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            "note": "<p>Summary: In a freshman class of business majors, there was a strong correlation between how often students accessed the online gradebook and the students' final grades. This is just correlation, NOT causation, but it is still useful. Essentially, what it boils down to is this:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Feedback seeking, that is, the act of seeking feedback on how a student is performing, is more likely if the cost of seeking the feedback is low and/or the perceived value of the feedback is high. An electronic gradebook makes the cost of seeking feedback very low, as long as class activities are regularly entered in the gradebook.</li>\n<li>The frequency with which students check their grades in an online gradebook is a strong indicator of their final grade. That is, students who seek more feedback are also likely to get a higher grade than students who don't. Therefore, reducing the cost of seeking feedback by using an online gradebook may increase student awareness of their performance, leading to better overall performance.</li>\n<li>Female students are more likely to check the online gradebook than male students. Therefore, using an online gradebook may lead to better outcomes for female students, which is an important goal for inclusive education.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>However, this potential relationship is contradicted by Lowell 2010, which found no causal relationship between online gradebook access and course grade. Lowell was looking at high school students, rather than college students, which might have impacted his results.</p>\n<p>In conclusion, what this suggests is that using an online gradebook with frequent graded activities <em>may</em> benefit self-motivated students and females by making it easier for them to seek feedback on their course performance. At the program level, the frequency with which students access their course gradebook combined with their overall grades may be a useful metric for identifying students who are at-risk because they have a less effective learning orientation.</p>",
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