Daily Outlook Afghanistan
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-28T15:33:54Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-28T15:33:54Z" } }, { "key": "8M7A6MWZ", "version": 368, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 402917, "name": "Thought Fall 2015", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/402917/items/8M7A6MWZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015/items/8M7A6MWZ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2647452, "username": "alisoncer", "name": "Alison Cerri", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/alisoncer", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ishiyama", "parsedDate": "2005", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "8M7A6MWZ", "version": 368, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Sickle and the Minaret: Communist Successor Parties in Yemen and Afghanistan after the Cold War", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John", "lastName": "Ishiyama" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper examines the evolution of the only two former ruling Marxist-Leninist parties in the Islamic world -- the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan/Watan Party (PDPA) in Afghanistan & the Yemeni Socialist Party (YSP) -- following the collapse of the Soviet Union. It considers these parties' historic development & how they adjusted to the changed circumstances of the post-Cold War world. The YSP has fared much better than its Afghan counterpart. There are many reasons for this, but perhaps the most striking is the legacy of the past regime. The YSP was far better at institutionalizing its position in Yemeni society than was the PDPA in Afghan society. 3 Tables. Adapted from the source document.", "publicationTitle": "MERIA: Middle East Review of International Affairs", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2005", "volume": "9", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://search.proquest.com.libgateway.susqu.edu/docview/59888428/F069353EF8C74DA2PQ/1", "accessDate": "2015-11-28T15:30:35Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1565-8996", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The Sickle and the Minaret", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ProQuest", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "*Afghanistan", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*Communism", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*Political Change", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*Political Parties", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*Post Cold War Period", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*Yemen", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "UAC9QIZI" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-28T15:33:54Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-28T15:33:54Z" } }, { "key": "Q7GA3RBV", "version": 368, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 402917, "name": "Thought Fall 2015", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/402917/items/Q7GA3RBV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015/items/Q7GA3RBV", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2647452, "username": "alisoncer", "name": "Alison Cerri", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/alisoncer", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bowley", "parsedDate": "2012-02-12", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "Q7GA3RBV", "version": 368, "itemType": "newspaperArticle", "title": "In Afghanistan, a Soviet Past Lies in Ruins: [Foreign Desk]", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Graham", "lastName": "Bowley" } ], "abstractNote": "Like the pool, Kabul holds many glimpses of its Soviet past hidden in plain sight around its jumbled hillsides: a polytechnic school built in the 1960s, when the Soviet Union and the United States jostled for cold war influence in Afghanistan by building big infrastructure projects; or a car factory expanded after 1979, when the Soviet Army marched in to wrench this nation more forcefully into the Kremlin's sphere of power and way of thinking.", "publicationTitle": "New York Times, Late Edition (East Coast)", "publisher": "", "place": "New York, N.Y., United States", "date": "Feb 12, 2012", "volume": "", "issue": "", "edition": "", "section": "A", "pages": "A.6", "ISSN": "03624331", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://search.proquest.com.libgateway.susqu.edu/docview/921038802?pq-origsite=summon", "accessDate": "2015-11-28T15:23:15Z", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "In Afghanistan, a Soviet Past Lies in Ruins", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ProQuest", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Copyright New York Times Company Feb 12, 2012", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Architecture", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Bombings", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Colonialism", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Diplomatic & consular services", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "General Interest Periodicals--United States", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Soviet reorganization", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Suicide bombings", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "UAC9QIZI" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-28T15:33:54Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-28T15:33:54Z" } }, { "key": "AMV8PXGS", "version": 368, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 402917, "name": "Thought Fall 2015", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/402917/items/AMV8PXGS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015/items/AMV8PXGS", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2647452, "username": "alisoncer", "name": "Alison Cerri", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/alisoncer", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Saikal", "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "AMV8PXGS", "version": 368, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Afghanistan: A Seriously Disrupted State", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Amin", "lastName": "Saikal" } ], "abstractNote": "A striking feature of the post-Cold War world has been the dramatic increase in the number of states which, in a variety of ways, can be classified as disrupted. Of all these disrupted states, Afghanistan stands out as a rare case. This article has three objectives. The first is to look at variations in the form of the state, and forms of state-society interaction, and to outline what constitutes a disrupted as opposed to a cohesive state. The second is to examine the internal and external sources of \"disruption\" in Afghanistan, more specifically since the successful pro-Soviet communist coup of April 1978, followed by the Soviet invasion twenty months later, and since the US-led intervention in October 2001 in response to the al-Qaeda attacks in New York and Washington, DC, a month earlier. The third objective is to touch on some responses which are still available to the parties on the ground, drawing on lessons learned from the 1989 Soviet withdrawal.", "publicationTitle": "Global Dialogue (Online)", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Winter 2011", "volume": "13", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "82-93", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://search.proquest.com.libgateway.susqu.edu/docview/883389200/abstract", "accessDate": "2015-11-28T15:27:25Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Afghanistan", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ProQuest", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Copyright Centre for World Dialogue Winter 2011", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Asian history", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Political Science--International Relations", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Political behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Public policy", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "UAC9QIZI" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-28T15:33:54Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-28T15:33:54Z" } }, { "key": "TQHGBX3X", "version": 355, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 402917, "name": "Thought Fall 2015", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/402917/items/TQHGBX3X", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015/items/TQHGBX3X", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2649870, "username": "jhoon19", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jhoon19", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Manganaro and Alozie", "parsedDate": "2011-04", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "TQHGBX3X", "version": 355, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Gender Role Attitudes: Who Supports Expanded Rights for Women in Afghanistan?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lynne", "lastName": "Manganaro" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nicholas", "lastName": "Alozie" } ], "abstractNote": "We use survey data from a national probability sample of 6,593 adult Afghans and multivariate regression that estimates the effects of several factors on separate indices of gender role attitudes generated by exploratory factor analysis to explore whether men and women differ in their gender role attitudes and the extent to which ecological and socio-demographic factors may mediate both within- and across-group differences. We find that men and women differ in their gender role attitudes, as men report more conservative attitudes than women. These differences manifest whether gender role attitude is measured as procuring basic rights for women, or empowering women politically. Moreover, men and women's gender role attitudes are not immutable-education, ethnicity, and urbanization and, in women's case, generational replacement-all act to mediate these differences. The profile of the Afghan man who would hold liberal gender role attitudes is an educated urbanite, non-Sunni or non-Pashtun, who believes in the compatibility of democracy and Islam, trusts outsiders, has exposure to the formal media, and would extend equal rights to all irrespective of gender, religion, or ethnicity. That of the woman is of a younger, educated urbanite, non-Pashtun, who believes in the compatibility of democracy and Islam, trusts outsiders, has exposure to the formal media, and would extend equal rights to all regardless of gender, religion, or ethnicity.", "publicationTitle": "Sex Roles", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "April 2011", "volume": "64", "issue": "7/8", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "516-529", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Sex Roles", "DOI": "10.1007/s11199-011-9931-6", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://libgateway.susqu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=59438138&site=ehost-live", "accessDate": "2015-11-09T05:59:06Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "03600025", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Gender Role Attitudes", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "A survey was done to explore whether or not men and women differ in their idea of gender roles and the attitudes regarding them. The survey was also following the idea as to whether or not placement in society and demographics play a role in the beliefs and attitudes. The results show that men are more conservative, therefore they differ in their gender role attitudes. These differences are probably a result of education, ethnicity, and society. Depending on their place in society, their backgrounds, education and more, Afghan men and women will have different viewpoints on gender roles and morality.", "tags": [ { "tag": "AFGHANISTAN", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "AFGHANS", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ATTITUDE (Psychology)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "GENDER role", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Gender role attitudes", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Gender role orientation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Islamic women", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "MUSLIM women", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "WOMEN'S rights", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "BNNVRPZR" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-09T05:59:06Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-09T06:20:34Z" } }, { "key": "RFNXH2K3", "version": 354, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 402917, "name": "Thought Fall 2015", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/402917/items/RFNXH2K3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015/items/RFNXH2K3", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2649870, "username": "jhoon19", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jhoon19", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Rostami-Povey", "parsedDate": "2007-02", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "RFNXH2K3", "version": 354, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Gender, agency and identity, the case of Afghan women in Afghanistan, Pakistan and Iran", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Elaheh", "lastName": "Rostami-Povey" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper will discuss how Afghan women, as diverse groups, exercised autonomy and agency in diaspora (Iran and Pakistan) and in Afghanistan under US-led invasion. Negotiations between social, political, economic, ethnic, cultural and gender spheres are a constant battle for Afghan women. They have invented different ways of coping with life, under the most extreme forms of coercion, fear and high levels of uncertainties. In diaspora, despite marginalisation, they established women's voices and agency. Exile became an important factor to reshape their identity according to their diverse positions. Under NATO and US-led invasion they are challenging imperialist representation of Afghan women. They are seeking freedom from hierarchical and patriarchal domination. They hope that their active agency will enable them to establish their own identity free from male, ethnic, religious and imperial domination. The paper will draw the attention of the reader to the enormous influence of state policies (Afghanistan/US, Iran, Pakistan), as well as the impact of women's movement in Iran and the NGOs in Pakistan, on the lives of Afghan women and men in Afghanistan and diasporic communities.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Development Studies", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "February 2007", "volume": "43", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "294-311", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Journal of Development Studies", "DOI": "10.1080/00220380601125149", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://libgateway.susqu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=24154250&site=ehost-live", "accessDate": "2015-11-06T17:00:34Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "00220388", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "The article shows how Afghan women were able to live during the time of the US invasion. Afghan women are constantly facing a struggle over gender and cultural ideals and have learned of ways to live under pressure and fear. They are challenging the current idea of women in Afghanistan and are trying to break out of the patriarchal way of life. And they are not alone. They are affected in many ways by outside forces. There is a great influence from the state policies of outside countries.", "tags": [ { "tag": "AFGHANISTAN", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "AUTONOMY (Political science)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "IRAN", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "PAKISTAN", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "WOMEN", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Women's Issues", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "BNNVRPZR" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-06T17:00:34Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-09T06:10:39Z" } }, { "key": "AS5XIRAB", "version": 353, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 402917, "name": "Thought Fall 2015", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/402917/items/AS5XIRAB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015/items/AS5XIRAB", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/402917/items/TQHGBX3X", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2649870, "username": "jhoon19", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jhoon19", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "AS5XIRAB", "version": 353, "parentItem": "TQHGBX3X", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "EBSCO Full Text", "accessDate": "2015-11-09T05:59:06Z", "url": "http://content.ebscohost.com/ContentServer.asp?T=P&P=AN&K=59438138&S=R&D=sih&EbscoContent=dGJyMMvl7ESeprc4zOX0OLCmr02epq5Ss6%2B4SLSWxWXS&ContentCustomer=dGJyMPGusk%2B2p7NOuePfgeyx44Dt6fIA", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-09T05:59:06Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-09T05:59:06Z" } }, { "key": "U6SUJWSN", "version": 350, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 402917, "name": "Thought Fall 2015", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/402917/items/U6SUJWSN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015/items/U6SUJWSN", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2649023, "username": "diva97rglg", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/diva97rglg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 2650372, "username": "kurienpa", "name": "Phoebe Kurien", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/kurienpa", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Samar et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-07-02", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "U6SUJWSN", "version": 350, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Towards gender equality in health in Afghanistan", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sima", "lastName": "Samar" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Anwer", "lastName": "Aqil" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Joanna", "lastName": "Vogel" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lora", "lastName": "Wentzel" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sharifullah", "lastName": "Haqmal" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Etsuko", "lastName": "Matsunaga" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Elena", "lastName": "Vuolo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nigina", "lastName": "Abaszadeh" } ], "abstractNote": "The Afghanistan gender inequality index shows that 70% loss in development is due to the limited participation of women in the workforce, low education and poor women's health outcomes. However, since the fall of the Taliban regime in 2002, gender inequalities in health have improved. This paper will review factors that led to these improvements. The review draws upon information from various sources, including formative and applied research, surveys and existing information systems. The review showed gender differentials in morbidity, mortality and accessing and utilising health services. Health professionals have expressed inadequate medical knowledge and interpersonal skills to address sensitive issues, such as domestic, physical and sexual violence. Discussing sexuality and its impact on health remains taboo both within and outside of the medical profession. Strict cultural norms restrict a woman's autonomy to seek health care, choose a marriage partner and have control over her body, indicating a need to increase awareness about how harmful social practices adversely affect health. The policy review showed that the Ministry of Public Health has made a commitment to reducing gender inequity in health and developed a two-pronged action plan to improve health providers' skills in handling gender-sensitive issues and mass media campaigns to change social norms.", "publicationTitle": "Global Public Health", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "July 2, 2014", "volume": "9", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "S76-S92", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Global Public Health", "DOI": "10.1080/17441692.2014.913072", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "17441692", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "While there has been a movement towards improvement, Afghanistan still struggles deeply with gender inequalities. This directly effects the healthcare of the women in their society for a variety of reasons. The women, within this society, carry their family’s honor on their shoulders, so they go to extreme measures to preserve it even if it means endangering themselves. In general, the women go to more traditional methods of treating their ailments rather than confronting a healthcare professional. They don’t feel comfortable going to these facilities, either because they understand how they operate or they don’t know how to access healthcare. Even if they know where to go and what to do, many times they have no means of getting to healthcare facilities. It is also taboo to speak of one’s health, so many of these manageable needs are not addressed or understood, especially when it comes to sexual health. Many STDs and complicated pregnancies endanger women, since they are never diagnosed. Men though, directly address the problems and symptoms they are having, even if they don’t initially acknowledge them, they will eventually go to get treated. The gender inequalities that women face, directly effects their health and well-being.", "tags": [ { "tag": "AFGHANISTAN", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "FAMILY violence", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "GENDER", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "GOVERNMENT policy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "HEALTH systems agencies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems -- Psychology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "MEDICAL care", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "MEDLINE", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "MORTALITY", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "SEX distribution (Demography)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "SOCIAL values", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "SYSTEMATIC reviews (Medical research)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "domestic violence", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "equality", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "gender-based violence", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "health", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "BNNVRPZR" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-10-30T16:00:10Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-09T03:42:17Z" } }, { "key": "XK9GEE4T", "version": 348, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 402917, "name": "Thought Fall 2015", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/402917/items/XK9GEE4T", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015/items/XK9GEE4T", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2648931, "username": "rebekkarosen", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/rebekkarosen", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kamali", "parsedDate": "2008-01-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "XK9GEE4T", "version": 348, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "References to Islam and Women in the Afghan Constitution", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mohammad Hashim", "lastName": "Kamali" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Arab Law Quarterly", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "January 1, 2008", "volume": "22", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "270-306", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Arab Law Quarterly", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/27650624", "accessDate": "2015-11-06T16:57:18Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0268-0556", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "JSTOR", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Copyright © 2008 BRILL", "extra": "The nation of Afghanistan is diverse in terms of ethnicity and tribal views. What unites the Afghan people is that ninety-nine percent of them define themselves as Islamic.Afghanistan has had many constitutions since the creation of the nation. This article discusses how the views illustrated in the nation's constitution has evolved. Specifically, Kamali focuses on how Afghan laws address the treatment of women. To further unite the people since 2001, the constitution set into place in 2004 names Afghanistan as an Islamic Republic. The nation's laws address such devotion to Islamic beliefs.", "tags": [], "collections": [ "PA3K6AME" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-06T16:57:18Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-09T03:12:11Z" } }, { "key": "HFPME67W", "version": 345, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 402917, "name": "Thought Fall 2015", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/402917/items/HFPME67W", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015/items/HFPME67W", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2648804, "username": "killeenk", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/killeenk", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 2647452, "username": "alisoncer", "name": "Alison Cerri", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/alisoncer", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Saikal", "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "HFPME67W", "version": 345, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Afghanistan: A Seriously Disrupted State", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Amin", "lastName": "Saikal" } ], "abstractNote": "A striking feature of the post-Cold War world has been the dramatic increase in the number of states which, in a variety of ways, can be classified as disrupted. Of all these disrupted states, Afghanistan stands out as a rare case. This article has three objectives. The first is to look at variations in the form of the state, and forms of state-society interaction, and to outline what constitutes a disrupted as opposed to a cohesive state. The second is to examine the internal and external sources of \"disruption\" in Afghanistan, more specifically since the successful pro-Soviet communist coup of April 1978, followed by the Soviet invasion twenty months later, and since the US-led intervention in October 2001 in response to the al-Qaeda attacks in New York and Washington, DC, a month earlier. The third objective is to touch on some responses which are still available to the parties on the ground, drawing on lessons learned from the 1989 Soviet withdrawal.", "publicationTitle": "Global Dialogue (Online)", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Winter 2011", "volume": "13", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "82-93", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://search.proquest.com/docview/883389200/abstract", "accessDate": "2015-10-30T15:58:28Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Afghanistan", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ProQuest", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Copyright Centre for World Dialogue Winter 2011", "extra": "This journal article describes what has caused Afghanistan to become and remain a disrupted state. It describes how the Soviet take-over and Western occupation caused damage to Afghanistan the greatly hindered it economically. It also discusses how the Taliban has a different political ideology then the leader Karzai who believes in Democracy. These two conflicting ideas have caused more disruption in Afghanistan. It also discusses how the different ethnic groups have caused disruption in Afghanistan.", "tags": [ { "tag": "Asian history" }, { "tag": "Political Science--International Relations" }, { "tag": "Political behavior" }, { "tag": "Public policy" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-10-30T15:59:24Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-09T02:56:44Z" } }, { "key": "DC9JIUJW", "version": 345, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 402917, "name": "Thought Fall 2015", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/402917/items/DC9JIUJW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015/items/DC9JIUJW", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2648804, "username": "killeenk", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/killeenk", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 2647452, "username": "alisoncer", "name": "Alison Cerri", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/alisoncer", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ishiyama", "parsedDate": "2005", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "DC9JIUJW", "version": 345, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Sickle and the Minaret: Communist Successor Parties in Yemen and Afghanistan after the Cold War", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John", "lastName": "Ishiyama" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper examines the evolution of the only two former ruling Marxist-Leninist parties in the Islamic world -- the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan/Watan Party (PDPA) in Afghanistan & the Yemeni Socialist Party (YSP) -- following the collapse of the Soviet Union. It considers these parties' historic development & how they adjusted to the changed circumstances of the post-Cold War world. The YSP has fared much better than its Afghan counterpart. There are many reasons for this, but perhaps the most striking is the legacy of the past regime. The YSP was far better at institutionalizing its position in Yemeni society than was the PDPA in Afghan society. 3 Tables. Adapted from the source document.", "publicationTitle": "MERIA: Middle East Review of International Affairs", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2005", "volume": "9", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://search.proquest.com/docview/59888428/FD8124A4C18C42EEPQ/3", "accessDate": "2015-10-30T16:01:35Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1565-8996", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The Sickle and the Minaret", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ProQuest", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "This article compares the PDPA in Afghanistan and the YSP. It discusses how these are the two remaining groups based on Lennist in the Islam community. It describes how the Soviet Union influenced the PDPA, and how the PDPA in Afghanistan is not as successul as the YSP. It describes the differences that caused this such as how Afghanistan is not a stable enough place the PDPA to be successful.", "tags": [ { "tag": "*Afghanistan" }, { "tag": "*Communism" }, { "tag": "*Political Change" }, { "tag": "*Political Parties" }, { "tag": "*Post Cold War Period" }, { "tag": "*Yemen" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-10-30T16:01:35Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-09T02:56:27Z" } }, { "key": "GS9WTZVD", "version": 344, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 402917, "name": "Thought Fall 2015", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/402917/items/GS9WTZVD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015/items/GS9WTZVD", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2647452, "username": "alisoncer", "name": "Alison Cerri", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/alisoncer", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Mohammadi", "parsedDate": "2011-06-13", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "GS9WTZVD", "version": 344, "itemType": "newspaperArticle", "title": "Afghanistan: Sunk Boat of Communism and Sinking Ship of Democracy, No Chance of Survival", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Latif", "lastName": "Mohammadi" } ], "abstractNote": "Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 and subsequent installation of a communist puppet regime in the country created a dangerous divide between religious, Islamic values of Afghan culture-in Afghanistan people look at the world through prism of religion and tribal affiliations- and what they perceived to be a godless communist regime set upon destroying their religion, cultures values and fabric of their tribal society.", "publicationTitle": "Daily Outlook Afghanistan", "publisher": "", "place": "Kabul, India", "date": "Jun 13, 2011", "volume": "", "issue": "", "edition": "", "section": "", "pages": "", "ISSN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://search.proquest.com/docview/871930473/abstract/E014ACC06A184E6FPQ/2", "accessDate": "2015-11-09T01:42:55Z", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Afghanistan", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ProQuest", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Copyright 2011 Outlook Afghanistan, distributed by Contify.com", "extra": "This article explores Afghanistan and its current relationship with democracy and past relationship with communism. The author says that democracy cannot survive in Afghanistan, because communism did not thirty five years ago: history will repeat itself. In regards to communism, Afghanistan is a religious nation, and communism is secular. Girls went to school under communism when the Afghan culture dictates that they should stay home. The tribal inclinations of this society were incongruous with what communism demanded. This resulted in political instability, the perfect grounds for terrorist groups to gain power and control. The author also believes that the United States foolishly thinks they can instate democracy in Afghanistan, however, democracy works when a large middle class exists. Afghanistan has a very small middle class. Furthermore, there needs to be a sense of unity among the citizens of the nation. The people of Afghanistan are bound together only under the name of their country: they bond under their tribal ties. They have a medieval view of justice. The author of this article argues that Afghanistan did not rapidly progress like the West because the influence of the Age of the Enlightenment did not reach them, nor industrialization. Countries like the USSR and the United States thus failed, and will fail, in importing their western political and economic systems into Afghanistan because these systems are not compatible with Afghan politics, economics, and society. Afghanistan did not undergo intellectual revolutions like the west did, and it is thus impossible for western ideas to thrive there.", "tags": [ { "tag": "Cultural values", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Democracy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "POLITICAL science", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-09T01:42:55Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-09T02:13:29Z" } }, { "key": "A6Z534CF", "version": 342, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 402917, "name": "Thought Fall 2015", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/402917/items/A6Z534CF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015/items/A6Z534CF", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/402917/items/GS9WTZVD", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2647452, "username": "alisoncer", "name": "Alison Cerri", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/alisoncer", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "A6Z534CF", "version": 342, "parentItem": "GS9WTZVD", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Full Text Snapshot", "accessDate": "2015-11-09T01:42:55Z", "url": "http://search.proquest.com/docview/871930473/fulltext?accountid=28755", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-09T01:42:55Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-09T01:42:55Z" } }, { "key": "6QP5J5D3", "version": 340, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 402917, "name": "Thought Fall 2015", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/402917/items/6QP5J5D3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015/items/6QP5J5D3", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2648931, "username": "rebekkarosen", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/rebekkarosen", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Guest", "parsedDate": "2010-12", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "6QP5J5D3", "version": 340, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Dynamic interplay between religion and armed conflict in Afghanistan", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ken", "lastName": "Guest" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "International Review of the Red Cross", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "December 2010", "volume": "92", "issue": "880", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "877-897", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "International Review of the Red Cross", "DOI": "10.1017/S1816383111000038", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://libgateway.susqu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=70363602&site=ehost-live", "accessDate": "2015-11-05T15:39:51Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "18163831", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "This articles stresses the importance of understanding how and why Afghan's have the point of view that they do. This will in turn educate people on why they act/respond in the way that they do. Afghanistan is influenced by a varity of factors including its diverse geography, tribal values, and its dedication to religion. Afghanistan has been influenced by a variety of religions including, Buddhism, Islam, and Zoroastianism. Islam has greatly impacted Afghanistan's societal laws on both a legal and a moral level. The Afghan people are devoted to their faith, they show this adoration through their obedience. This can become a problem when new laws interfere with previous laws and traditions. Over the years, foreign eyes often look at their actions in war and are confused by their contraditicion with Islamic beliefs. Islamic leaders often look at these concerns and consider how they can stay true to the Islamic faith.", "tags": [ { "tag": "AFGHANISTAN", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ISLAM", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "MILITARY art & science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "PUSHTUNS", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "SOCIAL aspects", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "TERRORISM", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "WAR -- Religious aspects", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "PA3K6AME" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-06T16:23:30Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-08T23:18:43Z" } }, { "key": "ZVJBPG49", "version": 335, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 402917, "name": "Thought Fall 2015", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/402917/items/ZVJBPG49", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015/items/ZVJBPG49", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/402917/items/DC9JIUJW", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2648804, "username": "killeenk", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/killeenk", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ZVJBPG49", "version": 335, "parentItem": "DC9JIUJW", "itemType": "note", "note": "This article compares the PDPA in Afghanistan and the YSP. It discusses how these are the two remaining groups based on Lennist in the Islam community. It describes how the Soviet Union influenced the PDPA, and how the PDPA in Afghanistan is not as successul as the YSP. It describes the differences that caused this such as how Afghanistan is not a stable enough place the PDPA to be successful.
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-08T20:04:38Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-08T20:04:38Z" } }, { "key": "N4DS5WI5", "version": 330, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 402917, "name": "Thought Fall 2015", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/402917/items/N4DS5WI5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015/items/N4DS5WI5", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/402917/items/HFPME67W", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2648804, "username": "killeenk", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/killeenk", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "N4DS5WI5", "version": 330, "parentItem": "HFPME67W", "itemType": "note", "note": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-08T19:44:46Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-08T19:44:46Z" } }, { "key": "XZQ3TBXQ", "version": 330, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 402917, "name": "Thought Fall 2015", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/402917/items/XZQ3TBXQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015/items/XZQ3TBXQ", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/402917/items/HFPME67W", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2648804, "username": "killeenk", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/killeenk", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "XZQ3TBXQ", "version": 330, "parentItem": "HFPME67W", "itemType": "note", "note": "This journal article describes what has caused Afghanistan to become and remain a disrupted state. It describes how the Soviet take-over and Western occupation caused damage to Afghanistan the greatly hindered it economically. It also discusses how the Taliban has a different political ideology then the leader Karzai who believes in Democracy. These two conflicting ideas have caused more disruption in Afghanistan. It also discusses how the different ethnic groups have caused disruption in Afghanistan.
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-08T19:44:46Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-08T19:44:46Z" } }, { "key": "87R9K9I5", "version": 328, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 402917, "name": "Thought Fall 2015", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/402917/items/87R9K9I5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015/items/87R9K9I5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2647452, "username": "alisoncer", "name": "Alison Cerri", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/alisoncer", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bowley", "parsedDate": "2012-02-12", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "87R9K9I5", "version": 328, "itemType": "newspaperArticle", "title": "In Afghanistan, a Soviet Past Lies in Ruins", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Graham", "lastName": "Bowley" } ], "abstractNote": "KABUL, Afghanistan--As poignant in its imperial ambition as in its otherworldliness, the Soviet-era swimming pool atop Swimming Pool Hill here is as good a symbol as any of the doubtful legacy of empires.", "publicationTitle": "New York Times (1923-Current file)", "publisher": "", "place": "New York, N.Y., United States", "date": "Feb 12, 2012", "volume": "", "issue": "", "edition": "", "section": "", "pages": "6–7", "ISSN": "03624331", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://search.proquest.com/hnpnewyorktimes/docview/1705838886/abstract/86CFD560AC504A15PQ/16", "accessDate": "2015-10-30T15:54:01Z", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ProQuest", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Copyright New York Times Company Feb 12, 2012", "extra": "This article is a spread regarding the lasting effects of the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan. It illustrates how the ideology and infrastructure the USSR implemented has since been destroyed, in both mental and physical senses. The article opens with the description of a swimming pool built by the Soviets around Kabul, along with a polytechnic school and car factory, which are desolate. These observations reveal that attempts to mold Afghanistan into a modern and Communist nation were futile. The author also later describes the transformation of Soviet murals depicting Afghan and Russian men and women to a vandalized caricature of Taliban leaders instructing children to be suicide bombers. One of the only relatively untainted reminders of the Soviet occupation is Mikrorayon, battered blocks of gray apartment buildings now a \"safe\" home for the Afghan upper middle class, and is equipped with modern commodities. Bowley relays commentary from a British ambassador, a Russian ambassador, and locals regarding Afghanistan's evolution during and following the USSR's involvement. The British ambassador has no hope for the idea of modernizing Afghanistan: the Soviets failed to sever the nation's antiquated, traditional roots, and he does not believe it is possible twenty-five years later. The Russian ambassador wishes to continue the many plans the USSR had to improve Afghanistan's infrastructure. Locals say that the Soviet era was a successful, liberating time for Afghanistan, but are unhappy with its minimal legacy. This investigation of the limited remains of Soviet influence suggests that any attempt for change, no matter how strong the presence is at the time, will not last in Afghanistan.", "tags": [ { "tag": "General Interest Periodicals--United States", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "n team 2" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-10-30T15:54:01Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-06T22:34:07Z" } }, { "key": "C5P9G5FM", "version": 325, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 402917, "name": "Thought Fall 2015", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/402917/items/C5P9G5FM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015/items/C5P9G5FM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2648874, "username": "jackdonnelly", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jackdonnelly", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Akhtar", "parsedDate": "2008-12", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "C5P9G5FM", "version": 325, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Pakistan, Afghanistan, and the Taliban", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nasreen", "lastName": "Akhtar" } ], "abstractNote": "Pakistan and Afghanistan are neighboring states in South Asia. The Taliban is primarily centered in the border region of Pakistan and Afghanistan, affecting the politics of both countries. Pakistan is the country blamed for harboring enemies of Afghanistan during the Afghan-Soviet war (1979-1989). After the collapse of Soviet Afghanistan, that country became more fragmented and divided internally. The Taliban emerged as a major political and military force in 1996. They were supported by Pakistan both diplomatically and materially and harbored Osama bin Laden who was involved in the 9/11 incident. Pakistan decided to support the U.S. policy of war on terrorism and this meant Pakistan officially went to war against the Taliban. Pakistan's goal is to see a stable Afghanistan, but if the U.S. would withdraw its forces, elements in Pakistan might once again be tempted to favor the Pastuns in the governance of Afghanistan.", "publicationTitle": "International Journal on World Peace", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "December 2008", "volume": "25", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "49-73", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "International Journal on World Peace", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://libgateway.susqu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=36375538&site=ehost-live", "accessDate": "2015-10-30T16:02:43Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "07423640", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "The Taliban was able to easily conquer the government in Kabul due to support from Pakistan and its organization. Since its capture of the government and retreat back into hiding, the Taliban has remained a strong influence in Afghani life. Not to mention it remains a focal point of the relationship between Pakistan and Afghanistan. Pakistan has stopped its war against terrorism in its western regions, and the area has become a safe haven for recruiting and training young fighters. Fighters who will cross the border back into Afghanistan. The Taliban is able to continue to recruit these followers because of the weakness and unreliability of the current US backed government, the organization of the Taliban movement, and the religious zeal that supports the position of men in society. As long as the government is unable to improve the economic and social conditions in Afghanistan, the Taliban will be able to remain a reasonably powerful force that will continue to promote instability and anarchy in the region.", "tags": [ { "tag": "AFGHANISTAN", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "AFGHANISTAN -- Politics & government -- 1973-1989", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "BIN Laden, Osama, 1957-2011", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "HISTORY", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "PAKISTAN", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "PAKISTAN -- Politics & government -- 1988-", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "SOVIET occupation, 1979-1989", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "TALIBAN", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "WAR on Terrorism, 2001-2009", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "RCRWSQT3" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-10-30T16:07:49Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-06T17:12:21Z" } }, { "key": "UUNXFQ97", "version": 324, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 402917, "name": "Thought Fall 2015", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/402917/items/UUNXFQ97", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015/items/UUNXFQ97", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2648874, "username": "jackdonnelly", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/jackdonnelly", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Johnson and Mason", "parsedDate": "2007", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "UUNXFQ97", "version": 324, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Understanding the Taliban and Insurgency in Afghanistan", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Thomas H.", "lastName": "Johnson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. Chris", "lastName": "Mason" } ], "abstractNote": "Afghanistan is in danger of capsizing in a perfect storm of insurgency that mimics operations and tactics witnessed in Iraq. This article assesses this insurgency and the re-emergent Taliban. The common view of the Taliban as simply a radical Afghan Islamist movement is overly simple, for that organization has been able to build on tribal kinship networks and a charismatic mullah phenomenon to mobilize a critical and dynamic rural base of support. This support, buttressed by Talib reinforcements from Pakistan's border areas, is enough to frustrate the U.S.-led Coalition's counterinsurgency strategy. At the operational level, the Taliban is fighting a classic “war of the flea,” while the Coalition continues to fight the war largely according to the Taliban “game plan.” This is resulting in its losing the war in Afghanistan one Pashtun village at a time.", "publicationTitle": "Orbis", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2007", "volume": "51", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "71-89", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Orbis", "DOI": "10.1016/j.orbis.2006.10.006", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0030438706001104", "accessDate": "2015-10-30T16:00:09Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0030-4387", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "The article focuses around the ability of the Taliban to remain a threat and why it is able to remain a threat. Mullahs and other conservative religious leaders who have considerable influence in many Afghan regions, support the Taliban movement. This support therefore influences many of the people who either join up or support a Taliban overthrow of the weak, American backed government. Much of Taliban support comes from the rural areas. Afghanis in rural areas are generally conservative and (as most rural areas are) have direct relationships with their religious leaders. As long as religious conservatism remains strong and the government in Kabul cannot provide an enticing alternative, the Taliban will remain present and will most likely outlast any US support.", "tags": [], "collections": [ "RCRWSQT3" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-10-30T16:07:54Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-06T17:12:02Z" } }, { "key": "QTTEJCCJ", "version": 323, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 402917, "name": "Thought Fall 2015", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/402917/items/QTTEJCCJ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015/items/QTTEJCCJ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2648449, "username": "sh144", "name": "Harry Gross", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sh144", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 2648844, "username": "zega", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/zega", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lawler", "parsedDate": "2011-10-09", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "QTTEJCCJ", "version": 323, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Seeking Zoroastrianism's Roots", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Andrew", "lastName": "Lawler" } ], "abstractNote": "The article discusses the Zoroastrian religion, founded by the prophet Zoroaster, which dominated the Middle East and Central Asia before the 7th century. The article describes the discovery of a carved rock at the Cheshm-e Shafa site in Afghanistan that may have been a Zoroastrian fire altar. Topics addressed include the history of Zoroaster and Zoroastrianism, archaeologist Nicolas Engel's discovery of the altar, and archaeologist Frantz Grenet's suggestion that it is a Persian fire temple.", "publicationTitle": "Archaeology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2011/09//Sep/Oct2011", "volume": "64", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "46-46", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Archaeology", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://libgateway.susqu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=64374735&site=ehost-live", "accessDate": "2015-10-30T16:03:23Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "00038113", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "The prophet Zoroaster was born in a trade city in northern Afghanistan, by the name of Balk. It is also said that he died in this city. Within the city, as well as the surrounding territories of other countries of the Middle East, like Uzbekistan, temples to the religion of Zoroaster were constructed. Although they lay dormant today, great Fire-Temples, worshiping the powerful element of fire, are present throughout Afghanistan as ghostly reminders of the religion that once reigned in that area centuries before.", "tags": [ { "tag": "ALTARS", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "GRENET, Frantz", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "MIDDLE East", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "RELIGION", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "RELIGION -- History", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "TEMPLES", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ZOROASTRIANISM", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ZOROASTRIANISM & other religions", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "PA3K6AME" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-10-30T16:03:23Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-06T17:10:38Z" } }, { "key": "6QQBXMUZ", "version": 322, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 402917, "name": "Thought Fall 2015", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/402917/items/6QQBXMUZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015/items/6QQBXMUZ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2648844, "username": "zega", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/zega", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Sultanova", "parsedDate": "2008-01-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "6QQBXMUZ", "version": 322, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Female Celebrations in Uzbekistan and Afghanistan: The Power of Cosmology in Musical Rites", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Razia", "lastName": "Sultanova" } ], "abstractNote": "Fazoshunoslik keng ma'noda koinotning tabiatiyu fizik tuzumini o'rganadi. Tarixan fazoshunoslik tushunchalari odamzot madaniyatini shakllantirib kelgan. O'zbek madaniyatining musiqasida uning o'rni qanday? Ayollarning O'zbekiston va Afg'onistondagi majlislari shamsiy va qamariy taqvimlarga asoslangan bo'lib turli dinlarga taaluqlidir (Manixeizm va Zardushtlikdan kelib chiqqan ayol ilohiyatlar, Islom dinining yakkaxudoligi). Ayollar Islomdan avval tatbiq etilgan Navro'z kabi bayramlarni va yoxud islomiy bo'lgan Iyd bayramini doirada o'ynab, chapak chalib ashulalar bilan kutib olishadi. Turlicha boshqa marosimlar yakkaxonlik, jo'ranavozlik va yo qa'shilib kuylash hamda hamdu-na'tlar, duoyu salovatlarga asoslangan. Bu kabi marosimiy kuylar jo'ngina nag'malardan tashkil topgan bo'lib, ularning usullari hamda vaznlari qisqadir. Bu kabi nag'malar qadim zamonlardan qolgan va dastlab ular yomonlikdan, yovuz ko'zdan saqlash kabi ma'nolarni kasb etib koinot bilan uzviy aloqani anglatgan. Maqola fazoshunoslikning tushunchalari O'zbekiston hamda Afg'onistonda yashovchi o'zbek ayollarining yig'inlariyu ularda ijro etiladigan musiqaning shakli va mazmunini o'rganadi.", "publicationTitle": "Yearbook for Traditional Music", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "January 1, 2008", "volume": "40", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "8-20", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Yearbook for Traditional Music", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/20465063", "accessDate": "2015-11-06T16:32:24Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0740-1558", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Female Celebrations in Uzbekistan and Afghanistan", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "JSTOR", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Copyright © 2008 International Council for Traditional Music", "extra": "This journal article describes the history of pre-islamic Afghnistan and the lasting effects of Zoroastrianism. The author did field work in Afghnistan during Ramadan and noted that females recall legends about the universe and cosmology during Islamic celebrations. Afghan women create quilts containing stars, birds, and planets. Zoroastrianism is reflected in modern culture and celebrations, but in Afghanistan, Islam dominates and female godesses of Zoroastraism are generally not celebrated. In Uzbekistan, Soviet influence had a different impact on the country and allowed Zoroastrianism to persist. In Uzbekistan, female godesses are often worshipped despite male-centric Islam beliefs.", "tags": [], "collections": [ "PA3K6AME" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-06T16:32:47Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-06T17:08:44Z" } }, { "key": "NE85DDZF", "version": 353, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 402917, "name": "Thought Fall 2015", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/402917/items/NE85DDZF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015/items/NE85DDZF", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2649023, "username": "diva97rglg", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/diva97rglg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Needham", "parsedDate": "2013", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "NE85DDZF", "version": 353, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "After the Arab Spring: a new opportunity for LGBT human rights advocacy?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jayesh", "lastName": "Needham" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2013", "volume": "20", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "287+", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://libgateway.susqu.edu/login?url=http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA355246692&v=2.1&u=susqu_main&it=r&p=&sw=w&asid=9747fd7d1fea5e4bfe6faece099fe6e1", "accessDate": "2015-11-06T17:05:53Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "10901043", "archive": "Expanded Academic ASAP", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "After the Arab Spring", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "Gale", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "287", "tags": [ { "tag": "Arab Spring, 2010-", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Arab countries", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "International", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sexual minorities", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-06T17:05:53Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-06T17:05:53Z" } }, { "key": "WBUSD8QQ", "version": 319, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 402917, "name": "Thought Fall 2015", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/402917/items/WBUSD8QQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/thought_fall_2015/items/WBUSD8QQ", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/402917/items/NE85DDZF", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2649023, "username": "diva97rglg", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/diva97rglg", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "WBUSD8QQ", "version": 319, "parentItem": "NE85DDZF", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2015-11-06T17:05:53Z", "url": "http://go.galegroup.com/ps/downloadDocument.do?p=EAIM&u=susqu_main&id=GALE%7CA355246692&v=2.1&it=r&sid=summon&userGroup=susqu_main&authCount=1&actionCmd=DO_DOWNLOAD_DOCUMENT&downloadFormat=PDF", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-06T17:05:53Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-06T17:05:53Z" } } ]