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From user-generated content to crowdsourcing to peer production to fan fiction to citizen science, the concept remains both unexamined and heterogeneous in its definition. Intuitions about participation are confirmed by some examples, but scandalized by others, and it is difficult to pinpoint why participation seems to be robust in some cases and partial in others. In this paper we offer an empirically based, comparative analysis of participation that demonstrates its multidimensionality and provides a framework that allows clear distinctions and better analyses of the role of participation. We derive 7 dimensions of participations from the literature on participation and exemplify those dimensions using a set of 102 cases of contemporary participation that include uses of the Internet and new media.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2015", "volume": "66", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "474-488", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.23202", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/asi.23202", "accessDate": "2021-01-28T14:22:17Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "2330-1643", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "© 2014 ASIS&T", "extra": "_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/asi.23202", "tags": [ { "tag": "Internet", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "collaboration", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "concepts", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "8CUSBR27" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2021-01-28T14:22:17Z", "dateModified": "2021-01-28T14:22:17Z" } }, { "key": "FM5IHI7G", "version": 82, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 386940, "name": "OCSDNet Library", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ocsdnet_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/386940/items/FM5IHI7G", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ocsdnet_library/items/FM5IHI7G", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 177417, "username": "lesliechan", "name": "Leslie Chan", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lesliechan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Woodall et al.", "parsedDate": "2012-08-01", "numChildren": 3 }, "data": { "key": "FM5IHI7G", "version": 82, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Has empowerment lost its power?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "James Raymond", "lastName": "Woodall" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Louise", "lastName": "Warwick-Booth" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ruth", "lastName": "Cross" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Health Education Research", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "08/01/2012", "volume": "27", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "742-745", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Health Educ. Res.", "DOI": "10.1093/her/cys064", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://her.oxfordjournals.org.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/content/27/4/742", "accessDate": "2015-04-04T21:18:32Z", "PMID": "22717939", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0268-1153, 1465-3648", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "her.oxfordjournals.org.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "8CUSBR27", "QIGHMTT8" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-09-22T21:20:22Z", "dateModified": "2015-09-22T21:20:22Z" } }, { "key": "24HMBHN6", "version": 82, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 386940, "name": "OCSDNet Library", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ocsdnet_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/386940/items/24HMBHN6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ocsdnet_library/items/24HMBHN6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 177417, "username": "lesliechan", "name": "Leslie Chan", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lesliechan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Christens", "parsedDate": "2013-06-01", "numChildren": 3 }, "data": { "key": "24HMBHN6", "version": 82, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "In search of powerful empowerment", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Brian D.", "lastName": "Christens" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Health Education Research", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "06/01/2013", "volume": "28", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "371-374", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Health Educ. Res.", "DOI": "10.1093/her/cyt045", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://her.oxfordjournals.org.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/content/28/3/371", "accessDate": "2015-04-04T21:15:46Z", "PMID": "23487560", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0268-1153, 1465-3648", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "her.oxfordjournals.org.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "8CUSBR27", "QIGHMTT8" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-09-22T21:20:22Z", "dateModified": "2015-09-22T21:20:22Z" } }, { "key": "VEQ2KW8A", "version": 74, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 386940, "name": "OCSDNet Library", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ocsdnet_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/386940/items/VEQ2KW8A", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ocsdnet_library/items/VEQ2KW8A", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 177417, "username": "lesliechan", "name": "Leslie Chan", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lesliechan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "VEQ2KW8A", "version": 74, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Understanding “New Power”", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://hbr.org/2014/12/understanding-new-power", "accessDate": "2014-11-22T21:06:51Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "8CUSBR27", "QIGHMTT8" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-09-22T21:20:22Z", "dateModified": "2015-09-22T21:20:22Z" } }, { "key": "RZQ3Z3E2", "version": 74, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 386940, "name": "OCSDNet Library", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ocsdnet_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/386940/items/RZQ3Z3E2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ocsdnet_library/items/RZQ3Z3E2", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 177417, "username": "lesliechan", "name": "Leslie Chan", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lesliechan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Toomey", "parsedDate": "2011-04-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "RZQ3Z3E2", "version": 74, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Empowerment and disempowerment in community development practice: eight roles practitioners play", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Anne H.", "lastName": "Toomey" } ], "abstractNote": "In community development practice, practitioners and organizations play many different roles in the planning, implementation and diffusion of the ideas and projects that they seek to promote. Some of these roles can serve to empower communities, while others can result in their disempowerment. In this article, eight roles commonly played out in development practice are briefly examined through the lenses of empowerment and disempowerment. Four of these roles are recognized as being ‘traditional’ and four are identified as ‘alternative’. It is hoped that the exercise of examining several of the generalized roles that practitioners play will allow us to take a closer look at how theory impacts practice and, more importantly, at the potential of such practices to truly achieve their theoretical aspirations.", "publicationTitle": "Community Development Journal", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "04/01/2011", "volume": "46", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "181-195", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Community Dev J", "DOI": "10.1093/cdj/bsp060", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://cdj.oxfordjournals.org.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/content/46/2/181", "accessDate": "2015-04-04T21:12:54Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0010-3802, 1468-2656", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Empowerment and disempowerment in community development practice", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "cdj.oxfordjournals.org.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "8CUSBR27", "QIGHMTT8" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-09-22T21:20:22Z", "dateModified": "2015-09-22T21:20:22Z" } }, { "key": "N57FNHUC", "version": 74, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 386940, "name": "OCSDNet Library", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ocsdnet_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/386940/items/N57FNHUC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ocsdnet_library/items/N57FNHUC", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 177417, "username": "lesliechan", "name": "Leslie Chan", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lesliechan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "N57FNHUC", "version": 74, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Participatory Geographical Information Systems (PGIS) | Participatory Methods", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.participatorymethods.org/method/participatory-geographical-information-systems-pgis", "accessDate": "2014-09-17T13:50:36Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "8CUSBR27", "QIGHMTT8" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-09-22T21:20:22Z", "dateModified": "2015-09-22T21:20:22Z" } }, { "key": "MZ2WSH67", "version": 74, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 386940, "name": "OCSDNet Library", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ocsdnet_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/386940/items/MZ2WSH67", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ocsdnet_library/items/MZ2WSH67", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 177417, "username": "lesliechan", "name": "Leslie Chan", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lesliechan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "MZ2WSH67", "version": 74, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "International Collaboration  For Participatory Research - Position Papers", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.icphr.org/position-papers", "accessDate": "2014-08-30T20:31:12Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "8CUSBR27", "QIGHMTT8" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-09-22T21:20:22Z", "dateModified": "2015-09-22T21:20:22Z" } }, { "key": "FAZJD3ME", "version": 74, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 386940, "name": "OCSDNet Library", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ocsdnet_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/386940/items/FAZJD3ME", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ocsdnet_library/items/FAZJD3ME", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 177417, "username": "lesliechan", "name": "Leslie Chan", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lesliechan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "parsedDate": "2014", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "FAZJD3ME", "version": 74, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "David, Goliath and empires of the web | commonspace", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "2014", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://commonspace.wordpress.com/2014/12/18/davidgoliathempire/", "accessDate": "2014-12-19T15:43:24Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "8CUSBR27", "QIGHMTT8" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-09-22T21:20:22Z", "dateModified": "2015-09-22T21:20:22Z" } }, { "key": "8HM8BP35", "version": 74, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 386940, "name": "OCSDNet Library", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ocsdnet_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/386940/items/8HM8BP35", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ocsdnet_library/items/8HM8BP35", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 177417, "username": "lesliechan", "name": "Leslie Chan", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lesliechan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Nuttavuthisit et al.", "parsedDate": "2015-01-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "8HM8BP35", "version": 74, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Participatory community development: evidence from Thailand", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Krittinee", "lastName": "Nuttavuthisit" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Pavitra", "lastName": "Jindahra" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Pattarawan", "lastName": "Prasarnphanich" } ], "abstractNote": "Participation in community development is the key to promoting efficiency, accountability, and transparency in resource allocations for community development, resulting in fewer problems of social inequality. Many ‘participatory’ development projects, however, have not been successful in arousing participation among community members. In many such cases, cultural values and social norms are key barriers. Approaches developed with little understanding of local contexts may yield no incentive to participate. Nevertheless, the detailed mechanisms that may operate within certain cultural contexts remain under-researched to date. This study examines evidence from Thailand, using examples from communities that have been able to get people's participation despite a hindering culture of compliance to superiors. These examples suggest that the enabling mechanisms include three important factors: actor (self-esteem), action (engagement of community members throughout the development process), and alliance (management of roles, rules, and resolutions). This study contributes to knowledge about the socio-culturally embedded character of community development and suggests ways to promote participation based on an understanding of a specific context.", "publicationTitle": "Community Development Journal", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "01/01/2015", "volume": "50", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "55-70", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Community Dev J", "DOI": "10.1093/cdj/bsu002", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://cdj.oxfordjournals.org.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/content/50/1/55", "accessDate": "2015-04-04T20:22:42Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0010-3802, 1468-2656", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Participatory community development", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "cdj.oxfordjournals.org.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "8CUSBR27", "QIGHMTT8" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-09-22T21:20:22Z", "dateModified": "2015-09-22T21:20:22Z" } }, { "key": "PFTCGSHH", "version": 74, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 386940, "name": "OCSDNet Library", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ocsdnet_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/386940/items/PFTCGSHH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ocsdnet_library/items/PFTCGSHH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 177417, "username": "lesliechan", "name": "Leslie Chan", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lesliechan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Gaynor", "parsedDate": "2014-04-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "PFTCGSHH", "version": 74, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The tyranny of participation revisited: international support to local governance in Burundi", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Niamh", "lastName": "Gaynor" } ], "abstractNote": "The ubiquitous yet amorphous concept of participation has resulted in much critical debate on its impact and outcomes at both micro (project) and macro (policy) levels. In highlighting what some have termed the ‘tyranny’ of participation, these debates have also provided valuable insights into how participative spaces might be rendered more transformative. But to what extent have these contributions informed policy and practice on the ground, most particularly within agencies and among practitioners supporting so-called participatory initiatives? Drawing on field research conducted in 2011 on local governance in Burundi, in this article I argue that the lessons and contributions from the literature have failed to impact upon international support to local governance developments in Burundi. Findings on direct and representative participation in local governance structures together with public and official understandings of what such participation means show continuities with the top-down, hierarchical and ultimately marginalizing practices of the past. I conclude with some lessons aimed at realizing the transformative potential of the opportunities offered by the reforms currently in place.", "publicationTitle": "Community Development Journal", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "04/01/2014", "volume": "49", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "295-310", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Community Dev J", "DOI": "10.1093/cdj/bst031", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://cdj.oxfordjournals.org.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/content/49/2/295", "accessDate": "2015-04-04T20:15:33Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0010-3802, 1468-2656", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The tyranny of participation revisited", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "cdj.oxfordjournals.org.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "8CUSBR27", "QIGHMTT8" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-09-22T21:20:22Z", "dateModified": "2015-09-22T21:20:22Z" } }, { "key": "9U364APR", "version": 74, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 386940, "name": "OCSDNet Library", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ocsdnet_library", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/386940/items/9U364APR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ocsdnet_library/items/9U364APR", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 177417, "username": "lesliechan", "name": "Leslie Chan", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lesliechan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Cornwall", "parsedDate": "2008-07-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "9U364APR", "version": 74, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Unpacking ‘Participation’: models, meanings and practices", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Andrea", "lastName": "Cornwall" } ], "abstractNote": "The world over, public institutions appear to be responding to the calls voiced by activists, development practitioners and progressive thinkers for greater public involvement in making the decisions that matter and holding governments to account for following through on their commitments. 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