[ { "key": "4HVDF88T", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 344696, "name": "Almonds and Birds", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/almonds_and_birds", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/344696/items/4HVDF88T", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/almonds_and_birds/items/4HVDF88T", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 36337, "username": "meg.bresnahan", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/meg.bresnahan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Pearson et al.", "parsedDate": "2000", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "4HVDF88T", "version": 2, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "Lesser-known vertebrate pests of almonds in California", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A. B.", "lastName": "Pearson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "W. P.", "lastName": "Gorenzel" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T. P.", "lastName": "Salmon" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "T. P.", "lastName": "Salmon" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "A. C.", "lastName": "Crabb" } ], "abstractNote": "During a three-year study to assess the effectiveness of broadcast distress calls on American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) in almond orchards, we had the opportunity to identify other vertebrate pests, some of which are not well documented. We describe the damage caused by these \"lesser-known\" species and in selected cases estimate the crop loss from these other pests in eight orchards in the Central Valley of California. In addition to crows and California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi), we recorded the presence of seven other vertebrate pests: scrub jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens), yellow-billed magpies (Pica nutalli), common ravens (Corvus corax), deer trice (Peromyscus spp.), western gray squirrels (Sciurus griseus), wild pigs (Sus scrofa), and beaver (Castor canadensis). Jays and magpies were found in six of eight orchards and caused damage of at least $56/ha at one site. Jays and magpies showed a preference for the soft-shelled Nonpariel variety of almond and tended to damage trees throughout the orchards, as opposed to concentrated damage along the edges. Ravens and wild pigs were found only in two Fresno County orchards located next to wildlands of the Coast Range Mountains. We could not specifically identify nor value damage by ravens as they may have reacted to the broadcast crow distress calls and abandoned the treated orchard. Nut loss from pigs amounted to $17/ha. Pig damage could be identified from tracks, broken branches, and the smashed appearance of damage nuts. Deer mice were the most serious pest in the two Fresno County orchards with damage of up to $51/ha. Signs of deer mouse damage included small, fine incisor marks around the edge of the hole in the nut, small shavings from the hull and shell, and a concentration of damaged nuts in the crotch of the tree and around the base of the trunk. Tree squirrels were the most serious pest in one orchard with damage of $46/ha. Tree squirrel damage was concentrated on particular trees in the orchard and damaged nuts were opened in a characteristic manner. Beavers felled almond trees at one orchard located next to a watercourse. We speculate the presence and abundance of a vertebrate pest relate to local habitat conditions, geographic location, the adaptability of species, and the dynamic nature of wildlife populations.", "bookTitle": "Nineteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference, Proceedings", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2000", "publisher": "", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "365-376", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Web of Science", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000174742900063", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-17T15:31:23Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-17T15:31:23Z" } }, { "key": "DCHPHVJB", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 344696, "name": "Almonds and Birds", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/almonds_and_birds", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/344696/items/DCHPHVJB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/almonds_and_birds/items/DCHPHVJB", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 36337, "username": "meg.bresnahan", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/meg.bresnahan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bhardwaj", "parsedDate": "1991-03", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "DCHPHVJB", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Indian House Crow Damage to Almond in Himachal-Pradesh, India", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sp", "lastName": "Bhardwaj" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Tropical Pest Management", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "JAN-MAR 1991", "volume": "37", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "101-102", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Web of Science", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:A1991FM23200024", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-17T15:31:23Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-17T15:31:23Z" } }, { "key": "26TMVV73", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 344696, "name": "Almonds and Birds", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/almonds_and_birds", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/344696/items/26TMVV73", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/almonds_and_birds/items/26TMVV73", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 36337, "username": "meg.bresnahan", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/meg.bresnahan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Gardner", "parsedDate": "1926", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "26TMVV73", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Experiments in the economic control of the western crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos hesperis)", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Leon L.", "lastName": "Gardner" } ], "abstractNote": "At a locality in Washington, crows gathered in vast numbers, destroying the almond crop. Ordinary means of control including poisoned bait were without avail. Poisoning the almonds, however, caused cessation of the depredation and dispersal of the flock, though a comparatively small number of birds died. || ABSTRACT AUTHORS: J. T. Nichols", "publicationTitle": "The Auk", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1926", "volume": "43", "issue": "(4)", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "447-461", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Web of Science", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "BCI:BCI19270100003300", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-17T15:31:23Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-17T15:31:23Z" } }, { "key": "ZT7AQ47T", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 344696, "name": "Almonds and Birds", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/almonds_and_birds", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/344696/items/ZT7AQ47T", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/almonds_and_birds/items/ZT7AQ47T", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 36337, "username": "meg.bresnahan", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/meg.bresnahan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Delwiche et al.", "parsedDate": "2005-07", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ZT7AQ47T", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Electronic broadcast call unit for bird control in orchards", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. J.", "lastName": "Delwiche" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A. P.", "lastName": "Houk" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "W. P.", "lastName": "Gorenzel" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T. P.", "lastName": "Salmon" } ], "abstractNote": "Birds can cause significant damage to a number of agricultural crops. Past studies have shown that alarm and distress calls are useful tools for repelling birds from agricultural and industrial settings, and current electronics have made this technique easier to use. A new study focused on integrating broadcast distress calls into bird management programs required the design of broadcast units with emphasis on low cost, preventing habituation, and saving power. The circuit was built around a sound recording integrated circuit with 120 s of nonvolatile memory and was set to play four 25-s distress calls, wait approximately", "publicationTitle": "Applied Engineering in Agriculture", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "JUL 2005", "volume": "21", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "721-727", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Web of Science", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000231105600021", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-17T15:31:23Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-17T15:31:23Z" } }, { "key": "QJJAI2X9", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 344696, "name": "Almonds and Birds", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/almonds_and_birds", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/344696/items/QJJAI2X9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/almonds_and_birds/items/QJJAI2X9", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 36337, "username": "meg.bresnahan", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/meg.bresnahan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Sandhu and Dhindsa", "parsedDate": "1982", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "QJJAI2X9", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Damage by Rose-Ringed Parakeet and Some Other Animal Pests to Almond at Ludhiana, Punjab", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ps", "lastName": "Sandhu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ms", "lastName": "Dhindsa" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1982", "volume": "52", "issue": "11", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "779-781", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Web of Science", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:A1982PQ26500017", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-17T15:31:23Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-17T15:31:23Z" } }, { "key": "SVT7E8K6", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 344696, "name": "Almonds and Birds", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/almonds_and_birds", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/344696/items/SVT7E8K6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/almonds_and_birds/items/SVT7E8K6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 36337, "username": "meg.bresnahan", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/meg.bresnahan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Emlen", "parsedDate": "1937", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "SVT7E8K6", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Bird damage to almonds in California", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J. T.", "lastName": "Emlen" } ], "abstractNote": "In 3 almond orchards on the University Farm at Davis, western crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos hesperis), California woodpeckers (Balanosphyra formicivora bairdi), California jays (Aphelocoma californica immanis), and red-shafted flickers [Colaptes cajer collaris) consumed from 7 to 28% of the potential crop before the nuts were harvested. Trees of the paper or soft-shelled varieties, located near the periphery of the orchards, were attacked most heavily. Orchards located near large shade trees were most frequently visited. A survey of bird damage in 15 of the", "publicationTitle": "Condor", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1937", "volume": "39", "issue": "(5)", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "192-197", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.2307/1363803", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "Web of Science", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-17T15:31:23Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-17T15:31:23Z" } }, { "key": "PZ7FMZVZ", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 344696, "name": "Almonds and Birds", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/almonds_and_birds", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/344696/items/PZ7FMZVZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/almonds_and_birds/items/PZ7FMZVZ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 36337, "username": "meg.bresnahan", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/meg.bresnahan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Luck", "parsedDate": "2013", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "PZ7FMZVZ", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The net return from animal activity in agro-ecosystems: trading off benefits from ecosystem services against costs from crop damage.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gary W.", "lastName": "Luck" } ], "abstractNote": "Animals provide benefits to agriculture through the provision of ecosystem services, but also inflict costs such as damaging crops. These benefits and costs are mostly examined independently, rather than comparing the trade-offs of animal activity in the same system and quantifying the net return from beneficial minus detrimental activities. Here, I examine the net return associated with the activity of seed-eating birds in almond orchards by quantifying the economic costs and benefits of bird consumption of almonds. Pre-harvest, the consumption of harvestable almonds by birds cost growers AUD$57.50 ha (-1) when averaged across the entire plantation. Post-harvest, the same bird species provide an ecosystem service by removing mummified nuts from trees that growers otherwise need to remove to reduce threats from fungal infection or insect pest infestations. The value of this ecosystem service ranged from AUD$82.50 ha (-1)-$332.50 ha (-1) based on the replacement costs of mechanical or manual removal of mummified nuts, respectively. Hence, bird consumption of almonds yielded a positive net return of AUD$25-$275 ha (-1) averaged across the entire plantation. However, bird activity varied spatially resulting in positive net returns occurring primarily at the edges of crops where activity was higher, compared to negative net returns in crop interiors. Moreover, partial mummy nut removal by birds meant that bird activity may only reduce costs to growers rather than replace these costs completely. Similar cost-benefit trade-offs exist across nature, and quantifying net returns can better inform land management decisions such as when to control pests or promote ecosystem service provision.", "publicationTitle": "F1000Research", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2013", "volume": "2", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "239-239", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.12688/f1000research.2-239.v1", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The net return from animal activity in agro-ecosystems", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Web of Science", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "MEDLINE:25285202", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-17T15:31:23Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-17T15:31:23Z" } }, { "key": "FHPGVQI8", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 344696, "name": "Almonds and Birds", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/almonds_and_birds", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/344696/items/FHPGVQI8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/almonds_and_birds/items/FHPGVQI8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 36337, "username": "meg.bresnahan", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/meg.bresnahan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Schmidt", "parsedDate": "1973", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "FHPGVQI8", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "On Almond Tree Damage Caused by the Syrian Woodpecker Dendrocopos-Syriacus", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E", "lastName": "Schmidt" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Beitraege zur Vogelkunde", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1973", "volume": "19", "issue": "2-3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "175-178", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "Web of Science", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-17T15:31:23Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-17T15:31:23Z" } }, { "key": "9TKN2636", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 344696, "name": "Almonds and Birds", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/almonds_and_birds", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/344696/items/9TKN2636", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/almonds_and_birds/items/9TKN2636", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 36337, "username": "meg.bresnahan", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/meg.bresnahan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Johnson et al.", "parsedDate": "1997-10", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "9TKN2636", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Nut caching by blue jays (Cyanocitta cristata L.): Implications for tree demography", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "W. C.", "lastName": "Johnson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C. S.", "lastName": "Adkisson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T. R.", "lastName": "Crow" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. D.", "lastName": "Dixon" } ], "abstractNote": "We examined jay caching patterns over 3 yr in a woodland-prairie landscape in 3-central Iowa. Three aspects were examined: jay habitat preferences for caching, jay caching patterns before and after fire, and the influence of predation on nuts by small mammals on tree recruitment in jay territories. Blue jays cached nuts in a wide range of habitats, from open, grassy patches to mature forest. Jays cached preferentially in regenerating woodland and edge habitats while usually avoiding grassland habitats. Caching increased in grassland following a controlled burn. Detection by small mammals of artificial nut caches placed by the investigator was extremely high. The results support a keystone role for blue jays in oak forest ecosystems based on their habit of caching large numbers of most acorn species in the ground in habitats generally suitable for germination and establishment. Their long-distance transport and caching activities would be most significant to tree population dynamics during climate change or in contemporary fragmented landscapes.", "publicationTitle": "American Midland Naturalist", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "OCT 1997", "volume": "138", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "357-370", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.2307/2426828", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Nut caching by blue jays (Cyanocitta cristata L.)", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Web of Science", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:A1997YE72500012", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-17T15:31:23Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-17T15:31:23Z" } }, { "key": "4ZRHNMBK", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 344696, "name": "Almonds and Birds", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/almonds_and_birds", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/344696/items/4ZRHNMBK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/almonds_and_birds/items/4ZRHNMBK", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 36337, "username": "meg.bresnahan", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/meg.bresnahan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Aghanajafizadeh et al.", "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "4ZRHNMBK", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Nesting hole site selection by the Syrian Woodpecker, Dendrocopos syriacus, in Yazd province, Iran (Aves: Picidae)", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Shirin", "lastName": "Aghanajafizadeh" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Fatholah", "lastName": "Heydari" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gholamreza", "lastName": "Naderi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. R.", "lastName": "Hemami" } ], "abstractNote": "We studied the selection of nesting sites by the Syrian Woodpecker, Dendrocopos syriacus (Hemprich & Ehrenberg), in a forest oasis in semi-arid central Iran. Habitat variables such as tree height, tree diameter and canopy cover of nesting trees were compared with randomly selected non-used trees. The results showed that, in spite of the availability of different tree species in the study area such as Mountain Almond (Amygdalus scoparia), Montpellier Maple (Acer cinerascens) and Pistachio tree (Pistachio atlantica), only Pistachio trees were used for nest hole construction. The most important factors influencing nesting hole site selection were tree species and their diameter at breast height (DBH). The mean DBH of 40 Pistachio trees selected by Syrian Woodpeckers was 1.26 m, which was significantly larger than that of the non-selected Pistachio trees (1.10 m) (P<0.05). The canopy cover of the selected trees (2.65 m(2)) was also significantly higher compared with the control trees (2.41 m(2)) (P<0.04).", "publicationTitle": "Zoology in the Middle East", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2011", "volume": "53", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "3-6", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Nesting hole site selection by the Syrian Woodpecker, Dendrocopos syriacus, in Yazd province, Iran (Aves", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Web of Science", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000293426600001", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-17T15:31:23Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-17T15:31:23Z" } }, { "key": "6FII3C7T", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 344696, "name": "Almonds and Birds", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/almonds_and_birds", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/344696/items/6FII3C7T", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/almonds_and_birds/items/6FII3C7T", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 36337, "username": "meg.bresnahan", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/meg.bresnahan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Delwiche et al.", "parsedDate": "2007-04", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "6FII3C7T", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Control of crows in almonds by broadcast distress calls", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. J.", "lastName": "Delwiche" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Houk" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "W. P.", "lastName": "Gorenzel" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T. P.", "lastName": "Salmon" } ], "abstractNote": "The American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) is the primary avian pest in almond orchards of California, causing significant financial loss to growers. Although few good strategies are available for controlling birds in agricultural areas, preliminary work in small blocks has demonstrated the potential success of broadcast distress calls for reducing damage caused by crows. Based on these findings, our objective was to evaluate the effect of crow alarm/distress calls on damage levels in large commercial almond orchards. We recorded calls of crow chicks in the nest and obtained calls from dying adult crows, common ravens (Corvus corax), and ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) from other sources. These calls were broadcast to crow flocks to select the ones eliciting the most favorable response. An electronic circuit was designed to broadcast four crow distress calls in the field on a rotational basis. Tests were conducted in paired orchards from three regions in the central valley of California over two growing seasons (2002-2003). In the first year, damage was surveyed without treatment. In the second year, damage was surveyed with one orchard in each pair treated using distress calls. In two of the three regions, we found significant differences in damage distribution between years at both untreated and treated sites. In the other region, the crow population and resulting damage were too low to show a difference. Pooling regions and separating the effect of time from treatment, we demonstrated a significant effect of distress call treatment. The savings due to broadcast call treatment were estimated to be $12 and $25 per ha in the two regions that had significant damage. Finally, a protocol is recommended for treating commercial almond orchards with crow distress calls.", "publicationTitle": "Transactions of the Asabe", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "MAR-APR 2007", "volume": "50", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "675-682", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Web of Science", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000248237900039", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-17T15:31:23Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-17T15:31:23Z" } }, { "key": "GBNCKMGW", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 344696, "name": "Almonds and Birds", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/almonds_and_birds", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/344696/items/GBNCKMGW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/almonds_and_birds/items/GBNCKMGW", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 36337, "username": "meg.bresnahan", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/meg.bresnahan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Huggins", "parsedDate": "1995-11", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "GBNCKMGW", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Blue jay and fox squirrel damage preference among pecan trees", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J. G.", "lastName": "Huggins" } ], "abstractNote": "The relationship of eight native pecan (Carya illinoensis) tree characteristics and blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata) and fox squirrel (Sciurus niger) nut damage levels was examined in five southcentral Oklahoma pecan groves during the 1991 and 1992 crop cycles. Each tree's nut length, width, total mass, kernel mass, per cent kernel, distance from the grove's edge, trunk area, and canopy area were regressed on wildlife damage levels at that tree. The relationship between fox squirrel damage and distance from the grove's edge was consistently negative when the data from each grove were analyzed separately by year. The correlation was significant (P < 0.05; R(2) = 0.29-0.46) in five of the 10 grove-year combinations tested. Combining the data from all groves and years also indicated a significant relationship (P = 0.0001, R(2) = 0.12) described by the regression equation: squirrel nut damage m(-2) = 5.876 - 0.065 X tree distance (m) from grove's edge. This suggests that increasing distance between a grove and surrounding woodland may reduce fox squirrel depredation of pecans.", "publicationTitle": "Crop Protection", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "NOV 1995", "volume": "14", "issue": "7", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "585-587", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/0261-2194(95)00058-5", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Web of Science", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:A1995TN07500010", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-17T15:31:23Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-17T15:31:23Z" } }, { "key": "S5CJFBUP", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 344696, "name": "Almonds and Birds", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/almonds_and_birds", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/344696/items/S5CJFBUP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/almonds_and_birds/items/S5CJFBUP", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 36337, "username": "meg.bresnahan", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/meg.bresnahan", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Luck et al.", "parsedDate": "2013", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "S5CJFBUP", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Bird use of almond plantations: implications for conservation and production", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gary W.", "lastName": "Luck" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Shannon", "lastName": "Triplett" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Peter G.", "lastName": "Spooner" } ], "abstractNote": "Context Farmland crops may suffer damage from native animals, but also provide a critical resource during times of food scarcity. We know little about bird use of almond crops.Aims To examine factors influencing temporal and spatial variation in the use of almond crops in north-western Victoria by bird species, including the threatened regent parrot (Polytelis anthopeplus), and to record levels of crop damage.Methods We measured bird occurrence in 15 transects during the almond-growing season of 2009/10, and 32 transects during 2010/11. Crop-damage assessments were conducted in 2010/11. Spatio-temporal variation in bird occurrence was related to seasonal factors, landscape variables and bird-control activities.Key results Significantly more regent parrots and small parrots (e.g. Platycercus elegans and Psephotus haematonotus) were recorded in almond plantations in 2009/10 than in 2010/11. Rainfall and wheat production was much higher in 2010/11, and we hypothesise that the availability of alternative foods reduced parrot dependence on almonds. Regent parrot occurrence did not differ across months within a season, but more small parrots were recorded during almond nut maturity. Regent parrots appeared to prefer locations where almond crops abutted native vegetation, but only during 2009/10, a dry year with likely limited food availability. Small parrots occurred more often in crops close to riverine vegetation and distant from farm offices. Nut damage was generally low, with only 7 of 32 transects sustaining >4% total damage, but damage assessments were conducted during a season of high rainfall, with likely greater availability of alternative food. Percentage damage was significantly correlated with the number of regent and small parrots. Shooting activity did not deter birds from using almond crops.Conclusions Parrots appear to rely more on almond crops for food when environmental conditions limit other food resources. A key strategy for managing bird impacts on almonds while supporting species conservation is to provide decoy crops of preferred native plants.Implications Rapid loss of almond plantations may lead to population declines in the threatened regent parrot if the availability of alternative food is not simultaneously increased. The role of production land uses in supporting native birds needs to be recognised by conservation management agencies.", "publicationTitle": "Wildlife Research", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2013", "volume": "40", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "523-535", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1071/WR13079", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Bird use of almond plantations", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Web of Science", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "BCI:BCI201400040096", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-17T15:31:23Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-17T15:31:23Z" } } ]