[ { "key": "XXZB356B", "version": 38, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 413216, "name": "BROB Internship", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/413216/items/XXZB356B", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship/items/XXZB356B", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2687612, "username": "robalo.bruno", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/robalo.bruno", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 776702, "username": "patmit", "name": "Mitchelle", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/patmit", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Pruessmann et al.", "parsedDate": "1999-11", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "XXZB356B", "version": 38, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "SENSE: sensitivity encoding for fast MRI", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K. P.", "lastName": "Pruessmann" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Weiger" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. B.", "lastName": "Scheidegger" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P.", "lastName": "Boesiger" } ], "abstractNote": "New theoretical and practical concepts are presented for considerably enhancing the performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by means of arrays of multiple receiver coils. Sensitivity encoding (SENSE) is based on the fact that receiver sensitivity generally has an encoding effect complementary to Fourier preparation by linear field gradients. Thus, by using multiple receiver coils in parallel scan time in Fourier imaging can be considerably reduced. The problem of image reconstruction from sensitivity encoded data is formulated in a general fashion and solved for arbitrary coil configurations and k-space sampling patterns. Special attention is given to the currently most practical case, namely, sampling a common Cartesian grid with reduced density. For this case the feasibility of the proposed methods was verified both in vitro and in vivo. Scan time was reduced to one-half using a two-coil array in brain imaging. With an array of five coils double-oblique heart images were obtained in one-third of conventional scan time. Magn Reson Med 42:952-962, 1999.", "publicationTitle": "Magnetic Resonance in Medicine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Nov 1999", "volume": "42", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "952-962", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Magn Reson Med", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "pruessmannSENSESensitivityEncoding1999", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "10542355", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0740-3194", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "SENSE", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Brain", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fourier Analysis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Heart", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Image Enhancement", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Magnetic resonance imaging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Models, Theoretical", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Phantoms, Imaging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sensitivity and Specificity", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "9EGPIX9N" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-12-14T13:43:34Z", "dateModified": "2015-12-14T13:43:34Z" } }, { "key": "SUMHXU8V", "version": 29, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 413216, "name": "BROB Internship", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/413216/items/SUMHXU8V", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship/items/SUMHXU8V", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/413216/items/XXZB356B", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2687612, "username": "robalo.bruno", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/robalo.bruno", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "SUMHXU8V", "version": 29, "parentItem": "XXZB356B", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2015-12-14T13:43:34Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10542355", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-12-14T13:43:34Z", "dateModified": "2015-12-14T13:43:34Z" } }, { "key": "HX3QUDAZ", "version": 38, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 413216, "name": "BROB Internship", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/413216/items/HX3QUDAZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship/items/HX3QUDAZ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2687612, "username": "robalo.bruno", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/robalo.bruno", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 776702, "username": "patmit", "name": "Mitchelle", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/patmit", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Griswold et al.", "parsedDate": "2002-06", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "HX3QUDAZ", "version": 38, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions (GRAPPA)", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mark A.", "lastName": "Griswold" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Peter M.", "lastName": "Jakob" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robin M.", "lastName": "Heidemann" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mathias", "lastName": "Nittka" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Vladimir", "lastName": "Jellus" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jianmin", "lastName": "Wang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Berthold", "lastName": "Kiefer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Axel", "lastName": "Haase" } ], "abstractNote": "In this study, a novel partially parallel acquisition (PPA) method is presented which can be used to accelerate image acquisition using an RF coil array for spatial encoding. This technique, GeneRalized Autocalibrating Partially Parallel Acquisitions (GRAPPA) is an extension of both the PILS and VD-AUTO-SMASH reconstruction techniques. As in those previous methods, a detailed, highly accurate RF field map is not needed prior to reconstruction in GRAPPA. This information is obtained from several k-space lines which are acquired in addition to the normal image acquisition. As in PILS, the GRAPPA reconstruction algorithm provides unaliased images from each component coil prior to image combination. This results in even higher SNR and better image quality since the steps of image reconstruction and image combination are performed in separate steps. After introducing the GRAPPA technique, primary focus is given to issues related to the practical implementation of GRAPPA, including the reconstruction algorithm as well as analysis of SNR in the resulting images. Finally, in vivo GRAPPA images are shown which demonstrate the utility of the technique.", "publicationTitle": "Magnetic Resonance in Medicine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Jun 2002", "volume": "47", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1202-1210", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Magn Reson Med", "DOI": "10.1002/mrm.10171", "citationKey": "griswoldGeneralizedAutocalibratingPartially2002", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "12111967", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0740-3194", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Algorithms", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Calibration", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Computer Simulation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Image Processing, Computer-Assisted", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Magnetic resonance imaging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Models, Theoretical", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "9EGPIX9N" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-12-14T13:41:13Z", "dateModified": "2015-12-14T13:41:13Z" } }, { "key": "G3MI5RE9", "version": 28, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 413216, "name": "BROB Internship", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/413216/items/G3MI5RE9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship/items/G3MI5RE9", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/413216/items/HX3QUDAZ", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2687612, "username": "robalo.bruno", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/robalo.bruno", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "G3MI5RE9", "version": 28, "parentItem": "HX3QUDAZ", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2015-12-14T13:41:13Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12111967", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-12-14T13:41:13Z", "dateModified": "2015-12-14T13:41:13Z" } }, { "key": "ES7G8W68", "version": 38, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 413216, "name": "BROB Internship", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/413216/items/ES7G8W68", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship/items/ES7G8W68", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2687612, "username": "robalo.bruno", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/robalo.bruno", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 776702, "username": "patmit", "name": "Mitchelle", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/patmit", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Deshmane et al.", "parsedDate": "2012-07", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "ES7G8W68", "version": 38, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Parallel MR imaging", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Anagha", "lastName": "Deshmane" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Vikas", "lastName": "Gulani" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mark A.", "lastName": "Griswold" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nicole", "lastName": "Seiberlich" } ], "abstractNote": "Parallel imaging is a robust method for accelerating the acquisition of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, and has made possible many new applications of MR imaging. Parallel imaging works by acquiring a reduced amount of k-space data with an array of receiver coils. These undersampled data can be acquired more quickly, but the undersampling leads to aliased images. One of several parallel imaging algorithms can then be used to reconstruct artifact-free images from either the aliased images (SENSE-type reconstruction) or from the undersampled data (GRAPPA-type reconstruction). The advantages of parallel imaging in a clinical setting include faster image acquisition, which can be used, for instance, to shorten breath-hold times resulting in fewer motion-corrupted examinations. In this article the basic concepts behind parallel imaging are introduced. The relationship between undersampling and aliasing is discussed and two commonly used parallel imaging methods, SENSE and GRAPPA, are explained in detail. Examples of artifacts arising from parallel imaging are shown and ways to detect and mitigate these artifacts are described. Finally, several current applications of parallel imaging are presented and recent advancements and promising research in parallel imaging are briefly reviewed.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of magnetic resonance imaging: JMRI", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Jul 2012", "volume": "36", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "55-72", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Magn Reson Imaging", "DOI": "10.1002/jmri.23639", "citationKey": "deshmaneParallelMRImaging2012", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "22696125", "PMCID": "PMC4459721", "ISSN": "1522-2586", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Algorithms", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Image Enhancement", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Magnetic resonance imaging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Subtraction Technique", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "9EGPIX9N" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-12-14T13:37:57Z", "dateModified": "2015-12-14T13:37:57Z" } }, { "key": "SI7IC7KF", "version": 27, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 413216, "name": "BROB Internship", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/413216/items/SI7IC7KF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship/items/SI7IC7KF", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/413216/items/ES7G8W68", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2687612, "username": "robalo.bruno", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/robalo.bruno", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "SI7IC7KF", "version": 27, "parentItem": "ES7G8W68", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2015-12-14T13:37:57Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22696125", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-12-14T13:37:57Z", "dateModified": "2015-12-14T13:37:57Z" } }, { "key": "HQME2GZI", "version": 38, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 413216, "name": "BROB Internship", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/413216/items/HQME2GZI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship/items/HQME2GZI", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2687612, "username": "robalo.bruno", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/robalo.bruno", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 776702, "username": "patmit", "name": "Mitchelle", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/patmit", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Fink et al.", "parsedDate": "2010-10-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "HQME2GZI", "version": 38, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Comparison of Diffusion Tensor-Based Tractography and Quantified Brain Atrophy for Analyzing Demyelination and Axonal Loss in MS", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Frauke", "lastName": "Fink" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jan", "lastName": "Klein" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael", "lastName": "Lanz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tibor", "lastName": "Mitrovics" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Markus", "lastName": "Lentschig" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Horst K.", "lastName": "Hahn" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Helmut", "lastName": "Hildebrandt" } ], "abstractNote": "We combined diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures of the corpus callosum (CC) and the superior longitudinal fascicle (SLF) with calculation of brain atrophy in 53 patients with relapsing—remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) and 15 healthy controls, to analyze their interrelation and their correlation with disease duration and clinical impairment. The lateral ventricle volume in MS patients was increased; the fractional anisotropy in the CC was decreased as was the fiber volume. Perpendicular (in the literature also referred to as radial) diffusivity (ped), which reflects the diffusion perpendicular to the long axis of the axons within the fiber bundle, was increased in the SLF and the posterior CC, but contrary to our predictions, parallel (also called axial) diffusivity (pad) that refers to the amount of diffusion in the direction of the axon was increased, too. Brain atrophy and DTI-derived parameters were highly intercorrelated and both correlated with disease duration. Discriminant analysis showed that DTI-derived atrophy measures are superior to brain atrophy measures in classifying patients and controls. In light of our results, animal studies focusing on demyelination and axonal loss are reinterpreted.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Neuroimaging", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "octobre 1, 2010", "volume": "20", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "334-344", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1552-6569.2009.00377.x", "citationKey": "finkComparisonDiffusionTensorBased2010a", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1552-6569.2009.00377.x/abstract", "accessDate": "2015-12-07T17:22:04Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1552-6569", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Copyright © 2009 by the American Society of Neuroimaging", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Diffusion tensor imaging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Multiple sclerosis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "brain atrophy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "parallel and perpendicular diffusivity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "tractography", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "9EGPIX9N" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-12-07T17:22:04Z", "dateModified": "2015-12-07T17:22:04Z" } }, { "key": "RG65ECMK", "version": 26, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 413216, "name": "BROB Internship", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/413216/items/RG65ECMK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship/items/RG65ECMK", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/413216/items/HQME2GZI", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2687612, "username": "robalo.bruno", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/robalo.bruno", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "RG65ECMK", "version": 26, "parentItem": "HQME2GZI", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2015-12-07T17:22:04Z", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1111/j.1552-6569.2009.00377.x/asset/j.1552-6569.2009.00377.x.pdf?v=1&t=ihw86sfc&s=46415166a0c2f3cc5663e4bda15d7050b4eb3a35", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-12-07T17:22:04Z", "dateModified": "2015-12-07T17:22:04Z" } }, { "key": "89VW79JU", "version": 26, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 413216, "name": "BROB Internship", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/413216/items/89VW79JU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship/items/89VW79JU", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/413216/items/HQME2GZI", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2687612, "username": "robalo.bruno", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/robalo.bruno", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "89VW79JU", "version": 26, "parentItem": "HQME2GZI", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2015-12-07T17:22:04Z", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1552-6569.2009.00377.x/abstract", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-12-07T17:22:04Z", "dateModified": "2015-12-07T17:22:04Z" } }, { "key": "RU7R8N7C", "version": 38, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 413216, "name": "BROB Internship", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/413216/items/RU7R8N7C", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship/items/RU7R8N7C", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2687612, "username": "robalo.bruno", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/robalo.bruno", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 776702, "username": "patmit", "name": "Mitchelle", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/patmit", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Sbardella et al.", "parsedDate": "2013-03-31", "numChildren": 3 }, "data": { "key": "RU7R8N7C", "version": 38, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "DTI Measurements in Multiple Sclerosis: Evaluation of Brain Damage and Clinical Implications, DTI Measurements in Multiple Sclerosis: Evaluation of Brain Damage and Clinical Implications", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Emilia", "lastName": "Sbardella" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Francesca", "lastName": "Tona" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nikolaos", "lastName": "Petsas" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Patrizia", "lastName": "Pantano" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Emilia", "lastName": "Sbardella" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Francesca", "lastName": "Tona" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nikolaos", "lastName": "Petsas" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Patrizia", "lastName": "Pantano" } ], "abstractNote": "Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an effective means of quantifying parameters of demyelination and axonal loss. The application of DTI in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) has yielded noteworthy results. DTI abnormalities, which are already detectable in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), become more pronounced as disease duration and neurological impairment increase. The assessment of the microstructural alterations of white and grey matter in MS may shed light on mechanisms responsible for irreversible disability accumulation. In this paper, we examine the DTI analysis methods, the results obtained in the various tissues of the central nervous system, and correlations with clinical features and other MRI parameters. The adoption of DTI metrics to assess the outcome of prognostic measures may represent an extremely important step forward in the MS research field., Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an effective means of quantifying parameters of demyelination and axonal loss. The application of DTI in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) has yielded noteworthy results. DTI abnormalities, which are already detectable in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), become more pronounced as disease duration and neurological impairment increase. The assessment of the microstructural alterations of white and grey matter in MS may shed light on mechanisms responsible for irreversible disability accumulation. In this paper, we examine the DTI analysis methods, the results obtained in the various tissues of the central nervous system, and correlations with clinical features and other MRI parameters. The adoption of DTI metrics to assess the outcome of prognostic measures may represent an extremely important step forward in the MS research field.", "publicationTitle": "Multiple Sclerosis International, Multiple Sclerosis International", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2013/03/31, 2013/03/31", "volume": "2013, 2013", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "e671730", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1155/2013/671730, 10.1155/2013/671730", "citationKey": "sbardellaDTIMeasurementsMultiple2013a", "url": "http://www.hindawi.com/journals/msi/2013/671730/abs/, http://www.hindawi.com/journals/msi/2013/671730/abs/", "accessDate": "2015-12-07T17:20:40Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "2090-2654, 2090-2654", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "DTI Measurements in Multiple Sclerosis", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.hindawi.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "9EGPIX9N" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-12-07T17:20:40Z", "dateModified": "2015-12-07T17:20:40Z" } }, { "key": "EZ29H3RA", "version": 25, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 413216, "name": "BROB Internship", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/413216/items/EZ29H3RA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship/items/EZ29H3RA", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/413216/items/RU7R8N7C", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2687612, "username": "robalo.bruno", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/robalo.bruno", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "EZ29H3RA", "version": 25, "parentItem": "RU7R8N7C", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", 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"createdByUser": { "id": 2687612, "username": "robalo.bruno", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/robalo.bruno", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "W9CXC26V", "version": 25, "parentItem": "RU7R8N7C", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2015-12-07T17:20:40Z", "url": "http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/msi/2013/671730.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-12-07T17:20:40Z", "dateModified": "2015-12-07T17:20:40Z" } }, { "key": "CJQT3DF9", "version": 38, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 413216, "name": "BROB Internship", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/413216/items/CJQT3DF9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship/items/CJQT3DF9", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2687612, "username": "robalo.bruno", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/robalo.bruno", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 776702, "username": "patmit", "name": "Mitchelle", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/patmit", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Wingerchuk et al.", "parsedDate": "2001-03-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "CJQT3DF9", "version": 38, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Multiple Sclerosis: Current Pathophysiological Concepts", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dean M.", "lastName": "Wingerchuk" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Claudia F.", "lastName": "Lucchinetti" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John H.", "lastName": "Noseworthy" } ], "abstractNote": "Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an often disabling disease primarily affecting young adults that exhibits extraordinary clinical, radiological, and pathological heterogeneity. We review the following: (a) known environmental and genetic factors that contribute to MS susceptibility; (b) current knowledge regarding fundamental pathophysiological processes in MS, including immune cell recruitment and entry into the central nervous system (CNS), formation of the plaque, and orchestration of the immune response; (c) descriptive and qualitative distinct pathological patterns in MS and their implications; (d) the evidence supporting the causative role of direct toxins, cell-mediated and humorally mediated immune mechanisms, and the concept of a \"primary oligodendrogliopathy\" in demyelination and axonal injury; (e) the potential benefits of inflammation; (f) the prospects for remyelination; and (g) therapeutic implications and approaches suggested by putative pathophysiological mechanisms.", "publicationTitle": "Laboratory Investigation", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "03/01/2001", "volume": "81", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "263-281", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Lab Invest", "DOI": "10.1038/labinvest.3780235", "citationKey": "wingerchukMultipleSclerosisCurrent2001", "url": "http://www.nature.com/labinvest/journal/v81/n3/abs/3780235a.html", "accessDate": "2015-12-07T17:19:54Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0023-6837", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Multiple Sclerosis", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.nature.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "© 2001 Nature Publishing Group", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "9EGPIX9N" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-12-07T17:19:54Z", "dateModified": "2015-12-07T17:19:54Z" } }, { "key": "MMKXK3GS", "version": 24, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 413216, "name": "BROB Internship", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/413216/items/MMKXK3GS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship/items/MMKXK3GS", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/413216/items/CJQT3DF9", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2687612, "username": "robalo.bruno", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/robalo.bruno", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "MMKXK3GS", "version": 24, "parentItem": "CJQT3DF9", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2015-12-07T17:19:54Z", "url": "http://www.nature.com/labinvest/journal/v81/n3/pdf/3780235a.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-12-07T17:19:54Z", "dateModified": "2015-12-07T17:19:54Z" } }, { "key": "GGJN77B5", "version": 24, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 413216, "name": "BROB Internship", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/413216/items/GGJN77B5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship/items/GGJN77B5", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/413216/items/CJQT3DF9", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2687612, "username": "robalo.bruno", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/robalo.bruno", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "GGJN77B5", "version": 24, "parentItem": "CJQT3DF9", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2015-12-07T17:19:54Z", "url": "http://www.nature.com/labinvest/journal/v81/n3/abs/3780235a.html", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-12-07T17:19:54Z", "dateModified": "2015-12-07T17:19:54Z" } }, { "key": "D3J9XA47", "version": 38, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 413216, "name": "BROB Internship", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/413216/items/D3J9XA47", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship/items/D3J9XA47", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2687612, "username": "robalo.bruno", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/robalo.bruno", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 776702, "username": "patmit", "name": "Mitchelle", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/patmit", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ducreux et al.", "parsedDate": "2006-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "D3J9XA47", "version": 38, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "MR diffusion tensor imaging and fiber tracking in 5 spinal cord astrocytomas", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Ducreux" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.-F.", "lastName": "Lepeintre" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P.", "lastName": "Fillard" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C.", "lastName": "Loureiro" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Tadié" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P.", "lastName": "Lasjaunias" } ], "abstractNote": "Spinal cord astrocytomas are rare neoplasms that can result in alteration of the spinal cord structural integrity, which can be assessed by using diffusion tensor imaging methods. Our objective was to visualize the deformation of the posterior spinal cord lemniscal and corticospinal tracts in 5 patients with low-grade astrocytomas compared with 10 healthy volunteers by using 3D fiber-tracking reconstructions.", "publicationTitle": "AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Jan 2006", "volume": "27", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "214-216", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "AJNR Am J Neuroradiol", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "ducreuxMRDiffusionTensor2006", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "16418387", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0195-6108", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Astrocytoma", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Image Processing, Computer-Assisted", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Imaging, Three-Dimensional", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Nerve Fibers", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Spinal Cord Neoplasms", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Spinal cord", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "9EGPIX9N" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-12-07T17:19:05Z", "dateModified": "2015-12-07T17:19:05Z" } }, { "key": "MPSDJBE9", "version": 23, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 413216, "name": "BROB Internship", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/413216/items/MPSDJBE9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship/items/MPSDJBE9", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/413216/items/D3J9XA47", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2687612, "username": "robalo.bruno", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/robalo.bruno", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "MPSDJBE9", "version": 23, "parentItem": "D3J9XA47", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2015-12-07T17:19:05Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16418387", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-12-07T17:19:05Z", "dateModified": "2015-12-07T17:19:05Z" } }, { "key": "DJ8IBTPH", "version": 38, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 413216, "name": "BROB Internship", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/413216/items/DJ8IBTPH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship/items/DJ8IBTPH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2687612, "username": "robalo.bruno", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/robalo.bruno", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 776702, "username": "patmit", "name": "Mitchelle", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/patmit", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Rajasekaran et al.", "parsedDate": "2010-10", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "DJ8IBTPH", "version": 38, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Diffusion tensor tractography demonstration of partially injured spinal cord tracts in a patient with posttraumatic Brown Sequard syndrome", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Shanmughanathan", "lastName": "Rajasekaran" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rishi Mugesh", "lastName": "Kanna" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rajamanickam", "lastName": "Karunanithi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ajoy Prasad", "lastName": "Shetty" } ], "abstractNote": "The authors report the utility of diffusion tensor tractography in demonstrating the partially severed spinal cord tracts on one side with normal, intact, distally traceable tracts on the opposite side in a patient with posttraumatic Brown Sequard syndrome. A 30-year-old man presented with typical clinical features of a hemisection injury of the thoracic spinal cord, 2 months after he had sustained a back stab injury. Routine MRI showed T2 hyperintense zones in the thoracic spinal cord at the level of T5. We did axial single shot echo planar diffusion tensor imaging with a 1.5 Tesla MR machine. Tractography effectively depicted the injured spinal cord tracts on the left side with normal intact tracts on the right side, which could be traced distally. The fractional anisotropy and apparent diffusion coefficient values showed significant changes at the level of injury. Tractographic demonstration of human spinal cord injury is reported for the first time.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of magnetic resonance imaging: JMRI", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Oct 2010", "volume": "32", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "978-981", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Magn Reson Imaging", "DOI": "10.1002/jmri.22320", "citationKey": "rajasekaranDiffusionTensorTractography2010", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "20882629", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1522-2586", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Anisotropy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Brown-Sequard Syndrome", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Diffusion", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Diffusion tensor imaging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Image Processing, Computer-Assisted", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Magnetic resonance imaging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Spinal Cord Injuries", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Spinal cord", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Thoracic Vertebrae", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Wounds, Penetrating", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "9EGPIX9N" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-12-07T17:18:02Z", "dateModified": "2015-12-07T17:18:02Z" } }, { "key": "K7PZV4C5", "version": 22, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 413216, "name": "BROB Internship", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/413216/items/K7PZV4C5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship/items/K7PZV4C5", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/413216/items/DJ8IBTPH", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2687612, "username": "robalo.bruno", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/robalo.bruno", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "K7PZV4C5", "version": 22, "parentItem": "DJ8IBTPH", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2015-12-07T17:18:02Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20882629", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-12-07T17:18:02Z", "dateModified": "2015-12-07T17:18:02Z" } }, { "key": "HMC7KNWD", "version": 38, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 413216, "name": "BROB Internship", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/413216/items/HMC7KNWD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship/items/HMC7KNWD", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2687612, "username": "robalo.bruno", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/robalo.bruno", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 776702, "username": "patmit", "name": "Mitchelle", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/patmit", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Facon et al.", "parsedDate": "2005-07", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "HMC7KNWD", "version": 38, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "MR diffusion tensor imaging and fiber tracking in spinal cord compression", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David", "lastName": "Facon" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Augustin", "lastName": "Ozanne" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Pierre", "lastName": "Fillard" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jean-François", "lastName": "Lepeintre" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Caroline", "lastName": "Tournoux-Facon" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Denis", "lastName": "Ducreux" } ], "abstractNote": "BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Spinal cord damage can result in major functional disability. Alteration of the spinal cord structural integrity can be assessed by using diffusion tensor imaging methods. Our objective is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotropy (FA), and fiber tracking in both acute and slowly progressive spinal cord compressions.\nMETHODS: Fifteen patients with clinical symptoms of acute (n = 2) or slowly progressive (n = 13) spinal cord compression and 11 healthy volunteers were prospectively selected. We performed T2-weighted fast spin echo (FSE) and diffusion tensor imaging by using a 1.5-T MR scanner. ADC and FA maps were computed. Regions of interest were placed at the cervical, upper and lower thoracic cord levels for the healthy subjects and on the area with abnormal T2-weighted signal intensity in the patients with cord compression. In three patients, we used fiber tracking to locate the areas of cord compression precisely. Data were analyzed by using a mixed model. The sensitivity (SE) and specificity (sp) of imaging (T2, ADC, and FA maps) in the detection of spinal cord abnormality were statistically evaluated.\nRESULTS: For the healthy subjects, averaged ADC values ranged from 0.96 10(-3) mm(2)/s to 1.05 10(-3) mm(2)/s and averaged FA values ranged from 0.745 to 0.751. Ten patients had decreased FA (0.67 +/- 0.087), and one had increased FA values (0.831); only two patients had increased ADC values (1.03 +/- 0.177). There was a statistically significant difference in the FA values between volunteers and patients (P = .012). FA had a much higher sensitivity (SE = 73.3%) and specificity (sp = 100%) in spinal cord abnormalities detection compared with T2-weighted FSE imaging (se = 46.7%, sp = 100%) and ADC (SE = 13.4%, sp = 80%).\nCONCLUSIONS: FA has the highest sensitivity and specificity in the detection of acute spinal cord abnormalities. Spinal cord fiber tracking is a useful tool to focus measurements on the compressed spinal cord.", "publicationTitle": "AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2005 Jun-Jul", "volume": "26", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1587-1594", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "AJNR Am J Neuroradiol", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "faconMRDiffusionTensor2005", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "15956535", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0195-6108", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Acute Disease", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Adult", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aged, 80 and over", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Magnetic resonance imaging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Male", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Middle Aged", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Prospective Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sensitivity and Specificity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Spinal Cord Compression", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "9EGPIX9N" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-12-07T17:16:44Z", "dateModified": "2015-12-07T17:16:44Z" } }, { "key": "J5SB4U8I", "version": 21, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 413216, "name": "BROB Internship", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/413216/items/J5SB4U8I", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship/items/J5SB4U8I", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/413216/items/HMC7KNWD", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2687612, "username": "robalo.bruno", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/robalo.bruno", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "J5SB4U8I", "version": 21, "parentItem": "HMC7KNWD", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2015-12-07T17:16:44Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15956535", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-12-07T17:16:44Z", "dateModified": "2015-12-07T17:16:44Z" } }, { "key": "QWK848Z7", "version": 37, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 413216, "name": "BROB Internship", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/413216/items/QWK848Z7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship/items/QWK848Z7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2687612, "username": "robalo.bruno", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/robalo.bruno", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 776702, "username": "patmit", "name": "Mitchelle", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/patmit", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Cohen-Adad et al.", "parsedDate": "2008-08-15", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "QWK848Z7", "version": 37, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Detection of multiple pathways in the spinal cord using q-ball imaging", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Cohen-Adad" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Descoteaux" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Rossignol" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. D.", "lastName": "Hoge" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.", "lastName": "Deriche" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H.", "lastName": "Benali" } ], "abstractNote": "Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been extensively applied to the spinal cord for depicting its architecture and for assessing its integrity following spinal lesions. However, DTI is limited in representing complex white matter architecture, notably in the presence of crossing fibres. Recently, q-ball imaging (QBI) has been proposed as a new method for recovering complex white matter architecture. We applied this technique to both ex vivo and in vivo spinal cords of cats using a 3T scanner. For the purpose of comparison, gradients have been applied in 55 and 100 encoding directions and b-values varied from 800 to 3000 s/mm(2). As a result, QBI was able to retrieve crossing fibre information, where the DTI approach was constrained in a unique diffusion direction. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the benefits of QBI for detecting the presence of longitudinal, commissural and dorso-ventral fibres in the spinal cord. It is a first step towards in vivo characterization of the healthy and injured human spinal cord using high angular resolution diffusion imaging and QBI.", "publicationTitle": "NeuroImage", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Aug 15, 2008", "volume": "42", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "739-749", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Neuroimage", "DOI": "10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.04.243", "citationKey": "cohen-adadDetectionMultiplePathways2008", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "18562214", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1095-9572", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Algorithms", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Animals", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Artificial Intelligence", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cats", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Image Enhancement", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Nerve Fibers, Myelinated", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Neural Pathways", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Pattern Recognition, Automated", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Reproducibility of Results", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sensitivity and Specificity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Spinal cord", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "9EGPIX9N" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-12-07T17:15:02Z", "dateModified": "2015-12-07T17:15:02Z" } }, { "key": "6ZTPHXNB", "version": 20, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 413216, "name": "BROB Internship", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/413216/items/6ZTPHXNB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship/items/6ZTPHXNB", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/413216/items/QWK848Z7", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2687612, "username": "robalo.bruno", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/robalo.bruno", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "6ZTPHXNB", "version": 20, "parentItem": "QWK848Z7", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2015-12-07T17:15:02Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18562214", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-12-07T17:15:02Z", "dateModified": "2015-12-07T17:15:02Z" } }, { "key": "DS4XUAZZ", "version": 37, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 413216, "name": "BROB Internship", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/413216/items/DS4XUAZZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/brob_internship/items/DS4XUAZZ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2687612, "username": "robalo.bruno", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/robalo.bruno", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 776702, "username": "patmit", "name": "Mitchelle", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/patmit", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Tuch", "parsedDate": "2004-12", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "DS4XUAZZ", "version": 37, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Q-ball imaging", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David S.", "lastName": "Tuch" } ], "abstractNote": "Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) provides a powerful tool for mapping neural histoarchitecture in vivo. However, DTI can only resolve a single fiber orientation within each imaging voxel due to the constraints of the tensor model. For example, DTI cannot resolve fibers crossing, bending, or twisting within an individual voxel. Intravoxel fiber crossing can be resolved using q-space diffusion imaging, but q-space imaging requires large pulsed field gradients and time-intensive sampling. It is also possible to resolve intravoxel fiber crossing using mixture model decomposition of the high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) signal, but mixture modeling requires a model of the underlying diffusion process.Recently, it has been shown that the HARDI signal can be reconstructed model-independently using a spherical tomographic inversion called the Funk-Radon transform, also known as the spherical Radon transform. The resulting imaging method, termed q-ball imaging, can resolve multiple intravoxel fiber orientations and does not require any assumptions on the diffusion process such as Gaussianity or multi-Gaussianity. The present paper reviews the theory of q-ball imaging and describes a simple linear matrix formulation for the q-ball reconstruction based on spherical radial basis function interpolation. Open aspects of the q-ball reconstruction algorithm are discussed.", "publicationTitle": "Magnetic Resonance in Medicine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Dec 2004", "volume": "52", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1358-1372", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Magn Reson Med", "DOI": "10.1002/mrm.20279", "citationKey": "tuchQballImaging2004", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "15562495", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0740-3194", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Algorithms", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Brain Mapping", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Image Processing, Computer-Assisted", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "9EGPIX9N" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-12-07T17:14:12Z", "dateModified": "2015-12-07T17:14:12Z" } } ]