[ { "key": "CGX529PV", "version": 280, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 349429, "name": "Final Year Dissertation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/349429/items/CGX529PV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation/items/CGX529PV", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2464009, "username": "moztap", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/moztap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Schulten", "parsedDate": "1978", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "CGX529PV", "version": 280, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A Biomagnetic Sensory Mechanism Based on Magnetic Field Modulated Coherent Electron Spin Motion", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Klaus", "lastName": "Schulten" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1978", "volume": "22,", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "61-83", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "A Biomagnetic Sensory Mechanism Based on Magnetic Field Modulated Coherent Electron Spin Motion", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-05-15T18:08:26Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-03T21:15:34Z" } }, { "key": "KJ6ISNBT", "version": 276, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 349429, "name": "Final Year Dissertation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/349429/items/KJ6ISNBT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation/items/KJ6ISNBT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2464009, "username": "moztap", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/moztap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Manuel Barandiaran et al.", "parsedDate": "2015-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "KJ6ISNBT", "version": 276, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Search for Magnetite Nanoparticles in the Rats' Brain", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jose", "lastName": "Manuel Barandiaran" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Luis", "lastName": "Martinez-Millan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Inmaculada", "lastName": "Gerrikagoitia" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sara", "lastName": "Orue" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Inaki", "lastName": "Orue" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Luis", "lastName": "Lezama" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alicia", "lastName": "Muela" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Maria", "lastName": "Luisa Fernandez-Gubieda" } ], "abstractNote": "Various animals (bacteria, bees, fishes, birds, etc.) show the ability to find orientation in the geomagnetic field. This magnetoreception effect can be explained by the presence of small biogenic magnetite crystals in their organisms that interact with the geomagnetic field. Some studies carried out on rodents show that they respond to magnetic stimulation in the earth's magnetic field by the expression of activity genes like C-fos, but the mechanism of magnetoreception for them it is still unknown. In this paper, the amount of magnetite of two brains and two cerebellums of Sprague-Dawley rats was measured using ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy. No presence of magnetite (with a limit of a few picograms) was found. This means that either biogenic magnetite is not located in the brain, but somewhere else, or that the magnetic field sensibility in rats is not related to biogenic magnetite.", "publicationTitle": "Ieee Transactions on Magnetics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "JAN 2015", "volume": "51", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "5000103", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "IEEE Trans. Magn.", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0018-9464", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000349446800050", "tags": [ { "tag": "Biological magnetite", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "biomineralization", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ferromagnetic resonance (FMR)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "magnetoreception", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "magnetorreception in mammals", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "tissue", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "3N6FW7JG", "RMMC87K4" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-05-29T11:38:07Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-03T21:10:25Z" } }, { "key": "W5SGRPIB", "version": 275, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 349429, "name": "Final Year Dissertation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/349429/items/W5SGRPIB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation/items/W5SGRPIB", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2464009, "username": "moztap", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/moztap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Malkemper et al.", "parsedDate": "2015-04-29", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "W5SGRPIB", "version": 275, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Magnetoreception in the wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus): influence of weak frequency-modulated radio frequency fields", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E. Pascal", "lastName": "Malkemper" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stephan H. K.", "lastName": "Eder" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sabine", "lastName": "Begall" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John B.", "lastName": "Phillips" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael", "lastName": "Winklhofer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Vlastimil", "lastName": "Hart" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Hynek", "lastName": "Burda" } ], "abstractNote": "The mammalian magnetic sense is predominantly studied in species with reduced vision such as mole-rats and bats. Far less is known about surface-dwelling (epigeic) rodents with well-developed eyes. Here, we tested the wood mouse Apodemus sylvaticus for magnetoreception using a simple behavioural assay in which mice are allowed to build nests overnight in a visually symmetrical, circular arena. The tests were performed in the ambient magnetic field or in a field rotated by 90 degrees. When plotted with respect to magnetic north, the nests were bimodally clustered in the northern and southern sectors, clearly indicating that the animals used magnetic cues. Additionally, mice were tested in the ambient magnetic field with a superimposed radio frequency magnetic field of the order of 100 nT. Wood mice exposed to a 0.9 to 5 MHz frequency sweep changed their preference from north-south to east-west. In contrast to birds, however, a constant frequency field tuned to the Larmor frequency (1.33 MHz) had no effect on mouse orientation. In sum, we demonstrated magnetoreception in wood mice and provide first evidence for a radical-pair mechanism in a mammal.", "publicationTitle": "Scientific Reports", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "APR 29 2015", "volume": "5,", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "9917", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Sci Rep", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "2045-2322", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Magnetoreception in the wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus)", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000353622900001", "tags": [ { "tag": "Birds", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Mice", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cryptochrome", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "directional preference", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "homing pigeons", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "magnetic compass orientation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "mammals", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "navigation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "pair mechanism", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "subterranean rodent", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "3N6FW7JG", "RMMC87K4" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-05-29T11:37:35Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-03T21:08:01Z" } }, { "key": "434Q7V8I", "version": 274, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 349429, "name": "Final Year Dissertation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/349429/items/434Q7V8I", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation/items/434Q7V8I", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2464009, "username": "moztap", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/moztap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Foley et al.", "parsedDate": "2011-06-21", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "434Q7V8I", "version": 274, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Human cryptochrome exhibits light-dependent magnetosensitivity", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lauren E.", "lastName": "Foley" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert J.", "lastName": "Gegear" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Steven M.", "lastName": "Reppert" } ], "abstractNote": "Humans are not believed to have a magnetic sense, even though many animals use the Earth's magnetic field for orientation and navigation. One model of magnetosensing in animals proposes that geomagnetic fields are perceived by light-sensitive chemical reactions involving the flavoprotein cryptochrome (CRY). Here we show using a transgenic approach that human CRY2, which is heavily expressed in the retina, can function as a magnetosensor in the magnetoreception system of Drosophila and that it does so in a light-dependent manner. The results show that human CRY2 has the molecular capability to function as a light-sensitive magnetosensor and reopen an area of sensory biology that is ready for further exploration in humans.", "publicationTitle": "Nature Communications", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "June 21, 2011", "volume": "2,", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "356", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Nat Commun", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "© 2011 Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Biological Sciences", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Neuroscience", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "QIMPW5N3" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-05-17T14:57:48Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-03T21:07:05Z" } }, { "key": "2J6HUSVH", "version": 271, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 349429, "name": "Final Year Dissertation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/349429/items/2J6HUSVH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation/items/2J6HUSVH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2464009, "username": "moztap", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/moztap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Beason et al.", "parsedDate": "1995", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "2J6HUSVH", "version": 271, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Behavioural evidence for the use of magnetic material in magnetoreception by a migratory bird", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. C.", "lastName": "Beason" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N", "lastName": "Dussourd" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M", "lastName": "Deutschlander" } ], "abstractNote": "The biophysical mechanism of vertebrate magnetic sensory perception has not been completely resolved. We here provide evidence for the use of a magnetic material (probably magnetite) by a vertebrate to detect the earth's magnetic field. The role of magnetite in bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) orientation was assessed by magnetizing the birds with a magnetic pulse in one of three orientations. Bobolinks magnetized with different polarities were significantly oriented in directions different from one another and from their controls. Treatment with a second pulse having the opposite polarity to the first resulted in random orientation for each group. These results indicate an effect specific to a particle-based magnetoreceptor. The use of magnetite particles for magnetoreception is not in conflict with other reports on the use of photopigments for this purpose. The two mechanisms could be used in a complementary manner for detecting the same or different aspects of the magnetic field.", "publicationTitle": "The Journal of Experimental Biology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1995", "volume": "198", "issue": "Pt 1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "141-146", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J. Exp. Biol.", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1477-9145", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "ENG", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 9317510", "tags": [], "collections": [ "N7UQIAD5" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-05-15T09:18:26Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-03T21:02:53Z" } }, { "key": "EVEKVA2G", "version": 270, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 349429, "name": "Final Year Dissertation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/349429/items/EVEKVA2G", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation/items/EVEKVA2G", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2464009, "username": "moztap", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/moztap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Andrianov et al.", "parsedDate": "1974-12-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "EVEKVA2G", "version": 270, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Responses of central neurons to electrical and magnetic stimuli of the ampullae of Lorenzini in the Black Sea skate", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G. N.", "lastName": "Andrianov" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H. R.", "lastName": "Brown" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "O. B.", "lastName": "Ilyinsky" } ], "abstractNote": "Evoked and neuronal responses in the area acustico-lateralis to electrical and magnetic stimulation of ampullae of Lorenzini were studied in the anaesthetised Black Sea skate,Trygon pastinaca. Evoked responses with marked negative phase corresponded to the excitation of neurons, those with marked positive phase to the inhibition of neurons (Fig. 2). 80% of all studied neurons were spontaneously active (8.2±1.0 imp/sec). The background activity of some neurons was modulated in the rhythm of the respiratory movements. Thresholds for electrical stimulation were in the range of 1×10−10−6× 10−9 A/mm2. The character of neuronal responses depended on the stimulus polarity (Figs. 2, 3). Relations between the parameters of stimulation and the latencies of “on” -and “off”-responses, the spike frequency, the duration of “contrast interval” as well as the thresholds of reactions were analysed (Figs. 4, 5, 7). Four main patterns of responses to electrical stimulation were observed: phasic-tonic, tonic, sustained and bursting (Fig. 6). Neurons responded to a changing magnetic field penetrating the fish. The character of the responses depended on the direction of the magnetic field, and the intensity depended on the rate of magnetic field change. A constant magnetic field failed to influence single unit activity (Figs. 8–11). The threshold for magnetic stimulation was 2 Gs/sec. Thus perception of the magnetic field of the earth by the fish is possible.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of comparative physiology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1974-12-01", "volume": "93", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "287-299", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J. Comp. Physiol.", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0340-7594, 1432-1351", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Animal Physiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Neurosciences", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Zoology", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "N7UQIAD5" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-05-12T09:09:38Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-03T21:01:47Z" } }, { "key": "XMQ3V96G", "version": 267, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 349429, "name": "Final Year Dissertation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/349429/items/XMQ3V96G", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation/items/XMQ3V96G", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2464009, "username": "moztap", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/moztap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Deutschlander et al.", "parsedDate": "1999-04", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "XMQ3V96G", "version": 267, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The case for light-dependent magnetic orientation in animals", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. E.", "lastName": "Deutschlander" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John B.", "lastName": "Phillips" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Chris S.", "lastName": "Borland" } ], "abstractNote": "Light-dependent models of magnetoreception have been proposed which involve an interaction between the magnetic field and either magnetite particles located within a photoreceptor or excited states of photopigment molecules. Consistent with a photoreceptor-based magnetic compass mechanism, magnetic orientation responses in salamanders, flies and birds have been shown to be affected by the wavelength of light. In birds and flies, it is unclear whether the effects of light on magnetic orientation are due to a direct effect on a magnetoreception system or to a nonspecific (e.g. motivational) effect of light on orientation behavior. Evidence from shoreward-orienting salamanders, however, demonstrates that salamanders perceive a 90 degrees counterclockwise shift in the direction of the magnetic field under long-wavelength (>=500 nm) light. A simple physiological model based on the antagonistic interaction between two magnetically sensitive spectral mechanisms suggests one possible way in which the wavelength-dependent effects of light on the salamander's magnetic compass response might arise. Assuming that the wavelength-dependent characteristics of the avian magnetic response can be attributed to an underlying magnetoreception system, we discuss several hypotheses attempting to resolve the differences observed in the wavelength-dependent effects of light on magnetic orientation in birds and salamanders. By considering the evidence in the context of photoreceptor- and non-photoreceptor-based mechanisms for magnetoreception, we hope to encourage future studies designed to distinguish between alternative hypotheses concerning the influence of light on magnetoreception.", "publicationTitle": "The Journal of Experimental Biology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Apr 1999", "volume": "202", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "891-908", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J. Exp. Biol.", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1477-9145", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "Eng", "libraryCatalog": "PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 10085262", "tags": [], "collections": [ "B7QN7P5E" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-05-14T13:34:13Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-03T20:58:50Z" } }, { "key": "4J93RTQD", "version": 266, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 349429, "name": "Final Year Dissertation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/349429/items/4J93RTQD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation/items/4J93RTQD", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2464009, "username": "moztap", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/moztap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Blakemore and Frankel", "parsedDate": "1981", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "4J93RTQD", "version": 266, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Magnetic navigation in bacteria", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Richard P.", "lastName": "Blakemore" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Richard B.", "lastName": "Frankel" } ], "abstractNote": "Results of a study of various bacteria (e.g., Escherichia coli and Aquaspirillum magnetotacticum) suggest that some types of bacteria are magnetotactic in that they have tiny internal compasses that orient them in the earth's magnetic field. The elicidation of the role of bacterial magnetotaxis provides a basis for searching for a comparable magnetic sense in higher organisms.", "publicationTitle": "Scientific American", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1981", "volume": "245", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "58-65", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "APA PsycNET", "callNumber": "", "rights": "(c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Orienting Responses", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "N7UQIAD5" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-05-14T15:46:47Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-03T20:57:07Z" } }, { "key": "PUQAXR7G", "version": 264, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 349429, "name": "Final Year Dissertation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/349429/items/PUQAXR7G", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation/items/PUQAXR7G", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2464009, "username": "moztap", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/moztap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Walker et al.", "parsedDate": "1997-11-27", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "PUQAXR7G", "version": 264, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Structure and function of the vertebrate magnetic sense", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael M.", "lastName": "Walker" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Carol E.", "lastName": "Diebel" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Cordula V.", "lastName": "Haugh" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Patricia M.", "lastName": "Pankhurst" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John C.", "lastName": "Montgomery" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Colin R.", "lastName": "Green" } ], "abstractNote": "Some vertebrates can navigate over long distances using the Earth's magnetic field, but the sensory system that they use to do so has remained a mystery. Here we describe the key components of a magnetic sense underpinning this navigational ability in a single species, the rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss). We report behavioural and electrophysiological responses to magnetic fields and identify an area in the nose of the trout where candidate magnetoreceptor cells are located. We have tracked the sensory pathway from these newly identified candidate magnetoreceptor cells to the brain and associated the system with a learned response to magnetic fields.", "publicationTitle": "Nature", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "November 27, 1997", "volume": "390", "issue": "6658", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "371-376", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0028-0836", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "© 1997 Nature Publishing Group", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "N7UQIAD5" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-05-14T12:36:44Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-03T13:34:21Z" } }, { "key": "7Q2ADX9I", "version": 264, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 349429, "name": "Final Year Dissertation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/349429/items/7Q2ADX9I", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation/items/7Q2ADX9I", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2464009, "username": "moztap", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/moztap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hellinger and Hoffmann", "parsedDate": "2009-08-11", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "7Q2ADX9I", "version": 264, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Magnetic field perception in the Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jens", "lastName": "Hellinger" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Klaus-Peter", "lastName": "Hoffmann" } ], "abstractNote": "In this study, we present evidence for the perception of different magnetic field parameters in a facultative anadromous fish species of the family Salmonidae. Magnetic field perception of the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, was demonstrated with a heartbeat conditioning test. The electrocardiogram was measured with subcutaneously inserted silver wire electrodes in freely swimming fish. We demonstrate a conditioned response (i.e. a significant longer interval between two heartbeats) to an intensity/inclination shift for three adult and two juvenile rainbow trouts. Moreover, a conditioned response to a 90° direction shift was demonstrated for three adult and two juvenile trouts. These findings support the hypothesis that the rainbow trout is able to perceive different magnetic field parameters. Furthermore, the study demonstrates magnetosensation in different developmental stages in the rainbow trout, i.e. juvenile and adult fish.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Comparative Physiology A", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2009/08/11", "volume": "195", "issue": "9", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "873-879", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Comp Physiol A", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0340-7594, 1432-1351", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Anadromy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Animal Physiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Neurosciences", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Rainbow trout", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Zoology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "magnetic field", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "magnetoreception", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "navigation", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "KSIGB7EZ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-06-01T01:35:04Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-03T13:34:07Z" } }, { "key": "CBDUVWRA", "version": 263, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 349429, "name": "Final Year Dissertation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/349429/items/CBDUVWRA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation/items/CBDUVWRA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2464009, "username": "moztap", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/moztap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hellinger and Hoffmann", "parsedDate": "2012-08", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "CBDUVWRA", "version": 263, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Magnetic field perception in the rainbow trout Oncorynchus mykiss: magnetite mediated, light dependent or both?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jens", "lastName": "Hellinger" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Klaus-Peter", "lastName": "Hoffmann" } ], "abstractNote": "In the present study, we demonstrate the role of the trigeminal system in the perception process of different magnetic field parameters by heartbeat conditioning, i.e. a significantly longer interval between two consecutive heartbeats after magnetic stimulus onset in the salmonid fish Oncorhynchus mykiss. The electrocardiogram was recorded with subcutaneous silver wire electrodes in freely swimming fish. Inactivation of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve by local anaesthesia revealed its role in the perception of intensity/inclination of the magnetic field by abolishing the conditioned response (CR). In contrast, experiments with 90A degrees direction shifts clearly showed the normal conditioning effect during trigeminal inactivation. In experiments under red light and in darkness, CR occurred in case of both the intensity/inclination stimulation and 90A degrees direction shifts, respectively. With regard to the data obtained, we propose the trigeminal system to perceive the intensity/inclination of the magnetic field in rainbow trouts and suggest the existence of another light-independent sensory structure that enables fish to detect the magnetic field direction.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Comparative Physiology a-Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "AUG 2012", "volume": "198", "issue": "8", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "593-605", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J. Comp. Physiol. A -Neuroethol. Sens. Neural Behav. Physiol.", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0340-7594", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Magnetic field perception in the rainbow trout Oncorynchus mykiss", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000306698200003", "tags": [ { "tag": "Anadromy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Rainbow trout", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Trigeminus", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "compass orientation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "eel anguilla-anguilla", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "european robins", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "homing pigeons", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "lateral-line", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "magnetic field", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "navigation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "newt notophthalmus-viridescens", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "sea-turtles", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "single-domain magnetite", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "sockeye salmon", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "upper beak", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-06-01T15:17:14Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-03T13:33:39Z" } }, { "key": "DXHQZUXU", "version": 261, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 349429, "name": "Final Year Dissertation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/349429/items/DXHQZUXU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation/items/DXHQZUXU", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2464009, "username": "moztap", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/moztap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Henbest et al.", "parsedDate": "2004-07-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "DXHQZUXU", "version": 261, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Radio Frequency Magnetic Field Effects on a Radical Recombination Reaction:  A Diagnostic Test for the Radical Pair Mechanism", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kevin B.", "lastName": "Henbest" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Philipp", "lastName": "Kukura" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christopher T.", "lastName": "Rodgers" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P. J.", "lastName": "Hore" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christiane R.", "lastName": "Timmel" } ], "abstractNote": "The photoinduced electron-transfer reaction of chrysene with isomers of dicyanobenzene is used to demonstrate the sensitivity of a radical recombination reaction to the orientation and frequency (550 MHz) of a 300 T radio frequency magnetic field in the presence of a 04 mT static magnetic field. The recombination yield is detected via the fluorescence of the exciplex formed exclusively from the electronic singlet state of the radical ion pair Chr+/DCB-. Magnetic field effects are simulated using a modified version of the -COMPUTE algorithm, devised for the simulation of magic angle spinning NMR spectra of powdered samples. The response of a chemical or biological system to simultaneously applied radio frequency and static or extremely low-frequency magnetic fields could form the basis for a diagnostic test for the operation of the radical pair mechanism that would not require prior knowledge of the nature and properties of the radical reaction.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of the American Chemical Society", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "July 1, 2004", "volume": "126", "issue": "26", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "8102-8103", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J. Am. Chem. Soc.", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0002-7863", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Radio Frequency Magnetic Field Effects on a Radical Recombination Reaction", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "A67AU954" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-05-30T14:48:39Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-02T23:37:51Z" } }, { "key": "53Z6GD5Q", "version": 260, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 349429, "name": "Final Year Dissertation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/349429/items/53Z6GD5Q", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation/items/53Z6GD5Q", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2464009, "username": "moztap", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/moztap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kirschvink et al.", "parsedDate": "1992-08-15", "numChildren": 3 }, "data": { "key": "53Z6GD5Q", "version": 260, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Magnetite biomineralization in the human brain.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J. L.", "lastName": "Kirschvink" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Kobayashi-Kirschvink" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B. J.", "lastName": "Woodford" } ], "abstractNote": "Although the mineral magnetite (Fe3O4) is precipitated biochemically by bacteria, protists, and a variety of animals, it has not been documented previously in human tissue. Using an ultrasensitive superconducting magnetometer in a clean-lab environment, we have detected the presence of ferromagnetic material in a variety of tissues from the human brain. Magnetic particle extracts from solubilized brain tissues examined with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction, and elemental analyses identify minerals in the magnetite-maghemite family, with many of the crystal morphologies and structures resembling strongly those precipitated by magnetotactic bacteria and fish. These magnetic and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy measurements imply the presence of a minimum of 5 million single-domain crystals per gram for most tissues in the brain and greater than 100 million crystals per gram for pia and dura. Magnetic property data indicate the crystals are in clumps of between 50 and 100 particles. Biogenic magnetite in the human brain may account for high-field saturation effects observed in the T1 and T2 values of magnetic resonance imaging and, perhaps, for a variety of biological effects of low-frequency magnetic fields.", "publicationTitle": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "08/15/1992", "volume": "89", "issue": "16", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "7683-7687", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "PNAS", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0027-8424, 1091-6490", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "www.pnas.org", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 1502184", "tags": [], "collections": [ "QIMPW5N3" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-05-17T15:37:38Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-02T23:37:22Z" } }, { "key": "VTIKPNXC", "version": 259, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 349429, "name": "Final Year Dissertation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/349429/items/VTIKPNXC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation/items/VTIKPNXC", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2464009, "username": "moztap", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/moztap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Klimley", "parsedDate": "1993-09-01", "numChildren": 3 }, "data": { "key": "VTIKPNXC", "version": 259, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Highly directional swimming by scalloped hammerhead sharks, Sphyrna lewini, and subsurface irradiance, temperature, bathymetry, and geomagnetic field", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A. P.", "lastName": "Klimley" } ], "abstractNote": "The homing behavior of scalloped hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna lewini) to and fro between Espiritu Santo Seamount and Las Animas Island and the surrounding pelagic environment was studied to reveal their mechanisms of navigation in the oceanic environment. Four sharks were tagged with ultrasonic transmitters and tracked at the former location and one shark at the latter site during July, August, or September between 1981 and 1988. Hammerhead swimming movements were highly oriented: the mean coefficient of concentration (r) for sets of ten consecutive swimming directions recorded during eight homing movements by three hammerhead sharks ranged from 0.885 to 0.996. Drift within a current could not explain this directionality, since highly variable directions were recorded from a transmitter floating at the sea surface after becoming detached from a shark. Forward swimming momentum was an unlikely explanation, since highly directional swimming was maintained for a period of 32 min with only a gradual change in course. To maintain directionality over this period, an environmental property should be necessary for guidance. The hammerheads swam at night, with repeated vertical excursions ranging from 100 to 450 m deep, out of view of either the sea surface or the sea floor. The sharks' vertical diving movements were compared to distributions of spectral irradiance (relative to elasmobranch scotopic and photopic visual sensitivities), temperature, and current-flow directions in the water column. No relationships were evident between these properties and the sharks' oriented swimming movements. Movements of scalloped hammerhead sharks to and from a seamount were compared to topographic features in bathymetry and geomagnetic field leading away from the seamount. Sharks swam repeatedly over fixed geographic paths, and these paths occurred less often along submarine ridges and valleys than maxima and minima in the geomagnetic field. No significant difference existed between the degree of association of points from the sharks' tracks and points from track simulations and ≥20° changes in the slope of the depth record. On the other hand, significantly more points from the sharks' tracks were associated with slope changes in the magnetic intensity record than points from track simulations. A magnetic intensity gradient of 0.037 nanoteslas/m (nT/m) existed at 175 m depth, where a shark swam directionally, and this gradient was three times steeper than that measured at the sea surface and exceeded that recorded at a depth of 200 m. The hammerheads are hypothesized to find the seamount using geomagnetic topotaxis. The shark could be attracted to and move back and forth along ridges and valleys, features in the relief of magnetic field intensities occurring over a geographical area.", "publicationTitle": "Marine Biology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1993-09-01", "volume": "117", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1-22", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Marine Biology", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0025-3162, 1432-1793", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Biomedicine general", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Ecology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Microbiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Oceanography", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Zoology", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "N7UQIAD5" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-05-12T08:59:45Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-02T23:37:04Z" } }, { "key": "GMPHH2H2", "version": 256, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 349429, "name": "Final Year Dissertation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/349429/items/GMPHH2H2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation/items/GMPHH2H2", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2464009, "username": "moztap", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/moztap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Wiltschko and Wiltschko", "parsedDate": "2014-09", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "GMPHH2H2", "version": 256, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Sensing magnetic directions in birds: radical pair processes involving cryptochrome.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Roswitha", "lastName": "Wiltschko" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Wolfgang", "lastName": "Wiltschko" } ], "abstractNote": "Birds can use the geomagnetic field for compass orientation. Behavioral experiments, mostly with migrating passerines, revealed three characteristics of the avian magnetic compass: (1) it works spontaneously only in a narrow functional window around the intensity of the ambient magnetic field, but can adapt to other intensities, (2) it is an \"inclination compass\", not based on the polarity of the magnetic field, but the axial course of the field lines, and (3) it requires short-wavelength light from UV to 565 nm Green. The Radical Pair-Model of magnetoreception can explain these properties by proposing spin-chemical processes in photopigments as underlying mechanism. Applying radio frequency fields, a diagnostic tool for radical pair processes, supports an involvement of a radical pair mechanism in avian magnetoreception: added to the geomagnetic field, they disrupted orientation, presumably by interfering with the receptive processes. Cryptochromes have been suggested as receptor molecules. Cry1a is found in the eyes of birds, where it is located at the membranes of the disks in the outer segments of the UV-cones in chickens and robins. Immuno-histochemical studies show that it is activated by the wavelengths of light that allow magnetic compass orientation in birds.", "publicationTitle": "Biosensors", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2014 Sep", "volume": "4", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "221-42", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.3390/bios4030221", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "2079-6374", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Sensing magnetic directions in birds", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "MEDLINE:25587420", "tags": [], "collections": [ "RMMC87K4" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-05-29T11:38:48Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-02T23:33:42Z" } }, { "key": "FIQH789A", "version": 256, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 349429, "name": "Final Year Dissertation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/349429/items/FIQH789A", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation/items/FIQH789A", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2464009, "username": "moztap", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/moztap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Niessner et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-12", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "FIQH789A", "version": 256, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Magnetoreception in birds: I. Immunohistochemical studies concerning the cryptochrome cycle", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christine", "lastName": "Niessner" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Susanne", "lastName": "Denzau" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Leo", "lastName": "Peichl" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Wolfgang", "lastName": "Wiltschko" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Roswitha", "lastName": "Wiltschko" } ], "abstractNote": "Cryptochrome 1a, located in the UV/violet-sensitive cones in the avian retina, is discussed as receptor molecule for the magnetic compass of birds. Our previous immunohistochemical studies of chicken retinae with an antiserum that labelled only activated cryptochrome 1a had shown activation of cryptochrome 1a under 373 nm UV, 424 nm blue, 502 nm turquoise and 565 nm green light. Green light, however, does not allow the first step of photoreduction of oxidized cryptochromes to the semiquinone. As the chickens had been kept under 'white' light before, we suggested that there was a supply of the semiquinone present at the beginning of the exposure to green light, which could be further reduced and then re-oxidized. To test this hypothesis, we exposed chickens to various wavelengths (1) for 30 min after being kept in daylight, (2) for 30 min after a 30 min pre-exposure to total darkness, and (3) for 1 h after being kept in daylight. In the first case, we found activated cryptochrome 1a under UV, blue, turquoise and green light; in the second two cases we found activated cryptochrome 1a only under UV to turquoise light, where the complete redox cycle of cryptochrome can run, but not under green light. This observation is in agreement with the hypothesis that activated cryptochrome 1a is found as long as there is some of the semiquinone left, but not when the supply is depleted. It supports the idea that the crucial radical pair for magnetoreception is generated during re-oxidation.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Experimental Biology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "DEC 2014", "volume": "217", "issue": "23", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "4221-4224", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J. Exp. Biol.", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0022-0949", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Magnetoreception in birds", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "Web of Science", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000345900300021", "tags": [ { "tag": "Activated Cry1a", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cryptochrome 1a", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Flavin cycle", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Photoreduction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Radical pair mechanisms", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "blue-light photoreceptors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "domestic chickens", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "field", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "gallus-gallus", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "magnetic compass", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "magnetic compass orientation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "radical-pair mechanism", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "RMMC87K4" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-05-29T11:38:23Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-02T23:33:37Z" } }, { "key": "FRGJCQAV", "version": 256, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 349429, "name": "Final Year Dissertation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/349429/items/FRGJCQAV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation/items/FRGJCQAV", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2464009, "username": "moztap", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/moztap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Wiltschko et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-12", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "FRGJCQAV", "version": 256, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Magnetoreception in birds: II. Behavioural experiments concerning the cryptochrome cycle", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Roswitha", "lastName": "Wiltschko" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dennis", "lastName": "Gehring" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Susanne", "lastName": "Denzau" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christine", "lastName": "Niessner" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Wolfgang", "lastName": "Wiltschko" } ], "abstractNote": "Behavioural tests of the magnetic compass of birds and corresponding immunohistological studies on the activation of retinal cryptochrome 1a, the putative receptor molecule, showed oriented behaviour and activated Cry1a under 373 nm UV, 424 nm blue, 502 nm turquoise and 565 nm green light, although the last wavelength does not allow the first step of photoreduction of cryptochrome to the semiquinone form. The tested birds had been kept under 'white' light before, hence we suggested that there was a supply of semiquinone present at the beginning of the exposure to green light that could be further reduced and then re-oxidized. To test the hypothesis in behavioural experiments, we tested robins, Erithacus rubecula, under various wavelengths (1) after 1 h pre-exposure to total darkness and (2) after 1 h pre-exposure to the same light as used in the test. The birds were oriented under blue and turquoise light, where the full cryptochrome cycle can run, but not under green light. This finding is in agreement with the hypothesis. Orientation under green light appears to be a transient phenomenon until the supply of semiquinone is depleted.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Experimental Biology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "DEC 2014", "volume": "217", "issue": "23", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "4225-4228", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J. Exp. Biol.", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0022-0949", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Magnetoreception in birds", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000345900300022", "tags": [ { "tag": "Activated Cry1a", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cryptochrome 1a", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Flavin cycle", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Migratory orientation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Photoreduction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Radical pair mechanism", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "blue-light photoreceptors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "european robins", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "field", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "intensity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "lateralization", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "magnetic compass orientation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "mechanism", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "migratory birds", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "monochromatic light", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "wavelength", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "RMMC87K4" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-05-29T11:38:18Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-02T23:33:26Z" } }, { "key": "DKG7R68H", "version": 256, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 349429, "name": "Final Year Dissertation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/349429/items/DKG7R68H", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation/items/DKG7R68H", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2464009, "username": "moztap", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/moztap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Wiltschko and Wiltschko", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "DKG7R68H", "version": 256, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "Magnetoreception", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Roswitha", "lastName": "Wiltschko" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Wolfgang", "lastName": "Wiltschko" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Carlos", "lastName": "López-Larrea" } ], "abstractNote": "Animals can use the direction of the magnetic field as a compass and the intensity of the magnetic field as a component of the navigational ‘map’. Two fundamentally different mechanisms of magnetoreception have been discussed: (1) light-dependent reactions in specialized photopigments lead to radical pairs, with the ratio singlet/ triplet depending on the molecule’s alignment with respect to the ambient magnetic field and (2) reactions involving small crystals of magnetite, a specific iron oxide of biogen origin. The first mechanism provides birds and possibly amphibians and insects with compass information; the second, which can theoretically provide animals with information on direction and intensity, appears to mediate intensity information in birds and compass information e.g., in mammals. Little is known about the magnetoreception mechanisms in other animals.", "bookTitle": "Sensing in Nature", "series": "Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology", "seriesNumber": "739", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2012", "publisher": "Springer US", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "126-141", "ISBN": "978-1-4614-1703-3, 978-1-4614-1704-0", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "©2012 Landes Bioscience and Springer Science+Business Media, LLC", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Biomedicine general", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Cell Biology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Evolutionary Biology", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "65KU5UKA" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-05-11T19:43:16Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-02T23:33:14Z" } }, { "key": "X4V7BVUP", "version": 256, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 349429, "name": "Final Year Dissertation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/349429/items/X4V7BVUP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation/items/X4V7BVUP", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2464009, "username": "moztap", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/moztap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Wiltschko and Wiltschko", "parsedDate": "2006", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "X4V7BVUP", "version": 256, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Magnetoreception", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Roswitha", "lastName": "Wiltschko" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Wolfgang", "lastName": "Wiltschko" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "BioEssays", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "02/2006", "volume": "28", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "157-168", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1002/bies.20363", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0265-9247, 1521-1878", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "B7QN7P5E" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-05-08T11:53:10Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-02T23:33:02Z" } }, { "key": "A5T2SQ5S", "version": 256, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 349429, "name": "Final Year Dissertation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/349429/items/A5T2SQ5S", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation/items/A5T2SQ5S", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2464009, "username": "moztap", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/moztap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Wiltschko and Wiltschko", "parsedDate": "1995", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "A5T2SQ5S", "version": 256, "itemType": "book", "title": "Magnetic Orientation in Animals", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Roswitha", "lastName": "Wiltschko" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Wolfgang", "lastName": "Wiltschko" }, { "creatorType": "seriesEditor", "firstName": "S. D.", "lastName": "Bradshaw" }, { "creatorType": "seriesEditor", "firstName": "W.", "lastName": "Burggren" }, { "creatorType": "seriesEditor", "firstName": "H. C.", "lastName": "Heller" }, { "creatorType": "seriesEditor", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Ishii" }, { "creatorType": "seriesEditor", "firstName": "H.", "lastName": "Langer" }, { "creatorType": "seriesEditor", "firstName": "G.", "lastName": "Neuweiler" }, { "creatorType": "seriesEditor", "firstName": "D. J.", "lastName": "Randall" } ], "abstractNote": "", "series": "Zoophysiology", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "33", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "1995", "publisher": "Springer Berlin Heidelberg", "place": "Berlin, Heidelberg", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "65KU5UKA" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-05-08T12:33:12Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-02T23:32:57Z" } }, { "key": "ZT2GMVPJ", "version": 256, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 349429, "name": "Final Year Dissertation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/349429/items/ZT2GMVPJ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation/items/ZT2GMVPJ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2464009, "username": "moztap", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/moztap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Wiltschko and Wiltschko", "parsedDate": "2005-05-11", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "ZT2GMVPJ", "version": 256, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Magnetic orientation and magnetoreception in birds and other animals", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Wolfgang", "lastName": "Wiltschko" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Roswitha", "lastName": "Wiltschko" } ], "abstractNote": "Animals use the geomagnetic field in many ways: the magnetic vector provides a compass; magnetic intensity and/or inclination play a role as a component of the navigational ‘map’, and magnetic conditions of certain regions act as ‘sign posts’ or triggers, eliciting specific responses. A magnetic compass is widespread among animals, magnetic navigation is indicated e.g. in birds, marine turtles and spiny lobsters and the use of magnetic ‘sign posts’ has been described for birds and marine turtles. For magnetoreception, two hypotheses are currently discussed, one proposing a chemical compass based on a radical pair mechanism, the other postulating processes involving magnetite particles. The available evidence suggests that birds use both mechanisms, with the radical pair mechanism in the right eye providing directional information and a magnetite-based mechanism in the upper beak providing information on position as component of the ‘map’. Behavioral data from other animals indicate a light-dependent compass probably based on a radical pair mechanism in amphibians and a possibly magnetite-based mechanism in mammals. Histological and electrophysiological data suggest a magnetite-based mechanism in the nasal cavities of salmonid fish. Little is known about the parts of the brain where the respective information is processed.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Comparative Physiology A", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2005/05/11", "volume": "191", "issue": "8", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "675-693", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "J Comp Physiol A", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0340-7594, 1432-1351", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "B7QN7P5E" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-05-07T16:16:48Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-02T23:32:36Z" } }, { "key": "AHA9ZV6J", "version": 256, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 349429, "name": "Final Year Dissertation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/349429/items/AHA9ZV6J", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation/items/AHA9ZV6J", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2464009, "username": "moztap", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/moztap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Wiltschko and Wiltschko", "parsedDate": "1972-04-07", "numChildren": 3 }, "data": { "key": "AHA9ZV6J", "version": 256, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Magnetic Compass of European Robins", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Wolfgang", "lastName": "Wiltschko" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Roswitha", "lastName": "Wiltschko" } ], "abstractNote": "The magnetic compass of European robins does not use the polarity of the magnetic field for detecting the north direction. The birds derive their north direction from interpreting the inclination of the axial direction of the magnetic field lines in space, and they take the direction on the magnetic north-south axis for \"north\" where field lines and gravity vector form the smaller angle.", "publicationTitle": "Science", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "04/07/1972", "volume": "176", "issue": "4030", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "62-64", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Science", "DOI": "10.1126/science.176.4030.62", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0036-8075, 1095-9203", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "PMID: 17784420", "tags": [], "collections": [ "N7UQIAD5" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-05-07T20:56:18Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-02T23:32:23Z" } }, { "key": "8Z2EXW62", "version": 256, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 349429, "name": "Final Year Dissertation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/349429/items/8Z2EXW62", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation/items/8Z2EXW62", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2464009, "username": "moztap", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/moztap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Wiltschko et al.", "parsedDate": "2002-10-03", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "8Z2EXW62", "version": 256, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Lateralization of magnetic compass orientation in a migratory bird", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Wolfgang", "lastName": "Wiltschko" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Joachim", "lastName": "Traudt" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Onur", "lastName": "Güntürkün" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Helmut", "lastName": "Prior" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Roswitha", "lastName": "Wiltschko" } ], "abstractNote": "Lateralization of brain functions, once believed to be a human characteristic, has now been found to be widespread among vertebrates. In birds, asymmetries of visual functions are well studied, with each hemisphere being specialized for different tasks. Here we report lateralized functions of the birds' visual system associated with magnetoperception, resulting in an extreme asymmetry of sensing the direction of the magnetic field. We found that captive migrants tested in cages with the magnetic field as the only available orientation cue were well oriented in their appropriate migratory direction when using their right eye only, but failed to show a significant directional preference when using their left eye. This implies that magnetoreception for compass orientation, assumed to take place in the eyes alongside the visual processes, is strongly lateralized, with a marked dominance of the right eye/left brain hemisphere.", "publicationTitle": "Nature", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "October 3, 2002", "volume": "419", "issue": "6906", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "467-470", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Nature", "DOI": "10.1038/nature00958", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0028-0836", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "© 2002 Nature Publishing Group", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "N7UQIAD5" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-05-15T12:45:45Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-02T23:32:07Z" } }, { "key": "936AGH36", "version": 256, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 349429, "name": "Final Year Dissertation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/349429/items/936AGH36", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation/items/936AGH36", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2464009, "username": "moztap", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/moztap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Wiltschko et al.", "parsedDate": "2003-01-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "936AGH36", "version": 256, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Lateralisation of magnetic compass orientation in silvereyes, Zosterops lateralis", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Wolfgang", "lastName": "Wiltschko" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ursula", "lastName": "Munro" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Hugh", "lastName": "Ford" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Roswitha", "lastName": "Wiltschko" } ], "abstractNote": "The ability of migratory silvereyes to orient was tested in the geomagnetic field with one eye covered. Silvereyes using only their right eye were able to orient in migratory direction just as well as birds using both eyes. Using only their left eye, however, the birds did not show a significant directional preference. These data indicate that directional information from the magnetic field is mediated almost exclusively by the right eye and processed by the left hemisphere of the brain. Together with corresponding findings from European robins and indications for a similar phenomenon in homing pigeons, they suggest that a strong lateralisation of the magnetic compass is widespread among birds.", "publicationTitle": "Australian Journal of Zoology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "January 1, 2003", "volume": "51", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "597-602", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Aust. J. Zool.", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "CSIRO Publishing", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "N7UQIAD5" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-05-15T12:45:50Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-02T23:31:58Z" } }, { "key": "6EJWZT8H", "version": 256, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 349429, "name": "Final Year Dissertation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/349429/items/6EJWZT8H", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/final_year_dissertation/items/6EJWZT8H", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2464009, "username": "moztap", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/moztap", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Wiltschko and Wiltschko", "parsedDate": "1978-02-01", "numChildren": 3 }, "data": { "key": "6EJWZT8H", "version": 256, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Evidence for the use of magnetic outward-journey information in homing pigeons", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Roswitha", "lastName": "Wiltschko" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "W.", "lastName": "Wiltschko" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Naturwissenschaften", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1978-02-01", "volume": "65", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "112-113", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Naturwissenschaften", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0028-1042, 1432-1904", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Environment, general", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Life Sciences, general", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "N7UQIAD5" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-05-15T12:37:03Z", "dateModified": "2015-06-02T23:31:50Z" } } ]