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These so-called CGE-MS models enjoy a growing interest because they build a bridge between macro- and microeconomic analyses. This paper focuses on the „top-down? approach. In this context, the CGE model is used to simulate the changes at the macroeconomic level after the policy change, which are then passed on to the MS model. The aim of this paper is to compare the „top-down? approach introduced by Bourguignon et al. (2003) based on a behavioural MS model with an alternative and simpler approach making use of a non-behavioural MS model in combination with a reweighting procedure. Both approaches are presented and applications are provided using South African data. We compare the results obtained with both approaches for a typical simulation of the impact of trade liberalisation on income distribution. The reweighting approach introduces a small bias in the results, however without modifying the main conclusions. This is an indication that, given its relative simplicity compared to the behavioural approach, the reweighting approach can constitute a good alternative when data or time constraints do not allow the use of the behavioural approach and when the interest does not lie in the production of individual-level transition matrices.", "publicationTitle": "International Journal of Microsimulation", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2010", "volume": "3", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "35-42", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://ideas.repec.org/a/ijm/journl/v3y2010i1p35-42.html", "accessDate": "2014-11-27T11:52:08Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Sequential linking of Computable General Equilibrium and microsimulation models", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "RePEc - IDEAS", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "South Africa", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "computable general equilibrium model", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "income distribution", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "microsimulation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "trade liberalisation", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "E6TVPET4" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-14T14:01:54Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-14T14:01:54Z" } }, { "key": "6G8JCEXS", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 343976, "name": "Microsimulation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microsimulation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/343976/items/6G8JCEXS", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microsimulation/items/6G8JCEXS", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 987510, "username": "simone.schotte", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/simone.schotte", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bussolo and Lay", "parsedDate": "2005", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "6G8JCEXS", "version": 2, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "Globalisation and poverty changes in Colombia", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Maurizio", "lastName": "Bussolo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jann", "lastName": "Lay" } ], "abstractNote": "", "bookTitle": "M. Bussolo and J.R. Round, eds., Globalisation and Poverty: Channels and Policy Responses", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2005", "publisher": "Routledge", "place": "London", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "E6TVPET4" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-14T14:01:54Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-14T14:01:54Z" } }, { "key": "8B4I3A9D", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 343976, "name": "Microsimulation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microsimulation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/343976/items/8B4I3A9D", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microsimulation/items/8B4I3A9D", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 987510, "username": "simone.schotte", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/simone.schotte", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Atlas and Bourguignon", "parsedDate": "2005", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "8B4I3A9D", "version": 2, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "The evolution of income distribution during Indonesia's fast growth, 1980-96", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Vivi", "lastName": "Atlas" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "François", "lastName": "Bourguignon" } ], "abstractNote": "", "bookTitle": "F. Bourguignon, F.H.G. Ferreira, and N. Lustig, eds., The Microeconomics of Income Distribution Dynamics, World Bank, Washington, DC and Oxford University Press, New York.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2005", "publisher": "", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "E6TVPET4" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-14T14:01:54Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-14T14:01:54Z" } }, { "key": "GB7A24AU", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 343976, "name": "Microsimulation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microsimulation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/343976/items/GB7A24AU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microsimulation/items/GB7A24AU", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 987510, "username": "simone.schotte", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/simone.schotte", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Colombo", "parsedDate": "2010", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "GB7A24AU", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Linking CGE and microsimulation models: a comparison of different approaches", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Giulia", "lastName": "Colombo" } ], "abstractNote": "In the literature that studies income inequality and poverty, a recent development has been the development of models that link together a macroeconomic model (usually a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model) and a microsimulation model. Linking the two types of model allows the modeller to take into account full agents? heterogeneity, whilst at the same time considering the general equilibrium effects of a proposed policy reform. In this paper, I first review in detail three approaches to building linked CGE-microsimulation models: one in accordance with the fully integrated approach, and two following the layered approach (the so-called Top-Down and Top-Down/Bottom-Up approaches). The principal goal of the paper is to present a considered evaluation of the merits and demerits of these alternative methods currently used to link CGE and microsimulation models. To do so I use all three approaches to model the macro- and micro-economic impacts of a policy shock to an archetypical economy (constructed using fictitious data), and compare the results. This analysis highlights the importance of (i) consistency between the underlying macro- and micro-data; and (ii) the precise mechanisms by which feedback effects are passed between the macro and micro models. I develop this latter point further by detailed analysis of the TD/BU approach outlined by Savard (2003), leading to a proposed refinement in the way that feedback effects from the micro level of analysis are incorporated back into the CGE model.", "publicationTitle": "International Journal of Microsimulation", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2010", "volume": "3", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "72-91", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://ideas.repec.org/a/ijm/journl/v3y2010i1p72-91.html", "accessDate": "2014-11-27T11:00:15Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Linking CGE and microsimulation models", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "RePEc - IDEAS", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "E6TVPET4" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-14T14:01:54Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-14T14:01:54Z" } }, { "key": "BVAGQNXB", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 343976, "name": "Microsimulation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microsimulation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/343976/items/BVAGQNXB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microsimulation/items/BVAGQNXB", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 987510, "username": "simone.schotte", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/simone.schotte", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lay", "parsedDate": "2010", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BVAGQNXB", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Sequential macro-micro modelling with behavioural microsimulations", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jann", "lastName": "Lay" } ], "abstractNote": "This paper presents a sequential methodology that combines a macroeconomic CGE model with a behavioural microsimulation, illustrates the approach with applications, and discusses its merits and shortcomings. The microsimulation, based on a household income generation model, allows for incorporating individual fixed effects into macro-micro analysis. We argue that one of the main merits of the sequential approach is its flexibility. However, this flexibility comes at the cost of theoretical inconsistency.", "publicationTitle": "International Journal of Microsimulation", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2010", "volume": "3", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "24-34", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://ideas.repec.org/a/ijm/journl/v3y2010i1p24-34.html", "accessDate": "2014-11-27T10:59:28Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "RePEc - IDEAS", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "CGE model", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "applied model", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "behavioural microsimulation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "developing countries", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "E6TVPET4" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-14T14:01:54Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-14T14:01:54Z" } }, { "key": "CKSG5AZH", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 343976, "name": "Microsimulation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microsimulation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/343976/items/CKSG5AZH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microsimulation/items/CKSG5AZH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 987510, "username": "simone.schotte", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/simone.schotte", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bourguignon et al.", "parsedDate": "2003", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "CKSG5AZH", "version": 2, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "Representative versus real households in the macro-economic modeling of inequality", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "François", "lastName": "Bourguignon" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Anne-Sophie", "lastName": "Robilliard" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sherman", "lastName": "Robinson" } ], "abstractNote": "", "bookTitle": "T. Kehoe, T. N. Srinivasan, and J. Whalley (Eds.) Frontiers on Applied General Equilibrium Modeling: Essays in Honor of Herbert Scarf", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2003", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "place": "Combridge, UK", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "219-254", "ISBN": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "E6TVPET4" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-14T14:01:54Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-14T14:01:54Z" } }, { "key": "5P8KS7ZA", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 343976, "name": "Microsimulation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microsimulation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/343976/items/5P8KS7ZA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microsimulation/items/5P8KS7ZA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 987510, "username": "simone.schotte", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/simone.schotte", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Spadaro", "parsedDate": "2007", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "5P8KS7ZA", "version": 2, "itemType": "report", "title": "Microsimulation as Tool for the Evaluation of Public Policies: Methods and Applications", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Amedeo", "lastName": "Spadaro" } ], "abstractNote": "Microsimulation as a Tool for the Evaluation of Public Policies: Methods and Applications brings together the contributions of the experts participating in the international workshop of the same name, supported by the BBVA Foundation. This was also the occasion for the public presentation of SimFundaciónBBVA, a microsimulation tool for predicting the future effects on the Spanish population of changes in the taxation system, with particular reference to personal income tax.Those interested can access this tool on the Foundation website. The book explains the theoretical foundations of microsimulation as a microeconometric technique for the evaluation of public policy. Based on the representation of individuals behavior when confronted with real or hypothetical changes in their economic or institutional environment, microsimulation techniques work with extremely rich and accurate models to predict the impact of a given policy on a sample of individuals, households or businesses representing the population as a whole. Its chapters take the reader through some concrete applications of models developed in Spain, Italy and Norway, dealing with healthcare, energy, tax and agricultural fields, international trade and, even, supranational policies to combat poverty.Microsimulation models, with their power to evaluate different scenarios on an ex-ante basis, can contribute to more efficient public policies, providing valuable input for decision making. Provider_Name: Fundacion BBVA / BBVA Foundation", "reportNumber": "", "reportType": "Books", "institution": "Fundacion BBVA / BBVA Foundation", "place": "", "date": "2007", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://econpapers.repec.org/bookchap/fbbbooklb/201169.htm", "accessDate": "2014-11-27T10:13:57Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Microsimulation as Tool for the Evaluation of Public Policies", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "RePEc - Econpapers", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "E6TVPET4" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-14T14:01:54Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-14T14:01:54Z" } }, { "key": "DM3X5ERJ", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 343976, "name": "Microsimulation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microsimulation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/343976/items/DM3X5ERJ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microsimulation/items/DM3X5ERJ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 987510, "username": "simone.schotte", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/simone.schotte", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Singh and Mohl", "parsedDate": "1996", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "DM3X5ERJ", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Understanding calibration estimators in survey sampling", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A. C.", "lastName": "Singh" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C. A.", "lastName": "Mohl" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Survey Methodology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1996", "volume": "", "issue": "22", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "107-115", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "E6TVPET4" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-14T14:01:54Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-14T14:01:54Z" } }, { "key": "K4MN32CF", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 343976, "name": "Microsimulation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microsimulation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/343976/items/K4MN32CF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microsimulation/items/K4MN32CF", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 987510, "username": "simone.schotte", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/simone.schotte", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Daniels et al.", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "K4MN32CF", "version": 2, "itemType": "book", "title": "Wealth in the National Income Dynamics Study Wave 2", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Reza C", "lastName": "Daniels" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Arden", "lastName": "Finn" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sibongile", "lastName": "Musundwa" }, { "creatorType": "author", "name": "University of Cape Town" }, { "creatorType": "author", "name": "Southern Africa Labour and Development Research Unit" }, { "creatorType": "author", "name": "University of Cape Town" }, { "creatorType": "author", "name": "National Income Dynamics Study" } ], "abstractNote": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2012", "publisher": "Southern Africa Labour and Development Research Unit", "place": "Cape Town", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "", "ISBN": "9781920517243 1920517243", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "Open WorldCat", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "EKC47DVJ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-14T14:01:54Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-14T14:01:54Z" } }, { "key": "88T6DK9N", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 343976, "name": "Microsimulation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microsimulation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/343976/items/88T6DK9N", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microsimulation/items/88T6DK9N", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 987510, "username": "simone.schotte", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/simone.schotte", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Branson and Wittenberg", "parsedDate": "2014-03-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "88T6DK9N", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Reweighting South African National Household Survey Data to Create a Consistent Series Over Time: A Cross-Entropy Estimation Approach", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nicola", "lastName": "Branson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Martin", "lastName": "Wittenberg" } ], "abstractNote": "In the absence of established longitudinal panel surveys in South Africa, national cross-sectional household survey data are frequently used to analyse change. When these data are stacked side by side, however, inconsistencies both in time trends and between household- and person-level data are found. This study uses a new set of weights calibrated to the Actuarial Society of South Africa 2003 model projected totals using a cross-entropy estimation approach. These weights are favoured because they produce consistent demographic and geographic trends. The calculated weights are similar to the initial sample weights (and hence retain the survey design benefits) but match to a series of age-sex-race and province marginal totals that are consistent over time. The weights are publicly available for the 14-year period between 1994 and 2007.", "publicationTitle": "South African Journal of Economics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "March 1, 2014", "volume": "82", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "19-38", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "S Afr J Econ", "DOI": "10.1111/saje.12017", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/saje.12017/abstract", "accessDate": "2015-02-27T11:51:44Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1813-6982", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Reweighting South African National Household Survey Data to Create a Consistent Series Over Time", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "© 2013 Economic Society of South Africa", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "C81", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "C83", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "General Household Survey", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "J11", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Labour Force Survey", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "October Household Survey", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Post-stratification", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "South Africa", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cross-entropy", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "EKC47DVJ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-14T14:01:54Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-14T14:01:54Z" } }, { "key": "9XS2P99C", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 343976, "name": "Microsimulation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microsimulation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/343976/items/9XS2P99C", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microsimulation/items/9XS2P99C", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 987510, "username": "simone.schotte", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/simone.schotte", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Finn et al.", "parsedDate": "2014-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "9XS2P99C", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Income mobility in a high-inequality society: Evidence from the first two waves of the National Income Dynamics Study", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Arden", "lastName": "Finn" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Murray", "lastName": "Leibbrandt" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "James", "lastName": "Levinsohn" } ], "abstractNote": "The study of income inequality and income mobility has been central to understanding post-apartheid South Africa's development. This paper uses the first two waves of the National Income Dynamics Study to analyse income mobility using longitudinal data, and is the first to do so at a nationally representative level. We investigate both the correlates and root causes of moving up and down the income distribution over time. Using both absolute and relative changes as reference points, we highlight some of the factors associated with South Africans moving into and out of poverty.", "publicationTitle": "Development Southern Africa", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "January 2014", "volume": "31", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "16-30", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Development Southern Africa", "DOI": "10.1080/0376835X.2013.851021", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0376835X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Income mobility in a high-inequality society", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "DATA analysis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "LABOR market", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "NATIONAL income", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "SOUTH Africa -- Economic conditions", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "absolute transitions", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "economic development", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "income distribution", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "income mobility", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "labour-market outcomes", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "poverty persistence", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "relative transitions", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "EKC47DVJ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-14T14:01:54Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-14T14:01:54Z" } }, { "key": "E2RR32GB", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 343976, "name": "Microsimulation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microsimulation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/343976/items/E2RR32GB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microsimulation/items/E2RR32GB", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 987510, "username": "simone.schotte", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/simone.schotte", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Finn et al.", "parsedDate": "2009", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "E2RR32GB", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Income and expenditure inequality: Analysis of the NIDS Wave 1 dataset", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A.", "lastName": "Finn" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Leibbrandt" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "I.", "lastName": "Woolard" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "National Income Dynamics Study, NiDS Discussion Paper", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2009", "volume": "", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Income and expenditure inequality", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "EKC47DVJ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-14T14:01:54Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-14T14:01:54Z" } }, { "key": "JN4J5KR7", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 343976, "name": "Microsimulation", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microsimulation", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/343976/items/JN4J5KR7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/microsimulation/items/JN4J5KR7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 987510, "username": "simone.schotte", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/simone.schotte", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Branson and Leibbrandt", "parsedDate": "2013-02-19", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "JN4J5KR7", "version": 2, "itemType": "report", "title": "Educational Attainment and Labour Market Outcomes in South Africa, 1994-2010", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nicola", "lastName": "Branson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Murray", "lastName": "Leibbrandt" } ], "abstractNote": "In this paper we document the impact of education levels on labour market outcomes from 1994 to 2010 using national household survey data. We show that higher levels of education are strongly rewarded in the labour market in terms of earnings and that a tertiary qualification improves an individual’s prospects of employment. While the premium for matric and incomplete secondary has fallen marginally over the period, the premium to tertiary has risen, especially for women. Differences in the reward to education level are evident for Africans versus the overall population, between urban and rural areas and for younger versus older workers. In particular, the premium to tertiary education has increased at a higher rate for Africans than for the overall population.", "reportNumber": "", "reportType": "OECD Economics Department Working Papers", "institution": "Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development", "place": "Paris", "date": "Feb 19 2013", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/content/workingpaper/5k4c0vvbvv0q-en", "accessDate": "2015-02-27T10:40:12Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "OECD", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Employment", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "South Africa", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "earnings", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "education", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "national household survey data", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "EKC47DVJ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-14T14:01:54Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-14T14:01:54Z" } } ]