[ { "key": "KSBL2ILF", "version": 21, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 371203, "name": "Child raising", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/child_raising", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/371203/items/KSBL2ILF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/child_raising/items/KSBL2ILF", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 327401, "username": "Blahah404", "name": "Richard Smith-Unna", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/blahah404", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Schwartz et al.", "parsedDate": "1979", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "KSBL2ILF", "version": 21, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Visual Shape Perception in Early Infancy", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marcelle", "lastName": "Schwartz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. H.", "lastName": "Day" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Leslie B.", "lastName": "Cohen" } ], "abstractNote": "The ability of young infants aged between 8 and 17 weeks to perceive outline shapes was investigated in nine experiments using an habituation paradigm. In Experiments I, II, and III contour orientation and angular relationship were varied, in Experiments IV and V geometric shape, and in Experiment VI figural incompleteness. The results of these size experiments indicated that young infants use relational information to recognize shape. They also showed that those models in which shape is coded in terms of edge orientation does not obtain with infants of this age. In Experiments VII, VIII, and IX the role of oblique contours and of informational content of a figure for the functioning of spatial orientation as a salient dimension of shape was investigated. Neither of these properties was found to be relevant. It appears unlikely that infants must learn to perceive outline shapes. A simpler explanation for the findings reported here is that infants have an innate capacity to perceive shapes.", "publicationTitle": "Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1979", "volume": "44", "issue": "7", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1-63", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.2307/1165963", "citationKey": "", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/1165963", "accessDate": "2019-12-04T00:01:41Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0037-976X", "archive": "JSTOR", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "JSTOR", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "VSDTY9HV" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2019-12-04T00:01:41Z", "dateModified": "2019-12-04T00:01:41Z" } }, { "key": "CN7ZHA95", "version": 22, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 371203, "name": "Child raising", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/child_raising", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/371203/items/CN7ZHA95", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/child_raising/items/CN7ZHA95", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/371203/items/RZTX4FSB", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 327401, "username": "Blahah404", "name": "Richard Smith-Unna", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/blahah404", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "CN7ZHA95", "version": 22, "parentItem": "RZTX4FSB", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Google Books Link", "accessDate": "2019-12-04T00:01:27Z", "url": "https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=xVUK3gIy-2QC", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2019-12-04T00:01:27Z", "dateModified": "2019-12-04T00:01:27Z" } }, { "key": "RZTX4FSB", "version": 21, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 371203, "name": "Child raising", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/child_raising", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/371203/items/RZTX4FSB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/child_raising/items/RZTX4FSB", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 327401, "username": "Blahah404", "name": "Richard Smith-Unna", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/blahah404", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bremner", "parsedDate": "1989", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "RZTX4FSB", "version": 21, "itemType": "book", "title": "Infant Development", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gavin", "lastName": "Bremner" } ], "abstractNote": "The book provides detailed up to date and authoritative accounts of major areas of infant development. The 11 chapters are subdivided into three sections: Perceptual Development (4 chapters); Cognitive Development (3 chapters); Social Interaction, Early Language and Emotion (4 chapters). While written by different contributors the book is a well?integrated account of current developments in our understanding of infant development. Integration of the chapters is assisted by the editors' linking sections which introduce each of the three major sections of the book. The book begins with an account of the development of basic visual functions in early infancy and of visual memory and perceptual capabilities of the infant. This is followed by recent research into infants' ability to detect and respond to events and encounters, a theme which emphasises the continuity of perceptual and cognitive development. Cognitive development is further pursued by an account of the complex area of object permanence, and the development of spatial awareness, and how infants learn to solve problems. In the final section early social and language development are explored. Infants learn language in a social context and the social structuring of infant cognition and language is next considered. The final chapter considers the role of emotion in infant development from a psychoanalytic perspective. The book presupposes no detailed knowledge of infancy on the part of the reader, but at the same time the reader is guided to an understanding of the topical and lively controversies that represent the current state of the art and which make the field of infant development such a lively and interesting area of study.lopment of spatial awareness, and how infants learn to solve problems. In the final section early social and language development are explored. Infants learn language in a social context and the social structuring of infant cognition and language is next considered. The final chapter considers the role of emotion in infant development from a psychoanalytic perspective. The book presupposes no detailed knowledge of infancy on the part of the reader, but at the same time the reader is guided to an understanding of the topical and lively controversies that represent the current state of the art and which make the field of infant development such a lively and interesting area of study.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "1989", "publisher": "Psychology Press", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "330", "ISBN": "978-0-86377-126-2", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Google Books", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Psychology / Developmental / General", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "VSDTY9HV" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2019-12-04T00:01:27Z", "dateModified": "2019-12-04T00:01:27Z" } }, { "key": "HLLHXIL7", "version": 21, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 371203, "name": "Child raising", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/child_raising", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/371203/items/HLLHXIL7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/child_raising/items/HLLHXIL7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 327401, "username": "Blahah404", "name": "Richard Smith-Unna", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/blahah404", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Dillon et al.", "parsedDate": "2019-07-29", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "HLLHXIL7", "version": 21, "itemType": "report", "title": "Infants’ sensitivity to shape changes in 2D visual forms", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Moira Rose", "lastName": "Dillon" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Véronique", "lastName": "Izard" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Elizabeth", "lastName": "Spelke" } ], "abstractNote": "Research in developmental cognitive science reveals that human infants perceive shape changes in 2D visual forms when repeatedly presented over long durations. Nevertheless, infants’ sensitivity to shape under the brief conditions of natural viewing has been little studied. Three experiments tested for this sensitivity by presenting 128 seven-month-old infants with shapes for the briefer durations under which they might see them in dynamic scenes. The experiments probed infants’ sensitivity to two fundamental geometric properties of scale- and orientation-invariant shape: relative length and angle. Infants detected changes in closed figures, which presented changes in both geometric properties. Infants also detected changes in open figures differing in angle when figures were presented at limited orientations. In contrast, when open figures were presented at unlimited orientations, infants detected changes in relative length but not in angle. The present research therefore suggests that relative length is the primary geometric property by which infants perceive scale- and orientation-invariant shape. As infants look around at the cluttered and changing visual world, they may be strikingly insensitive to angle.", "reportNumber": "", "reportType": "preprint", "institution": "Open Science Framework", "place": "", "date": "2019-07-29", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://osf.io/a9yp7", "accessDate": "2019-12-04T00:01:18Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "DOI.org (Crossref)", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/a9yp7", "tags": [], "collections": [ "VSDTY9HV" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2019-12-04T00:01:18Z", "dateModified": "2019-12-04T00:01:18Z" } }, { "key": "4IW63N7E", "version": 21, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 371203, "name": "Child raising", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/child_raising", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/371203/items/4IW63N7E", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/child_raising/items/4IW63N7E", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/371203/items/D29T3K59", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 327401, "username": "Blahah404", "name": "Richard Smith-Unna", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/blahah404", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "4IW63N7E", "version": 21, "parentItem": "D29T3K59", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "ScienceDirect Snapshot", "accessDate": "2019-12-04T00:01:10Z", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0163638318302066", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "S0163638318302066.html", "md5": null, "mtime": null, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2019-12-04T00:01:10Z", "dateModified": "2019-12-04T00:01:10Z" } }, { "key": "ANRCFNLV", "version": 21, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 371203, "name": "Child raising", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/child_raising", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/371203/items/ANRCFNLV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/child_raising/items/ANRCFNLV", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/371203/items/5ES5EP6C", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 327401, "username": "Blahah404", "name": "Richard Smith-Unna", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/blahah404", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ANRCFNLV", "version": 21, "parentItem": "5ES5EP6C", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "ScienceDirect Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2019-12-04T00:01:09Z", "url": "https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/272049/1-s2.0-S0163638318X00034/1-s2.0-S0163638318300870/main.pdf?X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEO%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJGMEQCIEpXiSdDwSG6llKc8KUrJmKNs4fqm6DEkYfP1odr2hvFAiATk7jyRMo0z%2B6NR6yHWT6WHkI%2BCa%2BWgZEXKHOBsS11lCrPAgg4EAIaDDA1OTAwMzU0Njg2NSIMijfXvL0KGrp9cmJSKqwCnI%2BSG%2FywmcqGdb64mHmGBzYQCqEn27YYZ%2BTE%2Fc%2FcSy6U%2FFkpRefYSik9fFlCDVem%2FoXK2JhTLmax%2FhrRaRwVACgfyrOZ7%2B3EMk6XbNRQw44%2BfU%2BzVBP6J8QbTqD5SUutc6rgQk6vu58m8JmWq1tvgLwTdSJzkUTYjhCDwIxG4geCTjv%2FU4sBGYorq6Ynq0uuUCUjxSogZKID%2BOLleyO6SBDS6hFfSbaCcx%2B7T6pcO%2BkJLXuyHtxDY0ki2VYCuIykTnSh0sUmw5lHVWthVQfhpIM18iHWVWc%2F80OQbHuhYrzMhWEkxkxiOqrl7B0hc%2Fyqqz1MSlc3zcrDkrbW3Xq8i7eTsbMfihrKnPtVIJqYaGybiB6jx76VIhRiy9tIa%2BJWu7xxxTYhulaxHARNMKLHm%2B8FOtECXMOAhRdaYKoBvu3ujQRAeurJU4EePPov%2BM68L%2BkUluYW5np%2Fe5Zd8%2BUTXUos98bdtqR5DvcsD4tbrxpl9gLwa%2FSjqTVs20ANuUhqsgRahHUyfCvpvvu%2B7CGbAbc343FS6A8X%2BJCKgv9k1At7znSPWrhgeMksdRrqXTLQeTjJ4whYkN4mbLitrqua%2BcvY37ZRgyTntPj20%2BjrjgIVg%2B4szTr2it4ei8hBHynP7SswrxrmVQJe4u33PBTt5rUzBBmbE9whWMQSKEc4aBCooRY0tbDtsFvyQdH2OgN%2F3se6iHOI%2FN4x5vYwXF0LmfZWu%2FNUPiiGQGe%2F9pKw3FRhoP5iw27HQcNh6iXuHGF%2BEhvilqikGrTLYPYT9lkDgRQNsC3w%2BBU7u4e7zA8YjAUMegdxfEnbZQpFOnZ1FNhl8qvuQULlEgg66paOBDGNcbrxqKBUGQ%3D%3D&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20191204T000058Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAQ3PHCVTYQCJOHJVA%2F20191204%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=c9b072cd1d59b5fa5e25490b9a2b19e4db60cb04511322ab89f75922acda27f2&hash=75bc02752943e55541c772028faafe31f5826d4a412c827c75f7ecf71f4b94f5&host=68042c943591013ac2b2430a89b270f6af2c76d8dfd086a07176afe7c76c2c61&pii=S0163638318300870&tid=spdf-72895552-ff3e-4272-8034-8b6024c9c149&sid=703832919cd6d2493b9b2dd45cbeae7bcfdcgxrqb&type=client", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Braun and Kavšek - 2018 - Infants perceive two-dimensional shape from horizo.pdf", "md5": null, "mtime": null, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2019-12-04T00:01:09Z", "dateModified": "2019-12-04T00:01:09Z" } }, { "key": "KSTEC6HI", "version": 21, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 371203, "name": "Child raising", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/child_raising", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/371203/items/KSTEC6HI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/child_raising/items/KSTEC6HI", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/371203/items/5ES5EP6C", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 327401, "username": "Blahah404", "name": "Richard Smith-Unna", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/blahah404", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "KSTEC6HI", "version": 21, "parentItem": "5ES5EP6C", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "ScienceDirect Snapshot", "accessDate": "2019-12-04T00:01:08Z", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163638318300870", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "S0163638318300870.html", "md5": null, "mtime": null, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2019-12-04T00:01:08Z", "dateModified": "2019-12-04T00:01:08Z" } }, { "key": "D29T3K59", "version": 21, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 371203, "name": "Child raising", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/child_raising", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/371203/items/D29T3K59", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/child_raising/items/D29T3K59", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 327401, "username": "Blahah404", "name": "Richard Smith-Unna", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/blahah404", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Krause et al.", "parsedDate": "2019-11-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "D29T3K59", "version": 21, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Increased visual interest and affective responses to impossible figures in early infancy", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christina", "lastName": "Krause" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Danielle", "lastName": "Longo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sarah", "lastName": "Shuwairi" } ], "abstractNote": "This research evaluated infants’ facial expressions as they viewed pictures of possible and impossible objects on a TV screen. Previous studies in our lab demonstrated that four-month-old infants looked longer at the impossible figures and fixated to a greater extent within the problematic region of the impossible shape, suggesting they were sensitive to novel or unusual object geometry. Our work takes studies of looking time data a step further, determining if increased looking co-occurs with facial expressions associated with increased visual interest and curiosity, or even puzzlement and surprise. We predicted that infants would display more facial expressions consistent with either “interest” or “surprise” when viewing the impossible objects relative to possible ones, which would provide further evidence of increased perceptual processing due to incompatible spatial information. Our results showed that the impossible cubes evoked both longer looking times and more reactive expressions in the majority of infants. Specifically, the data revealed significantly greater frequency of raised eyebrows, widened eyes and returns to looking when viewing impossible figures with the most robust effects occurring after a period of habituation. The pattern of facial expressions were consistent with the “interest” family of facial expressions and appears to reflect infants’ ability to perceive systematic differences between matched pairs of possible and impossible objects as well as recognize novel geometry found in impossible objects. Therefore, as young infants are beginning to register perceptual discrepancies in visual displays, their facial expressions may reflect heightened attention and increased information processing associated with identifying irreconcilable contours in line drawings of objects. This work further clarifies the ongoing formation and development of early mental representations of coherent 3D objects.", "publicationTitle": "Infant Behavior and Development", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "November 1, 2019", "volume": "57", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "101341", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Infant Behavior and Development", "DOI": "10.1016/j.infbeh.2019.101341", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163638318302066", "accessDate": "2019-12-04T00:01:03Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0163-6383", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "3D object recognition", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Facial expressions", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Impossible objects", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Infant cognition", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Infant perception", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Visual interest", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "VSDTY9HV" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2019-12-04T00:01:04Z", "dateModified": "2019-12-04T00:01:04Z" } }, { "key": "LBSEUYXM", "version": 21, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 371203, "name": "Child raising", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/child_raising", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/371203/items/LBSEUYXM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/child_raising/items/LBSEUYXM", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/371203/items/UV2SY4E3", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 327401, "username": "Blahah404", "name": "Richard Smith-Unna", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/blahah404", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "LBSEUYXM", "version": 21, "parentItem": "UV2SY4E3", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "ScienceDirect Snapshot", "accessDate": "2019-12-04T00:01:00Z", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022096518302315", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "S0022096518302315.html", "md5": null, "mtime": null, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2019-12-04T00:01:00Z", "dateModified": "2019-12-04T00:01:00Z" } }, { "key": "5ES5EP6C", "version": 21, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 371203, "name": "Child raising", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/child_raising", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/371203/items/5ES5EP6C", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/child_raising/items/5ES5EP6C", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 327401, "username": "Blahah404", "name": "Richard Smith-Unna", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/blahah404", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Braun and Kavšek", "parsedDate": "2018-08-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "5ES5EP6C", "version": 21, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Infants perceive two-dimensional shape from horizontal disparity", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stephanie", "lastName": "Braun" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael", "lastName": "Kavšek" } ], "abstractNote": "Previous studies observed that responsiveness to horizontal disparity as such emerges at approximately 2 months of age. Moreover, 3- to 4-month-old infants utilize stereoscopic information to perceive object variations in depth. The present study investigated infants’ ability to respond to crossed horizontal disparity information that defines two-dimensional shape. Infants 4 and 5 months of age were habituated to either a cross or the outline of a square. During the posthabituation period, they were presented with both shapes. The stimuli were dynamic random dot stereograms shown on an autostereoscopic monitor. The participants 5 but not 4 months of age displayed significant novelty preferences for the unfamiliar shape during the posthabituation period. Five-month-old infants are hence sensitive to horizontal disparity information that specifies shape.", "publicationTitle": "Infant Behavior and Development", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "August 1, 2018", "volume": "52", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "140-145", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Infant Behavior and Development", "DOI": "10.1016/j.infbeh.2018.07.003", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163638318300870", "accessDate": "2019-12-04T00:00:59Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0163-6383", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Binocular vision", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Horizontal disparity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Infant vision", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Perceptual development", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Shape perception", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Stereoscopic vision", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "VSDTY9HV" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2019-12-04T00:00:59Z", "dateModified": "2019-12-04T00:00:59Z" } }, { "key": "UV2SY4E3", "version": 21, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 371203, "name": "Child raising", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/child_raising", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/371203/items/UV2SY4E3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/child_raising/items/UV2SY4E3", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 327401, "username": "Blahah404", "name": "Richard Smith-Unna", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/blahah404", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Freud et al.", "parsedDate": "2019-03-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "UV2SY4E3", "version": 21, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Object complexity modulates the association between action and perception in childhood", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Erez", "lastName": "Freud" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jody C.", "lastName": "Culham" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gal", "lastName": "Namdar" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marlene", "lastName": "Behrmann" } ], "abstractNote": "Vision for action and vision for perception both rely on shape representations derived within the visual system. Whether the same psychological and neural mechanisms underlie both forms of behavior remains hotly contested, and whether this arrangement is equivalent in adults and children is controversial as well. To address these outstanding questions, we used an established psychophysical heuristic, Weber’s law, which, in adults, has typically been observed for perceptual judgment tasks but not for actions such as grasping. We examined whether this perception–action dissociation in Weber’s law was present in childhood as it is in adulthood and whether it was modulated by stimulus complexity. Two major results emerged. First, although adults evinced visuomotor behavior that violated Weber’s law, young children (4.5–6.5 years) adhered to Weber’s law when they grasped complex objects (“Efron” blocks), which varied along both the graspable and non-graspable dimensions to maintain a constant surface area, but not when they grasped simple objects, which varied only along the graspable dimension. Second, adherence to Weber’s law was found across all ages in the context of a perceptual task. Together, these findings suggest that, in early childhood, visuomotor representations are modulated by perceptual representations, particularly when a refined description of object shape is needed.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Experimental Child Psychology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "March 1, 2019", "volume": "179", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "56-72", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Journal of Experimental Child Psychology", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jecp.2018.11.004", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022096518302315", "accessDate": "2019-12-04T00:00:56Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0022-0965", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Grasping", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Motor development", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Vision-for-action", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Vision-for-perception", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Visuomotor control", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Weber’s law", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "VSDTY9HV" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2019-12-04T00:00:56Z", "dateModified": "2019-12-04T00:00:56Z" } }, { "key": "HYC4HTTT", "version": 19, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 371203, "name": "Child raising", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/child_raising", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/371203/items/HYC4HTTT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/child_raising/items/HYC4HTTT", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/371203/items/AL84VCQ8", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 327401, "username": "Blahah404", "name": "Richard Smith-Unna", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/blahah404", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "HYC4HTTT", "version": 19, "parentItem": "AL84VCQ8", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "infant perception geometric - 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2015 - Breastfeeding and childhood leukemia incidence A .pdf", "md5": null, "mtime": null, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-07-18T22:07:29Z", "dateModified": "2015-07-18T22:07:32Z" } }, { "key": "CHMWBVSW", "version": 16, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 371203, "name": "Child raising", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/child_raising", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/371203/items/CHMWBVSW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/child_raising/items/CHMWBVSW", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 327401, "username": "Blahah404", "name": "Richard Smith-Unna", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/blahah404", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Amitay EL and Keinan-Boker L", "parsedDate": "2015-06-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "CHMWBVSW", "version": 16, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Breastfeeding and childhood leukemia incidence: A meta-analysis and systematic review", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "name": "Amitay EL" }, { "creatorType": "author", "name": "Keinan-Boker L" } ], "abstractNote": "Importance \nChildhood cancer is a leading cause of mortality among children and adolescents in the developed world and the incidence increases by 0.9% each year. Leukemia accounts for about 30% of all childhood cancer but its etiology is still mostly unknown.Objective\nTo conduct a meta-analysis of available scientific evidence on the association between breastfeeding and childhood leukemia.Data Sources\nA thorough search for articles published between January 1960 and December 2014 researching the association between breastfeeding and childhood leukemia was conducted on PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus (performed in July and December 2014), supplemented by manual searches of reference lists.Study Selection\nTo be included in the meta-analyses, studies had to be case control; include breastfeeding as a measured exposure and leukemia as a measured outcome; include data on breastfeeding duration in months; and be published in a peer-reviewed journal with full text available in English.Data Extraction and Synthesis\nThe search identified 25 relevant studies, 18 of which met all inclusion criteria. No publication bias or heterogeneity among these 18 studies were detected. The quality of each study that met the inclusion criteria was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Multiple meta-analyses were conducted using the random effect model on raw data in the StatsDirect statistical program.Main Outcomes and Measures\nNo or short duration of breastfeeding and the incidence of childhood leukemia.Results\nThe meta-analysis of all 18 studies indicated that compared with no or shorter breastfeeding, any breastfeeding for 6 months or longer was associated with a 19% lower risk for childhood leukemia (odds ratio, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.73-0.89). A separate meta-analysis of 15 studies indicated that ever breastfed compared with never breastfed was associated with an 11% lower risk for childhood leukemia (odds ratio, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.84-0.94), although the definition of never breastfed differed between studies. All meta-analyses of subgroups of the 18 studies showed similar associations. Based on current meta-analyses results, 14% to 19% of all childhood leukemia cases may be prevented by breastfeeding for 6 months or more.Conclusions and Relevance\nBreastfeeding is a highly accessible, low-cost public health measure. This meta-analysis that included studies not featured in previous meta-analyses on the subject indicates that promoting breastfeeding for 6 months or more may help lower childhood leukemia incidence, in addition to its other health benefits for children and mothers.", "publicationTitle": "JAMA Pediatrics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "June 1, 2015", "volume": "169", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "e151025", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "JAMA Pediatr", "DOI": "10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.1025", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.1025", "accessDate": "2015-07-18T22:07:29Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "2168-6203", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Breastfeeding and childhood leukemia incidence", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Silverchair", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "3Z8BX8A6" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-07-18T22:07:29Z", "dateModified": "2015-07-18T22:07:29Z" } }, { "key": "ZXUWUV89", "version": 16, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 371203, "name": "Child raising", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/child_raising", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/371203/items/ZXUWUV89", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/child_raising/items/ZXUWUV89", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/371203/items/EXK7SB4X", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 327401, "username": "Blahah404", "name": "Richard Smith-Unna", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/blahah404", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "ZXUWUV89", "version": 16, "parentItem": "EXK7SB4X", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2015-07-18T22:07:13Z", "url": "http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/115/2/496", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "496.html", "md5": null, "mtime": null, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-07-18T22:07:13Z", "dateModified": "2015-07-18T22:07:13Z" } }, { "key": "AVFH9TR3", "version": 16, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 371203, "name": "Child raising", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/child_raising", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/371203/items/AVFH9TR3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/child_raising/items/AVFH9TR3", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/371203/items/EXK7SB4X", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 327401, "username": "Blahah404", "name": "Richard Smith-Unna", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/blahah404", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "AVFH9TR3", "version": 16, "parentItem": "EXK7SB4X", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Full Text PDF", "accessDate": "2015-07-18T22:07:08Z", "url": "http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/115/2/496.full.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Breastfeeding - 2005 - Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk.pdf", "md5": null, "mtime": null, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-07-18T22:07:08Z", "dateModified": "2015-07-18T22:07:12Z" } }, { "key": "EXK7SB4X", "version": 16, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 371203, "name": "Child raising", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/child_raising", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/371203/items/EXK7SB4X", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/child_raising/items/EXK7SB4X", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 327401, "username": "Blahah404", "name": "Richard Smith-Unna", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/blahah404", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Breastfeeding", "parsedDate": "2005-02-01", "numChildren": 3 }, "data": { "key": "EXK7SB4X", "version": 16, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Section on", "lastName": "Breastfeeding" } ], "abstractNote": "Considerable advances have occurred in recent years in the scientific knowledge of the benefits of breastfeeding, the mechanisms underlying these benefits, and in the clinical management of breastfeeding. This policy statement on breastfeeding replaces the 1997 policy statement of the American Academy of Pediatrics and reflects this newer knowledge and the supporting publications. The benefits of breastfeeding for the infant, the mother, and the community are summarized, and recommendations to guide the pediatrician and other health care professionals in assisting mothers in the initiation and maintenance of breastfeeding for healthy term infants and high-risk infants are presented. The policy statement delineates various ways in which pediatricians can promote, protect, and support breastfeeding not only in their individual practices but also in the hospital, medical school, community, and nation.", "publicationTitle": "Pediatrics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "02/01/2005", "volume": "115", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "496-506", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Pediatrics", "DOI": "10.1542/peds.2004-2491", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/115/2/496", "accessDate": "2015-07-18T22:07:08Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0031-4005, 1098-4275", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "pediatrics.aappublications.org", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 10617723", "tags": [ { "tag": "breast", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "breast milk", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "breastfeeding", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "human milk", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "lactation", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "3Z8BX8A6" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-07-18T22:07:08Z", "dateModified": "2015-07-18T22:07:08Z" } }, { "key": "Q2H7SDJD", "version": 16, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 371203, "name": "Child raising", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/child_raising", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/371203/items/Q2H7SDJD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/child_raising/items/Q2H7SDJD", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/371203/items/EXK7SB4X", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 327401, "username": "Blahah404", "name": "Richard Smith-Unna", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/blahah404", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "Q2H7SDJD", "version": 16, "parentItem": "EXK7SB4X", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2015-07-18T22:07:08Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10617723", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-07-18T22:07:08Z", "dateModified": "2015-07-18T22:07:08Z" } } ]