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J.", "lastName": "Delve" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Bekunda" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Mowo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Agunda" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Ramisch" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. T.", "lastName": "Trejo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. J.", "lastName": "Thomas" } ], "abstractNote": "The increasing attention paid to local soil knowledge results from a greater recognition that farmer knowledge can offer many insights into the sustainable management of tropical soils and that the integration of local and technical knowledge systems helps extension workers and scientists work more closely with farmers. A participatory approach and a methodological guide were developed to identify and classify local indicators of soil quality and relate them to technical soil parameters, and thus develop a common language between farmers, extension workers and scientists. This methodological guide was initially developed and used in Latin America and the Caribbean-LAC (Honduras, Nicaragua, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela, Dominican Republic), and was later improved during adaptation and use in eastern African (Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya, Ethiopia) through a South-South exchange of expertise and experiences. The aim of the methodological guide is to constitute an initial step in the empowerment of local communities to develop a local soil quality monitoring and decision-making system for better management of soil resources. This approach uses consensus building to develop practical solutions to soil management constraints identified, as well as to monitor the impact of management strategies implemented to address these constraints. The particular focus on local and technical indicators of agroecosystem change is useful for providing farmers with early warnings about unobservable changes in soil properties before they lead to more serious and visible forms of soil degradation. The methodological approach presented here constitutes one tool to incorporate local demands and perceptions of soil management constraints as an essential input to relevant research for development activities. The participatory process followed was effective in facilitating fanner consensus; for example, about which soil related constraints were most important and what potential soil management options could be used. Development of local capacities for consensus building constitute a critical step prior to collective action by fanning communities resulting in the adoption of integrated soil fertility management strategies at the farm and landscape scale. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "publicationTitle": "Geoderma", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "NOV 2006", "volume": "135", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "248-259", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.12.007", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0016-7061", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000241705200021", "tags": [], "collections": [ "M4HXBWKR", "U9UGAG6M" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z" } }, { "key": "66RWJMWA", "version": 33, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 344589, "name": "SuelosAndinos", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/suelosandinos", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/344589/items/66RWJMWA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/suelosandinos/items/66RWJMWA", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/344589/items/PMM35DTW", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1990324, "username": "sjvanek", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sjvanek", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "66RWJMWA", "version": 33, "parentItem": "PMM35DTW", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_file", "title": "Terrazas1998_Potatoes Production in Bolivia.pdf", "accessDate": "", "url": "", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "Terrazas1998_Potatoes Production in Bolivia.pdf", "md5": "bbb211cd3da4d84525c85a0ffde63752", "mtime": 1349794877153, "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z" } }, { "key": "W4ZD2Z2Q", "version": 32, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 344589, "name": "SuelosAndinos", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/suelosandinos", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/344589/items/W4ZD2Z2Q", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/suelosandinos/items/W4ZD2Z2Q", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1990324, "username": "sjvanek", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sjvanek", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Zimmerer", "parsedDate": "2010", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "W4ZD2Z2Q", "version": 32, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "Biological Diversity in Agriculture and Global Change", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Karl S.", "lastName": "Zimmerer" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Gadgil" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "D. M.", "lastName": "Liverman" } ], "abstractNote": "Biological diversity of agriculture consists of several analytic levels and spatial management scales that are subject to complex interactions with global change. The complexity of interactions is related to the bidirectional impacts and influences of global land use and climate change in combination with social-environmental shifts (globalization of agricultural development; market integration; technological change; and regulation through global treaties, policies, and institutions). This article develops a conceptual framework of the complexity of interactions using four thematic nodes biological diversity in agriculture; global change; management and scale; and social-environmental adaptation, vulnerability, and resilience. It argues for the increased relevance of this framework. Linking expanded scientific research and policy to this group of conceptual nodes yields insight into the impacts of global change on biological diversity in agriculture and into the design of conservation strategies, monitoring approaches, and sustainability policies. Future policy must anticipate interactions of biological diversity, agroecosystem complexity, and global change stemming from the acceleration and integration of region-scale land-use intensification and disintensification.", "bookTitle": "Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Vol 35", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "35", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2010", "publisher": "", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "137-+", "ISBN": "978-0-8243-2335-6", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000284721100006", "tags": [], "collections": [ "M4HXBWKR" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z" } }, { "key": "QHQD55PZ", "version": 32, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 344589, "name": "SuelosAndinos", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/suelosandinos", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/344589/items/QHQD55PZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/suelosandinos/items/QHQD55PZ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1990324, "username": "sjvanek", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sjvanek", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "WinklerPrins and Barrera-Bassols", "parsedDate": "2004", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "QHQD55PZ", "version": 32, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Latin American ethnopedology: A vision of its past, present, and future", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "AMGA", "lastName": "WinklerPrins" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N.", "lastName": "Barrera-Bassols" } ], "abstractNote": "Ethnopedology is the study of local knowledge of soil and land management in an ecological perspective. It is an emerging hybrid discipline that is a component of ethnoecology and stands to offer much for land-based studies. This paper reviews the field of ethnopedology in Latin America and compares some of the many case studies from that region. Various literature sources are considered, including the ethnographical, ethnohistorical, archaeological, geographical, agronomic, ethnoecological, and development studies. Our review invokes the theory of ethnoecology that focuses on the linkages between kosmos (beliefs and symbolic representations), corpus (environmental knowledge), and praxis (the set of practical operations through which the material appropriation of nature takes place) of local land-users. The main topics covered are the ethnohistorical and archaeological evidence of ethnopedology, local soil and land classification, local land management systems, local perceptions and beliefs of soil and land resources, and local soil fertility management. After analysing past and present research trends, recommendations are given on how ethnopedological studies can contribute to enhance sustainable land use and management in Latin America.", "publicationTitle": "Agriculture and Human Values", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "SUM-FAL 2004", "volume": "21", "issue": "2-3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "139-156", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1023/B:AHUM.0000029405.37237.c8", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0889-048X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000222704800005", "tags": [], "collections": [ "M4HXBWKR" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z" } }, { "key": "TMDG8F75", "version": 32, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 344589, "name": "SuelosAndinos", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/suelosandinos", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/344589/items/TMDG8F75", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/suelosandinos/items/TMDG8F75", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1990324, "username": "sjvanek", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sjvanek", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ward et al.", "parsedDate": "1998-12", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "TMDG8F75", "version": 32, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Land degradation is not a necessary outcome of communal pastoralism in arid Namibia", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Ward" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B. T.", "lastName": "Ngairorue" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Kathena" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.", "lastName": "Samuels" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Y.", "lastName": "Ofran" } ], "abstractNote": "In Otjimbingwe, a region of arid south-central Namibia, human population densities are high and these communal pastoralists own large numbers of livestock. Such situations are commonly perceived to lead to the 'tragedy of the commons'. This region lends itself to a comparison of the effects of communal and commercial farming (with private land ownership) because the communal area is completely surrounded by commercial farms. In spite of far higher stocking densities on the communal areas and the absence of an overall grazing strategy, we found no evidence of the 'tragedy of the commons' on Otjimbingwe. Indeed, the communal areas did not differ in a number of soil and vegetation parameters from the commercial farms. These results point both to the resilience of arid environments to high stocking levels and the over-riding influence of abiotic variables on. environmental quality. (C) 1998 Academic Press.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Arid Environments", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "DEC 1998", "volume": "40", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "357-371", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0140-1963", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000078757100002", "tags": [], "collections": [ "M4HXBWKR" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z" } }, { "key": "ZBZ3P3B6", "version": 32, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 344589, "name": "SuelosAndinos", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/suelosandinos", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/344589/items/ZBZ3P3B6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/suelosandinos/items/ZBZ3P3B6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1990324, "username": "sjvanek", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sjvanek", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ward et al.", "parsedDate": "2000-08", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ZBZ3P3B6", "version": 32, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Perceptions and realities of land degradation in arid Otjimbingwe, Namibia", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Ward" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B. T.", "lastName": "Ngairorue" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Apollus" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H.", "lastName": "Tjiveze" } ], "abstractNote": "We examined the perceptions and realities of land degradation in a communal ranching area, Qtjimbingwe, in arid Namibia (in south-western Africa). It is commonly perceived that large-scale degradation of Otjimbingwe has occurred due to a mixture of improper pastoral practices and pressures induced by a high human population growth rate. We sought to determine whether the inhabitants perceived land degradation to have taken place and whether their perceptions were consistent with empirical data on environmental quality. Furthermore, we wished to determine whether these pastoralists had management strategies to help them withstand the harsh environmental conditions in which they live. All respondents in our surveys perceived that the environment had become degraded. The claimed source of this degradation, a decline in annual rainfall, is inconsistent with long-term rainfall records (there was neither change nor cyclicity in rainfall over time). There is also little evidence of a decline in plant cover and soil quality in spite of the very high stocking densities. No overall pastoral strategy exists in Otjimbingwe. Options for management are extremely limited due to a variety of external and internal pressures such as a high human population growth rate, high immigration into Otjimbingwe, restricted water availability due to darns constructed upstream, and limited movement opportunities for livestock in drought periods. (C) 2000 Academic Press.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Arid Environments", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "AUG 2000", "volume": "45", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "337-356", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1006/jare.2000.0647", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0140-1963", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000089595300005", "tags": [], "collections": [ "M4HXBWKR" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z" } }, { "key": "T88ZANQ9", "version": 32, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 344589, "name": "SuelosAndinos", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/suelosandinos", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/344589/items/T88ZANQ9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/suelosandinos/items/T88ZANQ9", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1990324, "username": "sjvanek", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sjvanek", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Vanek and Drinkwater", "parsedDate": "2013-12", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "T88ZANQ9", "version": 32, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Environmental, Social, and Management Drivers of Soil Nutrient Mass Balances in an Extensive Andean Cropping System", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S. J.", "lastName": "Vanek" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L. E.", "lastName": "Drinkwater" } ], "abstractNote": "Sustainable nutrient cycling in agroecosystems combining grazing and crops has global ramifications for protecting these ecosystems and for the livelihoods they support. We sought to understand environmental, management, and social drivers of nutrient management and sustainability in Andean grazing/crop systems. We assessed the impact of farmer wealth, fields' proximity to villages, topography, and rangeland net primary productivity (NPP) on mass balances for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) of 43 fields. Wealthier farmers applied greater total amounts (kg) of manure nutrients. However, higher manure application rates (kg ha(-1)) were associated with field proximity and NPP rather than wealth. Manure P inputs in far fields (> 500-m distant) were half those in near fields. Harvest exports increased with manure inputs (P < 0.001) so that balances varied less than either of these flows. Erosion nutrient losses in steeper far fields matched crop exports, and yields declined with increasing field slope (P < 0.001), suggesting that erosion reduces productivity. Balances for P were slightly positive in near and far fields (+2.2 kg P ha(-1) y(-1), combined mean) when calculated without erosion, but zero in near fields and negative in far fields with erosion included (-6.1 kg P ha(-1) y(-1) in far fields). Near/far differences in both inputs and erosion thus drove P limitation. Crop K exports dominated K balances, which were negative even without accounting for erosion. Modeled intensification scenarios showed that remediating far field deficits would require P addition and erosion reduction. Management nested within environmental constraints (NPP, erosion) rather than socioeconomic status drives soil nutrient sustainability in these agroecosystems. Time-lags between management and long-term degradation are a principal sustainability challenge to farming in these montane grazing/crop agroecosystems.", "publicationTitle": "Ecosystems", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "DEC 2013", "volume": "16", "issue": "8", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1517-1535", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1007/s10021-013-9699-3", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1432-9840", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000327096100010", "tags": [], "collections": [ "M4HXBWKR" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z" } }, { "key": "ZT7PZZZA", "version": 32, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 344589, "name": "SuelosAndinos", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/suelosandinos", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/344589/items/ZT7PZZZA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/suelosandinos/items/ZT7PZZZA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1990324, "username": "sjvanek", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sjvanek", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Vanek and Drinkwater", "parsedDate": "2013-12", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ZT7PZZZA", "version": 32, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Environmental, Social, and Management Drivers of Soil Nutrient Mass Balances in an Extensive Andean Cropping System", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S. J.", "lastName": "Vanek" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L. E.", "lastName": "Drinkwater" } ], "abstractNote": "Sustainable nutrient cycling in agroecosystems combining grazing and crops has global ramifications for protecting these ecosystems and for the livelihoods they support. We sought to understand environmental, management, and social drivers of nutrient management and sustainability in Andean grazing/crop systems. We assessed the impact of farmer wealth, fields' proximity to villages, topography, and rangeland net primary productivity (NPP) on mass balances for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) of 43 fields. Wealthier farmers applied greater total amounts (kg) of manure nutrients. However, higher manure application rates (kg ha(-1)) were associated with field proximity and NPP rather than wealth. Manure P inputs in far fields (> 500-m distant) were half those in near fields. Harvest exports increased with manure inputs (P < 0.001) so that balances varied less than either of these flows. Erosion nutrient losses in steeper far fields matched crop exports, and yields declined with increasing field slope (P < 0.001), suggesting that erosion reduces productivity. Balances for P were slightly positive in near and far fields (+2.2 kg P ha(-1) y(-1), combined mean) when calculated without erosion, but zero in near fields and negative in far fields with erosion included (-6.1 kg P ha(-1) y(-1) in far fields). Near/far differences in both inputs and erosion thus drove P limitation. Crop K exports dominated K balances, which were negative even without accounting for erosion. Modeled intensification scenarios showed that remediating far field deficits would require P addition and erosion reduction. Management nested within environmental constraints (NPP, erosion) rather than socioeconomic status drives soil nutrient sustainability in these agroecosystems. Time-lags between management and long-term degradation are a principal sustainability challenge to farming in these montane grazing/crop agroecosystems.", "publicationTitle": "Ecosystems", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "DEC 2013", "volume": "16", "issue": "8", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1517-1535", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1007/s10021-013-9699-3", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1432-9840", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000327096100010", "tags": [], "collections": [ "M4HXBWKR" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z" } }, { "key": "PMM35DTW", "version": 32, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 344589, "name": "SuelosAndinos", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/suelosandinos", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/344589/items/PMM35DTW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/suelosandinos/items/PMM35DTW", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1990324, "username": "sjvanek", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sjvanek", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Terrazas, Franz et al.", "parsedDate": "1998", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "PMM35DTW", "version": 32, "itemType": "book", "title": "Diagnosing Potato Productivity in Farmers' Fields in Bolivia, Working Paper 1998-5", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "Terrazas, Franz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "Suarez, F" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G", "lastName": "Gardner" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Graham", "lastName": "Thiele" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "André", "lastName": "Devaux" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T", "lastName": "Walker" } ], "abstractNote": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "1998", "publisher": "International Potato Center (CIP)", "place": "Lima, Peru", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "71", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "M4HXBWKR" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z" } }, { "key": "H6MMGWQ2", "version": 32, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 344589, "name": "SuelosAndinos", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/suelosandinos", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/344589/items/H6MMGWQ2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/suelosandinos/items/H6MMGWQ2", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1990324, "username": "sjvanek", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sjvanek", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Snapp et al.", "parsedDate": "2010-11-30", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "H6MMGWQ2", "version": 32, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Biodiversity can support a greener revolution in Africa", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sieglinde S.", "lastName": "Snapp" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Malcolm J.", "lastName": "Blackie" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert A.", "lastName": "Gilbert" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rachel", "lastName": "Bezner-Kerr" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "George Y.", "lastName": "Kanyama-Phiri" } ], "abstractNote": "The Asian green revolution trebled grain yields through agro-chemical intensification of monocultures. Associated environmental costs have subsequently emerged. A rapidly changing world necessitates sustainability principles be developed to reinvent these technologies and test them at scale. The need is particularly urgent in Africa, where ecosystems are degrading and crop yields have stagnated. An unprecedented opportunity to reverse this trend is unfolding in Malawi, where a 90% subsidy has ensured access to fertilization and improved maize seed, with substantive gains in productivity for millions of farmers. To test if economic and ecological sustainability could be improved, we preformed manipulative experimentation with crop diversity in a countrywide trial (n = 991) and at adaptive, local scales through a decade of participatory research (n = 146). Spatial and temporal treatments compared monoculture maize with legume-diversified maize that included annual and semiperennial (SP) growth habits in temporal and spatial combinations, including rotation, SP rotation, intercrop, and SP intercrop systems. Modest fertilizer intensification doubled grain yield compared with monoculture maize. Biodiversity improved ecosystem function further: SP rotation systems at half-fertilizer rates produced equivalent quantities of grain, on a more stable basis (yield variability reduced from 22% to 13%) compared with monoculture. Across sites, profitability and farmer preference matched: SP rotations provided twofold superior returns, whereas diversification of maize with annual legumes provided more modest returns. In this study, we provide evidence that in Africa, crop diversification can be effective at a countrywide scale, and that shrubby, grain legumes can enhance environmental and food security.", "publicationTitle": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "NOV 30 2010", "volume": "107", "issue": "48", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "20840-20845", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.1007199107", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0027-8424", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000284762400048", "tags": [], "collections": [ "M4HXBWKR" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z" } }, { "key": "SVGUPUPA", "version": 32, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 344589, "name": "SuelosAndinos", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/suelosandinos", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/344589/items/SVGUPUPA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/suelosandinos/items/SVGUPUPA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1990324, "username": "sjvanek", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sjvanek", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Reijnders", "parsedDate": "2014-12", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "SVGUPUPA", "version": 32, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Phosphorus resources, their depletion and conservation, a review", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L.", "lastName": "Reijnders" } ], "abstractNote": "Yearly, about 22 x 10(12) g phosphorus (P) from mined fossil phosphate resources are added to the world economy. The size of remaining fossil phosphate resources is uncertain but practically finite. Thus, fossil P resources may become depleted by ongoing mining. Despite calls for resource conservation, fossil P resources have been depleted at an increasing rate. Geographically, fossil P supply and demand are distributed in an increasingly uneven way, which has geopolitical consequences and may well affect security of supply. Current use of P gives rise to negative environmental impacts due to P losses from the economy and contaminants derived from fossil P resources. There may also be negative impacts on human health. Reducing the demand for fossil phosphorus may reduce environmental burdens and may improve the future security of supply. Technically speaking, there is much scope for the reduction of current demand for fossil P resources. Limiting consumption of P to essential uses, increased efficiency of agricultural use and increased recycling of P may substantially contribute to the reduction of demand for fossil P resources. Recycling of P has to face concerns regarding the efficiency of P recovery, pathogenic organisms and contaminating substances. Much work remains to be done to effectively address those concerns. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "publicationTitle": "Resources Conservation and Recycling", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "DEC 2014", "volume": "93", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "32-49", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.resconrec.2014.09.006", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0921-3449", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000347594000004", "tags": [], "collections": [ "M4HXBWKR" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z" } }, { "key": "VSCMMIUT", "version": 32, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 344589, "name": "SuelosAndinos", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/suelosandinos", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/344589/items/VSCMMIUT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/suelosandinos/items/VSCMMIUT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1990324, "username": "sjvanek", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sjvanek", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ostrom", "parsedDate": "2009-07-24", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "VSCMMIUT", "version": 32, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A General Framework for Analyzing Sustainability of Social-Ecological Systems", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Elinor", "lastName": "Ostrom" } ], "abstractNote": "A major problem worldwide is the potential loss of fisheries, forests, and water resources. Understanding of the processes that lead to improvements in or deterioration of natural resources is limited, because scientific disciplines use different concepts and languages to describe and explain complex social-ecological systems (SESs). Without a common framework to organize findings, isolated knowledge does not cumulate. Until recently, accepted theory has assumed that resource users will never self-organize to maintain their resources and that governments must impose solutions. Research in multiple disciplines, however, has found that some government policies accelerate resource destruction, whereas some resource users have invested their time and energy to achieve sustainability. A general framework is used to identify 10 subsystem variables that affect the likelihood of self-organization in efforts to achieve a sustainable SES.", "publicationTitle": "Science", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "JUL 24 2009", "volume": "325", "issue": "5939", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "419-422", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1126/science.1172133", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0036-8075", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000268255100041", "tags": [], "collections": [ "M4HXBWKR" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z" } }, { "key": "EEUPKINJ", "version": 32, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 344589, "name": "SuelosAndinos", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/suelosandinos", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/344589/items/EEUPKINJ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/suelosandinos/items/EEUPKINJ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1990324, "username": "sjvanek", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sjvanek", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kessler and Stroosnijder", "parsedDate": "2006-06", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "EEUPKINJ", "version": 32, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Land degradation assessment by farmers in Bolivian mountain valleys", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C. A.", "lastName": "Kessler" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L.", "lastName": "Stroosnijder" } ], "abstractNote": "A methodology is presented for assessing the seriousness and impact of land degradation, from a historical and a fanner perspective, in regions where data are not available. Farmers have been directly involved in the assessment of soil, productivity and vegetation cover loss over the past decades, both on cropland and on rangeland. The results for the Bolivian mountain valleys in north Chuquisaca show that the intensive use of small cropland fields has increased soil degradation and consequently led to less water and nutrient availability. Due to the subsequent productivity loss many cropland fields have been abandoned. Rangeland is also severely degraded as a result of the excessive removal of vegetation and subsequent soil loss. Farmers are very concerned, but consider the impact of changed rainfall and less available cropland beyond their control. Consequently, no serious initiatives are taken to solve the land degradation problem. This research adduces evidence of increased land degradation in the Bolivian mountain valleys over recent decades, and stresses the need for urgent (integrated) action with regard to soil and water conservation: Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.", "publicationTitle": "Land Degradation & Development", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "MAY-JUN 2006", "volume": "17", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "235-248", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1002/ldr.699", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1085-3278", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000238455400001", "tags": [], "collections": [ "M4HXBWKR" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z" } }, { "key": "NCJ4K6D8", "version": 32, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 344589, "name": "SuelosAndinos", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/suelosandinos", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/344589/items/NCJ4K6D8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/suelosandinos/items/NCJ4K6D8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1990324, "username": "sjvanek", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sjvanek", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "GOLAND", "parsedDate": "1993-11", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "NCJ4K6D8", "version": 32, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "FIELD SCATTERING AS AGRICULTURAL RISK MANAGEMENT - A CASE-STUDY FROM CUYO-CUYO, DEPARTMENT OF PUNO, PERU", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C.", "lastName": "GOLAND" } ], "abstractNote": "A risk minimization model is applied to a case study on the eastern Andean escarpment of southern Peru to evaluate the costs and benefits associated with field scattering in peasant agriculture. Farmers in Cuyo Cuyo plant up to twenty dispersed fields each year. Total landholdings for a typical family are small: less than one-half hectare is planted each year. Agricultural inputs, especially labor and fertilizers, are large, and yields vary dramatically across plots. Only a small proportion of the variance in crop yields can be explained by characteristics of fields (i.e., altitude) or the production factors under the control of household management (i.e., labor inputs). Stochastic environmental factors are responsible for the greatest part of production variance. The risk reduction model examines the mean and variance of yield obtained by cultivating different numbers of dispersed fields. Net yields are reduced 7% on average by the additional travel and transport required to tend dispersed plots. However, as additional fields are added to the household's land portfolio, aggregate production variance and the risk of failing to meet minimum needs are reduced. Pooling harvests of dispersed fields buffers households from production shortfalls in an environment characterized by temporally and spatially unpredictable microclimatic and agroecological factors.", "publicationTitle": "Mountain Research and Development", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "NOV 1993", "volume": "13", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "317-338", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.2307/3673760", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0276-4741", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:A1993MM30300001", "tags": [], "collections": [ "M4HXBWKR" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z" } }, { "key": "DEWBPQ7S", "version": 32, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 344589, "name": "SuelosAndinos", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/suelosandinos", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/344589/items/DEWBPQ7S", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/suelosandinos/items/DEWBPQ7S", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1990324, "username": "sjvanek", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sjvanek", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Giller et al.", "parsedDate": "2006-04", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "DEWBPQ7S", "version": 32, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Resource use dynamics and interactions in the tropics: Scaling up in space and time", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K. E.", "lastName": "Giller" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E. C.", "lastName": "Rowe" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N.", "lastName": "de Ridder" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H.", "lastName": "van Keulen" } ], "abstractNote": "We discuss the temporal and spatial dynamics of nutrient resources and water within cropping and livestock systems, their interactions and those with other resources such as labour. Shortterm dynamics (within season) revolve around nutrient availability and losses as a function of soil moisture dynamics. Longer-term effects (multiple seasons and years) are related to residual effects of crop management in successive seasons and to changes in soil organic matter contents. Spatial patterns of resource use are consistent across different tropical farming systems. Farmers preferentially allocate manure, mineral fertilizers and labour to fields close to the homestead, resulting in strong negative soil fertility gradients away from the homestead. Livestock are the central means of concentration of nutrients within farming systems, resulting in their inequitable redistribution from common lands and poorer households to richer households. Productivity gains achieved by concentration on home plots are at the expense of long-term declining productivity on remote fields. Restricted availability of inputs leads to a form of self-organization resulting in repeating patterns of farm organization that are recognisable across sub-Saharan Africa. Principles for enhancing allocation efficiency of scarce resources are required that address the dynamics of interacting temporal and spatial scales. Managed variability that creates gradients of soil fertility can have major effects on resource use efficiency of both nutrients and water, necessitating analysis of trade-offs at farm scale. Investment decisions of farming families are shaped through complex interactions among competing demands for investment of cash and labour within and beyond farm boundaries. Combinations of socio-economic and agro-ecological conditions can provide windows of opportunity in both time and space that favour investment in particular forms of management. Past research provides a vast array of technologies to improve agricultural production, and understanding of the underlying processes. A research framework is proposed representing farm systems as sets of interacting components. This framework can be used ex-ante, to assist in targeting technologies to specific types of farmers, and for identification of more appropriate technologies. It can be used to explore short and long-term trade-offs of management strategies and to evaluate effects of policy on farms varying in resource endowment. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.", "publicationTitle": "Agricultural Systems", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "APR 2006", "volume": "88", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "8-27", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.agsy.2005.06.016", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0308-521X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000235506900002", "tags": [], "collections": [ "M4HXBWKR" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z" } }, { "key": "XCRDPXZU", "version": 32, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 344589, "name": "SuelosAndinos", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/suelosandinos", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/344589/items/XCRDPXZU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/suelosandinos/items/XCRDPXZU", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1990324, "username": "sjvanek", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sjvanek", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Carpenter et al.", "parsedDate": "2001-12", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "XCRDPXZU", "version": 32, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "From metaphor to measurement: Resilience of what to what?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S", "lastName": "Carpenter" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B", "lastName": "Walker" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "JM", "lastName": "Anderies" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N", "lastName": "Abel" } ], "abstractNote": "Resilience is the magnitude of disturbance that can be tolerated before a socioecological system (SES) moves to a different region of state space controlled by a different set of processes. Resilience has multiple levels of meaning: as a metaphor related to sustainability, as a property of dynamic models, and as a measurable quantity that can be assessed in field studies of SES. The operational indicators of resilience have, however, received little attention in the literature. To assess a system's resilience, one must specify which system configuration and which disturbances are of interest. This paper compares resilience properties in two contrasting SES, lake districts and rangelands, with respect to the following three general features: (a) The ability of an SES to stay in the domain of attraction is related to slowly changing variables, or slowly changing disturbance regimes, which control the boundaries of the domain of attraction or the frequency of events that Could Push the system across the boundaries. Examples are soil phosphorus content in lake districts woody vegetation cover in rangelands, and property rights systems that affect land use in both lake districts and rangelands, (b) The ability of an SES to self-organize is related to the extent to which reorganization is endogenous rather than forced by external drivers. Self-organization is enhanced by coevolved ecosystem components and the presence of social networks that facilitate innovative problem solving. (c) The adaptive capacity of an SES is related to the existence of mechanisms for the evolution of novelty or learning. Examples include biodiversity at multiple scales and the existence of institutions that facilitate experimentation, discovery, and innovation.", "publicationTitle": "ECOSYSTEMS", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "December 2001", "volume": "4", "issue": "8", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "765-781", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1007/s10021-001-0045-9", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1432-9840", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "M4HXBWKR" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z" } }, { "key": "BB9VDZS8", "version": 32, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 344589, "name": "SuelosAndinos", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/suelosandinos", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/344589/items/BB9VDZS8", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/suelosandinos/items/BB9VDZS8", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1990324, "username": "sjvanek", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sjvanek", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "WinklerPrins and Sandor", "parsedDate": "2003-02", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BB9VDZS8", "version": 32, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Local soil knowledge: insights, applications, and challenges - Preface", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "AMGA", "lastName": "WinklerPrins" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J. A.", "lastName": "Sandor" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Geoderma", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "FEB 2003", "volume": "111", "issue": "3-4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "165-170", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/S0016-7061(02)00262-8", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0016-7061", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000180439400001", "tags": [], "collections": [ "M4HXBWKR" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z" } }, { "key": "QAJV3K44", "version": 32, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 344589, "name": "SuelosAndinos", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/suelosandinos", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/344589/items/QAJV3K44", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/suelosandinos/items/QAJV3K44", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1990324, "username": "sjvanek", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sjvanek", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Schreinemachers et al.", "parsedDate": "2007-12-15", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "QAJV3K44", "version": 32, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Simulating soil fertility and poverty dynamics in Uganda: A bio-economic multi-agent systems approach", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Pepijn", "lastName": "Schreinemachers" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Thomas", "lastName": "Berger" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jens B.", "lastName": "Aune" } ], "abstractNote": "Declining soil fertility and increasing rural poverty are major problems facing sub-Saharan agriculture. Bio-economic modeling has been used to analyze the complex interaction between ecological sustainability and rural poverty as well as to explore policy options promoting sustainable development. This paper shows that these models can be further advanced by adopting an agent-based modeling approach. This gives a more realistic representation of diversity in socioeconomic and biophysical terms, allows local interaction between households, and can yield an ex-ante assessment of the distributional consequences of policy intervention. This paper describes the modeling approach and illustrates it with an empirical application to two village communities in the Lake Victoria Crescent of Uganda. It is shown how the model system can be calibrated with and validated against empirical data. The model is used to analyze the potential effect of short-term credit, mineral fertilizer, and improved maize seed on poverty and sustainability. Simulation results suggest substantial reductions in poverty although the incidence of poverty would remain high and these innovations alone would have little effect on the long-term ecological sustainability of the system. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "publicationTitle": "Ecological Economics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "DEC 15 2007", "volume": "64", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "387-401", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.07.018", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0921-8009", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000252264600015", "tags": [], "collections": [ "M4HXBWKR" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z" } }, { "key": "H47K6GZ7", "version": 32, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 344589, "name": "SuelosAndinos", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/suelosandinos", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/344589/items/H47K6GZ7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/suelosandinos/items/H47K6GZ7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1990324, "username": "sjvanek", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sjvanek", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ostrom", "parsedDate": "2008-08", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "H47K6GZ7", "version": 32, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The challenge of common-pool resources", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Elinor", "lastName": "Ostrom" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Environment", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "JUL-AUG 2008", "volume": "50", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "8-20", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.3200/ENVT.50.4.8-21", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0013-9157", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000257635600003", "tags": [], "collections": [ "M4HXBWKR" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z" } }, { "key": "KQDKNDBX", "version": 32, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 344589, "name": "SuelosAndinos", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/suelosandinos", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/344589/items/KQDKNDBX", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/suelosandinos/items/KQDKNDBX", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1990324, "username": "sjvanek", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sjvanek", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Mwangi and Ostrom", "parsedDate": "2009-02", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "KQDKNDBX", "version": 32, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "TOP-DOWN SOLUTIONS: LOOKING UP FROM EAST AFRICA'S RANGELANDS", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Esther", "lastName": "Mwangi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Elinor", "lastName": "Ostrom" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Environment", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "JAN-FEB 2009", "volume": "51", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "34-44", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0013-9157", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000262345600006", "tags": [], "collections": [ "M4HXBWKR" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z" } }, { "key": "64ZTTN6E", "version": 32, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 344589, "name": "SuelosAndinos", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/suelosandinos", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/344589/items/64ZTTN6E", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/suelosandinos/items/64ZTTN6E", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1990324, "username": "sjvanek", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sjvanek", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kessler and Stroosnijder", "parsedDate": "2010-10", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "64ZTTN6E", "version": 32, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "DEBATING LAND DEGRADATION: STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT FOR BOLIVIAN MOUNTAIN VALLEYS", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Kessler" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L.", "lastName": "Stroosnijder" } ], "abstractNote": "A debate on response strategies to rural poverty and land degradation has relevance for the core business of this journal. Based on extensive fieldwork in the mountain valleys of Chuquisaca, Bolivia, this paper discusses farming and migration in the region, and elaborates on the required components of a strategy to tackle land degradation. We argue that collective action at the micro meso level is essential to lay the foundation for development activities and to reduce survival-driven migration rates. In order to actually change farmers into adaptive co-managers of their natural resources it is also necessary to create enabling conditions at meso-macro level. However, given the current context in Bolivia, the prospects for reducing land degradation are not good. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.", "publicationTitle": "Land Degradation & Development", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "SEP-OCT 2010", "volume": "21", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "480-483", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1002/ldr.986", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1085-3278", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000283761000008", "tags": [], "collections": [ "M4HXBWKR" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z" } }, { "key": "CF6F9BJF", "version": 32, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 344589, "name": "SuelosAndinos", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/suelosandinos", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/344589/items/CF6F9BJF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/suelosandinos/items/CF6F9BJF", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1990324, "username": "sjvanek", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sjvanek", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Barrios and Trejo", "parsedDate": "2003-02", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "CF6F9BJF", "version": 32, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Implications of local soil knowledge for integrated soil management in Latin America", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E.", "lastName": "Barrios" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. T.", "lastName": "Trejo" } ], "abstractNote": "The increasing attention paid to local soil knowledge in recent years is the result of a greater recognition that the knowledge of people who have been interacting with their soils for long time can offer many insights about the sustainable management of tropical soils. This paper describes two approaches in the process of eliciting local information. Case studies show that there is a consistent rational basis to the use of local indicators of soil quality and their relation to improved soil management. The participatory process used is shown to have considerable potential in facilitating farmer consensus about which soil-related constraints should be tackled first. Consensus building is presented as an important step prior to collective action by farming communities in integrated soil management at the landscape scale. Taking advantage of the complementary nature of local and scientific knowledge is highlighted as an overall strategy for sustainable soil management. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.", "publicationTitle": "Geoderma", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "FEB 2003", "volume": "111", "issue": "3-4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "217-231", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1016/S0016-7061(02)00265-3", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0016-7061", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "WOS:000180439400004", "tags": [], "collections": [ "M4HXBWKR" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z" } }, { "key": "9V4TNQ6N", "version": 32, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 344589, "name": "SuelosAndinos", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/suelosandinos", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/344589/items/9V4TNQ6N", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/suelosandinos/items/9V4TNQ6N", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1990324, "username": "sjvanek", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/sjvanek", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Achard and Banoin", "parsedDate": "2003-02", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "9V4TNQ6N", "version": 32, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Fallows, forage production and nutrient transfers by livestock in Niger", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "F", "lastName": "Achard" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M", "lastName": "Banoin" } ], "abstractNote": "In southwest Niger, West Africa, fallows contribute little to crop land fertility restoration through crop and fallow cycles, because of their short duration and the intensity of their use as a source for forage. However, they indirectly play an important role in crop land fertility, because they form the origin of a large part of livestock-mediated nutrient transfers from rangelands to crop lands, at least for households owning large herds. This study was carried out in the village of Ticko, where forage resources originated from crop residues on fields during the dry season, and from plateau and fallow rangelands throughout the whole year. Fallow areas comprised 23% of the grazing resources. Their forage production was relatively low: 1903 kg DM ha(-1) on average, during the period 1996-2000, but they provided 38% of the palatable forage resources. Fields are manured every 5 years by night corralling of livestock on crop land. The average amounts of manure deposited on manured areas were 10.5 t DM ha(-1) yr(-1). Despite a stocking rate of 24 Tropical Livestock Units (TLU) km(-2) (250 kg liveweight), equal to the carrying capacity, manured areas comprised only 9% of all crop lands. In total 394 t DM of manure was transferred from natural grazing areas and non-manured crop lands to manured fields, 62.5% originating from fallow areas and 31.5% from non-manured crop lands. This leads in the medium term to a decrease in fertility of a large part of the fields owned by farmers and smallholder agro-pastoralists. Consequently, if this trend continues the system is not sustainable in the long term.", "publicationTitle": "NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "February 2003", "volume": "65", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "183-189", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1023/A:1022111117516", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1385-1314", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "M4HXBWKR" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z", "dateModified": "2015-11-04T05:22:25Z" } } ]