[ { "key": "SL4672KB", "version": 544, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350619, "name": "E-Cigarettes", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350619/items/SL4672KB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes/items/SL4672KB", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350619/items/Z54E229E", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 192186, "username": "ra", "name": "Rachelle Annechino", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ra", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "SL4672KB", "version": 544, "parentItem": "Z54E229E", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "Google Books Link", "accessDate": "2023-06-08T21:16:41Z", "url": "https://books.google.com/books?id=qqnBEAAAQBAJ", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2023-06-08T21:16:41Z", "dateModified": "2023-06-08T21:16:41Z" } }, { "key": "Z54E229E", "version": 544, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350619, "name": "E-Cigarettes", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350619/items/Z54E229E", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes/items/Z54E229E", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 192186, "username": "ra", "name": "Rachelle Annechino", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ra", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Berridge et al.", "parsedDate": "2023-05-30", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "Z54E229E", "version": 544, "itemType": "book", "title": "E-Cigarettes and the Comparative Politics of Harm Reduction: History, Evidence, and Policy", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Virginia", "lastName": "Berridge" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ronald", "lastName": "Bayer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Amy L.", "lastName": "Fairchild" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Wayne", "lastName": "Hall" } ], "abstractNote": "This open access book offers the first in-depth study of the history and current debates surrounding electronic cigarettes comparing the UK, US and Australia. Since their introduction, e-cigarettes have been the subject of much public, media and regulatory attention, with discussion centring on whether these devices encourage or discourage smoking. This study delves into the history of policymaking and institutions in three countries which have taken different approaches to the regulation of e-cigarettes. In the UK, the tradition of harm reduction through nicotine has helped form a response which has endorsed e-cigarettes, though not without considerable controversy. In contrast, the US has a cessation-only anti-tobacco agenda, and Australia has effectively banned e-cigarettes. This book argues that each country frames the long-term use of nicotine differently and prioritises the health of different groups within the population of smokers or non-smokers, set against a broad backdrop of national responses to addiction. By taking this comparative approach, the authors explore the relationship between history, evidence and policy in public health more widely.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2023-05-30", "publisher": "Springer Nature", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "152", "ISBN": "978-3-031-23658-7", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "E-Cigarettes and the Comparative Politics of Harm Reduction", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Google Books", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "Google-Books-ID: qqnBEAAAQBAJ", "tags": [ { "tag": "History / General", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "History / Modern / General", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "History / World", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Medical / Health Care Delivery", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Medical / Health Policy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Medical / History", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Political Science / Public Policy / General", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Political Science / Public Policy / Social Policy", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2023-06-08T21:16:41Z", "dateModified": "2023-06-08T21:16:41Z" } }, { "key": "EYAW65JR", "version": 543, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350619, "name": "E-Cigarettes", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350619/items/EYAW65JR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes/items/EYAW65JR", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350619/items/FPFLQUED", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 192186, "username": "ra", "name": "Rachelle Annechino", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ra", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "EYAW65JR", "version": 543, "parentItem": "FPFLQUED", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed entry", "accessDate": "2019-08-31T19:22:48Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31390877", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2019-08-31T19:22:48Z", "dateModified": "2019-08-31T19:22:48Z" } }, { "key": "FPFLQUED", "version": 551, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350619, "name": "E-Cigarettes", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350619/items/FPFLQUED", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes/items/FPFLQUED", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 192186, "username": "ra", "name": "Rachelle Annechino", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ra", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 194967, "username": "tamar.antin", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tamar.antin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ghosh et al.", "parsedDate": "2019-08-07", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "FPFLQUED", "version": 551, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Chronic E-Cigarette Use Increases Neutrophil Elastase and Matrix Metalloprotease Levels in the Lung", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Arunava", "lastName": "Ghosh" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Raymond D.", "lastName": "Coakley" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Andrew J.", "lastName": "Ghio" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marianne S.", "lastName": "Muhlebach" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Charles R.", "lastName": "Esther" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Neil E.", "lastName": "Alexis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert", "lastName": "Tarran" } ], "abstractNote": "RATIONALE: Proteolysis is a key aspect of the lung's innate immune system. Proteases, including neutrophil elastase and matrix metalloproteases (MMPs), modulate cell signaling, inflammation, tissue remodeling and leukocyte recruitment via cleavage of their target proteins. Excessive proteolysis occurs with chronic tobacco use and is causative for bronchiectasis and emphysema. The effect of e-cigarettes (vaping) on proteolysis is unknown.\nOBJECTIVES: We used protease levels as biomarkers of harm to determine the impact of vaping on the lung.\nMETHODS: We performed research bronchoscopies on healthy non-smokers, cigarette smokers and e-cigarette users (vapers) and determined protease levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). In parallel, we studied the effects of e-cigarette components on protease secretion in isolated human blood neutrophils and BAL-derived macrophages. We also analyzed the nicotine concentration in induced sputum and BAL.\nMEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Neutrophil elastase, MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities/protein levels were equally elevated in both vapers' and smokers' BAL relative to non-smokers. In contrast, antiprotease levels were unchanged. We also found that exposure of isolated neutrophils and macrophages to nicotine elicited dose-dependent increases in protease release. After vaping, measurable levels of nicotine were detectable in sputum and BAL, which corresponded to the EC50s for protease release seen in immune cells.\nCONCLUSIONS: We conclude that vaping induces nicotine-dependent protease release from resident pulmonary immune cells. Thus, chronic vaping disrupts the protease-antiprotease balance by increasing proteolysis in lung, which may place vapers at risk of developing chronic lung disease. These data indicate that vaping may not be safer than tobacco smoking.", "publicationTitle": "American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Aug 07, 2019", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.", "DOI": "10.1164/rccm.201903-0615OC", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "31390877", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1535-4970", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Vaping, Protease, Antiprotease, Broncho-alveolar Lavage, Nicotine", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "CE7P93IR" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2019-08-31T19:22:47Z", "dateModified": "2019-08-31T19:22:47Z" } }, { "key": "VTX6R4U9", "version": 540, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350619, "name": "E-Cigarettes", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350619/items/VTX6R4U9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes/items/VTX6R4U9", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 192186, "username": "ra", "name": "Rachelle Annechino", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ra", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Johnson", "parsedDate": "2016-03-27", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "VTX6R4U9", "version": 540, "itemType": "blogPost", "title": "6 Misleading Pro-Vaping Arguments We Should Stop Using", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lee", "lastName": "Johnson" } ], "abstractNote": "We spend a lot of time tackling anti-vaping myths, but in reality, advocates aren't innocent either. Here are 6 pro-vaping myths, debunked.", "blogTitle": "E-cigarette Reviewed", "websiteType": "", "date": "2016-03-27T05:32:57-07:00", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://ecigarettereviewed.com/6-misleading-pro-vaping-arguments", "accessDate": "2016-07-22T04:57:11Z", "ISSN": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "7SN29QFJ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-07-22T04:57:11Z", "dateModified": "2018-05-17T02:53:26Z" } }, { "key": "235HGQ4U", "version": 540, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350619, "name": "E-Cigarettes", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350619/items/235HGQ4U", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes/items/235HGQ4U", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 192186, "username": "ra", "name": "Rachelle Annechino", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ra", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Farsalinos", "parsedDate": "2015-10-22", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "235HGQ4U", "version": 540, "itemType": "forumPost", "title": "A case of spontaneous pneumothorax", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Konstantinos", "lastName": "Farsalinos" } ], "abstractNote": "", "forumTitle": "Facebook", "postType": "", "date": "October 22, 2015", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://www.facebook.com/konstantinos.farsalinos/posts/537816419703447", "accessDate": "2015-11-18T00:51:26Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "7SN29QFJ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-18T00:51:26Z", "dateModified": "2018-05-17T02:51:01Z" } }, { "key": "4XTZJ7F9", "version": 539, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350619, "name": "E-Cigarettes", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350619/items/4XTZJ7F9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes/items/4XTZJ7F9", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 192186, "username": "ra", "name": "Rachelle Annechino", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ra", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bates", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "4XTZJ7F9", "version": 539, "itemType": "blogPost", "title": "Cease and desist: making false claims about the gateway effect", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Clive", "lastName": "Bates" } ], "abstractNote": "", "blogTitle": "The Counterfactual", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.clivebates.com/?p=2053", "accessDate": "2016-04-12T22:52:38Z", "ISSN": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "KCFBG2UA" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2016-04-12T22:52:38Z", "dateModified": "2018-05-17T02:41:21Z" } }, { "key": "BTRA6ABN", "version": 542, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350619, "name": "E-Cigarettes", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350619/items/BTRA6ABN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes/items/BTRA6ABN", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 192186, "username": "ra", "name": "Rachelle Annechino", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ra", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 2848753, "username": "malisayoung", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/malisayoung", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Boston Globe Editorial Board", "parsedDate": "2013-07-12", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BTRA6ABN", "version": 542, "itemType": "newspaperArticle", "title": "E-cigarettes may have a place — just not with minors - The Boston Globe", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "Boston Globe Editorial Board" } ], "abstractNote": "keeping young Americans from taking up smoking is among . — after all, in many respects the overall health of the nation depends on whether or not adolescents decide to take up smoking. Electronic cigarettes have the potential to improve public health if adults use them instead of regular tobacco — but not if they end up hooking young people on nicotine. Unfortunately, the ambiguous regulatory status of so-called e-cigarettes makes it possible for manufacturers to run marketing campaigns clearly aimed at young Americans. If the federal regulators can’t or won’t make sure these products don’t end up creating more smokers than they cure, states like Massachusetts should. It is for this reason that electronic cigarettes, also known as e-cigarettes, have become such a cause for concern. They are not subject to the same federal regulations as traditional tobacco products, and so far it has fallen been up to state and municipal governments to decide how to whether or not to regulate e-cigaretteskeep them from falling into the hands of young people. Manufacturers tout the product as a tool to — are designed to help smokers quit. It’s noteworthy, though, that one of the country’s three largest tobacco firms is among the leading makers of e-cigarettes, the other two tobacco giants plan to enter the market, and promotional efforts in this area have a distinctly youthful tone. major, and they have proven very effective at getting adults off cigarettes. However, it seems that the marketing strategies for many brands are aimed at getting young people smoking as opposed to helping smokers beat their addiction.", "publicationTitle": "Boston Globe", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "July 12, 2013", "volume": "", "issue": "", "edition": "", "section": "", "pages": "", "ISSN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/editorials/2013/07/11/cigarettes-may-have-place-just-not-with-minors/aIJcHjP5LJZL6k7cLjQ8OK/story.html", "accessDate": "2014-03-07T23:25:14Z", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "DFW Vapor", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Food and Drug Administration", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Lorillard", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Lorillard Tobacco Co", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Stephen Dorff", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Tobacco Products", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "RWX73NQT" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2018-05-17T01:44:22Z", "dateModified": "2018-05-17T02:38:15Z" } }, { "key": "BV6WDRR5", "version": 542, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350619, "name": "E-Cigarettes", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350619/items/BV6WDRR5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes/items/BV6WDRR5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 192186, "username": "ra", "name": "Rachelle Annechino", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ra", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 2848753, "username": "malisayoung", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/malisayoung", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Schripp et al.", "parsedDate": "2013-02-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BV6WDRR5", "version": 542, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Does e-cigarette consumption cause passive vaping?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T.", "lastName": "Schripp" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Markewitz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E.", "lastName": "Uhde" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T.", "lastName": "Salthammer" } ], "abstractNote": "Abstract\n\nElectronic cigarette consumption (‘vaping’) is marketed as an alternative to conventional tobacco smoking. Technically, a mixture of chemicals containing carrier liquids, flavors, and optionally nicotine is vaporized and inhaled. The present study aims at the determination of the release of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and (ultra)fine particles (FP/UFP) from an e-cigarette under near-to-real-use conditions in an 8-m3 emission test chamber. Furthermore, the inhaled mixture is analyzed in small chambers. An increase in FP/UFP and VOC could be determined after the use of the e-cigarette. Prominent components in the gas-phase are 1,2-propanediol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, diacetin, flavorings, and traces of nicotine. As a consequence, ‘passive vaping’ must be expected from the consumption of e-cigarettes. Furthermore, the inhaled aerosol undergoes changes in the human lung that is assumed to be attributed to deposition and evaporation.\n\n\nPractical Implications\n\nThe consumption of e-cigarettes marks a new source for chemical and aerosol exposure in the indoor environment. To evaluate the impact of e-cigarettes on indoor air quality and to estimate the possible effect of passive vaping, information about the chemical characteristics of the released vapor is needed.", "publicationTitle": "Indoor Air", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "February 1, 2013", "volume": "23", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "25-31", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1600-0668.2012.00792.x", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1600-0668.2012.00792.x/abstract", "accessDate": "2015-04-22T22:53:50Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1600-0668", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "© 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Formaldehyde", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Indoor air quality", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Propylene glycol", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Third-hand smoke", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Ultrafine particles", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "electronic cigarette", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "9FHGJE98" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-06-08T07:23:54Z", "dateModified": "2018-05-17T02:32:35Z" } }, { "key": "QR9BQ426", "version": 542, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350619, "name": "E-Cigarettes", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350619/items/QR9BQ426", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes/items/QR9BQ426", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 192186, "username": "ra", "name": "Rachelle Annechino", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ra", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 2848753, "username": "malisayoung", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/malisayoung", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Schripp et al.", "parsedDate": "2013", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "QR9BQ426", "version": 542, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Does e-cigarette consumption cause passive vaping?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T.", "lastName": "Schripp" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Markewitz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E.", "lastName": "Uhde" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T.", "lastName": "Salthammer" } ], "abstractNote": "Abstract Electronic cigarette consumption (‘vaping’) is marketed as an alternative to conventional tobacco smoking. Technically, a mixture of chemicals containing carrier liquids, flavors, and optionally nicotine is vaporized and inhaled. The present study aims at the determination of the release of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and (ultra)fine particles (FP/UFP) from an e-cigarette under near-to-real-use conditions in an 8-m3 emission test chamber. Furthermore, the inhaled mixture is analyzed in small chambers. An increase in FP/UFP and VOC could be determined after the use of the e-cigarette. Prominent components in the gas-phase are 1,2-propanediol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, diacetin, flavorings, and traces of nicotine. As a consequence, ‘passive vaping’ must be expected from the consumption of e-cigarettes. Furthermore, the inhaled aerosol undergoes changes in the human lung that is assumed to be attributed to deposition and evaporation. Practical Implications The consumption of e-cigarettes marks a new source for chemical and aerosol exposure in the indoor environment. To evaluate the impact of e-cigarettes on indoor air quality and to estimate the possible effect of passive vaping, information about the chemical characteristics of the released vapor is needed.", "publicationTitle": "Indoor Air", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2013", "volume": "23", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "25–31", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1600-0668.2012.00792.x", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://libproxy.library.unt.edu:2110/doi/10.1111/j.1600-0668.2012.00792.x/abstract", "accessDate": "2014-02-04T18:09:18Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1600-0668", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "© 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Formaldehyde" }, { "tag": "Indoor air quality" }, { "tag": "Propylene glycol" }, { "tag": "Third-hand smoke" }, { "tag": "Ultrafine particles" }, { "tag": "electronic cigarette" } ], "collections": [ "42BVNSBG", "9FHGJE98", "I5IKV5PF", "P24MMMKT", "RWX73NQT", "ZRP8IDK4" ], "relations": { "dc:replaces": [ "http://zotero.org/groups/350619/items/BV6WDRR5", "http://zotero.org/groups/350619/items/QXC453U4" ] }, "dateAdded": "2015-06-01T23:56:59Z", "dateModified": "2018-05-17T02:32:35Z" } }, { "key": "BD5EXZK8", "version": 551, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350619, "name": "E-Cigarettes", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350619/items/BD5EXZK8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes/items/BD5EXZK8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 192186, "username": "ra", "name": "Rachelle Annechino", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ra", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 194967, "username": "tamar.antin", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tamar.antin", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Tierney et al.", "parsedDate": "2015-04-15", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BD5EXZK8", "version": 551, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Flavour chemicals in electronic cigarette fluids", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Peyton A.", "lastName": "Tierney" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Clarissa D.", "lastName": "Karpinski" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jessica E.", "lastName": "Brown" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Wentai", "lastName": "Luo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "James F.", "lastName": "Pankow" } ], "abstractNote": "Background Most e-cigarette liquids contain flavour chemicals. Flavour chemicals certified as safe for ingestion by the Flavor Extracts Manufacturers Association may not be safe for use in e-cigarettes. This study identified and measured flavour chemicals in 30 e-cigarette fluids.\nMethods Two brands of single-use e-cigarettes were selected and their fluids in multiple flavour types analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. For the same flavour types, and for selected confectionary flavours (eg, bubble gum and cotton candy), also analysed were convenience samples of e-cigarette fluids in refill bottles from local ‘vape’ shops and online retailers.\nResults In many liquids, total flavour chemicals were found to be in the ∼1–4% range (10–40 mg/mL); labelled levels of nicotine were in the range of 0.6–2.4% (6 to 24 mg/mL). A significant number of the flavour chemicals were aldehydes, a compound class recognised as ‘primary irritants’ of mucosal tissue of the respiratory tract. Many of the products contained the same flavour chemicals: vanillin and/or ethyl vanillin was found in 17 of the liquids as one of the top three flavour chemicals, and/or at ≥0.5 mg/mL.\nConclusions The concentrations of some flavour chemicals in e-cigarette fluids are sufficiently high for inhalation exposure by vaping to be of toxicological concern. Regulatory limits should be contemplated for levels of some of the more worrisome chemicals as well as for total flavour chemical levels. Ingredient labeling should also be required.", "publicationTitle": "Tobacco Control", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2015-04-15", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "tobaccocontrol-2014-052175", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Tob Control", "DOI": "10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-052175", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/early/2015/03/27/tobaccocontrol-2014-052175", "accessDate": "2015-04-23T02:49:39Z", "PMID": "25877377", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": ", 1468-3318", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "tobaccocontrol.bmj.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Electronic nicotine delivery devices", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Nicotine", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Packaging and Labelling", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Toxicology", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "9FHGJE98" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-06-08T07:23:54Z", "dateModified": "2018-05-17T02:32:32Z" } }, { "key": "WMIHG6QC", "version": 536, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350619, "name": "E-Cigarettes", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350619/items/WMIHG6QC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes/items/WMIHG6QC", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 192186, "username": "ra", "name": "Rachelle Annechino", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ra", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Tierney et al.", "parsedDate": "2015", "numChildren": 3 }, "data": { "key": "WMIHG6QC", "version": 536, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Flavour chemicals in electronic cigarette fluids", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Peyton A.", "lastName": "Tierney" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Clarissa D.", "lastName": "Karpinski" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jessica E.", "lastName": "Brown" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Wentai", "lastName": "Luo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "James F.", "lastName": "Pankow" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Tobacco control", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2015", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "tobaccocontrol–2014", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/early/2015/03/27/tobaccocontrol-2014-052175.full?g=w_tc_open_tab", "accessDate": "2015-06-02T00:13:13Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Electronic nicotine delivery devices" }, { "tag": "Packaging and Labelling" }, { "tag": "Toxicology" }, { "tag": "nicotine" } ], "collections": [ "9D7MF98P", "9FHGJE98", "P24MMMKT", "PCR3IJQ5" ], "relations": { "dc:replaces": "http://zotero.org/groups/350619/items/BD5EXZK8" }, "dateAdded": "2015-06-02T00:13:13Z", "dateModified": "2018-05-17T02:32:32Z" } }, { "key": "CC8XGRTH", "version": 542, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350619, "name": "E-Cigarettes", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350619/items/CC8XGRTH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes/items/CC8XGRTH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 192186, "username": "ra", "name": "Rachelle Annechino", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ra", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 2848753, "username": "malisayoung", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/malisayoung", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Vansickel et al.", "parsedDate": "2012-08-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "CC8XGRTH", "version": 542, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Clinical laboratory assessment of the abuse liability of an electronic cigarette", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Andrea R.", "lastName": "Vansickel" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael F.", "lastName": "Weaver" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Thomas", "lastName": "Eissenberg" } ], "abstractNote": "Aims  To provide an initial abuse liability assessment of an electronic cigarette (EC) in current tobacco cigarette smokers. Design  The first of four within-subject sessions was an EC sampling session that involved six, 10-puff bouts (30 seconds inter-puff interval), each bout separated by 30 minutes. In the remaining three sessions participants made choices between 10 EC puffs and varying amounts of money, 10 EC puffs and a varying number of own brand cigarette (OB) puffs, or 10 OB puffs and varying amounts of money using the multiple-choice procedure (MCP). The MCP was completed six times at 30-minute intervals, and one choice was reinforced randomly at each trial. Setting  Clinical laboratory. Participants  Twenty current tobacco cigarette smokers. Measurements  Sampling session outcome measures included plasma nicotine, cardiovascular response and subjective effects. Choice session outcome was the cross-over value on the MCP. Findings  EC use resulted in significant nicotine delivery, tobacco abstinence symptom suppression and increased product acceptability ratings. On the MCP, participants chose to receive 10 EC puffs over an average of $1.06 or three OB puffs and chose 10 OB puffs over an average of $1.50 (P < 0.003). Conclusions   Electronic cigarettes can deliver clinically significant amounts of nicotine and reduce cigarette abstinence symptoms and appear to have lower potential for abuse relative to traditional tobacco cigarettes, at least under certain laboratory conditions.", "publicationTitle": "Addiction", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "August 1, 2012", "volume": "107", "issue": "8", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1493-1500", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.03791.x", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.03791.x/abstract", "accessDate": "2015-04-22T22:56:58Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1360-0443", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "© 2012 The Authors, Addiction © 2012 Society for the Study of Addiction", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Abuse liability", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Nicotine", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Subjective effects", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "abuse potential", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "electronic cigarettes", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "electronic nicotine delivery device", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "multiple choice procedure", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "reinforcing effects", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "9FHGJE98" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-06-08T07:23:54Z", "dateModified": "2018-05-17T02:32:30Z" } }, { "key": "BK7AIST7", "version": 536, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350619, "name": "E-Cigarettes", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350619/items/BK7AIST7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes/items/BK7AIST7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 192186, "username": "ra", "name": "Rachelle Annechino", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ra", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Vansickel et al.", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "BK7AIST7", "version": 536, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Clinical laboratory assessment of the abuse liability of an electronic cigarette", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Andrea R.", "lastName": "Vansickel" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael F.", "lastName": "Weaver" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Thomas", "lastName": "Eissenberg" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Addiction", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012", "volume": "107", "issue": "8", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1493–1500", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.03791.x/full", "accessDate": "2015-06-02T01:06:16Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Abuse liability" }, { "tag": "Subjective effects" }, { "tag": "abuse potential" }, { "tag": "electronic cigarettes" }, { "tag": "electronic nicotine delivery device" }, { "tag": "multiple choice procedure" }, { "tag": "nicotine" }, { "tag": "reinforcing effects" } ], "collections": [ "42BVNSBG", "9FHGJE98", "KTF6VKUV", "P24MMMKT" ], "relations": { "dc:replaces": "http://zotero.org/groups/350619/items/CC8XGRTH" }, "dateAdded": "2015-06-02T01:06:16Z", "dateModified": "2018-05-17T02:32:30Z" } }, { "key": "85HG7NNU", "version": 542, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350619, "name": "E-Cigarettes", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350619/items/85HG7NNU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes/items/85HG7NNU", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 192186, "username": "ra", "name": "Rachelle Annechino", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ra", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 2848753, "username": "malisayoung", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/malisayoung", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Pearson et al.", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 3 }, "data": { "key": "85HG7NNU", "version": 542, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "e-Cigarette Awareness, Use, and Harm Perceptions in US Adults", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jennifer L.", "lastName": "Pearson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Amanda", "lastName": "Richardson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Raymond S.", "lastName": "Niaura" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Donna M.", "lastName": "Vallone" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David B.", "lastName": "Abrams" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "American Journal of Public Health", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "09/2012", "volume": "102", "issue": "9", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1758-1766", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.2105/AJPH.2011.300526", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/abs/10.2105/AJPH.2011.300526", "accessDate": "2014-03-07T23:29:44Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0090-0036, 1541-0048", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Estimates" }, { "tag": "Federal regulation" }, { "tag": "Internet" }, { "tag": "Internet access" }, { "tag": "Medical Sciences" }, { "tag": "Medical equipment" }, { "tag": "Polls & surveys" }, { "tag": "Public Health And Safety" }, { "tag": "Studies" }, { "tag": "perceptions" }, { "tag": "tobacco" }, { "tag": "young adults" } ], "collections": [ "9FHGJE98", "I5IKV5PF", "RWX73NQT", "VAU4XNJU", "ZRP8IDK4" ], "relations": { "dc:replaces": [ "http://zotero.org/groups/350619/items/IMAGZU59", "http://zotero.org/groups/350619/items/FN25TGTY", "http://zotero.org/groups/350619/items/6J6DQ9RG", "http://zotero.org/groups/350619/items/PJUX6BP5" ] }, "dateAdded": "2015-06-01T23:56:59Z", "dateModified": "2018-05-17T02:32:29Z" } }, { "key": "7PSNTBK8", "version": 542, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350619, "name": "E-Cigarettes", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350619/items/7PSNTBK8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes/items/7PSNTBK8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 192186, "username": "ra", "name": "Rachelle Annechino", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ra", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 2848753, "username": "malisayoung", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/malisayoung", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hall et al.", "parsedDate": "2015", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "7PSNTBK8", "version": 542, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Ethical issues raised by a ban on the sale of electronic nicotine devices", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Wayne", "lastName": "Hall" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Coral", "lastName": "Gartner" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Cynthia", "lastName": "Forlini" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Addiction", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2015", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/add.12898/full", "accessDate": "2015-06-02T01:06:16Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "e-cigarettes" }, { "tag": "ethics" }, { "tag": "nicotine use" }, { "tag": "regulation" }, { "tag": "snus" }, { "tag": "tobacco harm reduction" } ], "collections": [ "3XBS6FIH", "9FHGJE98", "I5IKV5PF", "KTF6VKUV", "RWX73NQT" ], "relations": { "dc:replaces": [ "http://zotero.org/groups/350619/items/AT53T8EN", "http://zotero.org/groups/350619/items/CI7JSC7D", "http://zotero.org/groups/350619/items/8P6MD939" ] }, "dateAdded": "2015-06-02T01:06:16Z", "dateModified": "2018-05-17T02:28:35Z" } }, { "key": "6VKGF88S", "version": 536, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350619, "name": "E-Cigarettes", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350619/items/6VKGF88S", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes/items/6VKGF88S", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350619/items/7PSNTBK8", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 192186, "username": "ra", "name": "Rachelle Annechino", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ra", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "6VKGF88S", "version": 536, "parentItem": "7PSNTBK8", "itemType": "note", "note": "

We do not have to choose between a ban and an unregulated free market. We can ethically allow ENDS to be sold in ways that allow smokers to reduce the harms of smoking while minimizing the risks of deterring quitting and increasing smoking among youth.

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2018-05-17T02:28:02Z", "dateModified": "2018-05-17T02:28:35Z" } }, { "key": "CRR7VMNE", "version": 542, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350619, "name": "E-Cigarettes", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350619/items/CRR7VMNE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes/items/CRR7VMNE", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 192186, "username": "ra", "name": "Rachelle Annechino", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ra", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 2848753, "username": "malisayoung", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/malisayoung", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hall et al.", "parsedDate": "2015-07-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "CRR7VMNE", "version": 542, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Nuances in the ethical regulation of electronic nicotine delivery systems", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Wayne", "lastName": "Hall" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Coral", "lastName": "Gartner" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Cynthia", "lastName": "Forlini" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Addiction", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "July 1, 2015", "volume": "110", "issue": "7", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1074-1075", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Addiction", "DOI": "10.1111/add.12984", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://libproxy.library.unt.edu:2056/doi/10.1111/add.12984/abstract", "accessDate": "2015-07-27T21:37:51Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1360-0443", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "© 2015 Society for the Study of Addiction", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "ENDS" }, { "tag": "ethics" } ], "collections": [ "9FHGJE98", "I5IKV5PF", "RWX73NQT" ], "relations": { "dc:replaces": "http://zotero.org/groups/350619/items/2QPA6Q4Y" }, "dateAdded": "2018-05-17T01:44:19Z", "dateModified": "2018-05-17T02:28:33Z" } }, { "key": "KY3KA52W", "version": 536, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350619, "name": "E-Cigarettes", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350619/items/KY3KA52W", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes/items/KY3KA52W", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350619/items/CRR7VMNE", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 192186, "username": "ra", "name": "Rachelle Annechino", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ra", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "KY3KA52W", "version": 536, "parentItem": "CRR7VMNE", "itemType": "note", "note": "

Neither did we directly criticise misleading risk communications about ENDS products by some public health spokespersons whom ignore the potential adverse unintended effects of their messages. These include authoritative unproven claims that there are no differences in health risk between using ENDS and smoking conventional tobacco cigarettes, such as the California Department of Health’s ‘still blowing smoke’ campaign which implies ENDS may be more  dangerous than combustible cigarettes (e.g. http://stillblowingsmoke.org/#health). This
misinformation about the potential health risks of ENDS may well encourage the dual use and switching from ENDS to cigarettes that public health proponents of a ban profess to be most concerned about preventing.

", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2018-05-17T02:28:05Z", "dateModified": "2018-05-17T02:28:33Z" } }, { "key": "LR4JMNZG", "version": 536, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350619, "name": "E-Cigarettes", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350619/items/LR4JMNZG", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes/items/LR4JMNZG", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 192186, "username": "ra", "name": "Rachelle Annechino", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ra", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Abrams et al.", "parsedDate": "2018-01-11", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "LR4JMNZG", "version": 536, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Harm Minimization and Tobacco Control: Reframing Societal Views of Nicotine Use to Rapidly Save Lives", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David B.", "lastName": "Abrams" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Allison M.", "lastName": "Glasser" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jennifer L.", "lastName": "Pearson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Andrea C.", "lastName": "Villanti" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lauren K.", "lastName": "Collins" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Raymond S.", "lastName": "Niaura" } ], "abstractNote": "Inhalation of the toxic smoke produced by combusting tobacco products, primarily cigarettes, is the overwhelming cause of tobacco-related disease and death in the United States and globally. A diverse class of alternative nicotine delivery systems (ANDS) has recently been developed that do not combust tobacco and are substantially less harmful than cigarettes. ANDS have the potential to disrupt the 120-year dominance of the cigarette and challenge the field on how the tobacco pandemic could be reversed if nicotine is decoupled from lethal inhaled smoke. ANDS may provide a means to compete with, and even replace, combusted cigarette use, saving more lives more rapidly than previously possible. On the basis of the scientific evidence on ANDS, we explore benefits and harms to public health to guide practice, policy, and regulation. A reframing of societal nicotine use through the lens of harm minimization is an extraordinary opportunity to enhance the impact of tobacco control efforts. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Public Health Volume 39 is April 1, 2018. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.", "publicationTitle": "Annual Review of Public Health", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "January 11, 2018", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Annu. Rev. Public Health", "DOI": "10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040617-013849", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040617-013849", "accessDate": "2018-02-27", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0163-7525", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "9FHGJE98", "BWJVRA8W", "RWX73NQT" ], "relations": { "dc:replaces": "http://zotero.org/groups/350619/items/KAQYZI77" }, "dateAdded": "2018-05-17T01:43:41Z", "dateModified": "2018-05-17T02:26:00Z" } }, { "key": "TA6CGQRW", "version": 536, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350619, "name": "E-Cigarettes", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350619/items/TA6CGQRW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes/items/TA6CGQRW", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 192186, "username": "ra", "name": "Rachelle Annechino", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ra", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Green et al.", "parsedDate": "2018-01-11", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "TA6CGQRW", "version": 536, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Debate About Electronic Cigarettes: Harm Minimization or the Precautionary Principle", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lawrence W.", "lastName": "Green" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jonathan E.", "lastName": "Fielding" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ross C.", "lastName": "Brownson" } ], "abstractNote": "Two contrasting reviews (authored by Abrams et al. and Glanz & Bareham) in this volume have reached opposing conclusions on the effects of electronic cigarettes in a debate that is dividing the scientific and professional communities that have devoted careers to controlling the manufacture, advertising, sale, and use of combustible cigarettes. The research on the types, degree, and extent of harm from e-cigarettes is far from complete and, together with trends in teenage smoking and vaping, has raised new questions and prospects about the potential benefits that the new electronic products offer smokers of combustible cigarettes in quitting or at least cutting back on the known risks associated with the traditional forms of smoking. The rapidly morphing forms, constituents, promotions, and uses of the electronic varieties of the new nicotine delivery products (in this case electronic cigarettes) make research on their biological and behavioral effects moving targets. The two sides of this argument have produced a global divide on policy strategies. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Public Health Volume 39 is April 1, 2018. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.", "publicationTitle": "Annual Review of Public Health", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "January 11, 2018", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Annu. Rev. Public Health", "DOI": "10.1146/annurev-publhealth-102417-124810", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-102417-124810", "accessDate": "2018-03-27", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0163-7525", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "9FHGJE98", "BWJVRA8W", "RWX73NQT" ], "relations": { "dc:replaces": "http://zotero.org/groups/350619/items/RHL2JDPX" }, "dateAdded": "2018-05-17T01:43:23Z", "dateModified": "2018-05-17T02:25:58Z" } }, { "key": "DNXYQMMK", "version": 542, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350619, "name": "E-Cigarettes", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350619/items/DNXYQMMK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes/items/DNXYQMMK", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 192186, "username": "ra", "name": "Rachelle Annechino", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ra", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 2848753, "username": "malisayoung", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/malisayoung", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Glantz and Bareham", "parsedDate": "2018-04-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "DNXYQMMK", "version": 542, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "E-Cigarettes: Use, Effects on Smoking, Risks, and Policy Implications.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stanton A", "lastName": "Glantz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David W", "lastName": "Bareham" } ], "abstractNote": "Since e-cigarettes appeared in the mid-2000s, some practitioners, researchers, and policy makers have embraced them as a safer alternative to conventional cigarettes and an effective way to stop smoking. While e-cigarettes deliver lower levels of carcinogens than do conventional cigarettes, they still expose users to high levels of ultrafine particles and other toxins that may substantially increase cardiovascular and noncancer lung disease risks, which account for more than half of all smoking-caused deaths, at rates similar to conventional cigarettes. Moreover, rather than stimulating smokers to switch from conventional cigarettes to less dangerous e-cigarettes or quitting altogether, e-cigarettes are reducing smoking cessation rates and expanding the nicotine market by attracting youth.;", "publicationTitle": "Annual Review Of Public Health", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "April 1, 2018", "volume": "39", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "215-235", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Annual Review Of Public Health", "DOI": "10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040617-013757", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://pire.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mdc&AN=29323609&site=ehost-live", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1545-2093", "archive": "mdc", "archiveLocation": "29323609", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "cancer" }, { "tag": "cardiovascular disease" }, { "tag": "lung disease" }, { "tag": "smoking initiation" } ], "collections": [ "9FHGJE98", "BWJVRA8W", "RWX73NQT" ], "relations": { "dc:replaces": "http://zotero.org/groups/350619/items/2ZBGG252" }, "dateAdded": "2018-05-17T01:43:20Z", "dateModified": "2018-05-17T02:25:54Z" } }, { "key": "BVBUJ92N", "version": 542, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350619, "name": "E-Cigarettes", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350619/items/BVBUJ92N", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes/items/BVBUJ92N", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 192186, "username": "ra", "name": "Rachelle Annechino", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ra", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 2848753, "username": "malisayoung", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/malisayoung", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Cobb and Abrams", "parsedDate": "2011-07-21", "numChildren": 3 }, "data": { "key": "BVBUJ92N", "version": 542, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "E-Cigarette or Drug-Delivery Device? Regulating Novel Nicotine Products", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nathan K.", "lastName": "Cobb" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David B.", "lastName": "Abrams" } ], "abstractNote": "The FDA intends to regulate e-cigarettes as tobacco products, since the courts blocked it from treating them as drug-delivery devices. Until the FDA asserts its new authority over tobacco, concentrated nicotine products may be sold to consumers, raising safety concerns.", "publicationTitle": "The New England Journal of Medicine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Jul 21, 2011", "volume": "365", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "193-5", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://libproxy.library.unt.edu:2095/docview/878644195", "accessDate": "2014-02-25T20:43:39Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "00284793", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "E-Cigarette or Drug-Delivery Device?", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ProQuest", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Copyright © 2011 Massachusetts Medical Society. All rights reserved.", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Cigarettes" }, { "tag": "Cocaine" }, { "tag": "Drug dosages" }, { "tag": "Federal regulation" }, { "tag": "Medical Sciences" }, { "tag": "Nicotine", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "3XBS6FIH", "4RKPJ2B7", "9FHGJE98", "I5IKV5PF", "RWX73NQT", "ZRP8IDK4" ], "relations": { "dc:replaces": [ "http://zotero.org/groups/350619/items/2H6GJI9D", "http://zotero.org/groups/350619/items/TJ6QTTA2", "http://zotero.org/groups/350619/items/9MKX3UUY", "http://zotero.org/groups/350619/items/A7Q4R6VM" ] }, "dateAdded": "2015-06-01T23:56:59Z", "dateModified": "2018-05-17T02:24:00Z" } }, { "key": "WHNHN9RQ", "version": 535, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350619, "name": "E-Cigarettes", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350619/items/WHNHN9RQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes/items/WHNHN9RQ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 192186, "username": "ra", "name": "Rachelle Annechino", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ra", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Primack et al.", "parsedDate": "2015-11", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "WHNHN9RQ", "version": 535, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Progression to Traditional Cigarette Smoking After Electronic Cigarette Use Among US Adolescents and Young Adults.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Brian A", "lastName": "Primack" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Samir", "lastName": "Soneji" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael", "lastName": "Stoolmiller" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael J", "lastName": "Fine" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "James D", "lastName": "Sargent" } ], "abstractNote": "Importance: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) may help smokers reduce the use of traditional combustible cigarettes. However, adolescents and young adults who have never smoked traditional cigarettes are now using e-cigarettes, and these individuals may be at risk for subsequent progression to traditional cigarette smoking.; Objective: To determine whether baseline use of e-cigarettes among nonsmoking and nonsusceptible adolescents and young adults is associated with subsequent progression along an established trajectory to traditional cigarette smoking.; Design, Setting, and Participants: In this longitudinal cohort study, a national US sample of 694 participants aged 16 to 26 years who were never cigarette smokers and were attitudinally nonsusceptible to smoking cigarettes completed baseline surveys from October 1, 2012, to May 1, 2014, regarding smoking in 2012-2013. They were reassessed 1 year later. Analysis was conducted from July 1, 2014, to March 1, 2015. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the independent association between baseline e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking, controlling for sex, age, race/ethnicity, maternal educational level, sensation-seeking tendency, parental cigarette smoking, and cigarette smoking among friends. Sensitivity analyses were performed, with varying approaches to missing data and recanting.; Exposures: Use of e-cigarettes at baseline.; Main Outcomes and Measures: Progression to cigarette smoking, defined using 3 specific states along a trajectory: nonsusceptible nonsmokers, susceptible nonsmokers, and smokers. Individuals who could not rule out smoking in the future were defined as susceptible.; Results: Among the 694 respondents, 374 (53.9%) were female and 531 (76.5%) were non-Hispanic white. At baseline, 16 participants (2.3%) used e-cigarettes. Over the 1-year follow-up, 11 of 16 e-cigarette users and 128 of 678 of those who had not used e-cigarettes (18.9%) progressed toward cigarette smoking. In the primary fully adjusted models, baseline e-cigarette use was independently associated with progression to smoking (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 8.3; 95% CI, 1.2-58.6) and to susceptibility among nonsmokers (AOR, 8.5; 95% CI, 1.3-57.2). Sensitivity analyses showed consistent results in the level of significance and slightly larger magnitude of AORs.; Conclusions and Relevance: In this national sample of US adolescents and young adults, use of e-cigarettes at baseline was associated with progression to traditional cigarette smoking. These findings support regulations to limit sales and decrease the appeal of e-cigarettes to adolescents and young adults.;", "publicationTitle": "JAMA Pediatrics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "November 2015", "volume": "169", "issue": "11", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1018-1023", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "JAMA Pediatrics", "DOI": "10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.1742", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://pire.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mdc&AN=26348249&site=ehost-live", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "2168-6211", "archive": "mdc", "archiveLocation": "26348249", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Adolescent" }, { "tag": "Adolescent Behavior*" }, { "tag": "Adult" }, { "tag": "Cohort Studies" }, { "tag": "Disease Progression" }, { "tag": "Electronic Cigarettes/*adverse effects" }, { "tag": "Female" }, { "tag": "Health Surveys" }, { "tag": "Humans" }, { "tag": "Logistic Models" }, { "tag": "Longitudinal Studies" }, { "tag": "Male" }, { "tag": "RISK assessment" }, { "tag": "Risk Factors" }, { "tag": "Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data" }, { "tag": "Smoking/*epidemiology" }, { "tag": "United States" }, { "tag": "young adult" } ], "collections": [ "9FHGJE98", "BWJVRA8W", "RWX73NQT" ], "relations": { "dc:replaces": "http://zotero.org/groups/350619/items/4BA6GW46" }, "dateAdded": "2018-05-17T01:45:25Z", "dateModified": "2018-05-17T02:23:52Z" } }, { "key": "IC5IP5PC", "version": 535, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 350619, "name": "E-Cigarettes", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/350619/items/IC5IP5PC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/e-cigarettes/items/IC5IP5PC", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 192186, "username": "ra", "name": "Rachelle Annechino", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/ra", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Emery et al.", "parsedDate": "2014", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "IC5IP5PC", "version": 535, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Wanna know about vaping? Patterns of message exposure, seeking and sharing information about e-cigarettes across media platforms", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sherry L.", "lastName": "Emery" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lisa", "lastName": "Vera" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jidong", "lastName": "Huang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Glen", "lastName": "Szczypka" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Tobacco control", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2014", "volume": "23", "issue": "suppl 3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "iii17–iii25", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/23/suppl_3/iii17.short", "accessDate": "2015-06-02T00:10:18Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Wanna know about vaping?", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Advertising and Promotion" }, { "tag": "Electronic nicotine delivery devices" }, { "tag": "Media" } ], "collections": [ "4RKPJ2B7", "9D7MF98P", "9FHGJE98" ], "relations": { "dc:replaces": "http://zotero.org/groups/350619/items/G8WR9CTG" }, "dateAdded": "2015-06-02T00:10:18Z", "dateModified": "2018-05-17T02:23:44Z" } } ]