[ { "key": "8QJ5F4CC", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 39607, "name": "E-Assessor", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/39607/items/8QJ5F4CC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor/items/8QJ5F4CC", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 108883, "username": "pbergamin", "name": "Per Bergamin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/pbergamin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Nicol and Milligan", "parsedDate": "2006", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "8QJ5F4CC", "version": 1, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "Rethinking technology-supported assessment in terms of the seven\nprinciples of good feedback practice.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Cordeli", "lastName": "Bryan" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Karen", "lastName": "Clegg" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.J.", "lastName": "Nicol" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C.", "lastName": "Milligan" } ], "abstractNote": "", "bookTitle": "Innovative Assessment in Higher Education", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2006", "publisher": "Taylor & Francis", "place": "London", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "64-77", "ISBN": "0415356423", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-02-28T16:18:20Z", "dateModified": "2011-02-28T16:28:15Z" } }, { "key": "ICJK2Q8Z", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 39607, "name": "E-Assessor", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/39607/items/ICJK2Q8Z", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor/items/ICJK2Q8Z", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/39607/items/HRFA7Z66", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 108883, "username": "pbergamin", "name": "Per Bergamin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/pbergamin", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "ICJK2Q8Z", "version": 1, "parentItem": "HRFA7Z66", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "ScienceDirect Snapshot", "accessDate": "2011-02-28T14:00:22Z", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6X06-4RR7DK8-6&_user=6563006&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F2007&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=gateway&_origin=gateway&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1658788516&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000070067&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=6563006&md5=a3289f5e7e08fe4005fa038eebc963fa&searchtype=a", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "science.html", "md5": null, "mtime": 1298901620000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-02-28T14:00:22Z", "dateModified": "2011-02-28T16:18:45Z" } }, { "key": "IUJP3SVZ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 39607, "name": "E-Assessor", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/39607/items/IUJP3SVZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor/items/IUJP3SVZ", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/39607/items/STMW3J2C", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 108883, "username": "pbergamin", "name": "Per Bergamin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/pbergamin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "IUJP3SVZ", "version": 1, "parentItem": "STMW3J2C", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "ScienceDirect Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2011-02-28T13:59:16Z", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6VCJ-3YJ9XM3-4-1&_cdi=5956&_user=6563006&_pii=S0360131599000378&_origin=gateway&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F2000&_sk=999659998&view=c&wchp=dGLzVtz-zSkzk&md5=07ae953f52718077b19a7f44df5ca1c8&ie=/sdarticle.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Thelwall - 2000 - Computer-based assessment a versatile educational.pdf", "md5": "e6a2c9749e724a1ad1f11d22b3308274", "mtime": 1298901555000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-02-28T13:59:16Z", "dateModified": "2011-02-28T16:18:45Z" } }, { "key": "J4XVZBXN", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 39607, "name": "E-Assessor", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/39607/items/J4XVZBXN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor/items/J4XVZBXN", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/39607/items/HAZK2GMM", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 108883, "username": "pbergamin", "name": "Per Bergamin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/pbergamin", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "J4XVZBXN", "version": 1, "parentItem": "HAZK2GMM", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Formative assessment and self-regulated learning: a model and seven principles of good feedback practice - Studies in Higher Education", "accessDate": "2011-02-28T13:58:34Z", "url": "http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all?content=10.1080/03075070600572090", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "windows-1252", "filename": "content~db=all.html", "md5": null, "mtime": 1298901513000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-02-28T13:58:34Z", "dateModified": "2011-02-28T16:18:45Z" } }, { "key": "R3NITDAE", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 39607, "name": "E-Assessor", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/39607/items/R3NITDAE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor/items/R3NITDAE", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/39607/items/579BSR9R", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 108883, "username": "pbergamin", "name": "Per Bergamin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/pbergamin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "R3NITDAE", "version": 1, "parentItem": "579BSR9R", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "ScienceDirect Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2011-02-28T13:57:28Z", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6V9B-4MC0Y5G-3-1&_cdi=5894&_user=6563006&_pii=S0191491X06000332&_origin=gateway&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F2006&_sk=999679996&view=c&wchp=dGLbVlb-zSkzk&md5=813316fd908f07e794292c9d1dbcae89&ie=/sdarticle.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Struyven et al. - 2006 - The overall effects of end-of-course assessment on.pdf", "md5": "033d7a8dda355671aededcad4e4bad6c", "mtime": 1298901452000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-02-28T13:57:28Z", "dateModified": "2011-02-28T16:18:45Z" } }, { "key": "E2U4XVE4", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 39607, "name": "E-Assessor", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/39607/items/E2U4XVE4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor/items/E2U4XVE4", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/39607/items/BGG8W6E4", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 108883, "username": "pbergamin", "name": "Per Bergamin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/pbergamin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "E2U4XVE4", "version": 1, "parentItem": "BGG8W6E4", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Google Scholar Linked Page", "accessDate": "2011-02-28T13:40:00Z", "url": "http://business.heacademy.ac.uk/assets/York/documents/ourwork/tla/assessment/web0015_rethinking_formative_assessment_in_he.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Nicol und Macfarlane-Dick - 2006 - Rethinking formative assessment in HE a theoretic.pdf", "md5": "fe495b79ce9f8139bdb2e596854c5af2", "mtime": 1298900397000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-02-28T13:40:00Z", "dateModified": "2011-02-28T16:18:45Z" } }, { "key": "P7ZN4HIU", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 39607, "name": "E-Assessor", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/39607/items/P7ZN4HIU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor/items/P7ZN4HIU", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/39607/items/STMW3J2C", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 108883, "username": "pbergamin", "name": "Per Bergamin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/pbergamin", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "P7ZN4HIU", "version": 1, "parentItem": "STMW3J2C", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "ScienceDirect Snapshot", "accessDate": "2011-02-28T13:59:18Z", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VCJ-3YJ9XM3-4&_user=6563006&_coverDate=01%2F01%2F2000&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=gateway&_origin=gateway&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1658784985&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000070067&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=6563006&md5=03817b423508130cfa4d33e9450cd401&searchtype=a", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "science.html", "md5": null, "mtime": 1298901557000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-02-28T13:59:18Z", "dateModified": "2011-02-28T16:18:45Z" } }, { "key": "6VDNWIQM", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 39607, "name": "E-Assessor", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/39607/items/6VDNWIQM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor/items/6VDNWIQM", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/39607/items/HAZK2GMM", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 108883, "username": "pbergamin", "name": "Per Bergamin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/pbergamin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "6VDNWIQM", "version": 1, "parentItem": "HAZK2GMM", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Formative assessment and self-regulated learning: a model and seven principles of good feedback practice", "accessDate": "2011-02-28T13:58:31Z", "url": "http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/ftinterface~content=a743789423~fulltext=713240930~frm=content", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Nicol und Macfarlane-Dick - 2006 - Formative assessment and self-regulated learning .pdf", "md5": "c3cdb80921b260017a39afa0106a3195", "mtime": 1298901513000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-02-28T13:58:31Z", "dateModified": "2011-02-28T16:18:45Z" } }, { "key": "TT9KMIWG", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 39607, "name": "E-Assessor", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/39607/items/TT9KMIWG", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor/items/TT9KMIWG", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/39607/items/W84IWS29", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 108883, "username": "pbergamin", "name": "Per Bergamin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/pbergamin", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "TT9KMIWG", "version": 1, "parentItem": "W84IWS29", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "E-assessment by design: using multiple-choice tests to good effect - Journal of Further and Higher Education", "accessDate": "2011-02-28T13:57:45Z", "url": "http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all?content=10.1080/03098770601167922", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "windows-1252", "filename": "content~db=all.html", "md5": null, "mtime": 1298901465000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-02-28T13:57:45Z", "dateModified": "2011-02-28T16:18:45Z" } }, { "key": "T3MHNF6W", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 39607, "name": "E-Assessor", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/39607/items/T3MHNF6W", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor/items/T3MHNF6W", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/39607/items/W84IWS29", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 108883, "username": "pbergamin", "name": "Per Bergamin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/pbergamin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "T3MHNF6W", "version": 1, "parentItem": "W84IWS29", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "E-assessment by design: using multiple-choice tests to good effect", "accessDate": "2011-02-28T13:57:42Z", "url": "http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/ftinterface~content=a772826527~fulltext=713240930~frm=content", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Nicol - 2007 - E-assessment by design using multiple-choice test.pdf", "md5": "f28c0b8cc95748f3df83084be7afd39d", "mtime": 1298901464000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-02-28T13:57:42Z", "dateModified": "2011-02-28T16:18:45Z" } }, { "key": "S3UG8AT5", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 39607, "name": "E-Assessor", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/39607/items/S3UG8AT5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor/items/S3UG8AT5", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/39607/items/579BSR9R", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 108883, "username": "pbergamin", "name": "Per Bergamin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/pbergamin", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "S3UG8AT5", "version": 1, "parentItem": "579BSR9R", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "ScienceDirect Snapshot", "accessDate": "2011-02-28T13:57:30Z", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V9B-4MC0Y5G-3&_user=6563006&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F2006&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=gateway&_origin=gateway&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1658782232&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000070067&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=6563006&md5=113d35a917422c3b1ad6d75fb8eaec78&searchtype=a", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "science.html", "md5": null, "mtime": 1298901450000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-02-28T13:57:30Z", "dateModified": "2011-02-28T16:18:45Z" } }, { "key": "ABF92IAR", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 39607, "name": "E-Assessor", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/39607/items/ABF92IAR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor/items/ABF92IAR", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/39607/items/N532IF54", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 108883, "username": "pbergamin", "name": "Per Bergamin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/pbergamin", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "ABF92IAR", "version": 1, "parentItem": "N532IF54", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Amazon.com Link", "accessDate": "2011-02-28T16:14:22Z", "url": "http://www.amazon.com/dp/0415356423", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-02-28T16:14:22Z", "dateModified": "2011-02-28T16:14:22Z" } }, { "key": "N532IF54", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 39607, "name": "E-Assessor", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/39607/items/N532IF54", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor/items/N532IF54", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 108883, "username": "pbergamin", "name": "Per Bergamin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/pbergamin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bryan and Clegg", "parsedDate": "2006-05-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "N532IF54", "version": 1, "itemType": "book", "title": "Innovative Assessment in Higher Education", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Cordelia", "lastName": "Bryan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Karen", "lastName": "Clegg" } ], "abstractNote": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "1", "date": "2006-05-01", "publisher": "Routledge", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "", "ISBN": "0415356423", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Amazon.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-02-28T16:14:21Z", "dateModified": "2011-02-28T16:14:21Z" } }, { "key": "FXRTDHGW", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 39607, "name": "E-Assessor", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/39607/items/FXRTDHGW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor/items/FXRTDHGW", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 108883, "username": "pbergamin", "name": "Per Bergamin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/pbergamin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Butler and Roediger", "parsedDate": "2008-04", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "FXRTDHGW", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Feedback enhances the positive effects and reduces the negative effects of multiple-choice testing", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Andrew C", "lastName": "Butler" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Henry L", "lastName": "Roediger" } ], "abstractNote": "Multiple-choice tests are used frequently in higher education without much consideration of the impact this form of assessment has on learning. Multiple-choice testing enhances retention of the material tested (the testing effect); however, unlike other tests, multiple-choice can also be detrimental because it exposes students to misinformation in the form of lures. The selection of lures can lead students to acquire false knowledge (Roediger & Marsh, 2005). The present research investigated whether feedback could be used to boost the positive effects and reduce the negative effects of multiple-choice testing. Subjects studied passages and then received a multiple-choice test with immediate feedback, delayed feedback, or no feedback. In comparison with the no-feedback condition, both immediate and delayed feedback increased the proportion of correct responses and reduced the proportion of intrusions (i.e., lure responses from the initial multiple-choice test) on a delayed cued recall test. Educators should provide feedback when using multiple-choice tests.", "publicationTitle": "Memory & Cognition", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Apr 2008", "volume": "36", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "604-616", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Mem Cognit", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18491500", "accessDate": "2011-02-28T16:00:35Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0090-502X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 18491500", "tags": [ { "tag": "Choice Behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cues", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Learning", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Mental Recall", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Psychological Tests", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Retention (Psychology)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "feedback", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-02-28T16:00:35Z", "dateModified": "2011-02-28T16:00:35Z" } }, { "key": "WMT4XVUX", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 39607, "name": "E-Assessor", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/39607/items/WMT4XVUX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor/items/WMT4XVUX", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/39607/items/9TCHV9UB", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 108883, "username": "pbergamin", "name": "Per Bergamin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/pbergamin", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "WMT4XVUX", "version": 1, "parentItem": "9TCHV9UB", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Amazon.com Link", "accessDate": "2011-02-28T14:23:55Z", "url": "http://www.amazon.com/dp/B0008G9ORQ", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-02-28T14:23:55Z", "dateModified": "2011-02-28T14:23:55Z" } }, { "key": "9TCHV9UB", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 39607, "name": "E-Assessor", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/39607/items/9TCHV9UB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor/items/9TCHV9UB", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 108883, "username": "pbergamin", "name": "Per Bergamin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/pbergamin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Dihoff et al.", "parsedDate": "2003-09-22", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "9TCHV9UB", "version": 1, "itemType": "book", "title": "The role of feedback during academic testing: the delay retention effect revisited.: An article from: The Psychological Record", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Roberta E.", "lastName": "Dihoff" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gary M.", "lastName": "Brosvic" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael L.", "lastName": "Epstein" } ], "abstractNote": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2003-09-22", "publisher": "Psychological Record", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The role of feedback during academic testing", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Amazon.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-02-28T14:23:54Z", "dateModified": "2011-02-28T14:23:54Z" } }, { "key": "PUIXM5CS", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 39607, "name": "E-Assessor", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/39607/items/PUIXM5CS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor/items/PUIXM5CS", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 108883, "username": "pbergamin", "name": "Per Bergamin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/pbergamin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Butler et al.", "parsedDate": "2008-07", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "PUIXM5CS", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Correcting a metacognitive error: feedback increases retention of low-confidence correct responses", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Andrew C", "lastName": "Butler" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jeffrey D", "lastName": "Karpicke" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Henry L", "lastName": "Roediger" } ], "abstractNote": "Previous studies investigating posttest feedback have generally conceptualized feedback as a method for correcting erroneous responses, giving virtually no consideration to how feedback might promote learning of correct responses. Here, the authors show that when correct responses are made with low confidence, feedback serves to correct this initial metacognitive error, enhancing retention of low-confidence correct responses. In 2 experiments, subjects took an initial multiple-choice test on general knowledge facts and made a confidence judgment after each response. Feedback was provided for half of the questions, and retention was assessed by a final cued-recall test. Taking the initial test improved retention relative to not testing, and feedback further enhanced performance. Consistent with prior research, feedback improved retention by allowing subjects to correct initially erroneous responses. Of more importance, feedback also doubled the retention of correct low-confidence responses, relative to providing no feedback. The function of feedback is to correct both memory errors and metacognitive errors.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Jul 2008", "volume": "34", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "918-928", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn", "DOI": "10.1037/0278-7393.34.4.918", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18605878", "accessDate": "2011-02-28T14:18:15Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0278-7393", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Correcting a metacognitive error", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 18605878", "tags": [ { "tag": "Attitude", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cognition Disorders", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cues", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Mental Recall", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Retention (Psychology)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "feedback", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-02-28T14:18:15Z", "dateModified": "2011-02-28T14:18:15Z" } }, { "key": "69TS9HPZ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 39607, "name": "E-Assessor", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/39607/items/69TS9HPZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor/items/69TS9HPZ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 108883, "username": "pbergamin", "name": "Per Bergamin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/pbergamin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Roediger and Marsh", "parsedDate": "2005-09", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "69TS9HPZ", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The positive and negative consequences of multiple-choice testing", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Henry L", "lastName": "Roediger" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Elizabeth J", "lastName": "Marsh" } ], "abstractNote": "Multiple-choice tests are commonly used in educational settings but with unknown effects on students' knowledge. The authors examined the consequences of taking a multiple-choice test on a later general knowledge test in which students were warned not to guess. A large positive testing effect was obtained: Prior testing of facts aided final cued-recall performance. However, prior testing also had negative consequences. Prior reading of a greater number of multiple-choice lures decreased the positive testing effect and increased production of multiple-choice lures as incorrect answers on the final test. Multiple-choice testing may inadvertently lead to the creation of false knowledge.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Sep 2005", "volume": "31", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1155-1159", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn", "DOI": "10.1037/0278-7393.31.5.1155", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16248758", "accessDate": "2011-02-28T14:15:31Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0278-7393", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 16248758", "tags": [ { "tag": "Choice Behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cues", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Memory", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Mental Recall", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-02-28T14:15:31Z", "dateModified": "2011-02-28T14:15:31Z" } }, { "key": "HRFA7Z66", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 39607, "name": "E-Assessor", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/39607/items/HRFA7Z66", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor/items/HRFA7Z66", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 108883, "username": "pbergamin", "name": "Per Bergamin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/pbergamin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Butler et al.", "parsedDate": "2007-12", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "HRFA7Z66", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Effect of Type and Timing of Feedback on Learning From Multiple-Choice Tests", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Andrew C.", "lastName": "Butler" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jeffrey D.", "lastName": "Karpicke" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Henry L.", "lastName": "Roediger III" } ], "abstractNote": "Two experiments investigated how the type and timing of feedback influence learning from a multiple-choice test. First, participants read 12 prose passages, which covered various general knowledge topics (e.g., The Sun) and ranged between 280 and 300 words in length. Next, they took an initial six-alternative, multiple-choice test on information contained in the passages. Feedback was given immediately for some of the multiple-choice items or after delay for other items. Participants were either shown the correct answer as feedback (standard feedback) or were allowed to keep answering until the correct answer was discovered (answer-until-correct feedback). Learning from the test was assessed on a delayed cued-recall test. The results indicated that delayed feedback led to superior final test performance relative to immediate feedback. However, type of feedback did not matter: discovering the correct answer through answer-until-correct feedback produced equivalent performance relative to standard feedback. This research suggests that delaying the presentation of feedback after a test is beneficial to learning because of the spaced presentation of information.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "December 2007", "volume": "13", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "273-281", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1037/1076-898X.13.4.273", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6X06-4RR7DK8-6/2/0461aa5400a1974291bc611a0fc4d1d6", "accessDate": "2011-02-28T14:00:19Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1076-898X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "feedback", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "multiple choice", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "testing", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-02-28T14:00:19Z", "dateModified": "2011-02-28T14:00:19Z" } }, { "key": "STMW3J2C", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 39607, "name": "E-Assessor", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/39607/items/STMW3J2C", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor/items/STMW3J2C", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 108883, "username": "pbergamin", "name": "Per Bergamin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/pbergamin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Thelwall", "parsedDate": "2000-01-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "STMW3J2C", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Computer-based assessment: a versatile educational tool", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Thelwall" } ], "abstractNote": "There are many types of Computer-Based Assessment in use today in higher education, from formative self-tests to summative final exams. CBA is used in various ways as an integral part of many currently used Computer Aided Learning environments. This paper surveys some of the reasons for using computers for assessment and some of the types of test in use, including evidence that coverage can extend beyond first year assessments, where it seems to be stuck in some disciplines. One project and one type are examined in more detail: randomly generated open access tests. With this type of test students are allowed to practise in their own time before sitting the same test for a grade. Evidence from one particular test, in statistics, was taken from computer logs, questionnaires and individual interviews and is used to show that the test style motivated students to study, and, for some students, directed their revision even when they were away from the computer. The results show that random-based tests can have a number of major advantages over fixed assessments, including: increased lifespan, security and flexibility, improved student motivation for study; and use as a learning resource. They also indicate that CBA does not have to be viewed in isolation from the learning environment in which it is situated, but can have an impact upon a student's study strategy, for example through increased revision. Taken together with previous studies and the survey of uses, there is now a body of evidence to suggest that CBA is an extremely versatile educational tool.", "publicationTitle": "Computers & Education", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "January 1, 2000", "volume": "34", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "37-49", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/S0360-1315(99)00037-8", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VCJ-3YJ9XM3-4/2/fdc78189ef9d0e7b0ff6b9460c9e0841", "accessDate": "2011-02-28T13:59:14Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0360-1315", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Computer-based assessment", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Authoring tools and methods", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Teaching/learning strategies", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-02-28T13:59:14Z", "dateModified": "2011-02-28T13:59:14Z" } }, { "key": "HAZK2GMM", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 39607, "name": "E-Assessor", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/39607/items/HAZK2GMM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor/items/HAZK2GMM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 108883, "username": "pbergamin", "name": "Per Bergamin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/pbergamin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Nicol and Macfarlane-Dick", "parsedDate": "2006", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "HAZK2GMM", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Formative assessment and self-regulated learning: a model and seven principles of good feedback practice", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David J.", "lastName": "Nicol" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Debra", "lastName": "Macfarlane-Dick" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Studies in Higher Education", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2006", "volume": "31", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "199", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1080/03075070600572090", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/03075070600572090", "accessDate": "2011-02-28T13:58:29Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0307-5079", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Formative assessment and self-regulated learning", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Informaworld", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-02-28T13:58:29Z", "dateModified": "2011-02-28T13:58:29Z" } }, { "key": "W84IWS29", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 39607, "name": "E-Assessor", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/39607/items/W84IWS29", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor/items/W84IWS29", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 108883, "username": "pbergamin", "name": "Per Bergamin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/pbergamin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Nicol", "parsedDate": "2007", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "W84IWS29", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "E-assessment by design: using multiple-choice tests to good effect", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David", "lastName": "Nicol" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Further and Higher Education", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2007", "volume": "31", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "53", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1080/03098770601167922", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/03098770601167922", "accessDate": "2011-02-28T13:57:39Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0309-877X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "E-assessment by design", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Informaworld", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-02-28T13:57:39Z", "dateModified": "2011-02-28T13:57:39Z" } }, { "key": "579BSR9R", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 39607, "name": "E-Assessor", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/39607/items/579BSR9R", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor/items/579BSR9R", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 108883, "username": "pbergamin", "name": "Per Bergamin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/pbergamin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Struyven et al.", "parsedDate": "2006", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "579BSR9R", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The overall effects of end-of-course assessment on student performance: A comparison between multiple choice testing, peer assessment, case-based assessment and portfolio assessment", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Katrien", "lastName": "Struyven" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Filip", "lastName": "Dochy" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Steven", "lastName": "Janssens" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Wouter", "lastName": "Schelfhou" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sarah", "lastName": "Gielen" } ], "abstractNote": "This study investigates the effect of method of assessment on student performance. Five research conditions go together with one of four assessment modes, namely: portfolio, case-based, peer assessment, and multiple choice evaluation. Data collection is done by means of a pre-test/ post-test-design with the help of two standardised tests (N=816). Results show that assessment method does make a difference: assessments do not produce overall effects on student performance. Moreover, student-activating instruction efforts do not automatically result in more extensive learning gains. Finally, test results show, when compared to other assessments, a statistically significant positive effect of the multiple choice test on students' test scores. However, students' preparation level and the closed book format of the tests might serve explanatory purposes.", "publicationTitle": "Studies In Educational Evaluation", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2006", "volume": "32", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "202-222", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.stueduc.2006.08.002", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V9B-4MC0Y5G-3/2/fb5eb268e49194ed9a672ed81c520670", "accessDate": "2011-02-28T13:57:27Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0191-491X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The overall effects of end-of-course assessment on student performance", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-02-28T13:57:27Z", "dateModified": "2011-02-28T13:57:27Z" } }, { "key": "BGG8W6E4", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 39607, "name": "E-Assessor", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/39607/items/BGG8W6E4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-assessor/items/BGG8W6E4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 108883, "username": "pbergamin", "name": "Per Bergamin", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/pbergamin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Nicol and Macfarlane-Dick", "parsedDate": "2006", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "BGG8W6E4", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Rethinking formative assessment in HE: a theoretical model and seven principles of good feedback practice", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Nicol" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Macfarlane-Dick" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Higher Education Academy, Accessed", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2006", "volume": "8", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Rethinking formative assessment in HE", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-02-28T13:39:59Z", "dateModified": "2011-02-28T13:39:59Z" } } ]