[ { "key": "X34K2NQE", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 358867, "name": "WARBLS", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358867/items/X34K2NQE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls/items/X34K2NQE", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 113080, "username": "asm.map", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/asm.map", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Brown", "parsedDate": "2015-04-14", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "X34K2NQE", "version": 2, "itemType": "book", "title": "The Ransom of the Soul: Afterlife and Wealth in Early Western Christianity", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Peter", "lastName": "Brown" } ], "abstractNote": "Marking a departure in our understanding of Christian views of the afterlife from 250 to 650 CE, The Ransom of the Soul explores a revolutionary shift in thinking about the fate of the soul that occurred around the time of Rome’s fall. Peter Brown describes how this shift transformed the Church’s institutional relationship to money and set the stage for its domination of medieval society in the West. Early Christian doctrine held that the living and the dead, as equally sinful beings, needed each other in order to achieve redemption. The devotional intercessions of the living could tip the balance between heaven and hell for the deceased. In the third century, money began to play a decisive role in these practices, as wealthy Christians took ever more elaborate steps to protect their own souls and the souls of their loved ones in the afterlife. They secured privileged burial sites and made lavish donations to churches. By the seventh century, Europe was dotted with richly endowed monasteries and funerary chapels displaying in marble splendor the Christian devotion of the wealthy dead. In response to the growing influence of money, Church doctrine concerning the afterlife evolved from speculation to firm reality, and personal wealth in the pursuit of redemption led to extraordinary feats of architecture and acts of generosity. But it also prompted stormy debates about money’s proper use―debates that resonated through the centuries and kept alive the fundamental question of how heaven and earth could be joined by human agency.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "First Edition edition", "date": "April 14, 2015", "publisher": "Harvard University Press", "place": "Cambridge, Massachusetts", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "288", "ISBN": "9780674967588", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The Ransom of the Soul", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "Amazon", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-06-18T20:54:12Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-18T20:54:12Z" } }, { "key": "AJWKGMQE", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 358867, "name": "WARBLS", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358867/items/AJWKGMQE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls/items/AJWKGMQE", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358867/items/X34K2NQE", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 113080, "username": "asm.map", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/asm.map", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "AJWKGMQE", "version": 2, "parentItem": "X34K2NQE", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Amazon.com Link", "accessDate": "2015-06-18T20:54:12Z", "url": "http://www.amazon.com/The-Ransom-Soul-Afterlife-Christianity/dp/0674967585", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-06-18T20:54:12Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-18T20:54:12Z" } }, { "key": "FRBWBJFR", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 358867, "name": "WARBLS", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358867/items/FRBWBJFR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls/items/FRBWBJFR", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358867/items/QKQ5CFX8", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 113080, "username": "asm.map", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/asm.map", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "FRBWBJFR", "version": 2, "parentItem": "QKQ5CFX8", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Amazon.com Link", "accessDate": "2015-06-18T20:53:40Z", "url": "http://www.amazon.com/Clothing-Clergy-Virtue-Medieval-800-1200/dp/0801479436/ref=sr_1_3?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1429729796&sr=1-3&keywords=maureen+c+miller", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-06-18T20:53:40Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-18T20:53:40Z" } }, { "key": "QKQ5CFX8", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 358867, "name": "WARBLS", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358867/items/QKQ5CFX8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls/items/QKQ5CFX8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 113080, "username": "asm.map", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/asm.map", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Miller", "parsedDate": "2014-05-06", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "QKQ5CFX8", "version": 2, "itemType": "book", "title": "Clothing the Clergy: Virtue and Power in Medieval Europe, c. 800-1200", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Maureen C.", "lastName": "Miller" } ], "abstractNote": "After initial ambivalence about distinctive garb for its ministers, early Christianity developed both liturgical garments and visible markers of clerical status outside church. From the ninth century, moreover, new converts to the faith beyond the Alps developed a highly ornate style of liturgical attire; church vestments were made of precious silks and decorated with embroidered and woven ornament, often incorporating gold and jewels. Making use of surviving medieval textiles and garments; mosaics, frescoes, and manuscript illuminations; canon law; liturgical sources; literary works; hagiography; theological tracts; chronicles, letters, inventories of ecclesiastical treasuries, and wills, Maureen C. Miller in Clothing the Clergy traces the ways in which clerical garb changed over the Middle Ages.Miller’s in-depth study of the material culture of church vestments not only goes into detail about craft, artistry, and textiles but also contributes in groundbreaking ways to our understanding of the religious, social, and political meanings of clothing, past and present. As a language of power, clerical clothing was used extensively by eleventh-century reformers to mark hierarchies, to cultivate female patrons, and to make radical new claims for the status of the clergy. The medieval clerical culture of clothing had enduring significance: its cultivation continued within Catholicism and even some Protestant denominations and it influenced the visual communication of respectability and power in the modern Western world. Clothing the Clergy features seventy-nine illustrations, including forty color photographs that put the rich variety of church vestments on display.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "1 edition", "date": "May 6, 2014", "publisher": "Cornell University Press", "place": "Ithaca", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "304", "ISBN": "9780801479434", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Clothing the Clergy", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "Amazon", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-06-18T20:53:40Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-18T20:53:40Z" } }, { "key": "8PBTPTEZ", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 358867, "name": "WARBLS", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358867/items/8PBTPTEZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls/items/8PBTPTEZ", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358867/items/TJ2QF9VX", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 113080, "username": "asm.map", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/asm.map", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "8PBTPTEZ", "version": 2, "parentItem": "TJ2QF9VX", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Amazon.com Link", "accessDate": "2015-06-18T20:53:05Z", "url": "http://www.amazon.com/Hagiography-Merovingian-Kingdom-Cambridge-Medieval/dp/1107050650", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-06-18T20:53:05Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-18T20:53:05Z" } }, { "key": "TJ2QF9VX", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 358867, "name": "WARBLS", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358867/items/TJ2QF9VX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls/items/TJ2QF9VX", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 113080, "username": "asm.map", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/asm.map", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kreiner", "parsedDate": "2014-05-26", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "TJ2QF9VX", "version": 2, "itemType": "book", "title": "The Social Life of Hagiography in the Merovingian Kingdom", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jamie", "lastName": "Kreiner" } ], "abstractNote": "This book charts the influence of Christian ideas about social responsibility on the legal, fiscal and operational policies of the Merovingian government, which consistently depended upon the collaboration of kings and elites to succeed, and it shows how a set of stories transformed the political playing field in early medieval Gaul. Contemporary thinkers encouraged this development by writing political arguments in the form of hagiography, more to redefine the rules and resources of elite culture than to promote saints' cults. Jamie Kreiner explores how hagiographers were able to do this effectively, by layering their arguments with different rhetorical and cognitive strategies while keeping the surface narratives entertaining. The result was a subtle and captivating literature that gives us new ways of thinking about how ideas and institutions can change, and how the vibrancy of Merovingian culture inspired subsequent Carolingian developments.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "May 26, 2014", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "place": "Cambridge, United Kingdom ; New York", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "340", "ISBN": "9781107050655", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "Amazon", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-06-18T20:53:05Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-18T20:53:05Z" } }, { "key": "XRWEZQST", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 358867, "name": "WARBLS", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358867/items/XRWEZQST", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls/items/XRWEZQST", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 113080, "username": "asm.map", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/asm.map", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Watts", "parsedDate": "2015-02-06", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "XRWEZQST", "version": 2, "itemType": "book", "title": "The Final Pagan Generation", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Edward J.", "lastName": "Watts" } ], "abstractNote": "The Final Pagan Generation recounts the fascinating story of the lives and fortunes of the last Romans born before the Emperor Constantine converted to Christianity. Edward J. Watts traces their experiences of living through the fourth century’s dramatic religious and political changes, when heated confrontations saw the Christian establishment legislate against pagan practices as mobs attacked pagan holy sites and temples. The emperors who issued these laws, the imperial officials charged with implementing them, and the Christian perpetrators of religious violence were almost exclusively young men whose attitudes and actions contrasted markedly with those of the earlier generation, who shared neither their juniors’ interest in creating sharply defined religious identities nor their propensity for violent conflict. Watts examines why the \"final pagan generation\"—born to the old ways and the old world in which it seemed to everyone that religious practices would continue as they had for the past two thousand years—proved both unable to anticipate the changes that imperially sponsored Christianity produced and unwilling to resist them. A compelling and provocative read, suitable for the general reader as well as students and scholars of the ancient world.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "February 6, 2015", "publisher": "University of California Press", "place": "Oakland, California", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "344", "ISBN": "9780520283701", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "Amazon", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-06-18T20:52:31Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-18T20:52:31Z" } }, { "key": "KEA46BPV", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 358867, "name": "WARBLS", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358867/items/KEA46BPV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls/items/KEA46BPV", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358867/items/XRWEZQST", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 113080, "username": "asm.map", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/asm.map", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "KEA46BPV", "version": 2, "parentItem": "XRWEZQST", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Amazon.com Link", "accessDate": "2015-06-18T20:52:31Z", "url": "http://www.amazon.com/Final-Generation-Transformation-Classical-Heritage/dp/0520283708", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-06-18T20:52:31Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-18T20:52:31Z" } }, { "key": "Q88BMV65", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 358867, "name": "WARBLS", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358867/items/Q88BMV65", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls/items/Q88BMV65", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358867/items/V6JIUQ22", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 113080, "username": "asm.map", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/asm.map", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "Q88BMV65", "version": 2, "parentItem": "V6JIUQ22", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Amazon.com Link", "accessDate": "2015-06-18T20:51:51Z", "url": "http://www.amazon.com/The-Emperor-World-Byzantine-Thirteenth/dp/1107004772", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-06-18T20:51:51Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-18T20:51:51Z" } }, { "key": "V6JIUQ22", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 358867, "name": "WARBLS", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358867/items/V6JIUQ22", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls/items/V6JIUQ22", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 113080, "username": "asm.map", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/asm.map", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Walker", "parsedDate": "2012-04-30", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "V6JIUQ22", "version": 2, "itemType": "book", "title": "The Emperor and the World: Exotic Elements and the Imaging of Middle Byzantine Imperial Power, Ninth to Thirteenth Centuries C.E.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alicia", "lastName": "Walker" } ], "abstractNote": "Byzantine imperial imagery is commonly perceived as a static system. In contrast to this common portrayal, this book draws attention to its openness and responsiveness to other artistic traditions. Through a close examination of significant objects and monuments created over a 350-year period, from the ninth to the thirteenth century, Alicia Walker shows how the visual articulation of Byzantine imperial power not only maintained a visual vocabulary inherited from Greco-Roman antiquity and the Judeo-Christian tradition, but also innovated on these artistic precedents by incorporating styles and forms from contemporary foreign cultures, specifically the Sasanian, Chinese, and Islamic worlds. In addition to art and architecture, this book explores historical accounts and literary works as well as records of ceremonial practices, thereby demonstrating how texts, ritual, and images operated as integrated agents of imperial power. Walker offers new ways to think about cross-cultural interaction in the Middle Ages and explores the diverse ways in which imperial images employed foreign elements in order to express particularly Byzantine meanings.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "1 edition", "date": "April 30, 2012", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "place": "Cambridge ; New York", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "288", "ISBN": "9781107004771", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The Emperor and the World", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "Amazon", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-06-18T20:51:51Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-18T20:51:51Z" } }, { "key": "TWNEKWEF", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 358867, "name": "WARBLS", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358867/items/TWNEKWEF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls/items/TWNEKWEF", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358867/items/8DWGW3JQ", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 113080, "username": "asm.map", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/asm.map", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "TWNEKWEF", "version": 2, "parentItem": "8DWGW3JQ", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Amazon.com Link", "accessDate": "2015-06-18T20:51:13Z", "url": "http://www.amazon.com/dp/0812246446/ref=cm_sw_su_dp", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-06-18T20:51:13Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-18T20:51:13Z" } }, { "key": "8DWGW3JQ", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 358867, "name": "WARBLS", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358867/items/8DWGW3JQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls/items/8DWGW3JQ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 113080, "username": "asm.map", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/asm.map", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Krueger", "parsedDate": "2014-10-09", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "8DWGW3JQ", "version": 2, "itemType": "book", "title": "Liturgical Subjects: Christian Ritual, Biblical Narrative, and the Formation of the Self in Byzantium", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Derek", "lastName": "Krueger" } ], "abstractNote": "Liturgical Subjects examines the history of the self in the Byzantine Empire, challenging narratives of Christian subjectivity that focus only on classical antiquity and the Western Middle Ages. As Derek Krueger demonstrates, Orthodox Christian interior life was profoundly shaped by patterns of worship introduced and disseminated by Byzantine clergy. Hymns, prayers, and sermons transmitted complex emotional responses to biblical stories, particularly during Lent. Religious services and religious art taught congregants who they were in relation to God and each other.Focusing on Christian practice in Constantinople from the sixth to eleventh centuries, Krueger charts the impact of the liturgical calendar, the eucharistic rite, hymns for vigils and festivals, and scenes from the life of Christ on the making of Christian selves. Exploring the verse of great Byzantine liturgical poets, including Romanos the Melodist, Andrew of Crete, Theodore the Stoudite, and Symeon the New Theologian, he demonstrates how their compositions offered templates for Christian self-regard and self-criticism, defining the Christian \"I.\" Cantors, choirs, and congregations sang in the first person singular expressing guilt and repentence, while prayers and sermons defined the collective identity of the Christian community as sinners in need of salvation. By examining the way models of selfhood were formed, performed, and transmitted in the Byzantine Empire, Liturgical Subjects adds a vital dimension to the history of the self in Western culture.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "October 9, 2014", "publisher": "University of Pennsylvania Press", "place": "Philadelphia", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "328", "ISBN": "9780812246445", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Liturgical Subjects", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "Amazon", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-06-18T20:51:13Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-18T20:51:13Z" } }, { "key": "7SP69GSA", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 358867, "name": "WARBLS", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358867/items/7SP69GSA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls/items/7SP69GSA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 113080, "username": "asm.map", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/asm.map", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hoyland", "parsedDate": "2014-11-03", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "7SP69GSA", "version": 2, "itemType": "book", "title": "In God's Path: The Arab Conquests and the Creation of an Islamic Empire", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert G.", "lastName": "Hoyland" } ], "abstractNote": "In just over a hundred years--from the death of Muhammad in 632 to the beginning of the Abbasid Caliphate in 750--the followers of the Prophet swept across the whole of the Middle East, North Africa, and Spain. Their armies threatened states as far flung as the Franks in Western Europe and the Tang Empire in China. The conquered territory was larger than the Roman Empire at its greatest expansion, and it was claimed for the Arabs in roughly half the time. How this collection of Arabian tribes was able to engulf so many empires, states, and armies in such a short period has perplexed historians for centuries. Most accounts of the Arab invasions have been based almost solely on the early Muslim sources, which were composed centuries later to illustrate the divinely chosen status of the Arabs. Robert Hoyland's groundbreaking new history assimilates not only the rich biographical information of the early Muslim sources but also the many non-Arabic sources, contemporaneous or near-contemporaneous with the conquests. In God's Path begins with a broad picture of the Late Antique world prior to the Prophet's arrival, a world dominated by two superpowers: Byzantium and Sasanian Persia. In between these empires, emerged a distinct Arabian identity, which helped forge the inhabitants of western Arabia into a formidable fighting force. The Arabs are the principal actors in this drama yet, as Hoyland shows, the peoples along the edges of Byzantium and Persia--the Khazars, Bulgars, Avars, and Turks--all played critical roles in the remaking of the old world order. The new faith propagated by Muhammad and his successors made it possible for many of the conquered peoples to join the Arabs in creating the first Islamic Empire. Well-paced, comprehensive, and eminently readable, In God's Path presents a sweeping narrative of a transformational period in world history.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "1 edition", "date": "November 3, 2014", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "place": "Oxford ; New York", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "320", "ISBN": "9780199916368", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "In God's Path", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "Amazon", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-06-18T20:50:22Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-18T20:50:22Z" } }, { "key": "7W49D2UK", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 358867, "name": "WARBLS", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358867/items/7W49D2UK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls/items/7W49D2UK", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358867/items/7SP69GSA", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 113080, "username": "asm.map", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/asm.map", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "7W49D2UK", "version": 2, "parentItem": "7SP69GSA", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Amazon.com Link", "accessDate": "2015-06-18T20:50:22Z", "url": "http://www.amazon.com/dp/0199916365/ref=cm_sw_su_dp", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-06-18T20:50:22Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-18T20:50:22Z" } }, { "key": "VFIJXK22", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 358867, "name": "WARBLS", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358867/items/VFIJXK22", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls/items/VFIJXK22", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358867/items/KWNA9A8R", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 113080, "username": "asm.map", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/asm.map", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "VFIJXK22", "version": 2, "parentItem": "KWNA9A8R", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Amazon.com Link", "accessDate": "2015-06-18T20:49:43Z", "url": "http://www.amazon.com/Worlds-Arthur-Facts-Fictions-Dark/dp/019965817X", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-06-18T20:49:43Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-18T20:49:43Z" } }, { "key": "KWNA9A8R", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 358867, "name": "WARBLS", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358867/items/KWNA9A8R", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls/items/KWNA9A8R", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 113080, "username": "asm.map", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/asm.map", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Halsall", "parsedDate": "2013-03-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "KWNA9A8R", "version": 2, "itemType": "book", "title": "Worlds of Arthur: Facts and Fictions of the Dark Ages", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Guy", "lastName": "Halsall" } ], "abstractNote": "King Arthur is probably the most famous and certainly the most legendary medieval king. From the early ninth century through the middle ages, to the Arthurian romances of Victorian times, the tales of this legendary figure have blossomed and multiplied. And in more recent times, there has been a continuous stream of books claiming to unlock the secret or the truth behind the \"once and future king.\"The truth, as Guy Halsall reveals in this fascinating investigation, is both radically different--and also a good deal more intriguing. Broadly speaking, there are two Arthurs. On the one hand is the traditional \"historical\" Arthur, waging a doomed struggle to save Roman civilization against the relentless Anglo-Saxon tide during the darkest years of the Dark Ages. On the other is the Arthur of myth and legend, accompanied by a host of equally legendary people, places, and stories: Lancelot, Guinevere, Galahad and Gawain, Merlin, Excalibur, the Lady in the Lake, the Sword in the Stone, Camelot, and the Round Table. The big problem with all this, notes Halsall, is that \"King Arthur\" might well never have existed. And if he did exist, it is next to impossible to say anything at all about him. As this challenging new look at the Arthur legend makes clear, all books claiming to reveal \"the truth\" behind King Arthur can safely be ignored. Not only the fanciful pseudo-historical accounts--Merlin the Magician, the Lady in the Lake--but even the \"historical\" Arthur is largely a figment of the imagination. The evidence that we have, whether written or archeological, is simply incapable of telling us anything detailed about the Britain in which he is supposed to have lived, fought, and died.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "1 edition", "date": "March 1, 2013", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "place": "Oxford", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "384", "ISBN": "9780199658176", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Worlds of Arthur", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "Amazon", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-06-18T20:49:43Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-18T20:49:43Z" } }, { "key": "89N8R8C6", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 358867, "name": "WARBLS", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358867/items/89N8R8C6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls/items/89N8R8C6", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358867/items/43ZE6SUI", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 113080, "username": "asm.map", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/asm.map", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "89N8R8C6", "version": 2, "parentItem": "43ZE6SUI", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Amazon.com Link", "accessDate": "2015-06-18T20:48:41Z", "url": "http://www.amazon.com/dp/1107026210/ref=cm_sw_su_dp", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-06-18T20:48:41Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-18T20:48:41Z" } }, { "key": "43ZE6SUI", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 358867, "name": "WARBLS", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358867/items/43ZE6SUI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls/items/43ZE6SUI", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 113080, "username": "asm.map", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/asm.map", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Smelik", "parsedDate": "2013-12-09", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "43ZE6SUI", "version": 2, "itemType": "book", "title": "Rabbis, Language and Translation in Late Antiquity", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dr Willem F.", "lastName": "Smelik" } ], "abstractNote": "Exposed to multiple languages as a result of annexation, migration, pilgrimage and its position on key trade routes, the Roman Palestine of Late Antiquity was a border area where Aramaic, Greek, Hebrew and Arabic dialects were all in common use. This study analyses the way scriptural translation was perceived and practised by the rabbinic movement in this multilingual world. Drawing on a wide range of classical rabbinic sources, including unused manuscript materials, Willem F. Smelik traces developments in rabbinic thought and argues that foreign languages were deemed highly valuable for the lexical and semantic light they shed on the meanings of lexemes in the holy tongue. Key themes, such as the reception of translations of the Hebrew Scriptures, multilingualism in society, and rabbinic rules for translation, are discussed at length. This book will be invaluable for students of ancient Judaism, rabbinic studies, Old Testament studies, early Christianity and translation studies.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "1 edition", "date": "December 9, 2013", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "place": "Cambridge", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "591", "ISBN": "9781107026216", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "Amazon", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-06-18T20:48:41Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-18T20:48:41Z" } }, { "key": "QESNVJVM", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 358867, "name": "WARBLS", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358867/items/QESNVJVM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls/items/QESNVJVM", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358867/items/N85NP9PE", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 113080, "username": "asm.map", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/asm.map", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "QESNVJVM", "version": 2, "parentItem": "N85NP9PE", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Amazon.com Link", "accessDate": "2015-06-18T20:48:06Z", "url": "http://www.amazon.co.uk/Crucifixion-Death-Spectacle-Umayyad-Antique/dp/0940490374", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-06-18T20:48:06Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-18T20:48:06Z" } }, { "key": "N85NP9PE", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 358867, "name": "WARBLS", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358867/items/N85NP9PE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls/items/N85NP9PE", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 113080, "username": "asm.map", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/asm.map", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Anthony", "parsedDate": "2014", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "N85NP9PE", "version": 2, "itemType": "book", "title": "Crucifixion and Death as Spectacle: Umayyad Crucifixion in Its Late Antique Context", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sean W.", "lastName": "Anthony" } ], "abstractNote": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2014", "publisher": "American Oriental Society", "place": "New Haven, Connecticut", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "99", "ISBN": "9780940490376", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Crucifixion and Death as Spectacle", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Amazon", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-06-18T20:48:06Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-18T20:48:06Z" } }, { "key": "E9P96WAS", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 358867, "name": "WARBLS", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358867/items/E9P96WAS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls/items/E9P96WAS", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 113080, "username": "asm.map", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/asm.map", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Shepardson", "parsedDate": "2014-04-12", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "E9P96WAS", "version": 2, "itemType": "book", "title": "Controlling Contested Places: Late Antique Antioch and the Spatial Politics of Religious Controversy", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christine", "lastName": "Shepardson" } ], "abstractNote": "From constructing new buildings to describing rival-controlled areas as morally and physically dangerous, leaders in late antiquity fundamentally shaped their physical environment and thus the events that unfolded within it. Controlling Contested Places maps the city of Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) through the topographically sensitive vocabulary of cultural geography, demonstrating the critical role played by physical and rhetorical spatial contests during the tumultuous fourth century. Paying close attention to the manipulation of physical places, Christine Shepardson exposes some of the powerful forces that structured the development of religious orthodoxy and orthopraxy in the late Roman Empire. Theological claims and political support were not the only significant factors in determining which Christian communities gained authority around the Empire. Rather, Antioch’s urban and rural places, far from being an inert backdrop against which events transpired, were ever-shifting sites of, and tools for, the negotiation of power, authority, and religious identity. This book traces the ways in which leaders like John Chrysostom, Theodoret, and Libanius encouraged their audiences to modify their daily behaviors and transform their interpretation of the world (and landscape) around them. Shepardson argues that examples from Antioch were echoed around the Mediterranean world, and similar types of physical and rhetorical manipulations continue to shape the politics of identity and perceptions of religious orthodoxy to this day.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "1st ed edition", "date": "April 12, 2014", "publisher": "University of California Press", "place": "Berkeley", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "312", "ISBN": "9780520280359", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Controlling Contested Places", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "Amazon", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-06-18T20:47:16Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-18T20:47:16Z" } }, { "key": "IGBIHDND", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 358867, "name": "WARBLS", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358867/items/IGBIHDND", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls/items/IGBIHDND", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358867/items/E9P96WAS", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 113080, "username": "asm.map", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/asm.map", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "IGBIHDND", "version": 2, "parentItem": "E9P96WAS", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Amazon.com Link", "accessDate": "2015-06-18T20:47:16Z", "url": "http://www.amazon.com/Controlling-Contested-Places-Religious-Controversy/dp/0520280350", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-06-18T20:47:16Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-18T20:47:16Z" } }, { "key": "FMIMEUUW", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 358867, "name": "WARBLS", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358867/items/FMIMEUUW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls/items/FMIMEUUW", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358867/items/HAUNGFQ6", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 113080, "username": "asm.map", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/asm.map", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "FMIMEUUW", "version": 2, "parentItem": "HAUNGFQ6", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Amazon.com Link", "accessDate": "2015-06-18T20:46:46Z", "url": "http://www.amazon.com/dp/0674725204/ref=cm_sw_su_dp", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-06-18T20:46:46Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-18T20:46:46Z" } }, { "key": "HAUNGFQ6", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 358867, "name": "WARBLS", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358867/items/HAUNGFQ6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/warbls/items/HAUNGFQ6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 113080, "username": "asm.map", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/asm.map", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Jones", "parsedDate": "2014-03-31", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "HAUNGFQ6", "version": 2, "itemType": "book", "title": "Between Pagan and Christian", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christopher P.", "lastName": "Jones" } ], "abstractNote": "For the early Christians, \"pagan\" referred to a multitude of unbelievers: Greek and Roman devotees of the Olympian gods, and \"barbarians\" such as Arabs and Germans with their own array of deities. But while these groups were clearly outsiders or idolaters, who and what was pagan depended on the outlook of the observer, as Christopher Jones shows in this fresh and penetrating analysis. Treating paganism as a historical construct rather than a fixed entity, Between Pagan and Christian uncovers the ideas, rituals, and beliefs that Christians and pagans shared in Late Antiquity. While the emperor Constantine's conversion in 312 was a momentous event in the history of Christianity, the new religion had been gradually forming in the Roman Empire for centuries, as it moved away from its Jewish origins and adapted to the dominant pagan culture. Early Christians drew on pagan practices and claimed important pagans as their harbingers--asserting that Plato, Virgil, and others had glimpsed Christian truths. At the same time, Greeks and Romans had encountered in Judaism observances and beliefs shared by Christians such as the Sabbath and the idea of a single, creator God. Polytheism was the most obvious feature separating paganism and Christianity, but pagans could be monotheists, and Christians could be accused of polytheism and branded as pagans. 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