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Some International Evidence", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Zhi", "lastName": "Wang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Shang-Jin", "lastName": "Wei" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Anna", "lastName": "Wong" } ], "abstractNote": "While openness to trade is a well-recognized hallmark of many successful emerging market economies known as “growth miracles,” another component of the growth model is a leapfrogging strategy – the use of policies to guide the industrial structural transformation ahead of a country's factor endowment. Does the leapfrogging strategy work? Opinions vary but the evidence is scarce in part because it is more difficult to measure the degree of leapfrogging than the extent of trade openness. We undertake a systematic look at the evidence across countries to assess the efficacy of such a strategy. So far, there is no strong and robust evidence that this strategy works reliably. Future research can explore a number of refinements.", "publicationTitle": "National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "September 2010", "volume": "No. 16390", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.nber.org/papers/w16390", "accessDate": "2010-09-29T14:47:15Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Does a Leapfrogging Growth Strategy Raise Growth Rate?", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "National Bureau of Economic Research", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-01-17T17:04:12Z", "dateModified": "2011-01-17T17:04:12Z" } }, { "key": "4FN522Q4", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 34884, "name": "Tecnologia y Desarrollo Economico", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/tecnologia_y_desarrollo_economico", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/34884/items/4FN522Q4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/tecnologia_y_desarrollo_economico/items/4FN522Q4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 267557, "username": "francisco.villarreal", "name": "Francisco Villarreal", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/francisco.villarreal", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Smith and Stirling", "parsedDate": "2006-10", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "4FN522Q4", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Moving Inside or Outside? Positioning the Governance of Sociotechnical Systems", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Adrian", "lastName": "Smith" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Andy", "lastName": "Stirling" } ], "abstractNote": "A curious tension exists in the literature on the governance of sustainable technologies; one that this paper will highlight and discuss. On the one hand, analysts recognise technology development as a highly social activity (thus opening possibilities for deliberate steering). On the other hand, governance interventions struggle with these same social underpinnings of technology development (thus understating the potentials for negotiation, deliberation and participation). In this paper we consider how this tension relates to the conceptual positioning of governance in relation to technology – whether ‘inside’ or ‘outside’ – and draw practical implications for steering.\nThe socio-technical turn in environment and technology studies provides a good example of this tension. The advance on earlier environment-technology studies is the recognition that technological infrastructures and practices emerge through complex interactions between artefacts, institutions, and agents. It is the operation of this ‘socio-technical system’ that services (and constitutes) human needs, and which must be rendered more sustainable. Existing technology governance arrangements tend to be considered as endogenous features of the socio-technical systems themselves. Yet when it comes to recommending how socio-technical change might best be steered in more sustainable directions, analysis tends to step outside the system to objectify its workings, with governance characterised in terms of exogenous ‘mechanistic’ interventions.\nTo an extent, such abstractions are an inevitable feature of any process for appraisal or accountability in the process of steering. But it is an expediency that stores up problems further down the line, because wider understandings of governance recognise the central roles of value-laden social processes of open deliberation, argumentation and negotiation. In practice, collective agency and social commitments in the governance of technology arise not so much through discrete, rational, ‘mechanistic’ closed ‘decisions’ in an external governance arena, as through more complex and diffuse systemic interactions within extensive but internal networks of variously compliant or recalcitrant social actors and artefacts. Under the former, relatively closed, ‘decisionistic’ understandings – where ‘appraisals’ are conducted and ‘decisions’ taken by an external governance subject on a subordinate socio-technical object – many key uncertainties, ambiguities, indeterminacies as well as power distributions amongst relevant actors, are expediently neglected.\nOur argument is not that conceptual distancing between socio-technical subjects and objects is always necessarily unhelpful or wrong. The point is rather that the interlinkage between socio-technical appraisal and socio-technical commitments must become more reflexive. In particular, there needs to be greater appreciation of the internal loci of governance processes within the socio-technical systems themselves, and of the necessarily more ‘open’ role of appraisal under these conditions. In contrast to governance that is placed outside the system, positioning governance inside the process of socio-technical change requires tools that can open up debate and reveal technology’s inherently political nature. In short, we need to move from a view of ‘steering as management’ to an understanding of ‘steering as politics’.\nIn practice, few practical initiatives in governance are characterised purely by one or other of the two ideal types – ‘outside’ or ‘inside’ - that we set up here. The same is true of academic perspectives. Indeed, studies into the governing of socio-technical transformations towards sustainability are only now beginning to grasp the political implications of a fully reflexive, internal account of governance (Voss and Kemp, 2006). This said (and though some treatments do come close for heuristic reasons), the existing socio-technical governance literature is rarely so politically naïve as to espouse a purely managerial, external conceptualisation of governance, and most accounts of governance, and most practical instances, wrestle with the tensions between the two positions that we set out here. On the one hand, governance processes have to be recognised as ‘political’ if they are to account for the different actor problem framings and socio-technical commitments of different actors and so enable the building of legitimacy. On the other hand, the objectification of the socio-technical facilitates coordinated interventions and management, so long as actors agree over the object around which they are supposed to be coordinating. By teasing apart the source of this tension into two ideal-typical conceptualisations of socio-technical governance we hope to provide a scheme for a deeper appreciation of this unavoidable dynamic.", "publicationTitle": "SPRU Electronic Working Paper Series", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "October 2006", "volume": "", "issue": "148", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-01-17T17:04:12Z", "dateModified": "2011-01-17T17:04:12Z" } }, { "key": "7PJNVUZM", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 34884, "name": "Tecnologia y Desarrollo Economico", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/tecnologia_y_desarrollo_economico", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/34884/items/7PJNVUZM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/tecnologia_y_desarrollo_economico/items/7PJNVUZM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 267557, "username": "francisco.villarreal", "name": "Francisco Villarreal", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/francisco.villarreal", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Santarelli", "parsedDate": "2006", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "7PJNVUZM", "version": 1, "itemType": "book", "title": "Entrepreneurship, growth, and innovation : the dynamics of firms and industries", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Enrico", "lastName": "Santarelli" } ], "abstractNote": "Although the role of entrepreneurial decision making as a factor which\nrevolutionizes production patterns by exploiting inventions was clearly\nidentified by Joseph Alois Schumpeter (1908, 1911; cf. Acs and Phillips,\n2002) in his early German writings, nearly one century later\nentrepreneurship has still to be fully integrated into economic theory. It was\nonly after developments in the field of empirical industrial organization, with\nthe emergence of the new branch of small business economics in the 1980s -\nfollowing David Birch's (1979) finding of the superior job creation\nperformance of small f m s - that economists started systematically to\nexplore the determinants and the impact of entrepreneurship in the modern\neconomies (cf. Geroski, 1995).\nRecent studies have identified a U-shaped relationship between a\ncountry's rate of entrepreneurial dynamics and its level of economic\ndevelopment (Wennekers et al., 2005). They thus support the idea that\namong the driving forces of structural change a crucial role is played by\nthose entrepreneurially active individuals that Schumpeter labeled \"energetic\ntypes\" and who display their \"essential features\" by introducing the \"new\"\ninto various activities and by \"breaking with the established routines\"\nusually adhered to by managers. In fact, according to Schurnpeter (191 1, p.\n171, as translated in Santarelli and Pesciarelli, 1990, pp. 682-683) \"it is only\nin contemporary economy that the energetic type has developed to such a\nsignificant extent in the economic field as to constitute a special class of\neconomic subject and be given his own name: entrepreneur\".\nSchumpeter's vision has been recently reappraised by David Audretsch\nand Roy Thurik (2000), who have aptly pointed out that the economic\nchallenge of the twenty-first century is transition from the managed to the\nentrepreneurial society, the purpose being to take full advantage of the\nknowledge-based society brought about by the diffusion of information and\ncommunication technologies (ICT). Thus, identification of determinants and\neffects of the uneven patterns of entrepreneurship that characterize different\ncountries is crucial for the design of public policies accelerating such transition. The present book takes up this suggestion by bringing together\nthirteen contributions by leading scholars who explore from both a\ntheoretical and an empirical viewpoint the factors that combine with\nentrepreneurship and innovation to influence firm and industry dynamics in\ngeneral, and with regard to a selected number of countries including the\nUnited States, Germany, Greece, Italy, Portugal, The Netherlands, and\nTurkey, besides the 25 member states of the European Union as a whole.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "1st ed.", "date": "2006", "publisher": "Springer", "place": "New York", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "", "ISBN": "9780387288680", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-01-17T17:04:12Z", "dateModified": "2011-01-17T17:04:12Z" } }, { "key": "RQPZ9CID", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 34884, "name": "Tecnologia y Desarrollo Economico", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/tecnologia_y_desarrollo_economico", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/34884/items/RQPZ9CID", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/tecnologia_y_desarrollo_economico/items/RQPZ9CID", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 267557, "username": "francisco.villarreal", "name": "Francisco Villarreal", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/francisco.villarreal", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Peres and Primi", "parsedDate": "2009", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "RQPZ9CID", "version": 1, "itemType": "book", "title": "Theory and practice of industrial policy : evidence from the Latin American experience", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Wilson", "lastName": "Peres" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Annalisa", "lastName": "Primi" } ], "abstractNote": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2009", "publisher": "Naciones Unidas CEPAL", "place": "Santiago Chile", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "", "ISBN": "9789211216974", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-01-17T17:04:12Z", "dateModified": "2011-01-17T17:04:12Z" } }, { "key": "NB69KMCD", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 34884, "name": "Tecnologia y Desarrollo Economico", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/tecnologia_y_desarrollo_economico", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/34884/items/NB69KMCD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/tecnologia_y_desarrollo_economico/items/NB69KMCD", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 267557, "username": "francisco.villarreal", "name": "Francisco Villarreal", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/francisco.villarreal", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Peres", "parsedDate": "2005", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "NB69KMCD", "version": 1, "itemType": "book", "title": "El (lento) retorno de las políticas industriales en América Latina y el Caribe", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Wilson", "lastName": "Peres" } ], "abstractNote": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2005", "publisher": "Naciones Unidas CEPAL; GTZ", "place": "Santiago", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "", "ISBN": "9789213228036", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2011-01-17T17:04:12Z", "dateModified": "2011-01-17T17:04:12Z" } }, { "key": "IV9XHDVW", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 34884, "name": "Tecnologia y Desarrollo Economico", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/tecnologia_y_desarrollo_economico", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/34884/items/IV9XHDVW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/tecnologia_y_desarrollo_economico/items/IV9XHDVW", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 267557, "username": "francisco.villarreal", "name": "Francisco Villarreal", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/francisco.villarreal", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Pakes and Sokoloff", "parsedDate": "1996", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "IV9XHDVW", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Science, technology, and economic growth", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Pakes" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K. 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