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Accession Number: 7327233; Sreenivasan, Sreenath; Issue Info: Sep/Oct2002, Vol. 41 Issue 3, p6; Thesaurus Term: BROWSERS (Computer programs); Subject Term: WEB search engines; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519130 Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals; Number of Pages: 1/4p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 195

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Major cross-language differences in factors related to reading can make it difficult to maintain cognitive requirement equivalence of the test items, thus affecting their relative difficulty for students assessed in different languages. The study presented in this article used Rasch item parameters from two large-scale reading assessments— the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) 2001 and the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2000—to develop two indicators aimed at exploring the equivalence of item difficulties obtained across the various national versions of both tests. The results appeared to be rather similar in PIRLS and PISA. First, in both studies, about 80% of the variance of item difficulties could be explained by a common factor, and the mean absolute magnitude of differential item functioning (DIF) was about one third of a logit. There was no evidence that the impact of language differences might have been greater for the younger PIRLS examinees than for the older students assessed in PISA. Second, both the PIRLS and the PISA data confirmed a general pattern previously observed (Grisay & Monseur, 2007) wherein lower levels of equivalence in item difficulties are found for most versions in non-Indo-European languages and/or versions used in low-GDP countries. Third, as expected, the PIRLS and PISA countries that used versions in a same language (either the English source version or a common version developed co-operatively by several countries sharing the same language) typically obtained more equivalent item difficulties than countries using versions in different languages. The “cost” of translation, in terms of equivalence, could be tentatively assessed by comparing the values of the indicators obtained in the various regions of a single English-speaking country (Australia) to other relevant groups of countries. Finally, it was observed that equivalence issues mainly concerned individual items rather than the sets of items associated with particular reading passages—a finding which does not confirm the common criticism that the selection of passages is a major source of bias in international reading assessments.", "bookTitle": "Issues and Methodologies in Large-Scale Assessments", "series": "IERI Monograph", "seriesNumber": "2", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2009", "publisher": "IEA-ETS REsearch Institute", "place": "Hamburg", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "63-84", "ISBN": "978-0-88685-404-1", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Odendahl", "callNumber": "PDF", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Leseverstehen" }, { "tag": "PISA" }, { "tag": "Testen und Prüfen" }, { "tag": "Translating and interpreting" }, { "tag": "Übersetzen" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-04-02T03:03:22Z", "dateModified": "2014-04-02T03:03:22Z" } }, { "key": "F6MW96H3", "version": 401, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 37790, "name": "Translationswissenschaft", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/translationswissenschaft", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/37790/items/F6MW96H3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/translationswissenschaft/items/F6MW96H3", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 119038, "username": "Odendahl", "name": "Wolfgang Odendahl", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/odendahl", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Grisay", "parsedDate": "2003-04-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "F6MW96H3", "version": 401, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Translation Procedures in OECD/PISA 2000 International Assessment", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Aletta", "lastName": "Grisay" } ], "abstractNote": "As a part of the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), an international survey was conducted in 2000 to assess the Reading, Mathematics and Science literacy of 15-year-old students in 31 countries (see McQueen and Mendelovits, this issue; see Grisay, 2002). The article describes the procedures implemented by the PISA InternationalCo-ordination Centre for the development of national versions of the assessment instruments in all instruction languages used in the participating countries. It also presents data (collected during the . eld trial of the instruments) that provide some empirical information on the effectiveness of these procedures. The International Centre developed two source versions (in English and French) of the instruments. It was recommended that the national adaptation teams produce two independent translations (one from the English and the other from the French source version) of the assessment material into the language of instruction in their country and that they reconcile them into a single national version. A group of international veri. ers appointed and trained by the International Centre then checked the equivalence of all national versions against the source versions.", "publicationTitle": "Language Testing", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2003-4-1", "volume": "20", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "225-240", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1191/0265532203lt254oa", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "14770946, 02655322", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Odendahl", "callNumber": "PDF", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "PISA" }, { "tag": "Testen und Prüfen" }, { "tag": "Translating and interpreting" }, { "tag": "Übersetzen" } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-04-02T03:03:22Z", "dateModified": "2014-04-02T03:03:22Z" } }, { "key": "9DJ4Q7F8", 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Anhand eines spanischen Immobilienprospektes wird veranschaulicht, welche Schwierigkeiten bei der Übersetzung auftauchen können und wie diese Schwierigkeiten bei der Aufgabenstellung im Unterricht klar gemacht werden sollten.

\n

S. 93: \"Der Übersetzungsauftrag enthält die wichtigsten Angaben zum Übersetzungszweck entweder explizit (z.B. 'Der spanische Text edes Immobilienprospekts ist so ins Deutsche zu übersetzen, daß deutsche Urlauber dazu gebracht werden, eines der angepriesenen Ferienapartments an Ort und Stelle zu erwerben') oder implizit (z.B. 'Übersetzen Sie bitte diesen Text ins Deutsche und ins Englische.') oder gar nicht (z.B. 'Bitte übersetzen!'). In den letzten beiden Fällen müssen die notwendigen Informationen entweder aus der Situation [...] erschlossen oder andernfalls direkt beim Auftraggeber erfragt werden.

\n

Für die Analyse eines ÜA [Übersetzungsauftrags] benötigt die Übersetzerin also Wissen über die Gepflogenheiten der Praxis ('Praxiswissen') [...]

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Contents:

\n

Preface to the revised edition --
Introduction --
Theoretical components in interpreter and translator training --
Communication and quality in interpreting and translation --
Fidelity in interpreting and translation --
Comprehension of specialized discourse in interpreting and translation --
A sequential model of translation --
Ad hoc knowledge acquisition in interpreting and translation --
The effort models of interpreting --
Facing and coping with online problems in interpreting --
Language availability and its implications in conference interpreting (and translation) --
Integrating more theory into training : the IDRC framework --
Glossary --
Bibliography --
Name index --
Concept index.

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Moreover, some translation students have a feeling of inferiority towards interpreters; a deficiency that could also be cured by having translation students do interpreter training.", "publicationTitle": "trans-kom Zeitschrift für Translationswissenschaft und Fachkommunikation", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2008", "volume": "1", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "180-187", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "trans-kom", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.trans-kom.eu/bd01nr02/trans-kom_01_02_03_Juengst_Dolmetschen.20081218.pdf", "accessDate": "2010-10-05", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1867-4844", "archive": "Odendahl", "archiveLocation": "PDF", "shortTitle": "", "language": "de", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Dolmetschen" }, { "tag": "Dolmetschen und Übersetzen" }, { "tag": "Lehre" } ], "collections": [ "PMAVQDQJ" ], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/3587/items/H39QJNKD" }, "dateAdded": "2012-04-24T01:03:21Z", "dateModified": "2012-04-24T01:03:21Z" } }, { "key": "XNSXFDSS", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 37790, "name": "Translationswissenschaft", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/translationswissenschaft", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/37790/items/XNSXFDSS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/translationswissenschaft/items/XNSXFDSS", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 119038, "username": "Odendahl", "name": "Wolfgang Odendahl", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/odendahl", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Adab", "parsedDate": "2002", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "XNSXFDSS", "version": 1, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "The Internet and Other IT Resources : Tools for Translators within a Translation Programme", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Beverly", "lastName": "Adab" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Sin-wai", "lastName": "Chan" } ], "abstractNote": "", "bookTitle": "Translation and information technology", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2002", "publisher": "Chinese University Press", "place": "Hong Kong", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "57-78", "ISBN": "9789629960773", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "Odendahl", "archiveLocation": "PDF", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "NKFUST", "callNumber": "418.020285 T772 2002", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "CAT Computerunterstützte Übersetzung" }, { "tag": "Internet" }, { "tag": "Lehre" }, { "tag": "Technology" }, { "tag": "Übersetzen" } ], "collections": [ "PMAVQDQJ" ], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/3587/items/6IH8I2JK" }, "dateAdded": "2012-04-24T01:03:21Z", "dateModified": "2012-04-24T01:03:21Z" } }, { "key": "CU6PTBC2", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 37790, "name": "Translationswissenschaft", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/translationswissenschaft", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/37790/items/CU6PTBC2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/translationswissenschaft/items/CU6PTBC2", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 119038, "username": "Odendahl", "name": "Wolfgang Odendahl", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/odendahl", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Tennent", "parsedDate": "2005", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "CU6PTBC2", "version": 1, "itemType": "book", "title": "Training for the New Millennium : Pedagogies for Translation and Interpreting", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Martha", "lastName": "Tennent" } ], "abstractNote": "Originating at an international forum held at the University of Vic (Spain), the twelve essays collected here attest to important changes in translation practice and the assumptions which underpin them. Leading theorists respond to the state of Translation Studies today, particularly the epistemological dilemma between theories that are empirically oriented and those that are inspired by developments in Cultural Studies.\n\nBut the volume is also practical. Experienced instructors survey existing pedagogies at translator/interpreter training programs and explore new techniques that address the technological and global challenges of the new millennium. Among the topics considered are: how to use translation technology in the classroom, how to construct a syllabus for a course in audiovisual translating or in translation theory, and how to develop guidelines for a program for community interpreters or conference interpreters.\n\nThe contributors all assume that translation, whether written or oral, does not occupy a neutral space. It is a cross-cultural exchange that produces far-reaching social effects. Their essays significantly advance the theoretical and practical understanding of translation along these lines.", "series": "Benjamins Translation Library", "seriesNumber": "60", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2005", "publisher": "John Benjamins", "place": "Amsterdam, Philadelphia", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "274", "ISBN": "9789027216663", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Training for the new millennium", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "NKFUST", "callNumber": "418.00711 T768 2005", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "DaF" }, { "tag": "Dolmetschen und Übersetzen" }, { "tag": "Lehre" }, { "tag": "Pädagogik" } ], "collections": [ "PMAVQDQJ" ], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/3587/items/EPRZFVAS" }, "dateAdded": "2012-04-24T01:03:21Z", "dateModified": "2012-04-24T01:03:21Z" } }, { "key": "EXUHWHTD", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 37790, "name": "Translationswissenschaft", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/translationswissenschaft", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/37790/items/EXUHWHTD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/translationswissenschaft/items/EXUHWHTD", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 119038, "username": "Odendahl", "name": "Wolfgang Odendahl", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/odendahl", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Pohl", "parsedDate": "2008", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "EXUHWHTD", "version": 1, "itemType": "book", "title": "Dolmetschen", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Reinhard", "lastName": "Pohl" } ], "abstractNote": "Das Dolmetschen ist eine grundlegende Voraussetzung für das friedliche Zusammenleben von Menschen unterschiedlischer Herkunft und Muttersprache. In der heutigen Welt gibt es keinen Staat mehr, in dessen Grenzen nur eine Sprache gesprochen wird. In Deutschland ist jeder fünfte Einwohner eingewandert, und auch Einheimische können eine andere Muttersprache (Friesisch, Dänisch, Sorbisch, Romanes) sprechen. Die häufige Weigerung von Ärzten, Krankenhäusern und Krankenkassen, aber auch Behörden und Beratungsstellen, die notwendigen Dolmetsch-Leistung zu bezahlen, führt zu einer unübersichtlichen Szene von professionellen und freiwilligen Dolmetscherinnen und Dolmetscher, deren genauen Fähigkeiten niemand einschätzen kann. Die Folge sind – neben vielen gut gelungenen Verständigungen – auch Missverständnisse oder der Verzicht auf Kommunikation (z.B. Wegbleiben ausländischer Eltern von Elternversammlungen), was zu enormen Folgekosten führt. Fremdsprachige PatientInnen werden häufiger stationär in Krankenhäuser aufgenommen, Kinder ausländischer oder eingewanderter Eltern verlassen mehr als doppelt so häufig wie einheimische Kinder die Schule ohne Abschluss und werden oft zu Empfängern staatlicher Transfer-Leistungen – das Armutsrisiko von Einwanderern ist eklatant höher als von Einheimischen. Diese Broschüre soll über das Thema „Dolmetschen“ informieren – für Menschen, die mehrere Sprachen können und gerne dolmetschen wollen oder bereits dolmetschen, aber auch für mögliche Auftraggeber dieser Dienstleistung. Außerdem soll diese Broschüre zeigen, dass Dolmetschen ein ernst zu nehmender Beruf ist. Wer diesen Beruf ausübt, ist auf eine leistungsgerechte Bezahlung angewiesen, denn Aus- und Weiterbildung wird nicht kostenlos angeboten. Auftraggeber müssen aber daran interessiert sein, dass „ihre“ Dolmetscherinnen und Dolmetscher sich fortlaufend professionalisieren, denn von der Qualität der Sprachmittlunbg hängt ein konfliktfreies Zusammenleben ab. Und: Keine Dolmetscher-Bezahlung ist so teuer wie das Fehlen der notwendigen Kommunikation.", "series": "BRD und \"Dritte Welt\"", "seriesNumber": "70", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2008", "publisher": "Magazin", "place": "Kiel", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "48", "ISBN": "9783936419160", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "de", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Dolmetschen" }, { "tag": "Lehre" } ], "collections": [ "PMAVQDQJ" ], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/3587/items/SNX92GJT" }, "dateAdded": "2012-04-24T01:03:21Z", "dateModified": "2012-04-24T01:03:21Z" } }, { "key": "IG98JGTJ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 37790, "name": "Translationswissenschaft", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/translationswissenschaft", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/37790/items/IG98JGTJ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/translationswissenschaft/items/IG98JGTJ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 119038, "username": "Odendahl", "name": "Wolfgang Odendahl", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/odendahl", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Gile et al.", "parsedDate": "2001", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "IG98JGTJ", "version": 1, "itemType": "book", "title": "Getting Started in Interpreting Research : Methodological Reflections, Personal Accounts and Advice for Beginners", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Daniel", "lastName": "Gile" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Helle V.", "lastName": "Dam" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Friedel", "lastName": "Dubslaff" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Bodil", "lastName": "Martinsen" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Anne", "lastName": "Schjoldager" } ], "abstractNote": "", "series": "Benjamins Translation Library", "seriesNumber": "33", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2001", "publisher": "Benjamins", "place": "Amsterdam, Philadelphia", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "255", "ISBN": "9781588111289", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Getting started in interpreting research", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "NKFUST", "callNumber": "418.02072 G394 2001", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Dolmetschen" }, { "tag": "Forschung und Lehre" } ], "collections": [ "PMAVQDQJ" ], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/3587/items/7UANMC8T" }, "dateAdded": "2012-04-24T01:03:21Z", "dateModified": "2012-04-24T01:03:21Z" } }, { "key": "PQIIWH5K", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 37790, "name": "Translationswissenschaft", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/translationswissenschaft", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/37790/items/PQIIWH5K", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/translationswissenschaft/items/PQIIWH5K", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 119038, "username": "Odendahl", "name": "Wolfgang Odendahl", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/odendahl", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Nolan", "parsedDate": "2005", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "PQIIWH5K", "version": 1, "itemType": "book", "title": "Interpretation Techniques and Exercises", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "James", "lastName": "Nolan" } ], "abstractNote": "", "series": "Professional Interpreting in the Real World", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2005", "publisher": "Multilingual Matters", "place": "Buffalo", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "320", "ISBN": "1853597929", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "NKFUST", "callNumber": "P306 .N586 2005eb", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Dolmetschen und Übersetzen" }, { "tag": "Lehre" } ], "collections": [ "PMAVQDQJ" ], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/3587/items/TI3K6AD7" }, "dateAdded": "2012-04-24T01:03:21Z", "dateModified": "2012-04-24T01:03:21Z" } } ]