex detection of small molecules. In combination with the microfluidic channels covering on the glass chip, different targets are transported to the Au electrodes integrated on different positions of the chip. These electrodes are premodified by different kinds of aptamers, respectively, to fabricate different sensing interfaces which can selectively capture the corresponding target. It is an address-dependent sensing platform; thus, with the use of only one electrochemical probe, multitargets can be recognized and detected according to the readout on a corresponding aptamer-modified electrode. In the sensing strategy, the electrochemical probe, [Ru(NH(3))(6)](3+) (RuHex), which can quantitatively bind to surface-confined DNA via electrostatic interaction, was used to produce chronocoulometric signal; Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) were used to improve the sensitivity of the sensor by amplifying the detection signals. Moreover, the sensing interface fabrication, sample incubation, and electrochemical detection were all performed in microfluidic channels. By using this detection chip, we achieved the multianalysis of two model small molecules, ATP, and cocaine, in mixed samples within 40 min. The detection limit of ATP was 3 × 10(-10) M, whereas the detection limit of cocaine was 7 × 10(-8) M. This Au-Ag dual metal electrochemical chip detector integrated MECAS was simple, sensitive, and selective. Also it is similar to a dosimeter which accumulates signal upon exposure. It held promising potential for designing electrochemical devices with high throughput, high automation, and high integration in multianalysis.",
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            "date": "2011",
            "volume": "83",
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            "abstractNote": "The present work proposed a nanocellulose (NC)–silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded pebbles-based composite material as a novel reusable cost-effective water purification device for complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and microbes. NC was prepared using acid hydrolysis of cellulose. The AgNPs were generated in situ using glucose and embedded within the porous concrete pebbles by the technique of inter-diffusion of ion, providing a very strong binding of nanoparticles within the porous pebbles and thus preventing any nanomaterials leaching. Fabrication of a continual running water purifier was achieved by making different layering of NC and Ag nano-embedded pebbles in a glass column. The water purifier exhibited not only excellent dye and heavy metal adsorption capacity, but also long-term antibacterial activity against pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacterial strains. The adsorption mainly occurred through electrostatic interaction and pore diffusion also contributed to the process. The bed column purifier has shown 99.48% Pb(II) and 98.30% Cr(III) removal efficiency along with 99% decontamination of microbial load at an optimum working pH of 6.0. The high adsorption capacity and reusability, with complete removal of dyes, heavy metals and Escherichia coli from the simulated contaminated water of composite material, will provide new opportunities to develop a cost-effective and eco-friendly water purifier for commercial application.",
            "publicationTitle": "Environmental Technology",
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            "date": "2015",
            "volume": "36",
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            "pages": "706–714",
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                    "tag": "Heavy Metals",
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                {
                    "tag": "Methylene Blue",
                    "type": 1
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                {
                    "tag": "Microbial Decontamination",
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                    "tag": "Nanocellulose",
                    "type": 1
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                    "tag": "Pebbles",
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                {
                    "tag": "Silver Nanoparticles",
                    "type": 1
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                    "firstName": "Siyuan",
                    "lastName": "Guo"
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                    "firstName": "Yongfeng",
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            "abstractNote": "A device constructed by sandwiching a thin film of poly( N -isopropylacrylamide)- co -acrylic acid (pNIPAm- co -AAc) microgels between two thin layers of Au (all on a glass support) was used as a novel platform for controlled release of small molecules (drugs). In this submission, the model drug tris (4-(dimenthylamino)phenyl)methylium chloride (Crystal Violet, CV) was loaded into the microgel layer of the device by electrostatic interaction of its positive charge with the negative charges on the deprotonated AAc groups on the microgels at pH > 6.5. The upper Au layer of this device was coated with SiO 2 generated by hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) catalyzed by ammonia at room temperature. Upon exposing the CV loaded devices to pH 3 solutions, the microgel AAc groups were neutralized, and the CV released. The release rate of the CV could be controlled by the thickness of the SiO 2 layer coating the Au layer. Specifically, devices with thick silica layers slow the release rate and thin layers allow for faster release. This device represents an easily fabricated device for controlled and triggered release from a thin film with easily controlled release kinetics.",
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                    "firstName": "Ken-Ichi",
                    "lastName": "Izutsu"
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Saori",
                    "lastName": "Kadoya"
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                    "firstName": "Chikako",
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                    "firstName": "Toru",
                    "lastName": "Kawanishi"
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                    "firstName": "Etsuo",
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Katsuhide",
                    "lastName": "Terada"
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            "abstractNote": "The purpose of this study was to produce and characterize glass-state amorphous solids containing amino acids and organic acids that protect co-lyophilized proteins. Thermal analysis of frozen solutions containing a basic amino acid (e.g., L-arginine, L-lysine, L-histidine) and a hydroxy di- or tricarboxylic acid (e.g., citric acid, L-tartaric acid, DL-malic acid) showed glass transition of maximally freeze-concentrated solute at temperatures (T'g) significantly higher than those of the individual solute solutions. Mixing of the amino acid with some dicarboxylic acids (e.g., oxalic acid) also suggested an upward shift of the transition temperature. Contrarily, combinations of the amino acid with monocarboxylic acids (e.g., acetic acid) had T'gs between those of the individual solute solutions. Co-lyophilization of the basic amino acids and citric acid or L-tartaric acid resulted in amorphous solids that have glass transition temperatures (Tg) higher than the individual components. Mid- and near-infrared analysis indicated altered environment around the functional groups of the consisting molecules. Some of the glass-state excipient combinations protected an enzyme (lactate dehydrogenase, LDH) from inactivation during freeze-drying. The glass-state excipient combinations formed by hydrogen-bonding and electrostatic interaction network would be potent alternative to stabilize therapeutic proteins in freeze-dried formulations.",
            "publicationTitle": "Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2009",
            "volume": "57",
            "issue": "1",
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            "pages": "43-8",
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                    "tag": "Amino Acids, Basic -- chemistry",
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                    "tag": "Dicarboxylic Acids -- chemistry",
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                    "tag": "Glass",
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                    "tag": "Proteins -- chemistry",
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "R. I.",
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                    "firstName": "A. V.",
                    "lastName": "Bukhovets"
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                    "lastName": "Sitenkov"
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                    "firstName": "V. A.",
                    "lastName": "Kemenova"
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "P.",
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "G.",
                    "lastName": "Van Den Mooter"
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            "abstractNote": "The design of new interpolyelectrolyte complexes (IPEC) between countercharged polymers (Eudragit EPO (EPO) and Eudragit L100 (L100)) was investigated. The formation and chemical composition of three new IPECs between EPO and L100 was established by elemental analysis. The structure and solid state properties of the synthesized IPEC were investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and modulated temperatre differential scanning calorimetry (MTDSC). The binding ratio of a unit molecule of EPO with L100 was found to range between 1:0.98 (Z = 1.02) and 1:0.50 (Z = 2.00) while increasing the pH from 6.0 to 7.0. As a result of electrostatic interaction between the copolymer chains, the glass transition temperature of the IPEC increased significantly. Considerable pH-sensitive swelling in acidic and neutral media was observed for different type of IPECs. Through evaluation of diffusion-transportation properties of the IPECs, basic mechanisms controlling the delivery of chemically different drugs (diclofenac sodium and theophylline) were obtained. The results of swelling and release of the model drugs from the polycomplex matrices confirm that they have potential to be used in oral controlled drug delivery.",
            "publicationTitle": "Molecular pharmaceutics",
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            "date": "2013",
            "volume": "10",
            "issue": "7",
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                    "firstName": "Zr",
                    "lastName": "Gou"
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                    "lastName": "Weng"
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                    "firstName": "Py",
                    "lastName": "Du"
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                    "firstName": "Gr",
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                    "lastName": "Yan"
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            "publicationTitle": "Journal Of Biomedical Materials Research Part A",
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            "volume": "85A",
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Takahiro",
                    "lastName": "Hamada"
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                    "firstName": "Yuka",
                    "lastName": "Sameshima"
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                    "firstName": "Kohsuke",
                    "lastName": "Honda"
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                    "lastName": "Omasa"
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                    "firstName": "Junichi",
                    "lastName": "Kato"
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Hisao",
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            "abstractNote": "Bacterial predilection for organic solvents is important in whole-cell biocatalysis in organic media. Although various methods of measuring bacterial hydrophobicity have been proposed, it is not fully determined whether they are applicable to the assessment of bacterial predilection for organic solvents in whole-cell biocatalytic processes. In this study, bacterial predilection for organic solvents was assessed by bacterial adhesion to hydrocarbon (BATH), contact angle measurement (CAM), hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC), and glass adhesion test (GAT). These methods were applied to the cultures of four bacterial species of industrial importance, namely, Rhodococcus opacus B-4, R. erythropolis PR4, Pseudomonas putida T-57, and Escherichia coli JM109, in organic media. Experimental results revealed that CAM assays could be used to predict the dispersibility of bacterial cells in anhydrous organic solvents. However, when bacteria were suspended in aqueous-organic (A/O) two-phase media, the results of BATH assays provided the most reliable assessment of bacterial predilection for organic solvents. This discrepancy noted between CAM and BATH assays was attributed to the effect of electrostatic interaction between bacteria and oil droplets. In A/O two-phase media, the accessibility of a water-immiscible dye, nile red, to the bacterial cell surface, correlated well with BATH assay results.",
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            "volume": "106",
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            "title": "Electrochemical study of functionalization on the surface of a chitin/platinum-modified glassy carbon paste electrode",
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                    "firstName": "Kazuharu",
                    "lastName": "Sugawara"
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                    "firstName": "Asako",
                    "lastName": "Yugami"
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                    "firstName": "Norifumi",
                    "lastName": "Terui"
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Hideki",
                    "lastName": "Kuramitz"
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            "abstractNote": "To functionalize chitin surfaces using proteins, we developed a glucose oxidase (GOD)-chitin/platinum-modified glassy carbon paste electrode (GCPE) as a model. In a weakly acidic solution, negatively charged GOD were immobilized by the protonated acetylamide groups on chitin. When the electrode was immersed in a solution containing GOD, the enzyme was readily immobilized due to the electrostatic interaction. In addition, measurements were performed using electrodes made with powders of different sizes because sensor performance depends on the particle sizes of glassy carbon powder.",
            "publicationTitle": "Analytical sciences : the international journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry",
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            "place": "",
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            "volume": "25",
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            "pages": "1365-8",
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            "language": "eng",
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            "tags": [
                {
                    "tag": "Carbon -- chemistry",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Chitin -- chemistry",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Glass -- chemistry",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Platinum -- chemistry",
                    "type": 1
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            ],
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            "dateAdded": "2015-10-21T16:04:43Z",
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            "creatorSummary": "Pickup et al.",
            "parsedDate": "2008",
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            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Sol–gel preparation and high-energy XRD study of (CaO) x (TiO 2 ) 0.5−x (P 2 O 5 ) 0.5 glasses (x = 0 and 0.25)",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "David",
                    "lastName": "Pickup"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Kate",
                    "lastName": "Wetherall"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Jonathan",
                    "lastName": "Knowles"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Mark",
                    "lastName": "Smith"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Robert",
                    "lastName": "Newport"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Glasses from the CaO–TiO 2 –P 2 O 5 system have potential use in biomedical applications. Here a method for the sol–gel synthesis of the ternary glass (CaO) 0.25 (TiO 2 ) 0.25 (P 2 O 5 ) 0.5 has been developed. The structures of the dried gel and heat-treated glass were studied using high-energy X-ray diffraction. The structure of the binary (TiO 2 ) 0.5 (P 2 O 5 ) 0.5 sol–gel was studied for comparison. The results reveal that the heat-treated (CaO) 0.25 (TiO 2 ) 0.25 (P 2 O 5 ) 0.5 glass has a structure based on chains and rings of PO 4 tetrahedra, held together by a combination of electrostatic interaction with Ca 2+ ions and by corner-sharing oxygen atoms with TiO 6 octahedra. In contrast, the (TiO 2 ) 0.5 (P 2 O 5 ) 0.5 glass has a structure based on isolated P 2 O 7 units linked together by corner-sharing with TiO 6 groups. The results suggest that both the dried gels possess open porous structures. For the (CaO) 0.25 (TiO 2 ) 0.25 (P 2 O 5 ) 0.5 sample there is a significant increase in Ca–O coordination number with heat treatment.",
            "publicationTitle": "Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2008",
            "volume": "19",
            "issue": "4",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "1661–1668",
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            "DOI": "10.1007/s10856-007-3259-3",
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            "language": "eng",
            "libraryCatalog": "Primo",
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            "collections": [],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2015-10-21T16:04:43Z",
            "dateModified": "2015-10-21T16:04:43Z"
        }
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]