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In this article, we compare the issues and concerns of contemporary scholars who work on matters of culture with the writings of a group of scholars who had prepared papers for a special symposium on scientific measurement held at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) back in 1956. We focus on three issues—the recurring need to reinvent measurement (as illustrated by the career of the psychologist S.S. Stevens), the linkage between qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis (as articulated in the writings of the sociologist Paul Lazarsfeld), and the assertion (by philosophers Ernst Cassirer and Peter Caws) that theorizing necessarily precedes measuring. We review a number of important advances in the way that measurement is theorized and implemented in the sociology of culture and we also point to a number of enduring dilemmas and conundrums that continue to occupy researchers in the field today.", "publicationTitle": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://link.springer.com.turing.library.northwestern.edu/article/10.1007/s11186-014-9227-2", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "8C5VCUCG", "HGSMBHV2", "NZRBPXGI" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-07-29T05:33:51Z", "dateModified": "2015-07-29T05:33:51Z" } }, { "key": "M82ETEUK", 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"", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://learnlab.org/uploads/mypslc/publications/bc-v26.pdf", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "HGSMBHV2", "NZRBPXGI" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-07-29T05:21:29Z", "dateModified": "2015-07-29T05:21:29Z" } }, { "key": "3D6HDNQC", "version": 54, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 360198, "name": "DSSG", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/dssg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/360198/items/3D6HDNQC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/dssg/items/3D6HDNQC", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2518832, "username": "sabina321", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { 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"library": { "type": "group", "id": 360198, "name": "DSSG", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/dssg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/360198/items/KBKMKGSQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/dssg/items/KBKMKGSQ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 741921, "username": "ncaldero", "name": "Nadya Calderon Romero", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ncaldero", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lakkaraju", "parsedDate": "2015-08", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "KBKMKGSQ", "version": 47, "itemType": "conferencePaper", "title": "A Machine Learning Framework to Identify Students at Risk of Adverse Academic Outcomes", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Himabindu", "lastName": "Lakkaraju" } ], "abstractNote": "Many school districts have developed successful interven- tion programs to help students graduate high school on time. However, identifying and prioritizing students who need those interventions the most remains challenging. This paper de- scribes a machine learning framework to identify such stu- dents, describes features that are useful for this task, applies several classification algorithms, and evaluates them using metrics important to school administrators. To help test this framework and make it practically useful, we partnered with two U.S. school districts with a combined enrollment of approximately of 200,000 students. We together designed metrics to evaluate the framework’s performance and tools such as interactive dashboards to help match at risk students with appropriate supports. This paper focuses on students at risk of not finishing high school on time, but our frame- work lays a foundation for future work on other adverse academic outcomes.", "proceedingsTitle": "", "conferenceName": "KDD", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "August 2015", "eventPlace": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dssg.uchicago.edu/2000/02/02/org-mcps.html", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "HGSMBHV2" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-07-06T23:48:11Z", "dateModified": "2015-07-06T23:57:00Z" } }, { "key": "6K6V2Q75", "version": 41, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 360198, "name": "DSSG", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/dssg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/360198/items/6K6V2Q75", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/dssg/items/6K6V2Q75", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2518832, "username": "sabina321", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sabina321", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "6K6V2Q75", "version": 41, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Bachelor’s to PhD STEM Pipeline No Longer Leaks More Women Than\nMen: A 30-Year Analysis", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00037/full", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "HGSMBHV2" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-07-03T17:03:32Z", "dateModified": "2015-07-03T17:03:32Z" } }, { "key": "ZQKPBIEC", "version": 39, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 360198, "name": "DSSG", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/dssg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/360198/items/ZQKPBIEC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/dssg/items/ZQKPBIEC", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2518832, "username": "sabina321", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sabina321", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ZQKPBIEC", "version": 39, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Amplifying the Impact of Open Access: Wikipedia and the Diffusion of Science", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://arxiv.org/abs/1506.07608", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "HGSMBHV2" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-07-03T16:56:20Z", "dateModified": "2015-07-03T16:56:20Z" } }, { "key": "84FN3WKE", "version": 33, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 360198, "name": "DSSG", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/dssg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/360198/items/84FN3WKE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/dssg/items/84FN3WKE", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2518832, "username": "sabina321", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sabina321", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "84FN3WKE", "version": 33, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Probabilistic Inference of Unknown Locations: Exploiting Collective Behavior when Individual Data is Scarce", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "New sources of large-scale geospatial data can inform policy decisions ranging from disease monitoring and city planning to disaster management and humanitarian relief. However, existing methods for mining these data are not well suited to most developing country contexts where technology use is less intense and the digital traces are generally quite sparse. Here, we present a method for predicting the approximate location of a mobile phone subscriber that is more appropriate to contexts where the signal generated by each individual may be intermittent, but the collective population generates a large amount of data. This method works well when, for instance, an individual is not consistently active on the network or when the phone is off. Our model uses a nonparametric approach to probabilistically interpolate locations, and has the advantage of associating a confidence with each prediction. We test this method on a large dataset of anonymized mobile phone records from Afghanistan, and find that we can correctly predict a subscriber's unknown location in 76%-95% of cases, and that on average our predicted location is off by 0.2-1.9 kilometers.", "publicationTitle": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.jblumenstock.com/files/papers/jblumenstock_dev2014.pdf", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "HGSMBHV2", "WGV9T9JX" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-06-24T05:55:24Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-24T05:55:24Z" } }, { "key": "5MNUF7GC", "version": 31, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 360198, "name": "DSSG", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/dssg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/360198/items/5MNUF7GC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/dssg/items/5MNUF7GC", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2518832, "username": "sabina321", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sabina321", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "5MNUF7GC", "version": 31, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Promises and Pitfalls of Mobile Money in Afghanistan: Evidence from a Randomized Control Trial", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "We present the results of a field experiment in Afghanistan that was designed to increase adoption of mobile money, and determine if such adoption led to measurable changes in the lives of the adopters. The intervention we evaluate is a mobile salary payment program, in which a random subset of individuals of a large firm were transitioned into receiving their regular salaries in mobile money rather than in cash. While mobile money salaries led to immediate and significant cost savings to the employer, we find little consistent evidence that mobile money had an impact on several key indicators of individual wealth or well-being. Taken together, these results suggest that while mobile salary payments may greatly increase the efficiency and transparency of traditional economies, in the short run the benefits may be realized by those making the payments, rather than by those receiving them.", "publicationTitle": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.jblumenstock.com/files/papers/jblumenstock_ictd2015.pdf", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "HGSMBHV2", "WGV9T9JX" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-06-24T05:54:26Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-24T05:54:26Z" } }, { "key": "8QPFZVZI", "version": 27, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 360198, "name": "DSSG", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/dssg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/360198/items/8QPFZVZI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/dssg/items/8QPFZVZI", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2518832, "username": "sabina321", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sabina321", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "8QPFZVZI", "version": 27, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Does Schooling Cause Growth?", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://klenow.com/BKHK.pdf", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "8C5VCUCG" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-06-24T05:46:16Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-24T05:46:16Z" } }, { "key": "7UNE9W8S", "version": 25, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 360198, "name": "DSSG", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/dssg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/360198/items/7UNE9W8S", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/dssg/items/7UNE9W8S", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2518832, "username": "sabina321", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sabina321", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "7UNE9W8S", "version": 25, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Money, schooling, and health: Mechanisms\nand causal evidence", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://unnaturalcauses.org/assets/uploads/file/MoneySchoolingHealth.PDF", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "8C5VCUCG" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-06-24T05:45:33Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-24T05:45:33Z" } }, { "key": "WWERPRT2", "version": 23, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 360198, "name": "DSSG", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/dssg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/360198/items/WWERPRT2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/dssg/items/WWERPRT2", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2518832, "username": "sabina321", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sabina321", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "WWERPRT2", "version": 23, "itemType": "document", "title": "A Model for Quality of Schooling", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "A key challenge for policymakers in many developing countries \nis to decide which intervention or collection of interventions \nworks best to improve learning outcomes in their schools. Our \naim is to develop a causal model that explains student learning \noutcomes in terms of observable characteristics as well as \nconditions and processes difficult \nto observe directly. We start \nwith a theoretical model based on the results of previous research, \ndirect experience and experts’ knowledge in the field. This \nmodel is then refined through application of supervised learning \nmethods to available data sets. Once calibrated with local data in \na country, the model estimates the probability that a given \nintervention would affect learning outcomes.", "type": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.causallinks.com/assets/resources/QualityOfSchooling2010-aaai.pdf", "accessDate": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "HGSMBHV2", "WGV9T9JX" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-06-24T05:41:54Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-24T05:41:54Z" } }, { "key": "PPHAJ2UN", "version": 21, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 360198, "name": "DSSG", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/dssg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/360198/items/PPHAJ2UN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/dssg/items/PPHAJ2UN", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2518832, "username": "sabina321", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sabina321", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "PPHAJ2UN", "version": 21, "itemType": "document", "title": "xteagle: Mobile Crowdsourcing", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "We present txteagle, a system that enables people to earn small \namounts of money by completing simple tasks on their mobile phone for corporations who pay them in either airtime or MPESA (mobile money).", "type": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://realitycommons.media.mit.edu/pdfs/hcii_txteagle.pdf", "accessDate": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "HGSMBHV2", "WGV9T9JX" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-06-24T05:33:32Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-24T05:33:32Z" } }, { "key": "KTC88WAT", "version": 20, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 360198, "name": "DSSG", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/dssg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/360198/items/KTC88WAT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/dssg/items/KTC88WAT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2518832, "username": "sabina321", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sabina321", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "KTC88WAT", "version": 20, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Community Computing: Comparisons between\nRural and Urban Societies using Mobile Phone Data", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "We present a comparative analysis of the behav-\nioral dynamics of rural and urban societies using four years\nof mobile phone data from all 1.4M subscribers within a\nsmall country. We use information from communication logs\nand top up denominations to characterize attributes such as\nsocioeconomic status and region. We show that rural and urban\ncommunities differ dramatically not only in terms of personal\nnetwork topologies, but also in terms of inferred behavioral\ncharacteristics such as travel. We confirm the hypothesis for\nbehavioral adaptation, demonstrating that individuals change\ntheir patterns of communication to increase the similarity with\ntheir new social environment. To our knowledge, this is the first\ncomprehensive comparison between regional groups of this size", "publicationTitle": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5284288", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "HGSMBHV2", "WGV9T9JX" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-06-24T05:30:12Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-24T05:30:29Z" } }, { "key": "PETRQZDH", "version": 16, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 360198, "name": "DSSG", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/dssg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/360198/items/PETRQZDH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/dssg/items/PETRQZDH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2518832, "username": "sabina321", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sabina321", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "PETRQZDH", "version": 16, "itemType": "document", "title": "Big data and positive social change in the developing world: white paper", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "type": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://assets.rockefellerfoundation.org/app/uploads/20140507222100/Big-Data-and-Positive-Social-Change-in-the-Developing-World.pdf", "accessDate": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "HGSMBHV2", "WGV9T9JX" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-06-24T05:23:20Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-24T05:23:20Z" } }, { "key": "MMK9GF4B", "version": 13, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 360198, "name": "DSSG", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/dssg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/360198/items/MMK9GF4B", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/dssg/items/MMK9GF4B", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2518832, "username": "sabina321", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sabina321", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "MMK9GF4B", "version": 13, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Reverse-engineering censorship in\nChina: Randomized experimentation\nand participant observation", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "Censorship has a long history in China, extending from the efforts of Emperor Qin to burn Confucian texts in the third century BCE to the control of traditional broadcast media under Communist Party rule. However, with the rise of the Internet and new media platforms, more than 1.3 billion people can now broadcast their individual views, making information far more diffuse and considerably harder to control. In response, the government has built a massive social media censorship organization, the result of which constitutes the largest selective suppression of human communication in the recorded history of any country. We show that this large system, designed to suppress information, paradoxically leaves large footprints and so reveals a great deal about itself and the intentions of the government.", "publicationTitle": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://gking.harvard.edu/files/gking/files/experiment_0.pdf", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "HGSMBHV2", "WGV9T9JX" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-06-17T16:08:57Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-17T16:08:57Z" } }, { "key": "2RG6RE87", "version": 9, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 360198, "name": "DSSG", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/dssg", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/360198/items/2RG6RE87", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/dssg/items/2RG6RE87", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2518832, "username": "sabina321", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sabina321", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "2RG6RE87", "version": 9, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Parable of Google Flu: Traps in Big Data Analysis", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://gking.harvard.edu/files/gking/files/0314policyforumff.pdf", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "HGSMBHV2", "WGV9T9JX" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-06-17T16:03:40Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-17T16:03:40Z" } } ]