[ { "key": "WPGJ77JT", "version": 9410, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350648, "name": "Hacherl Research and Writing Studio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/WPGJ77JT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio/items/WPGJ77JT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 66073, "username": "gossett", "name": "Gabe Gossett", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/gossett", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Watson and Ralnie", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "WPGJ77JT", "version": 9410, "itemType": "report", "title": "The AI Challenge: How College Faculty Assess the Present and Future of Higher Education in the Age of AI", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C. Edward", "lastName": "Watson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lee", "lastName": "Ralnie" } ], "abstractNote": "", "reportNumber": "", "reportType": "", "institution": "American Association of College & Universities and Elon University", "place": "", "date": "n.d.", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://dgmg81phhvh63.cloudfront.net/content/user-photos/Research/PDFs/AI_Challenge.pdf", "accessDate": "2026-04-03T21:30:04Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "PI6W7MD5" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-04-03T21:30:18Z", "dateModified": "2026-04-14T20:24:47Z" } }, { "key": "N4HQCCSP", "version": 9400, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350648, "name": "Hacherl Research and Writing Studio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/N4HQCCSP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio/items/N4HQCCSP", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/WPGJ77JT", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 66073, "username": "gossett", "name": "Gabe Gossett", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/gossett", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "N4HQCCSP", "version": 9400, "parentItem": "WPGJ77JT", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "PDF", "accessDate": "2026-04-03T21:30:04Z", "url": "https://dgmg81phhvh63.cloudfront.net/content/user-photos/Research/PDFs/AI_Challenge.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "AI_Challenge.pdf", "md5": "b0f8eb6ed2b4bcc0c0be0b2a8d5d14df", "mtime": 1775251804955, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-04-03T21:30:04Z", "dateModified": "2026-04-03T21:30:18Z" } }, { "key": "L8K65BRG", "version": 9395, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350648, "name": "Hacherl Research and Writing Studio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/L8K65BRG", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio/items/L8K65BRG", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/5STSU8PV", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 66073, "username": "gossett", "name": "Gabe Gossett", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/gossett", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "L8K65BRG", "version": 9395, "parentItem": "5STSU8PV", "itemType": "annotation", "annotationType": "highlight", "annotationText": "Two additional concerns round out the picture. About eight in 10 faculty worry about AI negatively affecting human creativity, with about eight in 10 students and nearly eight in 10 staff expressing the same concern.", "annotationComment": "", "annotationColor": "#ffd400", "annotationPageLabel": "21", "annotationSortIndex": "00020|000821|00264", "annotationPosition": "{\"pageIndex\":20,\"rects\":[[319.5,531.606,560.327,541.576],[319.5,517.606,560.347,527.576],[319.5,503.606,557.489,513.576],[319.5,489.606,558.946,499.576]]}", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-04-03T21:22:30Z", "dateModified": "2026-04-03T21:22:30Z" } }, { "key": "EHEK8H5G", "version": 9394, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350648, "name": "Hacherl Research and Writing Studio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/EHEK8H5G", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio/items/EHEK8H5G", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/5STSU8PV", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 66073, "username": "gossett", "name": "Gabe Gossett", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/gossett", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "EHEK8H5G", "version": 9394, "parentItem": "5STSU8PV", "itemType": "annotation", "annotationType": "highlight", "annotationText": "The strongest agreement in the entire survey centers on the risks of unregulated AI development. About 96% of faculty, 94% of staff and 90% of students agree that unregulated AI development may lead to unforeseen risks. These rates are among the highest in the entire survey.", "annotationComment": "", "annotationColor": "#ffd400", "annotationPageLabel": "21", "annotationSortIndex": "00020|000339|00376", "annotationPosition": "{\"pageIndex\":20,\"rects\":[[36,419.406,277.616,429.376],[36,405.406,286.307,415.376],[36,391.406,283.337,401.376],[36,377.406,273.487,387.376],[36,363.406,229.978,373.376],[36,349.406,113.678,359.376]]}", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-04-03T21:22:07Z", "dateModified": "2026-04-03T21:22:07Z" } }, { "key": "QTTATGCK", "version": 9393, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350648, "name": "Hacherl Research and Writing Studio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/QTTATGCK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio/items/QTTATGCK", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/5STSU8PV", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 66073, "username": "gossett", "name": "Gabe Gossett", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/gossett", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "QTTATGCK", "version": 9393, "parentItem": "5STSU8PV", "itemType": "annotation", "annotationType": "highlight", "annotationText": "More than nine in 10 faculty, about 89% of staff and 85% of students agree that AI algorithms should be more transparent.", "annotationComment": "", "annotationColor": "#ffd400", "annotationPageLabel": "21", "annotationSortIndex": "00020|001772|00036", "annotationPosition": "{\"pageIndex\":20,\"rects\":[[509.062,746.026,555.182,755.996],[36,732.026,539.021,741.996]]}", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-04-03T21:21:27Z", "dateModified": "2026-04-03T21:21:27Z" } }, { "key": "QR6YVM7N", "version": 9392, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350648, "name": "Hacherl Research and Writing Studio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/QR6YVM7N", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio/items/QR6YVM7N", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/5STSU8PV", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 66073, "username": "gossett", "name": "Gabe Gossett", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/gossett", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "QR6YVM7N", "version": 9392, "parentItem": "5STSU8PV", "itemType": "annotation", "annotationType": "highlight", "annotationText": "When asked whether AI has the potential to reduce human biases, the community is less certain. About 43% of students, 39% of staff and 29% of faculty agree. Faculty are the most skeptical on this point, with about seven in 10 disagreeing.", "annotationComment": "", "annotationColor": "#ffd400", "annotationPageLabel": "21", "annotationSortIndex": "00020|002373|00166", "annotationPosition": "{\"pageIndex\":20,\"rects\":[[36,630.026,536.382,639.996],[36,616.026,556.211,625.996],[36,602.026,91.819,611.996]]}", "tags": [ { "tag": "AI algorithmic bias" } ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-04-03T21:20:13Z", "dateModified": "2026-04-03T21:20:40Z" } }, { "key": "L6CM4JNM", "version": 9390, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350648, "name": "Hacherl Research and Writing Studio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/L6CM4JNM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio/items/L6CM4JNM", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/5STSU8PV", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 66073, "username": "gossett", "name": "Gabe Gossett", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/gossett", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "L6CM4JNM", "version": 9390, "parentItem": "5STSU8PV", "itemType": "annotation", "annotationType": "note", "annotationComment": "This evidence cannot back up the claim being made. Expecting accuracy and having trust do not necessarily correlate.", "annotationColor": "#ffd400", "annotationPageLabel": "20", "annotationSortIndex": "00019|000119|00056", "annotationPosition": "{\"pageIndex\":19,\"rects\":[[376.709,713.615,398.709,735.615]]}", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-04-03T21:18:20Z", "dateModified": "2026-04-03T21:19:01Z" } }, { "key": "BAGXPJ9I", "version": 9388, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350648, "name": "Hacherl Research and Writing Studio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/BAGXPJ9I", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio/items/BAGXPJ9I", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/5STSU8PV", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 66073, "username": "gossett", "name": "Gabe Gossett", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/gossett", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "BAGXPJ9I", "version": 9388, "parentItem": "5STSU8PV", "itemType": "annotation", "annotationType": "highlight", "annotationText": "About half of students (51%) believe that students who use AI for coursework have an academic advantage. At the same time, nearly two-thirds (65%) express skepticism about whether AI is benefiting education overall. These two findings are not in tension. Students can recognize that AI offers a practical edge while still questioning whether that edge is improving the quality of their learning experience.", "annotationComment": "", "annotationColor": "#ffd400", "annotationPageLabel": "18", "annotationSortIndex": "00017|000404|00198", "annotationPosition": "{\"pageIndex\":17,\"rects\":[[36,583.746,284.167,593.716],[36,569.746,271.717,579.716],[36,555.746,260.646,565.716],[36,541.746,270.809,551.716],[36,527.746,283.388,537.716],[36,513.746,279.139,523.716],[36,499.746,281.935,509.716],[36,485.746,162.238,495.716]]}", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-04-03T21:16:51Z", "dateModified": "2026-04-03T21:16:51Z" } }, { "key": "QFXGK8Y3", "version": 9387, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350648, "name": "Hacherl Research and Writing Studio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/QFXGK8Y3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio/items/QFXGK8Y3", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/5STSU8PV", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 66073, "username": "gossett", "name": "Gabe Gossett", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/gossett", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "QFXGK8Y3", "version": 9387, "parentItem": "5STSU8PV", "itemType": "annotation", "annotationType": "highlight", "annotationText": "Faculty are also beginning to use AI in their own course development. More than half of teaching faculty (55%) report using AI to develop course materials, even as a majority express skepticism about the role of AI in students’ academic work.", "annotationComment": "", "annotationColor": "#ffd400", "annotationPageLabel": "17", "annotationSortIndex": "00016|001089|00655", "annotationPosition": "{\"pageIndex\":16,\"rects\":[[36,126.52,284.956,136.49],[36,112.52,280.766,122.49],[36,98.52,270.676,108.49],[36,84.52,269.186,94.49],[36,70.52,151.928,80.49]]}", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-04-03T21:16:10Z", "dateModified": "2026-04-03T21:16:10Z" } }, { "key": "G5LVKTKQ", "version": 9386, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350648, "name": "Hacherl Research and Writing Studio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/G5LVKTKQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio/items/G5LVKTKQ", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/5STSU8PV", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 66073, "username": "gossett", "name": "Gabe Gossett", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/gossett", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "G5LVKTKQ", "version": 9386, "parentItem": "5STSU8PV", "itemType": "annotation", "annotationType": "image", "annotationComment": "", "annotationColor": "#ffd400", "annotationPageLabel": "17", "annotationSortIndex": "00016|000512|00174", "annotationPosition": "{\"pageIndex\":16,\"rects\":[[36.785,393.223,449.56,617.189]]}", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-04-03T21:15:31Z", "dateModified": "2026-04-03T21:15:31Z" } }, { "key": "8UEH8AKS", "version": 9385, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350648, "name": "Hacherl Research and Writing Studio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/8UEH8AKS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio/items/8UEH8AKS", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/5STSU8PV", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 66073, "username": "gossett", "name": "Gabe Gossett", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/gossett", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "8UEH8AKS", "version": 9385, "parentItem": "5STSU8PV", "itemType": "annotation", "annotationType": "image", "annotationComment": "", "annotationColor": "#ffd400", "annotationPageLabel": "15", "annotationSortIndex": "00014|001594|00384", "annotationPosition": "{\"pageIndex\":14,\"rects\":[[37.762,120.753,572.285,407.872]]}", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-04-03T21:15:12Z", "dateModified": "2026-04-03T21:15:12Z" } }, { "key": "N75MN8YI", "version": 9384, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350648, "name": "Hacherl Research and Writing Studio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/N75MN8YI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio/items/N75MN8YI", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/5STSU8PV", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 66073, "username": "gossett", "name": "Gabe Gossett", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/gossett", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "N75MN8YI", "version": 9384, "parentItem": "5STSU8PV", "itemType": "annotation", "annotationType": "highlight", "annotationText": "More than eight in 10 staff respondents and roughly seven in 10 faculty respondents want formal AI training. Among student respondents, about half express the same interest, but first-generation students lead at 53%, compared with 45% of non-first-generation students. Black and Hispanic and Latino students also express strong interest.", "annotationComment": "", "annotationColor": "#ffd400", "annotationPageLabel": "6", "annotationSortIndex": "00005|001470|00374", "annotationPosition": "{\"pageIndex\":5,\"rects\":[[319.5,449.818,554.316,459.788],[319.5,435.818,570.496,445.788],[319.5,421.818,555.436,431.788],[319.5,407.818,575.618,417.788],[319.5,393.818,561.886,403.788],[319.5,379.818,557.116,389.788],[319.5,365.818,388.819,375.788]]}", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-04-03T20:53:53Z", "dateModified": "2026-04-03T20:53:53Z" } }, { "key": "AADQZC53", "version": 9383, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350648, "name": "Hacherl Research and Writing Studio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/AADQZC53", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio/items/AADQZC53", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/5STSU8PV", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 66073, "username": "gossett", "name": "Gabe Gossett", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/gossett", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "AADQZC53", "version": 9383, "parentItem": "5STSU8PV", "itemType": "annotation", "annotationType": "highlight", "annotationText": "About 78% of staff respondents, 66% of faculty respondents and 60% of student respondents agree that AI technology can enhance creativity and innovation, a notably high finding given the common concern that AI produces generic content. At the same time, about eight in 10 faculty, eight in 10 students and eight in 10 staff worry that AI will negatively affect human creativity over time. The CSU community holds both views simultaneously: AI is a creative tool today and a potential creative challenge tomorrow.", "annotationComment": "", "annotationColor": "#ffd400", "annotationPageLabel": "6", "annotationSortIndex": "00005|000666|00185", "annotationPosition": "{\"pageIndex\":5,\"rects\":[[36,652.494,252.257,662.464],[36,638.494,246.017,648.464],[36,624.494,272.026,634.464],[36,610.494,271.477,620.464],[36,596.494,284.746,606.464],[36,582.494,263.207,592.464],[36,568.494,279.886,578.464],[36,554.494,281.296,564.464],[36,540.494,273.916,550.464],[36,526.494,236.927,536.464]]}", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-04-03T20:52:32Z", "dateModified": "2026-04-03T20:52:32Z" } }, { "key": "EL4DPESH", "version": 9382, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350648, "name": "Hacherl Research and Writing Studio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/EL4DPESH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio/items/EL4DPESH", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/5STSU8PV", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 66073, "username": "gossett", "name": "Gabe Gossett", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/gossett", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "EL4DPESH", "version": 9382, "parentItem": "5STSU8PV", "itemType": "annotation", "annotationType": "highlight", "annotationText": "Fifty-six percent of faculty respondents report that AI has positively affected their teaching and research and 52% report a negative effect. No other group in the survey divides this way. Staff lean strongly positive and students lean positive as well. Faculty alone carry the full complexity of AI’s promise and disruption simultaneously.", "annotationComment": "", "annotationColor": "#ffd400", "annotationPageLabel": "5", "annotationSortIndex": "00004|001592|00406", "annotationPosition": "{\"pageIndex\":4,\"rects\":[[319.5,417.818,550.146,427.788],[319.5,403.818,560.316,413.788],[319.5,389.818,552.547,399.788],[319.5,375.818,565.615,385.788],[319.5,361.818,562.085,371.788],[319.5,347.818,539.757,357.788],[319.5,333.818,389.599,343.788]]}", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-04-03T20:51:29Z", "dateModified": "2026-04-03T20:51:29Z" } }, { "key": "FGVSP888", "version": 9381, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350648, "name": "Hacherl Research and Writing Studio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/FGVSP888", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio/items/FGVSP888", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/5STSU8PV", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 66073, "username": "gossett", "name": "Gabe Gossett", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/gossett", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "FGVSP888", "version": 9381, "parentItem": "5STSU8PV", "itemType": "annotation", "annotationType": "highlight", "annotationText": "More than half of faculty respondents use AI to develop course materials, and 69% provide students with specific guidance on how to use AI effectively and responsibly. More than two-thirds include an explicit AI statement in their syllabi. Thirty-nine percent of student respondents say their professors encourage AI use in coursework, and faculty engagement is broadly consistent across tenured and contingent ranks alike.", "annotationComment": "", "annotationColor": "#ffd400", "annotationPageLabel": "5", "annotationSortIndex": "00004|001236|00199", "annotationPosition": "{\"pageIndex\":4,\"rects\":[[319.5,652.494,570.416,662.464],[319.5,638.494,540.278,648.464],[319.5,624.494,546.077,634.464],[319.5,610.494,554.717,620.464],[319.5,596.494,545.266,606.464],[319.5,582.494,571.117,592.464],[319.5,568.494,563.676,578.464],[319.5,554.494,561.986,564.464]]}", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-04-03T20:50:41Z", "dateModified": "2026-04-03T20:50:41Z" } }, { "key": "XUEZ2AL8", "version": 9380, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350648, "name": "Hacherl Research and Writing Studio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/XUEZ2AL8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio/items/XUEZ2AL8", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/5STSU8PV", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 66073, "username": "gossett", "name": "Gabe Gossett", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/gossett", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "XUEZ2AL8", "version": 9380, "parentItem": "5STSU8PV", "itemType": "annotation", "annotationType": "highlight", "annotationText": "Among survey respondents, ChatGPT is used by 84% of students, 87% of faculty and 89% of staff. The typical respondent uses three AI tools, but ChatGPT is the only one adopted by strong majorities across all three groups. Among those who use it, about three in 10 students and faculty use it daily or more, and nearly four in 10 staff do the same. More than half of faculty and two-thirds of staff access it through college-provided accounts.", "annotationComment": "", "annotationColor": "#ffd400", "annotationPageLabel": "5", "annotationSortIndex": "00004|000382|00300", "annotationPosition": "{\"pageIndex\":4,\"rects\":[[36,495.818,278.446,505.788],[36,481.818,289.257,491.788],[36,467.818,265.286,477.788],[36,453.818,279.406,463.788],[36,439.818,263.347,449.788],[36,425.818,289.077,435.788],[36,411.818,272.927,421.788],[36,397.818,198.527,407.788],[36,383.818,160.668,393.788]]}", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-04-03T20:50:09Z", "dateModified": "2026-04-03T20:50:09Z" } }, { "key": "EX484CV9", "version": 9379, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350648, "name": "Hacherl Research and Writing Studio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/EX484CV9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio/items/EX484CV9", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/5STSU8PV", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 66073, "username": "gossett", "name": "Gabe Gossett", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/gossett", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "EX484CV9", "version": 9379, "parentItem": "5STSU8PV", "itemType": "annotation", "annotationType": "highlight", "annotationText": "Eight in 10 Students Say They Would Not Submit AI-Generated Work as Their Own", "annotationComment": "", "annotationColor": "#ffd400", "annotationPageLabel": "5", "annotationSortIndex": "00004|000703|00473", "annotationPosition": "{\"pageIndex\":4,\"rects\":[[36,305.011,292.295,318.969],[36,287.007,209.291,300.965]]}", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-04-03T20:50:01Z", "dateModified": "2026-04-03T20:50:01Z" } }, { "key": "8WXHHMEK", "version": 9378, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350648, "name": "Hacherl Research and Writing Studio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/8WXHHMEK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio/items/8WXHHMEK", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 66073, "username": "gossett", "name": "Gabe Gossett", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/gossett", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "The California State University", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "8WXHHMEK", "version": 9378, "itemType": "report", "title": "Ahead of the Curve: What the Nation's Largest Public University System is Learning About AI", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "name": "The California State University" } ], "abstractNote": "", "reportNumber": "", "reportType": "", "institution": "The California State University", "place": "", "date": "n.d.", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://www.calstate.edu/impact-of-the-csu/technology/ai-empowered-csu/Documents/csu-ahead-of-the-curve.pdf", "accessDate": "2026-04-03T20:45:28Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "PI6W7MD5" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-04-03T20:45:55Z", "dateModified": "2026-04-03T20:48:23Z" } }, { "key": "5STSU8PV", "version": 9373, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350648, "name": "Hacherl Research and Writing Studio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/5STSU8PV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio/items/5STSU8PV", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/8WXHHMEK", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 66073, "username": "gossett", "name": "Gabe Gossett", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/gossett", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 15 }, "data": { "key": "5STSU8PV", "version": 9373, "parentItem": "8WXHHMEK", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "PDF", "accessDate": "2026-04-03T20:45:28Z", "url": "https://www.calstate.edu/impact-of-the-csu/technology/ai-empowered-csu/Documents/csu-ahead-of-the-curve.pdf", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "csu-ahead-of-the-curve.pdf", "md5": "6da460abfc64316b55733b0ebcc5ea96", "mtime": 1775249128848, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-04-03T20:45:28Z", "dateModified": "2026-04-03T20:45:55Z" } }, { "key": "W6RL7RCR", "version": 9368, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350648, "name": "Hacherl Research and Writing Studio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/W6RL7RCR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio/items/W6RL7RCR", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/T34YDJRG", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 66073, "username": "gossett", "name": "Gabe Gossett", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/gossett", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "W6RL7RCR", "version": 9368, "parentItem": "T34YDJRG", "itemType": "annotation", "annotationType": "highlight", "annotationText": "No. 8: AI’s racism problem (blaming the victim). When I recently asked ChatGPT for an argument about Amos Tutuola’s The Palm-Wine Drinkard, I was told that the novel “reframes the heroic journey as a pursuit of pleasure .. rather than … moral duty.”\n\nI never used to receive student papers that moralized. Now I constantly receive AI-assisted papers that read like sermons. They frequently judge Africans for failing to meet, according to one student paper, “Western ethical standards.” Many student papers now state that Africans, rather than colonialism, are responsible for their own terrible fates; that polygamy oppresses women; that a story’s impoverished widow, faced with a horrific choice, is “internalizing her helplessness” (whatever that means).", "annotationComment": "", "annotationColor": "#ffd400", "annotationPageLabel": "", "annotationSortIndex": "0009572", "annotationPosition": "{\"type\":\"CssSelector\",\"value\":\"article > div:last-child > div > div > div\",\"refinedBy\":{\"type\":\"TextPositionSelector\",\"start\":9250,\"end\":10005}}", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-04-03T16:53:04Z", "dateModified": "2026-04-03T16:53:04Z" } }, { "key": "ZAK2U3ZS", "version": 9367, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350648, "name": "Hacherl Research and Writing Studio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/ZAK2U3ZS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio/items/ZAK2U3ZS", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/T34YDJRG", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 66073, "username": "gossett", "name": "Gabe Gossett", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/gossett", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "ZAK2U3ZS", "version": 9367, "parentItem": "T34YDJRG", "itemType": "annotation", "annotationType": "highlight", "annotationText": "AI often generates sentences in which the text is doing something when, really, it is the human interpreter who is doing it through analysis. AI will take your ideas, erase your agency as the author, and present your texts (and abstractions) as agents. This is partly due to its phobia of the “I” in writing. AI is subtly teaching students to think of themselves as irrelevant in every possible way.", "annotationComment": "", "annotationColor": "#ffd400", "annotationPageLabel": "", "annotationSortIndex": "0007976", "annotationPosition": "{\"type\":\"CssSelector\",\"value\":\"p:nth-child(28)\"}", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-04-03T16:52:46Z", "dateModified": "2026-04-03T16:52:46Z" } }, { "key": "EC8PT9FL", "version": 9366, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350648, "name": "Hacherl Research and Writing Studio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/EC8PT9FL", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio/items/EC8PT9FL", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/T34YDJRG", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 66073, "username": "gossett", "name": "Gabe Gossett", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/gossett", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "EC8PT9FL", "version": 9366, "parentItem": "T34YDJRG", "itemType": "annotation", "annotationType": "highlight", "annotationText": "No. 6: AI’s anti-human problem (removing the interpreter). Consider this example I read in an AI-assisted student paper: “The folktale subverts its apparent message of Christian triumph by exposing moral contradictions at the heart of Christian practice.” The folktale did not deliberately subvert itself or bravely expose anything. Rather, the text’s interpreter noticed how the text failed to achieve its aim. This sentence should read something like, “This folktale’s overt Christian triumphalism is undercut by its exposure of Christianity’s failures.”", "annotationComment": "", "annotationColor": "#ffd400", "annotationPageLabel": "", "annotationSortIndex": "0007423", "annotationPosition": "{\"type\":\"CssSelector\",\"value\":\"p:nth-child(27)\"}", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-04-03T16:52:34Z", "dateModified": "2026-04-03T16:52:34Z" } }, { "key": "WYNTRJSQ", "version": 9362, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350648, "name": "Hacherl Research and Writing Studio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/WYNTRJSQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio/items/WYNTRJSQ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 66073, "username": "gossett", "name": "Gabe Gossett", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/gossett", "type": "text/html" } } }, "parsedDate": "2025-09-16", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "WYNTRJSQ", "version": 9362, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Advice | 10 Ways AI Is Ruining Your Students’ Writing", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "And how to help them see that AI cannot craft good essays.", "websiteTitle": "The Chronicle of Higher Education", "websiteType": "", "date": "2025-09-16T11:16:44.644", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://www.chronicle.com/article/10-ways-ai-is-ruining-your-students-writing", "accessDate": "2026-04-03T16:51:40Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "rights": "", "extra": "Section: Advice", "tags": [ { "tag": "AI" } ], "collections": [ "PI6W7MD5" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-04-03T16:51:40Z", "dateModified": "2026-04-03T16:51:52Z" } }, { "key": "T34YDJRG", "version": 9364, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350648, "name": "Hacherl Research and Writing Studio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/T34YDJRG", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio/items/T34YDJRG", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/WYNTRJSQ", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 66073, "username": "gossett", "name": "Gabe Gossett", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/gossett", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "T34YDJRG", "version": 9364, "parentItem": "WYNTRJSQ", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_url", "title": "Snapshot", "accessDate": "2026-04-03T16:51:51Z", "url": "https://www.chronicle.com/article/10-ways-ai-is-ruining-your-students-writing", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "utf-8", "filename": "10-ways-ai-is-ruining-your-students-writing.html", "md5": "97909a9f3b3246b8eb87512d275a60e8", "mtime": 1775235111459, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-04-03T16:51:51Z", "dateModified": "2026-04-03T16:51:51Z" } }, { "key": "LVVP93SX", "version": 9360, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350648, "name": "Hacherl Research and Writing Studio", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350648/items/LVVP93SX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/hacherl_research_and_writing_studio/items/LVVP93SX", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 66073, "username": "gossett", "name": "Gabe Gossett", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/gossett", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Perkins et al.", "parsedDate": "2024-04-19", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "LVVP93SX", "version": 9360, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Artificial Intelligence Assessment Scale (AIAS): A Framework for Ethical Integration of Generative AI in Educational Assessment", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mike", "lastName": "Perkins" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Leon", "lastName": "Furze" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jasper", "lastName": "Roe" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jason", "lastName": "MacVaugh" } ], "abstractNote": "Recent developments in Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) have created a paradigm shift in multiple areas of society, and the use of these technologies is likely to become a defining feature of education in coming decades. GenAI offers transformative pedagogical opportunities, while simultaneously posing ethical and academic challenges. Against this backdrop, we outline a practical, simple, and sufficiently comprehensive tool to allow for the integration of GenAI tools into educational assessment: the AI Assessment Scale (AIAS). The AIAS empowers educators to select the appropriate level of GenAI usage in assessments based on the learning outcomes they seek to address. The AIAS offers greater clarity and transparency for students and educators, provides a fair and equitable policy tool for institutions to work with, and offers a nuanced approach which embraces the opportunities of GenAI while recognising that there are instances where such tools may not be pedagogically appropriate or necessary. By adopting a practical, flexible approach that can be implemented quickly, the AIAS can form a much-needed starting point to address the current uncertainty and anxiety regarding GenAI in education. As a secondary objective, we engage with the current literature and advocate for a refocused discourse on GenAI tools in education, one which foregrounds how technologies can help support and enhance teaching and learning, which contrasts with the current focus on GenAI as a facilitator of academic misconduct.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2024-04-19", "volume": "21", "issue": "06", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.53761/q3azde36", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://open-publishing.org/journals/index.php/jutlp/article/view/810", "accessDate": "2026-03-25T23:11:23Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1449-9789", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The Artificial Intelligence Assessment Scale (AIAS)", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "open-publishing.org", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Copyright (c) 2024 Mike Perkins, Leon Furze, Jasper Roe, Jason MacVaugh", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "AI - policy" }, { "tag": "AI Assessment", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "AI integration", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Academic integrity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Generative artificial intelligence", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "PI6W7MD5" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2026-03-25T23:11:23Z", "dateModified": "2026-03-25T23:11:48Z" } } ]