[ { "key": "9GIQF4QV", "version": 121, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 358284, "name": "Manual 2015", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/manual_2015", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358284/items/9GIQF4QV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/manual_2015/items/9GIQF4QV", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2472918, "username": "tlorts", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tlorts", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Pearlman et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-10", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "9GIQF4QV", "version": 121, "itemType": "presentation", "title": "Measuring Ethics Consultation Quality", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "presenter", "firstName": "Robert A", "lastName": "Pearlman" }, { "creatorType": "presenter", "firstName": "Ellen", "lastName": "Fox" }, { "creatorType": "presenter", "firstName": "Kenneth A", "lastName": "Berkowitz" }, { "creatorType": "presenter", "firstName": "Marion", "lastName": "Danis" } ], "abstractNote": "", "presentationType": "", "date": "October 2014", "meetingName": "ASBH 16th Annual Meeting", "place": "San Diego, CA", "series": "", "sessionTitle": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.asbh.org/uploads/files/meetings/annual/pdfs/2014_conf_broch.pdf", "accessDate": "2015-06-09", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "M9T5K8K9" ], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/358278/items/MHQ8G9M5" }, "dateAdded": "2015-06-19T21:37:18Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-19T21:37:18Z" } }, { "key": "MBFMDK72", "version": 117, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 358284, "name": "Manual 2015", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/manual_2015", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358284/items/MBFMDK72", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/manual_2015/items/MBFMDK72", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358284/items/R5AU5DZM", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2472918, "username": "tlorts", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tlorts", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "MBFMDK72", "version": 117, "parentItem": "R5AU5DZM", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2015-06-09T17:32:01Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12377674", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/358278/items/SBZHKQ6D" }, "dateAdded": "2015-06-19T21:33:27Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-19T21:33:27Z" } }, { "key": "R5AU5DZM", "version": 117, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 358284, "name": "Manual 2015", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/manual_2015", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358284/items/R5AU5DZM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/manual_2015/items/R5AU5DZM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2472918, "username": "tlorts", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tlorts", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Orlander et al.", "parsedDate": "2002-10", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "R5AU5DZM", "version": 117, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The morbidity and mortality conference: the delicate nature of learning from error", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jay D.", "lastName": "Orlander" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Thomas W.", "lastName": "Barber" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B. Graeme", "lastName": "Fincke" } ], "abstractNote": "The morbidity and mortality conference (M&MC) appears to have sprung from the efforts of physicians to improve practice through the examination of medical errors and bad outcomes. The modern M&MC has had limited examination (and almost none outside surgery and anesthesia), but may be straying from the precepts from which it evolved. Learning from one's errors is important, but confronting them is difficult and is particularly delicate when done in conference. If the effort is successful, it can serve as a model. If unsuccessful, it can instead convey the lesson that attempting to learn from error is at best unproductive and at worst unpleasant. Thus, the M&MC is a double-edged sword, and particular attention should be given to the way that it is conducted. The authors review the historical roots and current literature on the M&MC, discusses relevant literature on medical error, and offers a definition, guiding principles, and a set of guidelines for a modern internal medicine M&MC. The ideas are presented not as a blueprint, but rather to stimulate a debate on the merits of establishing a framework for a working model, in order to refocus on the tradition of self-analysis and critical thinking in a manner that is productive for all participants.", "publicationTitle": "Academic Medicine: Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Oct 2002", "volume": "77", "issue": "10", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1001-1006", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Acad Med", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1040-2446", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The morbidity and mortality conference", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 12377674", "tags": [ { "tag": "Group Processes", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Internal Medicine", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Medical Errors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Medical Staff, Hospital", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Peer Review", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "DKPVT4AK" ], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/358278/items/XM4CS9AH" }, "dateAdded": "2015-06-19T21:33:27Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-19T21:33:27Z" } }, { "key": "BK27U5VA", "version": 116, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 358284, "name": "Manual 2015", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/manual_2015", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358284/items/BK27U5VA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/manual_2015/items/BK27U5VA", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358284/items/9DUDTJ7G", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2472918, "username": "tlorts", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tlorts", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "BK27U5VA", "version": 116, "parentItem": "9DUDTJ7G", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2015-06-09T17:31:12Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17198294", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/358278/items/I6BS3Z84" }, "dateAdded": "2015-06-19T21:33:04Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-19T21:33:04Z" } }, { "key": "9DUDTJ7G", "version": 116, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 358284, "name": "Manual 2015", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/manual_2015", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358284/items/9DUDTJ7G", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/manual_2015/items/9DUDTJ7G", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2472918, "username": "tlorts", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tlorts", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Srinivasan et al.", "parsedDate": "2007-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "9DUDTJ7G", "version": 116, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Comparing problem-based learning with case-based learning: effects of a major curricular shift at two institutions", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Malathi", "lastName": "Srinivasan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael", "lastName": "Wilkes" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Frazier", "lastName": "Stevenson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Thuan", "lastName": "Nguyen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stuart", "lastName": "Slavin" } ], "abstractNote": "PURPOSE: Problem-based learning (PBL) is now used at many medical schools to promote lifelong learning, open inquiry, teamwork, and critical thinking. PBL has not been compared with other forms of discussion-based small-group learning. Case-based learning (CBL) uses a guided inquiry method and provides more structure during small-group sessions. In this study, we compared faculty and medical students' perceptions of traditional PBL with CBL after a curricular shift at two institutions.\nMETHOD: Over periods of three years, the medical schools at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and the University of California, Davis (UCD) changed first-, second-, and third-year Doctoring courses from PBL to CBL formats. Ten months after the shift (2001 at UCLA and 2004 at UCD), students and faculty who had participated in both curricula completed a 24-item questionnaire about their PBL and CBL perceptions and the perceived advantages of each format\nRESULTS: A total of 286 students (86%-97%) and 31 faculty (92%-100%) completed questionnaires. CBL was preferred by students (255; 89%) and faculty (26; 84%) across schools and learner levels. The few students preferring PBL (11%) felt it encouraged self-directed learning (26%) and valued its greater opportunities for participation (32%). From logistic regression, students preferred CBL because of fewer unfocused tangents (59%, odds ration [OR] 4.10, P = .01), less busy-work (80%, OR 3.97, P = .01), and more opportunities for clinical skills application (52%, OR 25.6, P = .002).\nCONCLUSIONS: Learners and faculty at two major academic medical centers overwhelmingly preferred CBL (guided inquiry) over PBL (open inquiry). Given the dense medical curriculum and need for efficient use of student and faculty time, CBL offers an alternative model to traditional PBL small-group teaching. This study could not assess which method produces better practicing physicians.", "publicationTitle": "Academic Medicine: Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Jan 2007", "volume": "82", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "74-82", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Acad Med", "DOI": "10.1097/01.ACM.0000249963.93776.aa", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1040-2446", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Comparing problem-based learning with case-based learning", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 17198294", "tags": [ { "tag": "Academic Medical Centers", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "California", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Choice Behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Curriculum", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Education, Medical, Undergraduate", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Faculty, Medical", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Logistic Models", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Problem-Based Learning", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Questionnaires", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Students, Medical", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "DKPVT4AK" ], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/358278/items/BEB7QTUW" }, "dateAdded": "2015-06-19T21:33:04Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-19T21:33:04Z" } }, { "key": "BBR6EF2T", "version": 115, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 358284, "name": "Manual 2015", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/manual_2015", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358284/items/BBR6EF2T", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/manual_2015/items/BBR6EF2T", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2472918, "username": "tlorts", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tlorts", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Williams", "parsedDate": "2005-08", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "BBR6EF2T", "version": 115, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Case based learning--a review of the literature: is there scope for this educational paradigm in prehospital education?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B.", "lastName": "Williams" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper discusses the findings of a literature review of case based learning (CBL) from a multidisciplinary health science education perspective and attempts to draw comparisons with the available literature relating to prehospital education and CBL.CBL is an exciting educational prospect in which to develop research capacity, strategies, and opportunities. This paper provides an examination of the literature exploring the major consistencies and inconsistencies, and reveals areas of potential future research for prehospital education institutions.", "publicationTitle": "Emergency medicine journal: EMJ", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Aug 2005", "volume": "22", "issue": "8", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "577-581", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Emerg Med J", "DOI": "10.1136/emj.2004.022707", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1472-0213", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Case based learning--a review of the literature", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 16046764\nPMCID: PMC1726887", "tags": [ { "tag": "Consumer Behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Curriculum", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Emergency Medical Services", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Emergency Medical Technicians", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Emergency Medicine", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Motivation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Problem-Based Learning", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Students", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "DKPVT4AK" ], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/358278/items/URFUD575" }, "dateAdded": "2015-06-19T21:32:24Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-19T21:32:24Z" } }, { "key": "2JWE7DSR", "version": 115, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 358284, "name": "Manual 2015", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/manual_2015", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358284/items/2JWE7DSR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/manual_2015/items/2JWE7DSR", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358284/items/BBR6EF2T", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2472918, "username": "tlorts", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tlorts", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "2JWE7DSR", "version": 115, "parentItem": "BBR6EF2T", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2015-06-09T17:30:23Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16046764", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/358278/items/EP4A5R3W" }, "dateAdded": "2015-06-19T21:32:24Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-19T21:32:24Z" } }, { "key": "6VFZA4H8", "version": 114, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 358284, "name": "Manual 2015", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/manual_2015", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358284/items/6VFZA4H8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/manual_2015/items/6VFZA4H8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2472918, "username": "tlorts", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tlorts", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Thistlethwaite et al.", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "6VFZA4H8", "version": 114, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The effectiveness of case-based learning in health professional education. A BEME systematic review: BEME Guide No. 23", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jill Elizabeth", "lastName": "Thistlethwaite" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David", "lastName": "Davies" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Samilia", "lastName": "Ekeocha" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jane M.", "lastName": "Kidd" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Colin", "lastName": "MacDougall" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Paul", "lastName": "Matthews" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Judith", "lastName": "Purkis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Diane", "lastName": "Clay" } ], "abstractNote": "BACKGROUND: Case-based learning (CBL) is a long established pedagogical method, which is defined in a number of ways depending on the discipline and type of 'case' employed. In health professional education, learning activities are commonly based on patient cases. Basic, social and clinical sciences are studied in relation to the case, are integrated with clinical presentations and conditions (including health and ill-health) and student learning is, therefore, associated with real-life situations. Although many claims are made for CBL as an effective learning and teaching method, very little evidence is quoted or generated to support these claims. We frame this review from the perspective of CBL as a type of inquiry-based learning.\nAIM: To explore, analyse and synthesise the evidence relating to the effectiveness of CBL as a means of achieving defined learning outcomes in health professional prequalification training programmes.\nMETHOD: SELECTION CRITERIA: We focused the review on CBL for prequalification health professional programmes including medicine, dentistry, veterinary science, nursing and midwifery, social care and the allied health professions (physiotherapy, occupational therapy, etc.). Papers were required to have outcome data on effectiveness.\nSEARCH STRATEGIES: The search covered the period from 1965 to week 4 September 2010 and the following databases: ASSIA, CINAHL, EMBASE, Education Research, Medline and Web of Knowledge (WoK). Two members of the topic review group (TRG) independently reviewed the 173 abstracts retrieved from Medline and compared findings. As there was good agreement on inclusion, one went onto review the WoK and ASSIA EndNote databases and the other the Embase, CINAHL and Education Research databases to decide on papers to submit for coding. Coding and data analysis: The TRG modified the standard best evidence medical education coding sheet to fit our research questions and assessed each paper for quality. After a preliminary reliability exercise, each full paper was read and graded by one reviewer with the papers scoring 3-5 (of 5) for strength of findings being read by a second reviewer. A summary of each completed coding form was entered into an Excel spread sheet. The type of data in the papers was not amenable to traditional meta-analysis because of the variability in interventions, information given, student numbers (and lack of) and timings. We, therefore, adopted a narrative synthesis method to compare, contrast, synthesise and interpret the data, working within a framework of inquiry-based learning.\nRESULTS: The final number of coded papers for inclusion was 104. The TRG agreed that 23 papers would be classified as of higher quality and significance (22%). There was a wide diversity in the type, timing, number and length of exposure to cases and how cases were defined. Medicine was the most commonly included profession. Numbers of students taking part in CBL varied from below 50 to over 1000. The shortest interventions were two hours, and one case, whereas the longest was CBL through a whole year. Group sizes ranged from students working alone to over 30, with the majority between 2 and 15 students per group. The majority of studies involved single cohorts of students (61%), with 29% comparing multiple groups, 8% involving different year groups and 2% with historical controls. The outcomes evaluation was either carried out postintervention only (78 papers; 75%), preintervention and postintervention (23 papers; 22%) or during and postintervention (3 papers; <3%). Our analysis provided the basis for discussion of definitions of CBL, methods used and advocated, topics and learning outcomes and whether CBL is effective based on the evaluation data.\nCONCLUSION: Overwhelmingly, students enjoy CBL and think that it enhances their learning. The empirical data taken as a whole are inconclusive as to the effects on learning compared with other types of activity. Teachers enjoy CBL, partly because it engages, and is perceived to motivate, students. CBL seems to foster learning in small groups though whether this is the case delivery or the group learning effect is unclear.", "publicationTitle": "Medical Teacher", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012", "volume": "34", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "e421-444", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Med Teach", "DOI": "10.3109/0142159X.2012.680939", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1466-187X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The effectiveness of case-based learning in health professional education. A BEME systematic review", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 22578051", "tags": [ { "tag": "Attitude of Health Personnel", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Clinical Competence", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Consumer Behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Education, Professional", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Faculty", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Health Personnel", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Inservice Training", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Learning", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Problem-Based Learning", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "DKPVT4AK" ], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/358278/items/UIZZBQB6" }, "dateAdded": "2015-06-19T21:31:58Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-19T21:31:58Z" } }, { "key": "9SJUMFDK", "version": 114, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 358284, "name": "Manual 2015", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/manual_2015", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358284/items/9SJUMFDK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/manual_2015/items/9SJUMFDK", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358284/items/6VFZA4H8", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2472918, "username": "tlorts", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tlorts", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "9SJUMFDK", "version": 114, "parentItem": "6VFZA4H8", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2015-06-09T17:29:08Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22578051", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/358278/items/7F56HNTX" }, "dateAdded": "2015-06-19T21:31:58Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-19T21:31:58Z" } }, { "key": "4I3RVTGD", "version": 113, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 358284, "name": "Manual 2015", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/manual_2015", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358284/items/4I3RVTGD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/manual_2015/items/4I3RVTGD", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358284/items/7EV4FRI8", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2472918, "username": "tlorts", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tlorts", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "4I3RVTGD", "version": 113, "parentItem": "7EV4FRI8", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2015-06-09T17:28:00Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22208834", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/358278/items/MEJ8ME3E" }, "dateAdded": "2015-06-19T21:31:12Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-19T21:31:12Z" } }, { "key": "7EV4FRI8", "version": 113, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 358284, "name": "Manual 2015", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/manual_2015", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358284/items/7EV4FRI8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/manual_2015/items/7EV4FRI8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2472918, "username": "tlorts", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tlorts", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Falcone and Watson", "parsedDate": "2012-02", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "7EV4FRI8", "version": 113, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Surgical Morbidity and Mortality Conference using teleconferencing allows for increased faculty participation and moderation from satellite campuses and saves costs", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John L.", "lastName": "Falcone" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Andrew R.", "lastName": "Watson" } ], "abstractNote": "INTRODUCTION: Surgical faculty participation in Morbidity and Mortality Conference (MMC) satisfies criteria for Continuing Medical Education (CME) credit. We hypothesize that using teleconferencing between the main campus to 2 satellite campuses will quantitatively increase faculty attendance and participation as a moderator at surgical MMC. We also want to perform a cost-benefit analysis of teleconferencing.\nMETHODS: In this retrospective descriptive study, faculty attendance at MMC at the main campus and 2 satellite campuses was observed from January 1, 2010 through December 31, 2010. Groups were compared with nonparametric statistics, using an α = 0.05. We performed an annual cost-benefit analysis of teleconferencing with consultation of an economist/financial advisor. The explicit and implicit costs of teleconferencing were compared with the opportunity cost-benefit of travel prevention.\nRESULTS: In 2010, there were 45 MMC activities. A total of 236 Continuing Medical Education credit hours were reported, with 186 credit hours at the main campus and 68 credit hours at the satellite campuses. A Mann-Whitney U test showed an increase in the median total attendance (5 per conference) with the addition of the satellite campus attendance (2 per conference) (p < 0.001). There were no differences between the number of moderators at the main campus and the satellite campuses (p > 0.99). Cost benefits per faculty member was $96.70 per conference at 1 satellite campus and $193.60 per conference at the second satellite campus. A total of 73.1 hours of travel time was prevented, with a total annual net benefit of $7624.\nCONCLUSIONS: Teleconferencing allows for increased faculty attendance at MMC and allows for faculty to stay at their respective hospitals for patient care. Teleconferencing also results in significant cost savings. We recommend that institutions with similar resources consider teleconferencing as a way to increase faculty member attendance at surgical MMC and to save hospital costs.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Surgical Education", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012 Jan-Feb", "volume": "69", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "58-62", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Surg Educ", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jsurg.2011.06.006", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1878-7452", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 22208834", "tags": [ { "tag": "Congresses as Topic", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cost Savings", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Education, Medical, Continuing", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Faculty, Medical", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "General Surgery", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Morbidity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Mortality", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Retrospective Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Telecommunications", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "DKPVT4AK" ], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/358278/items/INSNEWEB" }, "dateAdded": "2015-06-19T21:31:12Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-19T21:31:12Z" } }, { "key": "ETWAN49Q", "version": 112, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 358284, "name": "Manual 2015", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/manual_2015", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358284/items/ETWAN49Q", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/manual_2015/items/ETWAN49Q", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358284/items/NVECTIUZ", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2472918, "username": "tlorts", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tlorts", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "ETWAN49Q", "version": 112, "parentItem": "NVECTIUZ", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2015-06-09T17:26:42Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2309810", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/358278/items/GT6JG9GW" }, "dateAdded": "2015-06-19T21:29:05Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-19T21:29:05Z" } }, { "key": "NVECTIUZ", "version": 112, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 358284, "name": "Manual 2015", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/manual_2015", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358284/items/NVECTIUZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/manual_2015/items/NVECTIUZ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2472918, "username": "tlorts", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tlorts", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Chervenak and McCullough", "parsedDate": "1990-02", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "NVECTIUZ", "version": 112, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Clinical guides to preventing ethical conflicts between pregnant women and their physicians", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "F. A.", "lastName": "Chervenak" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L. B.", "lastName": "McCullough" } ], "abstractNote": "We provide a justification for preventive ethics in obstetric practice. Four clinical guides to resolving ethical conflicts between pregnant women and their physicians can be identified: (1) informed consent as an ongoing dialogue between the pregnant woman and her physician, (2) negotiation as a clinical strategy, (3) respectful persuasion as a clinical strategy, and (4) the proper use of ethics committees.", "publicationTitle": "American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Feb 1990", "volume": "162", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "303-307", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0002-9378", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 2309810", "tags": [ { "tag": "Beneficence", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Comprehension", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Disclosure", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Ethics Committees, Clinical", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Ethics, Medical", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Female", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Humans", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Informed Consent", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Judicial Role", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Moral Obligations", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Personal Autonomy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Physician-Patient Relations", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Pregnancy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Pregnant Women", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Risk Assessment", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Social Values", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Truth Disclosure", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Uncertainty", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "A7RTBFS4" ], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/358278/items/NRPFHE5H" }, "dateAdded": "2015-06-19T21:29:05Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-19T21:29:05Z" } }, { "key": "XX2GVKI6", "version": 111, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 358284, "name": "Manual 2015", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/manual_2015", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358284/items/XX2GVKI6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/manual_2015/items/XX2GVKI6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2472918, "username": "tlorts", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tlorts", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hamel et al.", "parsedDate": "2013-10-09", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "XX2GVKI6", "version": 111, "itemType": "report", "title": "Striving for Excellence in Ethics: Putting It into Practice", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ron", "lastName": "Hamel" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John Paul", "lastName": "Slosar" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mark", "lastName": "Repenshek" } ], "abstractNote": "", "reportNumber": "Second Edition", "reportType": "", "institution": "Catholic Health Association of the United States", "place": "", "date": "October 9, 2013", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "1-31", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.che.org/members/ethics/docs/2952/Ethics%20Champions10092013%20.pdf", "accessDate": "2014-04-23", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "A7RTBFS4" ], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/358278/items/CE3AN5JU" }, "dateAdded": "2015-06-19T21:28:47Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-19T21:28:47Z" } }, { "key": "6B57PFRE", "version": 109, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 358284, "name": "Manual 2015", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/manual_2015", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358284/items/6B57PFRE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/manual_2015/items/6B57PFRE", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2472918, "username": "tlorts", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tlorts", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bottrell et al.", "parsedDate": "2013", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "6B57PFRE", "version": 109, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The IntegratedEthics Facility Workbook: An Evaluation Tool to Support Health Care Ethics Program Implementation and Quality Management", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Melissa M.", "lastName": "Bottrell" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert A.", "lastName": "Pearlman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mary Beth", "lastName": "Foglia" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ellen", "lastName": "Fox" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "AJOB Primary Research", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "01/2013", "volume": "4", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "59-70", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1080/21507716.2012.751465", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21507716.2012.751465", "accessDate": "2014-08-27T20:01:50Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "2150-7716, 2150-7724", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The IntegratedEthics TM Facility Workbook", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "A7RTBFS4" 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"alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tlorts", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "A6NB9SXG", "version": 104, "parentItem": "UWK6HZZ4", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2013-06-21T16:18:19Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16131551", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/358278/items/AQ5SKMZS" }, "dateAdded": "2015-06-19T21:22:29Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-19T21:22:29Z" } }, { "key": "UWK6HZZ4", "version": 104, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 358284, "name": "Manual 2015", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/manual_2015", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/358284/items/UWK6HZZ4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/manual_2015/items/UWK6HZZ4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2472918, "username": "tlorts", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tlorts", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Godkin et al.", "parsedDate": "2005-09", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "UWK6HZZ4", "version": 104, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Project examining effectiveness in clinical ethics (PEECE): phase 1-- descriptive analysis of nine clinical ethics services", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M D", "lastName": "Godkin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K", "lastName": "Faith" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R E G", "lastName": "Upshur" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S K", "lastName": "Macrae" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C S", "lastName": "Tracy" }, { "creatorType": "author", "name": "PEECE Group" } ], "abstractNote": "OBJECTIVE: The field of clinical ethics is relatively new and expanding. Best practices in clinical ethics against which one can benchmark performance have not been clearly articulated. The first step in developing benchmarks of clinical ethics services is to identify and understand current practices.\nDESIGN AND SETTING: Using a retrospective case study approach, the structure, activities, and resources of nine clinical ethics services in a large metropolitan centre are described, compared, and contrasted.\nRESULTS: The data yielded a unique and detailed account of the nature and scope of clinical ethics services across a spectrum of facilities. General themes emerged in four areas-variability, visibility, accountability, and complexity. There was a high degree of variability in the structures, activities, and resources across the clinical ethics services. Increasing visibility was identified as a significant challenge within organisations and externally. Although each service had a formal system for maintaining accountability and measuring performance, differences in the type, frequency, and content of reporting impacted service delivery. One of the most salient findings was the complexity inherent in the provision of clinical ethics services, which requires of clinical ethicists a broad and varied skill set and knowledge base. Benchmarks including the average number of consults/ethicist per year and the hospital beds/ethicist ratio are presented.\nCONCLUSION: The findings will be of interest to clinical ethicists locally, nationally, and internationally as they provide a preliminary framework from which further benchmarking measures and best practices in clinical ethics can be identified, developed, and evaluated.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of medical ethics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Sep 2005", "volume": "31", "issue": "9", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "505-512", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Med Ethics", "DOI": "10.1136/jme.2004.010595", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0306-6800", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Project examining effectiveness in clinical ethics (PEECE)", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", 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