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الالتباس فى الخطاب الدينى «الجماعاتى»، ومن الوارد أن تبصر تداعيات هذا الالتباس فى خطابات أخرى. عالج القرآن الكريم موضوع «الردة عن الدين»، وثمة أحاديث نبوية ...", "websiteTitle": "جريدة الدستور", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "shortTitle": "محمود خليل يكتب", "url": "http://www.dostor.org/1306531", "accessDate": "2017-02-14T22:28:45Z", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "QPM36S4A" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2017-02-14T22:28:45Z", "dateModified": "2017-02-14T22:29:08Z" } }, { "key": "9ZCKXNIP", "version": 872, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 359449, "name": "Islam and Religious Freedom", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/islam_and_religious_freedom", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/359449/items/9ZCKXNIP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/islam_and_religious_freedom/items/9ZCKXNIP", "type": "text/html" }, 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359449, "name": "Islam and Religious Freedom", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/islam_and_religious_freedom", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/359449/items/2P3P88AV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/islam_and_religious_freedom/items/2P3P88AV", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/359449/items/5JBZBQNW", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2112615, "username": "ahassan91", "name": "Areej", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ahassan91", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "2P3P88AV", "version": 865, "parentItem": "5JBZBQNW", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2016-11-29T17:20:20Z", "url": 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"https://www.zotero.org/groups/islam_and_religious_freedom/items/UC2D8NEN", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2112615, "username": "ahassan91", "name": "Areej", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ahassan91", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Mazhar", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "UC2D8NEN", "version": 863, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Pakistan's Blasphemy Law: Origin of 295-C - YouTube", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Arafat", "lastName": "Mazhar" } ], "abstractNote": "Pakistan's Blasphemy Law: Origins of 295C (Chapter 1)\n\nIn July 1986, the National Assembly of Pakistan passed Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, III of 1986, S. 2. The passage of this Act amended Chapter XV of the Pakistan Penal Code, entitled “Offences Relating to Religion”, via the creation of Article 295-C, itself titled “Use of Derogatory Remarks, etc., in respect of the Holy Prophet (PBUH)”.\n\nThis short video tells the story of the National Assembly session on 9 July 1986 leading up to the passage of the 295-C. It was during this session that 295-C took on its final form and punishment by death was introduced into the legislation. As the video shows, Members of the National Assembly who supported the introduction of the death penalty claimed that their position was in accordance with the universal consensus of Islamic legal scholars throughout history. In fact, however, the position of those who supported the death penalty was based on misunderstandings and misrepresentations of the very scholars they claimed to be following. As such, this video seeks to educate the public about the real positions of these scholars.\n\nIn order to substantiate the arguments made in this video, original scans of classical Islamic legal texts cited in the Parliamentary debates are attached below. We encourage our viewers to peruse the attachments, do their own research, and come to their own conclusions.\n\nhttp://neverforget.pk/wp-co…/uploads/9th-July-Parliament.pdf\n\nhttp://neverforget.pk/…/Al-Saif-al-Maslool-Original-Scan-Ar…\n\nhttp://neverforget.pk/…/Al-Sarim-al-Maslool-Original-Scan-E…\n\nhttp://neverforget.pk/…/Fatawa-e-Alamgiriyyah_Hind_Arabic_a…\n\nhttp://neverforget.pk/…/Fatawa-e-Shami-Original-Scan-Englis…\n\nhttp://neverforget.pk/…/Hidaya-Scanned-Arabic-English-and-U…\n\nhttp://neverforget.pk/…/Tahawi-Original-Scan-Arabic-English…\n\nEmail us at: 295c@neverforget.pk\n\nhttp://neverforget.pk/295c", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "shortTitle": "Pakistan's Blasphemy Law", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SXcUA86LVDg", "accessDate": "2016-10-13T15:35:10Z", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "FMBD24ZI" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-10-13T15:35:10Z", "dateModified": "2016-10-13T15:37:19Z" } }, { "key": "3WRU53VW", "version": 860, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 359449, "name": "Islam and Religious Freedom", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/islam_and_religious_freedom", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/359449/items/3WRU53VW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/islam_and_religious_freedom/items/3WRU53VW", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/359449/items/UC2D8NEN", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2112615, "username": "ahassan91", "name": "Areej", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ahassan91", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "3WRU53VW", "version": 860, "parentItem": "UC2D8NEN", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2016-10-13T15:35:10Z", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SXcUA86LVDg", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "watch.html", "md5": "281ad6c1b8e28107cdf010688a5da409", "mtime": 1476372911000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-10-13T15:35:10Z", "dateModified": "2016-10-13T15:35:10Z" } }, { "key": "7ACK2EU4", "version": 858, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 359449, "name": "Islam and Religious Freedom", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/islam_and_religious_freedom", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/359449/items/7ACK2EU4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/islam_and_religious_freedom/items/7ACK2EU4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2112615, "username": "ahassan91", "name": "Areej", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ahassan91", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ajibade", "parsedDate": "2016-09-14", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "7ACK2EU4", "version": 858, "itemType": "blogPost", "title": "Islam, Blasphemy & the Nigerian State", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Taofeek", "lastName": "Ajibade" } ], "abstractNote": "The subject of blasphemy, as it concerns Islamic personages or symbols, has become more visible in recent times especially in countries or regions that pride themselves as adhering to the Islamic faith, no thanks to the attendant jungle justice that have been meted out to alleged ‘blasphemers’. Nigeria has a blotted history of violence arising from allegations of blasphemy. Blasphemy is regarded as the utterance of words or actions considered unworthy or impious in respect of beings or things that are held sacred, for instance saying something that could be termed an insult or show of contempt, to things or people held sacred by religionists. The question of blasphemy is as old as man. Different religions have their sacred beings or objects against which their faithful followers would welcome no unbecoming utterances or actions. Just as it is in Judaism, so it is in Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Sikhism, Buddhism, as well as other religions of the world. For instance, it is considered", "blogTitle": "Rabwah Times", "websiteType": "", "date": "2016-09-14T22:52:50Z", "url": "https://www.rabwah.net/islam-blasphemy-the-nigerian-state/", "accessDate": "2016-09-15T18:38:33Z", "language": "", "shortTitle": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "TAJH3B7G" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-09-15T18:38:33Z", "dateModified": "2016-09-15T18:39:49Z" } }, { "key": "B9WJR8UR", "version": 857, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 359449, "name": "Islam and Religious Freedom", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/islam_and_religious_freedom", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/359449/items/B9WJR8UR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/islam_and_religious_freedom/items/B9WJR8UR", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/359449/items/7ACK2EU4", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2112615, "username": "ahassan91", "name": "Areej", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ahassan91", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "B9WJR8UR", "version": 857, "parentItem": "7ACK2EU4", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2016-09-15T18:38:33Z", "url": "https://www.rabwah.net/islam-blasphemy-the-nigerian-state/", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "islam-blasphemy-the-nigerian-state.html", "md5": "13ca456eb5c8a241431c620f4262aac8", "mtime": 1473964714000, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-09-15T18:38:33Z", "dateModified": "2016-09-15T18:38:33Z" } }, { "key": "E9MMQIR4", "version": 855, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 359449, "name": "Islam and Religious Freedom", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/islam_and_religious_freedom", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/359449/items/E9MMQIR4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/islam_and_religious_freedom/items/E9MMQIR4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2112615, "username": "ahassan91", "name": "Areej", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ahassan91", "type": "text/html" } } }, "parsedDate": "2016", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "E9MMQIR4", "version": 855, "itemType": "videoRecording", "title": "السادة المحترمون: بلاغ يتهم سيد القمنى بازدراء الأديان", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "انتقد الإعلامي يوسف الحسيني، اتهامات ازدراء الأديان التي تلاحق المفكرين والمبدعين في مصر، والتي كان أخرها اتهام المفكر سيد قمني بالعيب في الذات الإلهية.\n \nوقال الحسيني، خلال برنامج «السادة المحترمون»، المذاع على قناة «أون تي في لايف»: «أهلا بكم في مصرستان، أهلا بكم في بلد تعادي الأفكار، ويُقاتل المفكرين والمجددين»، مستنكرًا: «هو أي حد معدي يقدم بلاغ يقوم يُحول على النيابة العامة على طول كده».\n \nوأضاف: «للأسف الشديد بعضنا وقد يكون أكثرنا يتطرف في إبداء الرأي واعتبار كل مخالف هو كافر وخاين وعميل، فلا يوجد شخص واحد يستطيع هدم دين، وعندما نتحدث عن ذلك فنحن نسفه من هذا الدين».", "videoRecordingFormat": "", "seriesTitle": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "place": "", "studio": "", "date": "أغسطس 2016", "runningTime": "06:32", "language": "Arabic العربية", "ISBN": "", "shortTitle": "", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x3xlEhYuleE", "accessDate": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "ازدراء الاديان" } ], "collections": [ "8SJS2EK8" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-08-22T20:47:47Z", "dateModified": "2016-08-22T20:47:47Z" } }, { "key": "7Z6TCHE3", "version": 853, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 359449, "name": "Islam and Religious Freedom", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/islam_and_religious_freedom", "type": "text/html" 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Arabic, English, French, and Urdu texts have been translated and analyzed and thus made accessible. There are basically three positions which are defended on falling away from the Islamic faith: Complete advocacy of religious freedom, the complete denial of religious freedom with a call for the immediate application of the death penalty for apostates, and the centrist position. The centrist position, however, which allows inner freedom of thought and warns against premature persecution, calls for the death penalty in the case of open apostasy (e.g. in the case of conversion to another faith). Within established Islamic theology, the latter approach is nowadays the most frequent point of view found. These three main positions on apostasy are introduced in this postdoctoral thesis by means of the publications of three influential 20th century theologians: Yusuf al-Qaradawi (b. 1926), Abdullah Saeed (b. 1960), and Abu l-A'la Maududi (1903-1979). They all have followings of many millions of people and have political influence at their disposal. 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Translated from the German original:
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