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            "title": "Reduction",
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                    "firstName": "Natasha",
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            "abstractNote": "[ɹʌʒləḬ] is a four-word phrase of American English (Figure 79.1). What might it be? How could a listener map this phonotactically improbable string back to the speaker's intended four-word phrase? Why would a native speaker produce this realization? The intended phrase was but I was like, using the quotative like in the utterance but I was like, “why wouldn't you just go home?”. The speaker was a young female native speaker holding a casual telephone conversation with a friend. The fact that /bʌt ai wʌz laik/ can be produced as [ɹʌʒləḬ] is surprising, but perhaps even more surprising is that when a native listener hears the utterance, it sounds like a normal pronunciation of the phrase. While one might not expect this realization, when one examines spontaneous conversation, such surprising reductions are rather common. The fact that a surface realization can depart so drastically and in variable ways from the underlying representation poses problems for phonological theory. The fact that listeners find it unproblematic brings up further questions regarding what a phonological underlying representation is, and how speakers and listeners use it. There are three directions from which one might approach the topic of reduction: what sounds the speaker produces (acoustics of reduction), how the speaker produces them (reductions and changes in articulations), and how the speech is perceived.",
            "bookTitle": "The Blackwell Companion to Phonology",
            "series": "",
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            "volume": "",
            "numberOfVolumes": "",
            "edition": "",
            "date": "2011",
            "publisher": "American Cancer Society",
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            "ISBN": "978-1-4443-3526-2",
            "DOI": "10.1002/9781444335262.wbctp0079",
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            "creators": [
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Joan",
                    "lastName": "Bybee"
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            "abstractNote": "The literature on frequency effects in lexical diffusion shows\nthat even phonetically gradual changes that in some cases are\ndestined to be lexically regular show lexical diffusion while\nthey are in progress. Change that is both phonetically and\nlexically gradual presents a serious challenge to theories with\nphonemic underlying forms. An alternate exemplar model that\ncan account for lexical variation in phonetic detail is outlined\nhere. This model predicts that the frequency with which words\nare used in the contexts for change will affect how readily\nthe word undergoes a change in progress. This prediction is\ntested on data from /t, d/ deletion in American English.\nFinally, the effect of bound morphemes on the diffusion of a\nsound change is examined. The data suggest that instances of\na bound morpheme can affect the rate of change for that morpheme\noverall.",
            "publicationTitle": "Language Variation and Change",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "2002/10",
            "volume": "14",
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            "pages": "261-290",
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            "DOI": "10/bs2gxq",
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            "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/language-variation-and-change/article/word-frequency-and-context-of-use-in-the-lexical-diffusion-of-phonetically-conditioned-sound-change/BDCDC7AEADADF4295FEC0D135B83E162",
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            "ISSN": "1469-8021, 0954-3945",
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            "extra": "tex.ids: bybee2002a",
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            "creatorSummary": "Pierrehumbert",
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            "title": "Phonetic Diversity, Statistical Learning, and Acquisition of Phonology",
            "creators": [
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Janet B.",
                    "lastName": "Pierrehumbert"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "In learning to perceive and produce speech, children master complex language-specific patterns. Daunting language-specific variation is found both in the segmental domain and in the domain of prosody and intonation. This article reviews the challenges posed by results in phonetic typology and sociolinguistics for the theory of language acquisition. It argues that categories are initiated bottom-up from statistical modesin use of the phonetic space, and sketches how exemplar theory can be used to model the updating of categories once they are initiated. It also argues that bottom-upinitiation of categories is successful thanks to the perceptionproduction loop operating in the speech community. The behavior of this loop means that the superficial statistical properties of speech available to the infant indirectly reflect the contrastiveness and discriminability of categories in the adult grammar. The article also argues that the developing system is refined using internal feedback from type statistics over the lexicon, once the lexicon is well-developed. The application of type statistics to a system initiated with surface statistics does not cause a fundamental reorganization of the system. Instead, it exploits confluences across levels of representation which characterize human language and make bootstrapping possible.",
            "publicationTitle": "Language and Speech",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "June 1, 2003",
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            "pages": "115-154",
            "series": "",
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            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "Lang Speech",
            "DOI": "10/djpprf",
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            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/00238309030460020501",
            "accessDate": "2020-01-10T01:09:34Z",
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            "abstractNote": "Linguistic and ethnic diversity throughout the Himalayas suggests that this mountain range played an important role in shaping the genetic landscapes of the region. Previous Y-chromosome work revealed that the Himalayas acted as a biased bidirectional barrier to gene flow across the cordillera. In the present study, 17 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (Y-STR) loci included in the AmpFlSTR® Yfiler kit were analyzed in 344 unrelated males from three Nepalese populations (Tamang, Newar, and Kathmandu) and a general collection from Tibet. The latter displays the highest haplotype diversity (0.9990) followed by Kathmandu (0.9977), Newar (0.9570), and Tamang (0.9545). The overall haplotype diversity for the Himalayan populations at 17 Y-STR loci was 0.9973, and the corresponding values for the extended (11 loci) and minimal (nine loci) haplotypes were 0.9955 and 0.9942, respectively. No Y-STR profiles are shared across the four Himalayan collections at the 17-, 11-, and nine-locus resolutions considered, indicating a lack of recent gene flow among them. Phylogenetic analyses support our previous findings that Kathmandu, and to some extent Newar, received significant genetic influence from India while Tamang and Tibet exhibit limited or no gene flow from the subcontinent. A median-joining network of haplogroup O3a3c-M134 based on 15 Y-STR loci from our four Himalayan populations suggests either a male founder effect in Tamang, possibly from Tibet, or a recent bottleneck following their arrival south of the Himalayas from Tibet leading to their highly reduced Y single-nucleotide polymorphism and Y-STR diversity. The genetic uniqueness of the four Himalayan populations examined in this study merits the creation of separate databases for individual identification, parentage analysis, and population genetic studies.",
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            "title": "The making of a mixed language: the case of Ma'a/Mbugu",
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                    "lastName": "Mous"
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                    "firstName": "Brenna M.",
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                    "firstName": "Eileen G.",
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                    "firstName": "Choongwon",
                    "lastName": "Jeong"
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            "creatorSummary": "Hollard et al.",
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            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Strong genetic admixture in the Altai at the Middle Bronze Age revealed by uniparental and ancestry informative markers",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Clémence",
                    "lastName": "Hollard"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Christine",
                    "lastName": "Keyser"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Pierre-Henri",
                    "lastName": "Giscard"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Turbat",
                    "lastName": "Tsagaan"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Noost",
                    "lastName": "Bayarkhuu"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Jan",
                    "lastName": "Bemmann"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Eric",
                    "lastName": "Crubézy"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Bertrand",
                    "lastName": "Ludes"
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            ],
            "abstractNote": "The Altai Mountains have been a long-term boundary zone between the Eurasian Steppe populations and South and East Asian populations. To disentangle some of the historical population movements in this area, 14 ancient human specimens excavated in the westernmost part of the Mongolian Altai were studied. Thirteen of them were dated from the Middle to the End of the Bronze Age and one of them to the Eneolithic period. The environmental conditions encountered in this region led to the good preservation of DNA in the human remains. Therefore, a multi-markers approach was adopted for the genetic analysis of identity, ancestry and phenotype markers. Mitochondrial DNA analyses revealed that the ancient Altaians studied carried both Western (H, U, T) and Eastern (A, C, D) Eurasian lineages. In the same way, the patrilineal gene pool revealed the presence of different haplogroups (Q1a2a1-L54, R1a1a1b2-Z93 and C), probably marking different origins for the male paternal lineages. To go further in the search of the origin of these ancient specimens, phenotypical characters (i.e. hair and eye color) were determined. For this purpose, we adapted the HIrisPlex assay recently described to MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. In addition, some ancestry informative markers were analyzed with this assay. The results revealed mixed phenotypes among this group confirming the probable admixed ancestry of the studied Altaian population at the Middle Bronze Age. The good results obtained from ancient DNA samples suggest that this approach might be relevant for forensic casework too.",
            "publicationTitle": "Forensic Science International: Genetics",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "September 2014",
            "volume": "12",
            "issue": "",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "199-207",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "Forensic Science International: Genetics",
            "DOI": "10.1016/j.fsigen.2014.05.012",
            "citationKey": "",
            "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1872497314001161",
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            "ISSN": "1872-4973",
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            "language": "",
            "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect",
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            "rights": "",
            "extra": "",
            "tags": [
                {
                    "tag": "#nosource"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Altai Mountains",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Ancient DNA",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Bronze Age",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "admixture",
                    "type": 1
                }
            ],
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            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2017-02-07T18:55:47Z",
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            "title": "Static and Moving Frontiers: The Genetic Landscape of Southern African Bantu-Speaking Populations",
            "creators": [
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Sarah J.",
                    "lastName": "Marks"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Francesco",
                    "lastName": "Montinaro"
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                    "firstName": "Hila",
                    "lastName": "Levy"
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                {
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                    "firstName": "Francesca",
                    "lastName": "Brisighelli"
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                {
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                    "firstName": "Gianmarco",
                    "lastName": "Ferri"
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                {
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                    "firstName": "Stefania",
                    "lastName": "Bertoncini"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Chiara",
                    "lastName": "Batini"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "George B. J.",
                    "lastName": "Busby"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Charles",
                    "lastName": "Arthur"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Peter",
                    "lastName": "Mitchell"
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                {
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                    "firstName": "Brian A.",
                    "lastName": "Stewart"
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                    "lastName": "Oosthuizen"
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                    "lastName": "Oosthuizen"
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                    "lastName": "Davison"
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                    "lastName": "Capelli"
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            "publicationTitle": "Molecular Biology and Evolution",
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            "place": "",
            "date": "2015/01/01",
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            "pages": "29-43",
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            "journalAbbreviation": "Mol Biol Evol",
            "DOI": "10.1093/molbev/msu263",
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            "url": "https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/32/1/29/2925531/Static-and-Moving-Frontiers-The-Genetic-Landscape",
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            "shortTitle": "Static and Moving Frontiers",
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            "dateAdded": "2017-02-07T18:55:02Z",
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    {
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            },
            "creatorSummary": "Martínez-Cortés et al.",
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            "title": "Admixture and population structure in Mexican-Mestizos based on paternal lineages",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Gabriela",
                    "lastName": "Martínez-Cortés"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Joel",
                    "lastName": "Salazar-Flores"
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Laura",
                    "lastName": "Gabriela Fernández-Rodríguez"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Rodrigo",
                    "lastName": "Rubi-Castellanos"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Carmen",
                    "lastName": "Rodríguez-Loya"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Jesús Salvador",
                    "lastName": "Velarde-Félix"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "José",
                    "lastName": "Franciso Muñoz-Valle"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Isela",
                    "lastName": "Parra-Rojas"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Héctor",
                    "lastName": "Rangel-Villalobos"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "In the nonrecombining region of the Y-chromosome, there are single-nucleotide polymorphisms (Y-SNPs) that establish haplogroups with particular geographical origins (European, African, Native American, etc.). The complex process of admixture that gave rise to the majority of the current Mexican population (~93%), known as Mestizos, can be examined with Y-SNPs to establish their paternal ancestry and population structure. We analyzed 18 Y-SNPs in 659 individuals from 10 Mexican-Mestizo populations from different regions of the country. In the total population sample, paternal ancestry was predominately European (64.9%), followed by Native American (30.8%) and African (4.2%). However, the European ancestry was prevalent in the north and west (66.7–95%) and, conversely, Native American ancestry increased in the center and southeast (37–50%), whereas the African ancestry was low and relatively homogeneous (0–8.8%). Although this paternal landscape concurs with previous studies based on genome-wide SNPs and autosomal short tandem repeats (STRs), this pattern contrasts with the maternal ancestry, mainly of Native American origin, based on maternal lineages haplogroups. In agreement with historical records, these results confirm a strong gender-biased admixture history between European males and Native American females that gave rise to Mexican-Mestizos. Finally, pairwise comparisons and analysis of molecular variance tests demonstrated significant population structure (FST=4.68%; P<0.00005), delimiting clusters that were geographically defined as the following: north–west, center–south and southeast.",
            "publicationTitle": "Journal of Human Genetics",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "September 2012",
            "volume": "57",
            "issue": "9",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "568-574",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "J Hum Genet",
            "DOI": "10.1038/jhg.2012.67",
            "citationKey": "",
            "url": "http://www.nature.com/jhg/journal/v57/n9/full/jhg201267a.html",
            "accessDate": "2017-02-07T18:52:40Z",
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            "PMCID": "",
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            "shortTitle": "",
            "language": "en",
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            "rights": "© 2012 Nature Publishing Group",
            "extra": "",
            "tags": [
                {
                    "tag": "#nosource"
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Mexican-Mestizos",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "Y-SNPs",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "admixture",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "ancestry",
                    "type": 1
                },
                {
                    "tag": "paternal lineages",
                    "type": 1
                }
            ],
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            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2017-02-07T18:52:40Z",
            "dateModified": "2024-07-05T14:36:33Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "P6UNGGX3",
        "version": 7066,
        "library": {
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            "id": 414,
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            "links": {
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            },
            "creatorSummary": "Melton et al.",
            "parsedDate": "2013-07-01",
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        "data": {
            "key": "P6UNGGX3",
            "version": 7066,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Microevolution, migration, and the population structure of five Amerindian populations from Nicaragua and Costa Rica",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Phillip E.",
                    "lastName": "Melton"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Norberto F.",
                    "lastName": "Baldi"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Ramiro",
                    "lastName": "Barrantes"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Michael H.",
                    "lastName": "Crawford"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Objective\n\nThis research examines the coevolution of languages and uniparental genetic marker (mitochondrial DNA [mtDNA] and nonrecombining Y-chromosome [NRY]) variation within five Lower Central American (Rama, Chorotega, Maléku, Zapatón-Huetar, and Abrojo-Guaymí) Amerindian groups. This pattern occurred since European contact.\n\n\nMethods\n\nWe examined mtDNA sequence variation from the hypervariable region 1 (HVS-1) and NRY genetic variation using short tandem repeat (STR) loci (DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, and DYS439) and NRY haplogroups (Q1a3a, Q1a3*, C3b, R1b1b2, E1b1, G2a2, and I) identified through single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Phylogenetic analysis included multidimensional scaling (MDS), heterozygosity versus rii, and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA).\n\n\nResults\n\nEighteen mtDNA haplotypes were characterized in 131 participants with 94.6% of these assigned to the Amerindian mtDNA subclades, A2 and B2. The Amerindian NRY haplogroup, Q1a3a, was present in all five groups and ranged from 85% (Zapatón-Huetar) to 35% (Chorotega). Four populations (Rama, Chorotega, Zapatón-Huetar, and Abrojo-Guaymí) were also characterized by the presence of NRY haplogroup R1b1b2 indicative of western European admixture. Seventy NRY STR haplotypes were identified of which 69 (97%) were population specific. MDS plots demonstrated genetic similarities between Mesoamericans and northern Chibchan Amerindian populations, absent in mtDNA analyses, which is further supported by heterozygosity versus rii results.\n\n\nConclusions\n\nWe conclude that although these linguistically related populations in geographic proximity demonstrate a high degree of paternal genetic differentiation, recent demographic events have dramatically altered the paternal genetic structure of the regions Amerindian populations. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 25:480–490, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.",
            "publicationTitle": "American Journal of Human Biology",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "July 1, 2013",
            "volume": "25",
            "issue": "4",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "480-490",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "Am. J. Hum. Biol.",
            "DOI": "10.1002/ajhb.22382",
            "citationKey": "",
            "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajhb.22382/abstract",
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            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "1520-6300",
            "archive": "",
            "archiveLocation": "",
            "shortTitle": "",
            "language": "en",
            "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library",
            "callNumber": "",
            "rights": "",
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                    "tag": "#nosource"
                }
            ],
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            ],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2017-02-07T18:50:14Z",
            "dateModified": "2024-07-05T14:36:33Z"
        }
    },
    {
        "key": "BWZ876FF",
        "version": 7066,
        "library": {
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            },
            "creatorSummary": "Anagnostou et al.",
            "parsedDate": "2013-08-01",
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        "data": {
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            "version": 7066,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Reevaluating a Model of Gender-Biased Gene Flow among Sub-Saharan Hunter-Gatherers and Farmers",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Paolo",
                    "lastName": "Anagnostou"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Cinzia",
                    "lastName": "Battaggia"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Marco",
                    "lastName": "Capocasa"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Ilaria",
                    "lastName": "Boschi"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Francesca",
                    "lastName": "Brisighelli"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Chiara",
                    "lastName": "Batini"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Gabriella",
                    "lastName": "Spedini"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Giovanni",
                    "lastName": "Destro-Bisol"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "In a previous study, we proposed a model for genetic admixture between African hunter-gatherers and food producers, in which we integrated demographic and genetic aspects together with ethnographic knowledge (Destro-Bisol et al. 2004b). In that study it was possible to test the model only using genetic information from widely dispersed and genetically heterogeneous populations. Here we reevaluate the congruence between the model and patterns of genetic variation using an anthropologically and geographically more homogeneous data set that includes Pygmies and farmers from Cameroon, Congo, and the Central African Republic. As implied by the model, the ratios of mtDNA to Y chromosome Nm estimates (effective population size, N, times the migration rate, m; 0.154 in Pygmies and 6.759 in farmers), support an asymmetric gene flow, with a higher Bantu-to-Pygmy gene flow for paternal than for maternal lineages, and vice versa for farmers. Analyses of intra- and interpopulation genetic variation further support the above observation, showing a prevailing effect of genetic drift on maternal lineages and gene flow on paternal lineages among Pygmies, and an opposite pattern among farmers. We also detected differences between patterns for classical and molecular measures of Y chromosome intrapopulation variation, which likely represent signatures of the introgression of Bantu lineages into the gene pool of Pygmy populations. On the whole, our results seem to reflect differences in the demographic history and the degree of patrilocality and polygyny between the two population groups, thus providing further support to our microevolutionary model in an anthropologically coherent framework.",
            "publicationTitle": "Human Biology",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "August 1, 2013",
            "volume": "85",
            "issue": "4",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "597-606",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "Human Biology",
            "DOI": "10.3378/027.085.0406",
            "citationKey": "",
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            "title": "Paternal Lineage Analysis Supports an Armenian Rather Than a Central Asian Genetic Origin of the Hamshenis",
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                    "lastName": "Margaryan"
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            "abstractNote": "The Hamshenis are an isolated geographic group of Armenians with a strong ethnic identity who, until the early decades of the twentieth century, inhabited the Pontus area on the southern coast of the Black Sea. Scholars hold alternative views on their origin, proposing Eastern Armenia, Western Armenia, and Central Asia, respectively, as their most likely homeland. To ascertain whether genetic data from the nonrecombining portion of the Y chromosome are supportive of any of these suggestions, we screened 82 Armenian males of Hamsheni descent for 12 biallelic and 6 microsatellite Y-chromosomal markers. These data were compared with the corresponding data set from the representative populations of the three candidate regions. Genetic difference between the Hamshenis and other groups is significant and backs up the hypothesis of the Armenian origin of the Hamshenis, indicating central historical Armenia as a homeland of the ancestral population. This inference is further strengthened by the results of admixture analysis, which does not support the Central-Asian hypothesis of the Hamshenis' origin. Genetic diversity values and patterns of genetic distances suggest a high degree of genetic isolation of the Hamshenis consistent with their retention of a distinct and ancient dialect of the Armenian language.",
            "publicationTitle": "Human Biology",
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            "title": "Characterisation of novel and rare Y-chromosome short tandem repeat alleles in self-declared South Australian Aboriginal database",
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                    "lastName": "Collins"
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                    "firstName": "Michael G.",
                    "lastName": "Gardner"
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                    "lastName": "Fitch"
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            "abstractNote": "Y-chromosome short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) are used in forensic science laboratories all over the world, as their application is wide and often vital in solving casework. Analysis of an in-house database of South Australian self-declared Aboriginal males held by Forensic Science South Australia (FSSA) using the Applied Biosystem’s AmpFℓSTR® Yfiler™ PCR Amplification Kit revealed 43 variant Y-STR alleles at 6 of the 17 loci. All variant alleles were sequenced to determine the exact repeat structure for each. As a high level of admixture has previously been found within the SA Aboriginal database, samples were haplogrouped using Y-SNPs to determine their likely geographical origin. Although a number of variant alleles were associated with non-Aboriginal Y-haplogroups, a high frequency was observed within the Australian K-M9 lineage. Detailed knowledge of these variant alleles may have further application in the development of new DNA markers for identification purposes, and in population and evolutionary studies of Australian Aborigines.",
            "publicationTitle": "International Journal of Legal Medicine",
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            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Northern Slavs from Serbia do not show a founder effect at autosomal and Y-chromosomal STRs and retain their paternal genetic heritage",
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                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Krzysztof",
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                    "firstName": "Igor",
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                    "firstName": "Daniela",
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Erika",
                    "lastName": "Patskun"
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                    "firstName": "Sergey",
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                    "firstName": "Zofia",
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            "abstractNote": "Studies on Y-chromosomal markers revealed significant genetic differentiation between Southern and Northern (Western and Eastern) Slavic populations. The northern Serbian region of Vojvodina is inhabited by Southern Slavic Serbian majority and, inter alia, Western Slavic (Slovak) and Eastern Slavic (Ruthenian) minorities. In the study, 15 autosomal STR markers were analysed in unrelated Slovaks, Ruthenians and Serbs from northern Serbia and western Slovakia. Additionally, Slovak males from Serbia were genotyped for 17 Y-chromosomal STR loci. The results were compared to data available for other Slavic populations. Genetic distances for autosomal markers revealed homogeneity between Serbs from northern Serbia and Slovaks from western Slovakia and distinctiveness of Serbian Slovaks and Ruthenians. Y-STR variation showed a clear genetic departure of the Slovaks and Ruthenians inhabiting Vojvodina from their Serbian neighbours and genetic similarity to the Northern Slavic populations of Slovakia and Ukraine. Admixture estimates revealed negligible Serbian paternal ancestry in both Northern Slavic minorities of Vojvodina, providing evidence for their genetic isolation from the Serbian majority population. No reduction of genetic diversity at autosomal and Y-chromosomal markers was found, excluding genetic drift as a reason for differences observed at autosomal STRs. Analysis of molecular variance detected significant population stratification of autosomal and Y-chromosomal microsatellites in the three Slavic populations of northern Serbia, indicating necessity for separate databases used for estimations of frequencies of autosomal and Y-chromosomal STR profiles in forensic casework. Our results demonstrate that regarding Y-STR haplotypes, Serbian Slovaks and Ruthenians fit in the Eastern European metapopulation defined in the Y chromosome haplotype reference database.",
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                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "R. John",
                    "lastName": "Mitchell"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Amanda C.",
                    "lastName": "Owings"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Laxmi",
                    "lastName": "Parida"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Daniel E.",
                    "lastName": "Platt"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Lluis",
                    "lastName": "Quintana-Murci"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Colin",
                    "lastName": "Renfrew"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Daniela R.",
                    "lastName": "Lacerda"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Ajay K.",
                    "lastName": "Royyuru"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Theodore G.",
                    "lastName": "Schurr"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Fabrício R.",
                    "lastName": "Santos"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Himla",
                    "lastName": "Soodyall"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "David F. Soria",
                    "lastName": "Hernanz"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Pandikumar",
                    "lastName": "Swamikrishnan"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Chris",
                    "lastName": "Tyler-Smith"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Pedro Paulo",
                    "lastName": "Vieira"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Miguel G.",
                    "lastName": "Vilar"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Pierre A.",
                    "lastName": "Zalloua"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Janet S.",
                    "lastName": "Ziegle"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Multiple questions relating to contributions of cultural and demographical factors in the process of human geographical dispersal remain largely unanswered. India, a land of early human settlement and the resulting diversity is a good place to look for some of the answers. In this study, we explored the genetic structure of India using a diverse panel of 78 males genotyped using the GenoChip. Their genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) diversity was examined in the context of various covariates that influence Indian gene pool. Admixture analysis of genome-wide SNP data showed high proportion of the Southwest Asian component in all of the Indian samples. Hierarchical clustering based on admixture proportions revealed seven distinct clusters correlating to geographical and linguistic affiliations. Convex hull overlay of Y-chromosomal haplogroups on the genome-wide SNP principal component analysis brought out distinct non-overlapping polygons of F*-M89, H*-M69, L1-M27, O2a-M95 and O3a3c1-M117, suggesting a male-mediated migration and expansion of the Indian gene pool. Lack of similar correlation with mitochondrial DNA clades indicated a shared genetic ancestry of females. We suggest that ancient male-mediated migratory events and settlement in various regional niches led to the present day scenario and peopling of India.",
            "publicationTitle": "Journal of Human Genetics",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "September 2015",
            "volume": "60",
            "issue": "9",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "493-499",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "J Hum Genet",
            "DOI": "10.1038/jhg.2015.51",
            "citationKey": "",
            "url": "http://www.nature.com/jhg/journal/v60/n9/full/jhg201551a.html",
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            "PMID": "",
            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "1434-5161",
            "archive": "",
            "archiveLocation": "",
            "shortTitle": "",
            "language": "en",
            "libraryCatalog": "www.nature.com",
            "callNumber": "",
            "rights": "© 2015 Nature Publishing Group",
            "extra": "",
            "tags": [
                {
                    "tag": "#nosource"
                }
            ],
            "collections": [
                "IQ4C7ICJ"
            ],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2017-02-07T18:44:41Z",
            "dateModified": "2024-07-05T14:36:32Z"
        }
    },
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            },
            "creatorSummary": "Messina et al.",
            "parsedDate": "2015-07-08",
            "numChildren": 0
        },
        "data": {
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            "version": 7066,
            "itemType": "journalArticle",
            "title": "Traces of forgotten historical events in mountain communities in Central Italy: A genetic insight",
            "creators": [
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Francesco",
                    "lastName": "Messina"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Andrea",
                    "lastName": "Finocchio"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Mario Federico",
                    "lastName": "Rolfo"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Flavio",
                    "lastName": "De Angelis"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Cesare",
                    "lastName": "Rapone"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Martina",
                    "lastName": "Coletta"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Cristina",
                    "lastName": "Martínez-Labarga"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Gianfranco",
                    "lastName": "Biondi"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Andrea",
                    "lastName": "Berti"
                },
                {
                    "creatorType": "author",
                    "firstName": "Olga",
                    "lastName": "Rickards"
                }
            ],
            "abstractNote": "Objectives\n\nAnalysis of human genetic variation in mountain communities can shed light on the peopling of mountainous regions, perhaps revealing whether the remote geographic location spared them from outside invasion and preserved their gene pool from admixture. In this study, we created a model to assess genetic traces of historical events by reconstructing the paternal and maternal genetic history of seven small mountain villages in inland valleys of Central Italy.\n\n\nMethods\n\nThe communities were selected for their geographic isolation, attested biodemographic stability, and documented history prior to the Roman conquest. We studied the genetic structure by analyzing two hypervariable segments (HVS-I and HVS-II) of the mtDNA D-loop and several informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the mtDNA coding region in 346 individuals, in addition to 17 short tandem repeats (STRs) and Y-chromosome SNPs in 237 male individuals.\n\n\nResults\n\nFor both uniparental markers, most of the haplogroups originated in Western Europe while some Near Eastern haplogroups were identified at low frequencies. However, there was an evident genetic similarity between the Central Italian samples and Near Eastern populations mainly in the male genetic pool.\n\n\nConclusions\n\nThe samples highlight an overall European genetic pattern both for mtDNA and Y chromosome. Notwithstanding this scenario, Y chromosome haplogroup Q, a common paternal lineage in Central/Western Asia but almost Europe-wide absent, was found, suggesting that Central Italy could have hosted a settlement from Anatolia that might be supported by cultural, topographic and genetic evidence. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27:508–519, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.",
            "publicationTitle": "American Journal of Human Biology",
            "publisher": "",
            "place": "",
            "date": "July 8, 2015",
            "volume": "27",
            "issue": "4",
            "section": "",
            "partNumber": "",
            "partTitle": "",
            "pages": "508-519",
            "series": "",
            "seriesTitle": "",
            "seriesText": "",
            "journalAbbreviation": "Am. J. Hum. Biol.",
            "DOI": "10.1002/ajhb.22677",
            "citationKey": "",
            "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajhb.22677/abstract",
            "accessDate": "2017-02-07T18:46:26Z",
            "PMID": "",
            "PMCID": "",
            "ISSN": "1520-6300",
            "archive": "",
            "archiveLocation": "",
            "shortTitle": "Traces of forgotten historical events in mountain communities in Central Italy",
            "language": "en",
            "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library",
            "callNumber": "",
            "rights": "",
            "extra": "",
            "tags": [
                {
                    "tag": "#nosource"
                }
            ],
            "collections": [
                "IQ4C7ICJ"
            ],
            "relations": {},
            "dateAdded": "2017-02-07T18:46:26Z",
            "dateModified": "2024-07-05T14:36:32Z"
        }
    }
]