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"publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2002", "volume": "5", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "251-269", "series": "Journal of Policy Reform", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://ideas.repec.org/a/taf/jpolrf/v5y2002i4p251-269.html", "accessDate": "2010-06-24T16:57:21Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "It pays to be ignorant", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "RePEc", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-06-24T21:45:18Z", "dateModified": "2010-06-24T21:45:18Z" } }, { "key": "A2PSGGPU", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 4102, "name": "xlabs", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xlabs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/4102/items/A2PSGGPU", "type": 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"series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2003-06-10", "publisher": "Vintage", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "", "ISBN": "0375713913", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "What Just Happened", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Amazon.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-06-24T16:54:32Z", "dateModified": "2010-06-24T16:54:32Z" } }, { "key": "7J9HBWPB", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 4102, "name": "xlabs", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xlabs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/4102/items/7J9HBWPB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xlabs/items/7J9HBWPB", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 40657, "username": "marcmaxson", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/marcmaxson", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Zak et al.", "parsedDate": "2007-11-07", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "7J9HBWPB", "version": 1, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Oxytocin Increases Generosity in Humans", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Paul J", "lastName": "Zak" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Angela A", "lastName": "Stanton" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sheila", "lastName": "Ahmadi" } ], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "MPRA Paper", "date": "2007-11-07", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5650/", "accessDate": "2008-11-20T16:40:39Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "Human beings routinely help strangers at costs to themselves. Sometimes the help offered is generous offering more than the other expects. The proximate mechanisms supporting generosity are not well-understood, but several lines of research suggest a role for empathy. In this study, participants were infused with 40 IU oxytocin (OT) or placebo and engaged in a blinded, one-shot decision on how to split a sum of money with a stranger that could be rejected. Those on OT were 80% more generous than those given a placebo. OT had no effect on a unilateral monetary transfer task dissociating generosity from altruism. OT and altruism together predicted almost half the interpersonal variation in generosity. Notably, OT had twofold larger impact on generosity compared to altruism. This indicates that generosity is associated with both altruism as well as an emotional identification with another person.", "tags": [ { "tag": "D01 - Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-09-09T17:21:54Z", "dateModified": "2009-09-09T17:21:54Z" } }, { "key": "7CNAHN2U", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 4102, "name": "xlabs", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xlabs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/4102/items/7CNAHN2U", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xlabs/items/7CNAHN2U", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 40657, "username": "marcmaxson", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/marcmaxson", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Regnerus et al.", "parsedDate": "1998", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "7CNAHN2U", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Who Gives to the Poor? The Influence of Religious Tradition and Political Location on the Personal Generosity of Americans Toward the Poor.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mark D.", "lastName": "Regnerus" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christian", "lastName": "Smith" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David", "lastName": "Sikkink" } ], "abstractNote": "Americans vary widely in their ideas about causes of and solutions to poverty, and differ as well in what compassion to the poor should look like. Few researchers have examined the complex issue of compassion. Most who have suggest that conservative Protestantism has lagged behind Catholicism and more liberal Protestantism in \"generosity\" or \"commitment\" to the poor. This article examines the giving habits of Americans to organizations which help the poor and needy, using religious and political measures to test the conventional view that devout Catholics and liberal Protestants are the \"friends of the poor,\" and that politically conservative Christians are indifferent or hostile toward them. The results suggest that religion and religiosity do increase giving to the poor, but that there is no support for the conventional wisdom about conservative Protestants. Indeed, the evidence suggests theological and political conservatives are currently more generous in this particular form of charitable giving.", "publicationTitle": "Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1998", "volume": "37", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "481-493", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "Article", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rlh&AN=1175674&site=ehost-live&scope=site", "accessDate": "2008-09-16T19:33:16Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "00218294", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Who Gives to the Poor?", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "COMPASSION", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "GENEROSITY", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "POOR", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "PROTESTANTISM", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "RELIGION", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "RELIGIOUSNESS", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-09-09T17:21:44Z", "dateModified": "2009-09-09T17:21:44Z" } }, { "key": "BUVQTM9U", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 4102, "name": "xlabs", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xlabs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/4102/items/BUVQTM9U", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xlabs/items/BUVQTM9U", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 40657, "username": "marcmaxson", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/marcmaxson", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "List and Lucking-Reiley", "parsedDate": "2002-02", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BUVQTM9U", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Effects of Seed Money and Refunds on Charitable Giving: Experimental Evidence from a University Capital Campaign", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John A.", "lastName": "List" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David", "lastName": "Lucking-Reiley" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "The Journal of Political Economy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Feb., 2002", "volume": "110", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "215-233", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/3078489", "accessDate": "2008-11-11T20:50:12Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "00223808", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The Effects of Seed Money and Refunds on Charitable Giving", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "JSTOR", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "We design a field experiment to test two theories of fund-raising for threshold public goods: Andreoni predicts that publicly announced \"seed money\" will increase chariTable donations, whereas Bagnoli and Lipman predict a similar increase for a refund policy. Experimentally manipulating a solicitation of 3,000 households for a university capital campaign produced data confirming both predictions. Increasing seed money from 10 percent to 67 percent of the campaign goal produced a nearly sixfold increase in contributions, with significant effects on both participation rates and average gift size. Imposing a refund increased contributions by a more modest 20 percent, with significant effects on average gift size.", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-09-09T17:21:36Z", "dateModified": "2009-09-09T17:21:36Z" } }, { "key": "HKQTD6UN", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 4102, "name": "xlabs", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xlabs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/4102/items/HKQTD6UN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xlabs/items/HKQTD6UN", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 40657, "username": "marcmaxson", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/marcmaxson", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kosfeld et al.", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "HKQTD6UN", "version": 1, "itemType": "document", "title": "Oxytocin increases trust in humans", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael", "lastName": "Kosfeld" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Markus", "lastName": "Heinrichs" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Paul", "lastName": "Zak" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Urs", "lastName": "Fischbacher" } ], "abstractNote": "", "type": "", "date": "1920-05-04 05-04-20", "publisher": "Nature, 435: 673-676", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v435/n7042/full/nature03701.html", "accessDate": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-09-09T17:21:29Z", "dateModified": "2009-09-09T17:21:29Z" } }, { "key": "KBN6VTS7", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 4102, "name": "xlabs", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xlabs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/4102/items/KBN6VTS7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xlabs/items/KBN6VTS7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 40657, "username": "marcmaxson", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/marcmaxson", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Karlan and List", "parsedDate": "2007-12", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "KBN6VTS7", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Does price matter in charitable giving? Evidence from a large-scale natural field experiment", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D", "lastName": "Karlan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "JA", "lastName": "List" } ], "abstractNote": "We conducted a natural field experiment to further our understanding of the economics of charity. Using direct mail solicitations to over 50,000 prior donors of a nonprofit organization, we tested the effectiveness of a matching grant on charitable giving. We find that the match offer increases both the revenue per solicitation and the response rate. Larger match ratios (i.e., $3:$1 and $2:$1) relative to a smaller match ratio ($1:$1) had no additional impact, however. The results provide avenues forfuture empirical and theoretical work on charitable giving, cost-benefit analysis, and the private provision of public goods.", "publicationTitle": "AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "DEC 2007", "volume": "97", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1774-1793", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://apps.isiknowledge.com.libproxy.tulane.edu:2048/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=1&SID=2FAodOfFEO8didHbneL&page=1&doc=4", "accessDate": "2008-11-05T17:33:46Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0002-8282", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Does price matter in charitable giving?", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-09-09T17:21:26Z", "dateModified": "2009-09-09T17:21:26Z" } }, { "key": "9RFSHCGH", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 4102, "name": "xlabs", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xlabs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/4102/items/9RFSHCGH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xlabs/items/9RFSHCGH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 40657, "username": "marcmaxson", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/marcmaxson", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Haley and Fessler", "parsedDate": "2005-05", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "9RFSHCGH", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Nobody's watching? Subtle cues affect generosity in an anonymous economic game", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "KJ", "lastName": "Haley" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "DMT", "lastName": "Fessler" } ], "abstractNote": "Models indicate that opportunities for reputation formation can play an important role in sustaining cooperation and prosocial behavior. Results from experimental economic games support this conclusion, as manipulating reputational opportunities affects prosocial behavior. Noting that some prosocial behavior remains even in anonymous noniterated games, some investigators argue that humans possess a propensity for prosociality independent of reputation management. However, decision-making processes often employ both explicit propositional knowledge and intuitive or affective judgments elicited by tacit cues. Manipulating game parameters alters explicit information employed in overt strategizing but leaves intact cues that may affect intuitive judgments relevant to reputation formation. To explore how subtle cues of observability impact prosocial behavior, we conducted five dictator games, manipulating both auditory cues of the presence of others (via the use of sound-deadening earmuffs) and visual cues (via the presentation of stylized eyespots). Although earmuffs appeared to reduce generosity, this effect was not significant. However, as predicted, eyespots substantially increased generosity, despite no differences in actual anonymity; when using a computer displaying eyespots, almost twice as many participants gave money to their partners compared with the controls. Investigations of prosocial behavior must consider both overt information about game parameters and subtle cues influencing intuitive judgments. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.", "publicationTitle": "EVOLUTION AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "MAY 2005", "volume": "26", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "245-256", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://apps.isiknowledge.com.s4.tcs.tulane.edu:2048/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=Refine&qid=2&SID=1CfAml76PoJ5OmOOoF5&page=1&doc=3", "accessDate": "2008-09-16T19:00:06Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1090-5138", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Nobody's watching?", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ISI Web of Knowledge", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-09-09T17:21:18Z", "dateModified": "2009-09-09T17:21:18Z" } }, { "key": "P2IBWP93", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 4102, "name": "xlabs", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xlabs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/4102/items/P2IBWP93", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xlabs/items/P2IBWP93", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 40657, "username": "marcmaxson", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/marcmaxson", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Delgado et al.", "parsedDate": "2008-09-26", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "P2IBWP93", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Understanding Overbidding: Using the Neural Circuitry of Reward to Design Economic Auctions", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mauricio R.", "lastName": "Delgado" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Andrew", "lastName": "Schotter" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Erkut Y.", "lastName": "Ozbay" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Elizabeth A.", "lastName": "Phelps" } ], "abstractNote": "We take advantage of our knowledge of the neural circuitry of reward to investigate a puzzling economic phenomenon: Why do people overbid in auctions? Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we observed that the social competition inherent in an auction results in a more pronounced blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response to loss in the striatum, with greater overbidding correlated with the magnitude of this response. Leveraging these neuroimaging results, we design a behavioral experiment that demonstrates that framing an experimental auction to emphasize loss increases overbidding. These results highlight a role for the contemplation of loss in understanding the tendency to bid \"too high.\" Current economic theories suggest overbidding may result from either \"joy of winning\" or risk aversion. By combining neuroeconomic and behavioral economic techniques, we find that another factor, namely loss contemplation in a social context, may mediate overbidding in auctions.", "publicationTitle": "Science", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "September 26, 2008", "volume": "321", "issue": "5897", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1849-1852", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1126/science.1158860", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/321/5897/1849", "accessDate": "2008-11-05T19:38:54Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Understanding Overbidding", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "HighWire", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-09-09T17:21:06Z", "dateModified": "2009-09-09T17:21:06Z" } }, { "key": "SQ2ASMTT", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 4102, "name": "xlabs", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xlabs", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/4102/items/SQ2ASMTT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/xlabs/items/SQ2ASMTT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 40657, "username": "marcmaxson", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/marcmaxson", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Fafchamps and Owens", "parsedDate": "2009-01-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "SQ2ASMTT", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Determinants of Funding to Ugandan Nongovernmental Organizations", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marcel", "lastName": "Fafchamps" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Trudy", "lastName": "Owens" } ], "abstractNote": "Original Ugandan data collected by the authors are used to examine the determinants of funding to local nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Success in attracting grants from international donors depends mostly on network effects. NGOs that raise in-kind resources locally tend to be young and managed by someone who is simultaneously employed elsewhere. There is some evidence of crowding out: NGOs that receive grant funding are less likely to obtain resources locally, whether in cash or in kind. But this seems to be primarily the result of selection. Once NGO-fixed effects are controlled for, there is no evidence that NGOs receive less revenue from fees and donation after obtaining a grant. These results suggest that donors regard Ugandan NGOs as subcontractors of their development efforts, not as charitable organizations in their own right.", "publicationTitle": "World Bank Econ Rev", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "January 1, 2009", "volume": "23", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "295-321", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1093/wber/lhp001", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://wber.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/23/2/295", "accessDate": "2009-09-09T17:17:32Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "HighWire", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2009-09-09T17:19:41Z", "dateModified": "2009-09-09T17:19:41Z" } } ]