[ { "key": "XUEFHI43", "version": 15, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 36024, "name": "WiSC", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wisc", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/36024/items/XUEFHI43", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wisc/items/XUEFHI43", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/36024/items/NZVEQD4M", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 207828, "username": "schoenauer", "name": "Robert Schoenauer", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/schoenauer", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "XUEFHI43", "version": 15, "parentItem": "NZVEQD4M", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2014-10-09T14:03:45Z", "url": "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v392/n6675/full/392450a0.html", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "392450a0.html", "md5": "203b70fc4637cf9ecb7d310359cf4070", "mtime": 1412863426000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-10-09T14:03:45Z", "dateModified": "2014-10-09T14:03:45Z" } }, { "key": "NZVEQD4M", "version": 13, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 36024, "name": "WiSC", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wisc", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/36024/items/NZVEQD4M", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wisc/items/NZVEQD4M", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 207828, "username": "schoenauer", "name": "Robert Schoenauer", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/schoenauer", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Snowden et al.", "parsedDate": "1998-04-02", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "NZVEQD4M", "version": 13, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Speed perception fogs up as visibility drops", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert J.", "lastName": "Snowden" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nicola", "lastName": "Stimpson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Roy A.", "lastName": "Ruddle" } ], "abstractNote": "Many horrendous vehicle accidents occur in foggy weather. Drivers know they should slow down because fog reduces visibility, but many still drive too quickly. The 'blame' for many such accidents may be due to a perceptual quirk: it appears that drivers think they are driving far more slowly than they actually are in foggy conditions, and therefore increase their speed.", "publicationTitle": "Nature", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "April 2, 1998", "volume": "392", "issue": "6675", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "450-450", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Nature", "DOI": "10.1038/33049", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v392/n6675/full/392450a0.html", "accessDate": "2014-10-09T14:03:45Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0028-0836", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.nature.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "© 1998 Nature Publishing Group", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "RMASHSEQ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2014-10-09T14:03:45Z", "dateModified": "2014-10-09T14:03:45Z" } }, { "key": "I5B9X4CG", "version": 15, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 36024, "name": "WiSC", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wisc", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/36024/items/I5B9X4CG", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wisc/items/I5B9X4CG", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/36024/items/DJPDQMIJ", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 207828, "username": "schoenauer", "name": "Robert Schoenauer", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/schoenauer", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "I5B9X4CG", "version": 15, "parentItem": "DJPDQMIJ", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2013-08-09T09:40:17Z", "url": "http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%290733-947X%282006%29132%3A6%28475%29?journalCode=jtpedi", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "(ASCE)0733-947X(2006)1326(475).html", "md5": "bf6f19a45cb558398b2b2eac2d8822a1", "mtime": 1376041218000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-08-09T09:40:17Z", "dateModified": "2013-08-09T09:40:17Z" } }, { "key": "DJPDQMIJ", "version": 8, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 36024, "name": "WiSC", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wisc", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/36024/items/DJPDQMIJ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wisc/items/DJPDQMIJ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 207828, "username": "schoenauer", "name": "Robert Schoenauer", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/schoenauer", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Dey et al.", "parsedDate": "2006", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "DJPDQMIJ", "version": 8, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Speed Distribution Curves under Mixed Traffic Conditions", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P.", "lastName": "Dey" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Chandra" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Gangopadhaya" } ], "abstractNote": "Most of the studies available in the literature indicate that the speed data on a highway follow the normal distribution. The present study indicates that the speed distribution may be a unimodal or a bimodal curve depending upon the variation in the speed of different categories of vehicles moving on the highway. The mathematical equations are suggested for unimodal and bimodal speed distribution curves, and their parameters are evaluated at 17 different sections of two-lane roads in India. It is observed that the proportion of slow moving vehicles is not a true indicator of bimodality in the speed data. The spread ratio defined as the ratio of the difference between 85th percentile and mean stream speed to the difference in mean stream speed and 15th percentile speed, is better correlated with the shape of the speed distribution curve. The speed data follow the unimodal curve only when the spread ratio is in the range of 0.69–1.35.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Transportation Engineering", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2006", "volume": "132", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "475-481", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1061/(ASCE)0733-947X(2006)132:6(475)", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%290733-947X%282006%29132%3A6%28475%29", "accessDate": "2013-08-09T09:40:17Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0733-947X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ASCE", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "RMASHSEQ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-08-09T09:40:17Z", "dateModified": "2013-08-09T09:40:17Z" } }, { "key": "4GEKAPHT", "version": 15, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 36024, "name": "WiSC", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wisc", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/36024/items/4GEKAPHT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wisc/items/4GEKAPHT", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/36024/items/RE3KFEUF", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 207828, "username": "schoenauer", "name": "Robert Schoenauer", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/schoenauer", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "4GEKAPHT", "version": 15, "parentItem": "RE3KFEUF", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Ammons Scientific - RADAR-MEASURED REACTION TIMES OF UNALERTED DRIVERS TO BRAKE SIGNALS", "accessDate": "2013-07-16T07:42:29Z", "url": "http://www.amsciepub.com/doi/abs/10.2466/pms.1982.55.2.594?journalCode=pms", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "pms.1982.55.2.html", "md5": "259b4098ad3ed9eb0e8a8befe79070b1", "mtime": 1373960550000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-16T07:42:29Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-16T07:42:29Z" } }, { "key": "RE3KFEUF", "version": 6, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 36024, "name": "WiSC", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wisc", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/36024/items/RE3KFEUF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wisc/items/RE3KFEUF", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 207828, "username": "schoenauer", "name": "Robert Schoenauer", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/schoenauer", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Sivak et al.", "parsedDate": "1982", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "RE3KFEUF", "version": 6, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "RADAR-MEASURED REACTION TIMES OF UNALERTED DRIVERS TO BRAKE SIGNALS", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael", "lastName": "Sivak" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Paul L.", "lastName": "Olson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kenneth M.", "lastName": "Farmer" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Perceptual and Motor Skills", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "10/1982", "volume": "55", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "594-594", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.2466/pms.1982.55.2.594", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.amsciepub.com/doi/abs/10.2466/pms.1982.55.2.594?journalCode=pms", "accessDate": "2013-07-16T07:42:29Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0031-5125, 1558-688X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "RMASHSEQ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-16T07:42:29Z", "dateModified": "2013-07-16T07:42:29Z" } }, { "key": "SK2K65DG", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 36024, "name": "WiSC", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wisc", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/36024/items/SK2K65DG", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wisc/items/SK2K65DG", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 207828, "username": "schoenauer", "name": "Robert Schoenauer", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/schoenauer", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Miller and Salkind", "parsedDate": "2002-01-16", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "SK2K65DG", "version": 1, "itemType": "book", "title": "Handbook of Research Design and Social Measurement", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Delbert C.", "lastName": "Miller" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Neil J.", "lastName": "Salkind" } ], "abstractNote": "\"If a student researcher had only one handbook on their bookshelf, Miller and Salkind’s Handbook would certainly have to be it. With the updated material, the addition of the section on ethical issues (which is so well done that I’m recommending it to the departmental representative to the university IRB), and a new Part 4 on \"Qualitative Methods\", the new Handbook is an indispensable resource for researchers.\" Dan Cover, Department of Sociology, Furman University The book considered a \"necessity\" by many social science researchers and their students has been revised and updated while retaining the features that made it so useful. The emphasis in this new edition is on the tools with which graduate students and more advanced researchers need to become familiar as well as be able to use in order to conduct high quality research.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2002-01-16", "publisher": "SAGE", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "812", "ISBN": "9780761920465", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Google Books", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Social Science / Research", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-10-30T13:33:25Z", "dateModified": "2012-10-30T13:33:25Z" } }, { "key": "KE2JJZCQ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 36024, "name": "WiSC", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wisc", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/36024/items/KE2JJZCQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wisc/items/KE2JJZCQ", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/36024/items/SK2K65DG", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 207828, "username": "schoenauer", "name": "Robert Schoenauer", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/schoenauer", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "KE2JJZCQ", "version": 1, "parentItem": "SK2K65DG", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Google Books Link", "accessDate": "2012-10-30T13:33:25Z", "url": "http://books.google.at/books?id=sgoHv5ZP6dcC", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-10-30T13:33:25Z", "dateModified": "2012-10-30T13:33:25Z" } }, { "key": "ZJMGMI6S", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 36024, "name": "WiSC", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wisc", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/36024/items/ZJMGMI6S", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wisc/items/ZJMGMI6S", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 207828, "username": "schoenauer", "name": "Robert Schoenauer", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/schoenauer", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Wilde", "parsedDate": "1988", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "ZJMGMI6S", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Risk homeostasis theory and traffic accidents: propositions, deductions and discussion of dissension in recent reactions", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gerald J. S.", "lastName": "Wilde" } ], "abstractNote": "Abstract There is abundant evidence showing that technological innovations have led to major reductions in the accident loss per unit distance of mobility, in certain road sections, on certain roads as well as in the road network as a whole. However, the accident loss per time unit of road-user exposure and per head of population have not shown equally favourable downward trends. In order to explain this contrast, as well as many other findings regarding road-user behaviour, the theory of risk homeostasis (RHT) has been put forward. This posits that accident loss per capita and road-user behaviour are mutually related in a closed-loop regulation process, with the level of preferred risk as the controlling variable outsidethe closed loop. There is evidence also that the per capita traffic accidents can be reduced by motivational interventionsthat are effective in lowering road users' preferred level of accident risk. RHT has received support as well as opposition from other researchers. The purpose of the present paper is to identify what appear to be the major sources of disagreement. It will be argued that the opposition to RHT is largely due to misapprehension of its essential propositions and their derivations and that the allegedly contradictory empirical data drawn into the debate by some commentators are either inconclusive, compatible with, or in support of the theory in question.", "publicationTitle": "Ergonomics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1988", "volume": "31", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "441-468", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1080/00140138808966691", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00140138808966691", "accessDate": "2012-10-30T09:25:42Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0014-0139", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Risk homeostasis theory and traffic accidents", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Taylor and Francis+NEJM", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "RMASHSEQ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-10-30T09:25:42Z", "dateModified": "2012-10-30T09:26:03Z" } }, { "key": "6WBBT98M", "version": 15, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 36024, "name": "WiSC", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wisc", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/36024/items/6WBBT98M", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wisc/items/6WBBT98M", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/36024/items/ZJMGMI6S", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 207828, "username": "schoenauer", "name": "Robert Schoenauer", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/schoenauer", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "6WBBT98M", "version": 15, "parentItem": "ZJMGMI6S", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2012-10-30T09:25:42Z", "url": "http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00140138808966691", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "00140138808966691.html", "md5": "767a2f16c015dad8738c9e5329f2d72a", "mtime": 1351589144000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-10-30T09:25:42Z", "dateModified": "2012-10-30T09:25:42Z" } }, { "key": "4VCXV4DI", "version": 15, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 36024, "name": "WiSC", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wisc", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/36024/items/4VCXV4DI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wisc/items/4VCXV4DI", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/36024/items/6SRVUKMC", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 207828, "username": "schoenauer", "name": "Robert Schoenauer", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/schoenauer", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "4VCXV4DI", "version": 15, "parentItem": "6SRVUKMC", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2012-07-25T13:56:34Z", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1982.tb01384.x/abstract", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "abstract.html", "md5": "2e8023376ed52183243fdba8252fe750", "mtime": 1343224596000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-10-30T09:22:57Z", "dateModified": "2012-10-30T09:22:57Z" } }, { "key": "6SRVUKMC", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 36024, "name": "WiSC", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wisc", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/36024/items/6SRVUKMC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wisc/items/6SRVUKMC", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 207828, "username": "schoenauer", "name": "Robert Schoenauer", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/schoenauer", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Wilde", "parsedDate": "1982", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "6SRVUKMC", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Theory of Risk Homeostasis: Implications for Safety and Health", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gerald J. S.", "lastName": "Wilde" } ], "abstractNote": "No strategy for countermeasure design or future directions of research in the areas of human behavior which leads to traffic accidents or lifestyle-related diseases can be rationally developed without an acceptable working theory of human behavior in these domains. For this purpose, an attempt has been made to conceptually integrate the available evidence with respect to the role of human behavior in the causation of road accidents. From this integrative effort it would seem that the accident rate is ultimately dependent on one factor only, the target level of risk in the population concerned which acts as the reference variable in a homeostatic process relating accident rate to human motivation. 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Der theoretische Rahmen basiert auf der Adaption zweier Modelle, die in eines überführt wurden. Von dem einen Modell (Norman & Shallice, 1986) wurde in erster Linie die Handlungsauswahl übernommen, vom zweiten Modell (Hockey, 1993) der Regulationsmechanismus. Das neue Modell (Reitter & Galley) wurde zur Ableitung der Hypothesen über den Verlauf, die Stärke und möglicher Rangreihen physiologi-scher Parameter und Ergebnissen von Befragungen zur Interpretation von Beanspruchung und Monotonie des Autofahrers herangezogen. In dieser Arbeit wurden folgende Methoden angewendet: Spontane Blickverteilung: Hieraus werden diverse Parameter von Sakkaden und Lidschlägen ermittelt. Springender Punkt: Dies ist eine Blickbewegungsaufgabe, bei der ein beschleunigter Rechteck-Reiz (zwei alternierend aufleuchtende LEDs) mit den Augen verfolgt wird. Auch hier ergeben sich verschiedene Parameter. Zur Überprüfung der Hypothesen wurde ein neues Versuchsfahrzeug aufgebaut, welches als Besonderheit die Möglichkeit besaß, unterschiedliche fahrzeugeigene Geräuschquellen in modi-fizierter Form online in die Fahrerkabine einzuspielen, ohne daß dies von dem Fahrer bewußt wahrgenommen wurde. Den Teilnehmern wurden modifizierte Motorengeräusche in die Fahrerkabine eingespielt: (SD0) das Fahrzeuggeräusch ohne zusätzlich eingespielte Geräusche, sozusagen der Grundzustand, an dem die Änderungen gemessen werden können, (SD1) das Fahrzeug mit zusätzlich den hohen Komponenten des Motorengeräusches und (SD2) das Fahrzeug mit zusätzlich den tiefen Kom-ponenten des Motorengeräusches. Es wurden sechs Teilnehmer gebeten, jeweils drei Mal eine längere Strecke zu fahren. Für jede der drei Fahrten wurde eine der drei Geräuschmodifikationen von den Teilnehmern unbemerkt in einer anderen Reihenfolge umgesetzt. Die Versuchsstrecke und die Randbedingungen des Ver-suchs wurden so gewählt, daß die Effekte der Beanspruchung durch Monotonie verstärkt wurden. Als Ergebnis zeigt sich, daß im niedrigen Frequenzbereich bereits nicht mehr zwischen einer Zu- oder Abnahme der Beanspruchung sinnvoll differenziert werden kann, im hohen Frequenzbereich jedoch durchaus noch Potential für Optimierungen vorhanden zu sein scheint, und daß die Fahrten ohne eingespielte Geräusche entgegen einer ersten Arbeitshypothese nicht beanspruchender oder monotonisierender wirken als die Fahrten mit eingespielten Geräuschen. Des weiteren konnten besonders geeignete Blickbewegungsparameter separiert werden, um Beanspruchung bei Langstreckenfahrten aufzuzeigen. Die Kernaussagen dieser Arbeit sind: * Die Soundbedingungen SD0-ohne und SD2-tief sind ununterscheidbar und weniger beanspru-chend als SD1-hoch. * Es gibt vier sehr gute Parameter, die sich aus dem Springenden Punkt, und drei weitere, die sich aus den spontanen Blickverteilungen ableiten lassen. * Aversiv getönte Aktivation führt zu Ermüdung. * Monotonie tritt auf, wenn drei Randbedingungen erfüllt werden: (1) einförmige Umweltbedin-gungen, (2) eingeschränkte Handlungsoptionen und (3) aversiv wahrgenommene Situationen.", "websiteTitle": "SWB-IDNR/http://edocs.tu-berlin.de/diss/2000/reitter_christian.pdf", "websiteType": "Text.Thesis.Doctoral", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://opus.kobv.de/tuberlin/volltexte/2001/95/", "accessDate": "2012-10-12T12:13:02Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "ger", "rights": "http://opus.kobv.de/tuberlin/doku/lic_mit_pod.php", "extra": "Um die der Arbeit zugrundeliegende Frage beantworten zu können, „Sind gegenwärtige Fahrzeuge in der Fahrgastzelle bereits so stark geräuschgedämpft, daß das Fehlen von Geräuschen zu meßbaren Beanspruchungen bei Langzeitautobahnfahrten des Fahrers führt, das heißt zu vorschneller Ermüdung?“, wurde ein theoretischer Rahmen geschaffen, mit dessen Hilfe eine nennenswerte Beanspruchung erfaßt werden kann. Der theoretische Rahmen basiert auf der Adaption zweier Modelle, die in eines überführt wurden. Von dem einen Modell (Norman & Shallice, 1986) wurde in erster Linie die Handlungsauswahl übernommen, vom zweiten Modell (Hockey, 1993) der Regulationsmechanismus. Das neue Modell (Reitter & Galley) wurde zur Ableitung der Hypothesen über den Verlauf, die Stärke und möglicher Rangreihen physiologi-scher Parameter und Ergebnissen von Befragungen zur Interpretation von Beanspruchung und Monotonie des Autofahrers herangezogen.\n\n\n\nIn dieser Arbeit wurden folgende Methoden angewendet:\n\n\n\nSpontane Blickverteilung: Hieraus werden diverse Parameter von Sakkaden und Lidschlägen ermittelt. Springender Punkt: Dies ist eine Blickbewegungsaufgabe, bei der ein beschleunigter Rechteck-Reiz (zwei alternierend aufleuchtende LEDs) mit den Augen verfolgt wird. Auch hier ergeben sich verschiedene Parameter.\n\n\n\nZur Überprüfung der Hypothesen wurde ein neues Versuchsfahrzeug aufgebaut, welches als Besonderheit die Möglichkeit besaß, unterschiedliche fahrzeugeigene Geräuschquellen in modi-fizierter Form online in die Fahrerkabine einzuspielen, ohne daß dies von dem Fahrer bewußt wahrgenommen wurde.\n\n\n\nDen Teilnehmern wurden modifizierte Motorengeräusche in die Fahrerkabine eingespielt: (SD0) das Fahrzeuggeräusch ohne zusätzlich eingespielte Geräusche, sozusagen der Grundzustand, an dem die Änderungen gemessen werden können, (SD1) das Fahrzeug mit zusätzlich den hohen Komponenten des Motorengeräusches und (SD2) das Fahrzeug mit zusätzlich den tiefen Kom-ponenten des Motorengeräusches.\n\n\n\nEs wurden sechs Teilnehmer gebeten, jeweils drei Mal eine längere Strecke zu fahren. Für jede der drei Fahrten wurde eine der drei Geräuschmodifikationen von den Teilnehmern unbemerkt in einer anderen Reihenfolge umgesetzt. Die Versuchsstrecke und die Randbedingungen des Ver-suchs wurden so gewählt, daß die Effekte der Beanspruchung durch Monotonie verstärkt wurden.\n\n\n\nAls Ergebnis zeigt sich, daß im niedrigen Frequenzbereich bereits nicht mehr zwischen einer Zu- oder Abnahme der Beanspruchung sinnvoll differenziert werden kann, im hohen Frequenzbereich jedoch durchaus noch Potential für Optimierungen vorhanden zu sein scheint, und daß die Fahrten ohne eingespielte Geräusche entgegen einer ersten Arbeitshypothese nicht beanspruchender oder monotonisierender wirken als die Fahrten mit eingespielten Geräuschen.\n\n\n\nDes weiteren konnten besonders geeignete Blickbewegungsparameter separiert werden, um Beanspruchung bei Langstreckenfahrten aufzuzeigen.\n\n\n\nDie Kernaussagen dieser Arbeit sind:\n\n\n\n* Die Soundbedingungen SD0-ohne und SD2-tief sind ununterscheidbar und weniger beanspru-chend als SD1-hoch.\n\n\n\n* Es gibt vier sehr gute Parameter, die sich aus dem Springenden Punkt, und drei weitere, die sich aus den spontanen Blickverteilungen ableiten lassen.\n\n\n\n* Aversiv getönte Aktivation führt zu Ermüdung.\n\n\n\n* Monotonie tritt auf, wenn drei Randbedingungen erfüllt werden: (1) einförmige Umweltbedin-gungen, (2) eingeschränkte Handlungsoptionen und (3) aversiv wahrgenommene Situationen.", "tags": [ { "tag": "600", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Beanspruchung", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Blickbewegung", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Ergonomie", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Ermüdung", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Geräusche", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Monotonie", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "RMASHSEQ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-10-12T12:13:02Z", "dateModified": "2012-10-12T12:13:02Z" } }, { "key": "7TPXHWBJ", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 36024, "name": "WiSC", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wisc", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/36024/items/7TPXHWBJ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wisc/items/7TPXHWBJ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 207828, "username": "schoenauer", "name": "Robert Schoenauer", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/schoenauer", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Westphalen", "parsedDate": "1989", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "7TPXHWBJ", "version": 5, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Straßenbeleuchtung. 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EIN WEG, DIE EUROPAEISCHE NORM ZUR STRASSENBELEUCHTUNG SCHNELL UND EINFACH ZU HANDHABEN", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "W.", "lastName": "Jordanow" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Jordanowa" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "O.", "lastName": "Schuetz" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "LICHT", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1998", "volume": "50", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://trid.trb.org/view.aspx?id=990559", "accessDate": "2012-10-08T08:41:03Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0024-2861", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "trid.trb.org", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Drivers", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "EG", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Eigenschaft", 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"0039-2219", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "trid.trb.org", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Accident rates", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Accident severity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Arterial highways", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Costs", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Decreases", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fernverkehrsstrasse", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fussgaenger", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Gefahr", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Geschwindigkeit", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Hazards", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Impact studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Kosten", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Lichtstaerke", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Luminous intensity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Nacht", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Night", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Pedestrians", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Speed", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Strassenbeleuchtung", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Street lighting", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Traffic density", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Unfallhaeufigkeit", 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"key": "2E2BAZSQ", "version": 4, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "VISUAL PROBLEMS ON DUTCH MOTORWAYS DURING DARKNESS", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P.", "lastName": "Padmos" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1988", "volume": "", "issue": "IZF 1988 C", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://trid.trb.org/view.aspx?id=380656", "accessDate": "2012-10-08T08:29:09Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "trid.trb.org", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Driving", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Dryness", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Freeways", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Glare", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Mileposts", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Night", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Pavements", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Reflectivity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Reflectorized materials", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Road markings", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Street lighting", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Surface course (Pavements)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Surfacing", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Test procedures", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Traffic density", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Visibility", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Vision", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Wet pavements", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Wet weather", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "RMASHSEQ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-10-08T08:29:09Z", "dateModified": "2012-10-12T12:11:47Z" } }, { "key": "4MXX82K4", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 36024, "name": "WiSC", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wisc", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/36024/items/4MXX82K4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": 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M.", "lastName": "Knoflacher" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "BEITRAEGE ZUR VERKEHRSPLANUNG", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1984", "volume": "", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://trid.trb.org/view.aspx?id=1036317", "accessDate": "2012-10-12T11:53:24Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "NATUERLICHE GRENZEN DER GESCHWINDIGKEITSWAHRNEHMUNG", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "trid.trb.org", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Auditory perception", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Forecasting", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Forschungsbericht", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "GESCHWINDIGKEITSSCHAETZEN", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Geschwindigkeit", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Hoervermoegen", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Perception", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Physiologie", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Physiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Prognose", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Research reports", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sehvermoegen", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Speed", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Vision", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Wahrnehmung", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "RMASHSEQ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-10-12T11:53:24Z", "dateModified": "2012-10-12T12:11:47Z" } }, { "key": "KDGR3GDT", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 36024, "name": "WiSC", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wisc", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/36024/items/KDGR3GDT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wisc/items/KDGR3GDT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 207828, "username": "schoenauer", "name": "Robert Schoenauer", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/schoenauer", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Assum et al.", "parsedDate": "1999-09", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "KDGR3GDT", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Risk compensation—the case of road lighting", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Terje", "lastName": "Assum" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Torkel", "lastName": "Bjørnskau" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stein", "lastName": "Fosser" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Fridulv", "lastName": "Sagberg" } ], "abstractNote": "The hypothesis of this article is that drivers will not adjust their behavior, i.e. drivers are not expected to increase their speed, reduce their concentration or travel more when road lighting is installed. The hypothesis was based on previous research showing that road lighting reduces road accidents and that average driving speeds do not increase when road lighting is installed. Our results show that drivers do compensate for road lighting in terms of increased speed and reduced concentration. Consequently, the hypothesis is rejected. This means that road lighting could have a somewhat larger accident-reducing effect, if compensation could be avoided. The fact that previous research has found no change in average speed when road lighting is introduced, seems to be explained by increased driving speeds by some drivers being counterbalanced by a larger proportion of more slowly driving groups of drivers (elderly people and women), i.e. different subgroups of road users compensate in different ways.", "publicationTitle": "Accident Analysis & Prevention", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "September 1999", "volume": "31", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "545-553", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Accident Analysis & Prevention", "DOI": "10.1016/S0001-4575(99)00011-1", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001457599000111", "accessDate": "2012-10-11T15:29:41Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0001-4575", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Behavioral adaptation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Concentration", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Lateral position", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Risk compensation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Road lighting", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Speed", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "RMASHSEQ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-10-11T15:29:41Z", "dateModified": "2012-10-12T12:11:47Z" } }, { "key": "F6KH6WXI", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 36024, "name": "WiSC", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wisc", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/36024/items/F6KH6WXI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/wisc/items/F6KH6WXI", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 207828, "username": "schoenauer", "name": "Robert Schoenauer", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/schoenauer", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lachenmayr et al.", "parsedDate": "1996-07", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "F6KH6WXI", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "SEHSTOERUNGEN ALS UNFALLURSACHE", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B.", "lastName": "Lachenmayr" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Buser" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "O.", "lastName": "Keller" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "BERICHTE DER BUNDESANSTALT FUER STRASSENWESEN. 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