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            "abstractNote": "After-school programs are becoming an important developmental support for low and moderate-income children. This book describes the historical development, current status, and critical issues facing these programs. Divided into historical eras for easy reference, the text examines: - The evolution of after-school programs and their role in the lives of children, providing a framework for reflecting on broader, contemporary issues such as the effects of poverty on children in the United States.- The rationales for and objectives of these programs and how both were shaped by prevailing societal ideas about children.- Patterns of sponsorship and staffing, describing daily routines and exploring the nature of children's experiences in different kinds of programs.- The relationship between after-school programs and schools, analyzing how these programs have responded to the dilemma of balancing children's needs for guidance and supervision with their equally important need for spontaneity and self-expression.- Current directions and expectations for the future of after-school programs.",
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            "abstractNote": "-*+Ellen Ruppel Shell argues that children's imaginations are more important than play equipment, and covers design trends such as the reintroducing of nature into play spaces. From Smithsonian Magazine",
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            "title": "Managing Risk in Play Provision: Implementation guide",
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            "abstractNote": "Recent theoretical developments in sociology, anthropology, and psychology have led to the development of an interpretive approach to childhood socialization. From the interpretive perspective, socialization is viewed as a reproductive rather than a linear process. The process is reproductive in the sense that children do not merely indi vidually internalize the external adult culture. Rather children become a part of adult culture, that is, contribute to its reproduction, through their negotiations with adults and their creative production of a series of peer cultures with other children. In this paper I analyze an everyday activity in the peer culture of young children, their pro duction of dramatic role play. The comparative micro-analysis of the role play of white middle-class and black lower-class children captures how the children's produc tion and sharing of important elements of their peer cultures contribute to the repro duction of basic features of the American class structure.",
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