[ { "key": "R7Z9SZ95", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 343917, "name": "raulelpichichi", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/343917/items/R7Z9SZ95", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi/items/R7Z9SZ95", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2426663, "username": "albertfaus", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/albertfaus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Capostagno et al.", "parsedDate": "2013-07-22", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "R7Z9SZ95", "version": 5, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Standardized vs. Customized High-Intensity Training: Effects on Cycling Performance", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Benoit", "lastName": "Capostagno" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael I", "lastName": "Lambert" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert P", "lastName": "Lamberts" } ], "abstractNote": "Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a sub-maximal cycling test could be used to monitor and prescribe high-intensity interval training (HIT). Methods: Two groups of male cyclists completed four HIT sessions over a two week period. The Structured training Group (SG; n = 8, VO2max = 58.4 ± 4.2 ml.min-1.kg-1) followed a predetermined training programme while the Flexible training Group (FG; n = 7, VO2max = 53.9 ± 5.0 ml.min-1.kg-1) had the timing of their HIT sessions prescribed based on the data of the Lamberts and Lambert Sub-maximal Cycle Test (LSCT). Results: Effect size calculations showed 'large' differences in the improvements in 40kmTT performance following the HIT training between SG (8 ± 45 s) and FG (48 ± 42 s). Heart rate recovery, monitored during the study, tended to increase in FG and remain unchanged in SG. Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that the LSCT may be a useful tool for coaches to monitor and prescribe high-intensity training.;", "publicationTitle": "International Journal Of Sports Physiology And Performance", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "juliol 22, 2013", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "International Journal Of Sports Physiology And Performance", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1555-0265", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "23881116", "shortTitle": "Standardized vs. Customized High-Intensity Training", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "23881116", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-14T10:24:41Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-14T10:24:41Z" } }, { "key": "A74WVTFH", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 343917, "name": "raulelpichichi", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/343917/items/A74WVTFH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi/items/A74WVTFH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2426663, "username": "albertfaus", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/albertfaus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Louis et al.", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "A74WVTFH", "version": 5, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Strength training improves cycling efficiency in master endurance athletes", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Julien", "lastName": "Louis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christophe", "lastName": "Hausswirth" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christopher", "lastName": "Easthope" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jeanick", "lastName": "Brisswalter" } ], "abstractNote": "The purpose of this study was to test the effect of a 3-week strength training program of knee extensor muscles on cycling delta efficiency in master endurance athletes. Nine master (age 51.5 ± 5.5 years) and 8 young (age 25.6 ± 5.9 years) endurance athletes with similar training levels participated in this study. During three consecutive weeks, all the subjects were engaged in a strength training program of the knee extensor muscles. Every week, they performed three training sessions consist of 10 × 10 knee extensions at 70% of maximal repetition with 3 min rest between in a leg extension apparatus. Maximal voluntary contraction torque (MVC torque) and force endurance (End) were assessed before, after every completed week of training, and after the program. Delta efficiency (DE) in cycling was evaluated before and after the training period. Before the training period, MVC torque, End, and DE in cycling were significantly lower in masters than in young. The strength training induced a significant improvement in MVC torque in all the subjects, more pronounced in masters (+17.8% in masters vs. +5.9% in young, P < 0.05). DE in cycling also significantly increased after training in masters, whereas it was only a trend in young. A significant correlation ( r = 0.79, P < 0.01) was observed between MVC torque and DE in cycling in masters. The addition of a strength training program for the knee extensor muscles to endurance-only training induced a significant improvement in strength and cycling efficiency in master athletes. This enhancement in muscle performance alleviated all the age-related differences in strength and efficiency. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR", "publicationTitle": "European Journal of Applied Physiology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "gener 15, 2012", "volume": "112", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "631-640", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "European Journal of Applied Physiology", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "14396319", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "70330983", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "*ATHLETES -- Training of", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*CYCLING -- Physiological aspects", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*ENDURANCE athletes", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*MUSCLE contraction -- Regulation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*STRENGTH training", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Delta efficiency", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Maximal voluntary contraction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Muscle performance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "RESEARCH", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-14T10:24:41Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-14T10:24:41Z" } }, { "key": "CW5NMRXH", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 343917, "name": "raulelpichichi", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/343917/items/CW5NMRXH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi/items/CW5NMRXH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2426663, "username": "albertfaus", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/albertfaus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Jobson et al.", "parsedDate": "2009-10", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "CW5NMRXH", "version": 5, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Analysis and Utilization of Cycling Training Data", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Simon A.", "lastName": "Jobson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Louis", "lastName": "Passfield" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Greg", "lastName": "Atkinson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gabor", "lastName": "Barton" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Philip", "lastName": "Scarf" } ], "abstractNote": "Most mathematical models of athletic training require the quantification of training intensity and quantity or 'dose'. We aim to summarize both the methods available for such quantification, particularly in relation to cycle sport, and the mathematical techniques that may be used to model the relationship between training and performance. Endurance athletes have used training volume (kilometres per week and/or hours per week) as an index of training dose with some success. However, such methods usually fail to accommodate the potentially important influence of training intensity. The scientific literature has provided some support for alternative methods such as the session rating of perceived exertion, which provides a subjective quantification of the intensity of exercise; and the heart rate-derived training impulse (TRIMP) method, which quantifies the training stimulus as a composite of external loading and physiological response, multiplying the training load (stress) by the training intensity (strain). Other methods described in the scientific literature include 'ordinal categorization' and a heart rate-based excess post-exercise oxygen consumption method. In cycle sport, mobile cycle ergometers (e.g. SRM_ and PowerTap_) are now widely available. These devices allow the continuous measurement of the cyclists' work rate (power output) when riding their own bicycles during training and competition. However, the inherent variability in power output when cycling poses several challenges in attempting to evaluate the exact nature of a session. Such variability means that average power output is incommensurate with the cyclist's physiological strain. A useful alternative may be the use of an exponentially weighted averaging process to represent the data as a 'normalized power'. Several research groups have applied systems theory to analyse the responses to physical training. Impulse-response models aim to relate training loads to performance, taking into account the dynamic and temporal characteristics of training and, therefore, the effects of load sequences over time. Despite the successes of this approach it has some significant limitations, e.g. an excessive number of performance tests to determine model parameters. Non-linear artificial neural networks may provide a more accurate description of the complex non-linear biological adaptation process. However, such models may also be constrained by the large number of datasets required to 'train' the model. A number of alternative mathematical approaches such as the Performance- Potential-Metamodel (PerPot), mixed linear modelling, cluster analysis and chaos theory display conceptual richness. However, much further research is required before such approaches can be considered as viable alternatives to traditional impulse-response models. Some of these methods may not provide useful information about the relationship between training and performance. However, they may help describe the complex physiological training response phenomenon. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR", "publicationTitle": "Sports Medicine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "octubre 2009", "volume": "39", "issue": "10", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "833-844", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Sports Medicine", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=44256127&site=ehost-live", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "01121642", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "44256127", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "*ATHLETIC ability -- Testing", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*EQUIPMENT & supplies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*PERFORMANCE evaluation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*PHYSICAL education", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*PHYSICAL fitness", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*TRAINING", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "MATHEMATICAL models", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "MATHEMATICAL statistics", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-14T10:24:41Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-14T10:24:41Z" } }, { "key": "N3B4F93M", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 343917, "name": "raulelpichichi", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/343917/items/N3B4F93M", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi/items/N3B4F93M", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2426663, "username": "albertfaus", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/albertfaus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ganter et al.", "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "N3B4F93M", "version": 5, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Development of Cycling Performance during the Training Program: An Analysis using Dynamical Systems Theory", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nico", "lastName": "Ganter" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kerstin", "lastName": "Witte" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jürgen", "lastName": "Edelmann-Nusser" } ], "abstractNote": "One of the main theories in ecological psychology is the theory of affordances. Affordances are opportunities for action which are provided by the environment in which the action takes place and are action specific. So affordances describe how the environment allows, supports and constrains an action. The idea of studying the affordances can also be applied to sport, in this case to putting in golf, to gain insight into how performance is influenced by the sport specific environment. During tournaments, discrete experiences of players while performing a putt were collected for several rounds at one green. Using the ISOPAR method (Stöckl et al., 2011) all the single experiences of one round of the different players were transformed into a continuous average experience of the field across the whole green. Based on ISOPAR maps we can visualize the affordances and constraints which influenced the field's play. According to the number and the arrangement of the iso-lines on the ISOPAR maps we can identify areas on the green where the play of the field was constrained heavily by gradients on the green's surface and/or distance to the cup. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR", "publicationTitle": "International Journal of Computer Science in Sport", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "maig 2011", "volume": "10", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "5-25", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "International Journal of Computer Science in Sport", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=69882472&site=ehost-live", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "16844769", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The Development of Cycling Performance during the Training Program", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "69882472", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "*CYCLING", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*DYNAMICS", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*GOLF -- Tournaments", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*SPORTS", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "COMPUTER science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS THEORY", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ELECTROMYOGRAPHY", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "SYNERGETICS", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "TRAINING PROGRAM", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-14T10:24:41Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-14T10:24:41Z" } }, { "key": "7WAHU6CI", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 343917, "name": "raulelpichichi", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/343917/items/7WAHU6CI", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi/items/7WAHU6CI", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2426663, "username": "albertfaus", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/albertfaus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Dos-Santos and de Mello", "parsedDate": "2011-06", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "7WAHU6CI", "version": 5, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Responses of Blood Lactate Concentration in Aerobic and Anaerobic Training Protocols at Different Swimming Exercise Intensities in Rats", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Julio Wilson", "lastName": "Dos-Santos" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Maria Alice", "lastName": "de Mello" } ], "abstractNote": "Dos-Santos JW, de Mello MAR. Responses of Blood Lactate Concentration in Aerobic and Anaerobic Training Protocols at Different Swimming Exercise Intensities in Rats. JEPonline 2011;14(3):34-42. Recently, we published in JEPonline, 2010;13(5):27-43, a swimming periodized experimental training model in rats in which different training protocols (TP) were classified in aerobic (A) and anaerobic (AN) intensity levels. The purpose of the present study was to verify if the classification of the TP used in the periodized training experimental model presented the blood lactate concentration [La] response adequate to the aerobic and anaerobic intensities levels. Twenty three male Wistar rats were divided into three groups. Two groups of swimming training (continuous, CT, n = 7, and periodized training, PET, n = 7) rats were evaluated during 5 weeks in eight different TP (TP-1 to TP-8) through the analysis of the [La] response. The third group was the sedentary control (SC, n = 9). The TP were classified in five intensity levels, three aerobic (A-1, A-2, A-3) and two anaerobic (AN-1, AN-2). Analysis of variance (ANOVA one-way, P<0.05) indicated significant differences in the [La] among the TP and among the five intensity levels. All TP of the A-2 and A-3 intensity levels differed from the A-1 and AN-1. The A-1 and AN-1 also differed among them. These findings demonstrate that the TP were classified properly at different levels of aerobic and anaerobic intensities, as based on the [La] response in a way similar to that of high performance swimming with humans. The results offer new perspectives for the study of exercise training in swimming rats at different levels intensity for performance or for health. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Exercise Physiology Online", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "juny 2011", "volume": "14", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "34-42", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Journal of Exercise Physiology Online", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=65237273&site=ehost-live", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "10979751", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "65237273", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "*AEROBIC exercises", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*ANAEROBIC training", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*BLOOD lactate", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*EXERCISE physiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*SWIMMING -- Physiological aspects", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Analysis of Variance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Exercise", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Lactate", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Level", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "RATS as laboratory animals", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Rat", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-14T10:24:41Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-14T10:24:41Z" } }, { "key": "GIM7T7N4", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 343917, "name": "raulelpichichi", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/343917/items/GIM7T7N4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi/items/GIM7T7N4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2426663, "username": "albertfaus", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/albertfaus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Aspenes and Karlsen", "parsedDate": "2012-06", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "GIM7T7N4", "version": 5, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Exercise-Training Intervention Studies in Competitive Swimming", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stian Thoresen", "lastName": "Aspenes" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Trine", "lastName": "Karlsen" } ], "abstractNote": "Competitive swimming has a long history and is currently one of the largest Olympic sports, with 16 pool events. Several aspects separate swimming from most other sports such as (i) the prone position; (ii) simultaneous use of arms and legs for propulsion; (iii) water immersion (i.e. hydrostatic pressure on thorax and controlled respiration); (iv) propulsive forces that are applied against a fluctuant element; and (v) minimal influence of equipment on performance. Competitive swimmers are suggested to have specific anthropometrical features compared with other athletes, but are nevertheless dependent on physiological adaptations to enhance their performance. Swimmers thus engage in large volumes of training in the pool and on dry land. Strength training of various forms is widely used, and the energetic systems are addressed by aerobic and anaerobic swimming training. The aim of the current review was to report results from controlled exercise training trials within competitive swimming. From a structured literature search we found 17 controlled intervention studies that covered strength or resistance training, assisted sprint swimming, arms-only training, leg-kick training, respiratory muscle training, training the energy delivery systems and combined interventions across the aforementioned categories. Nine of the included studies were randomized controlled trials. Among the included studies we found indications that heavy strength training on dry land (one to live repetitions maximum with pull-downs for three sets with maximal effort in the concentric phase) or sprint swimming with resistance towards propulsion (maximal pushing with the arms against fixed points or pulling a perforated bowl) may be efficient for enhanced performance, and may also possibly have positive effects on stroke mechanics. The largest effect size (ES) on swimming performance was found in 50 m freestyle after a dry-land strength training regimen of maximum six repetitions across three sets in relevant musclegroups (ES 1.05), and after a regimen of resistedand assisted-sprint training with elastic surgical tubes (ES 1.21). Secondly, several studies suggest that high training volumes do not pose any immediate advantage over lower volumes (with higher intensity) for swim performance. Overall, very few studies were eligible for the current review although the search strategy was broad and fairly liberal. The included studies predominantly involved freestyle swimming and, overall, there seems to be more questions than answers within intervention-based competitive swimming research. We believe that this review may encourage other researchers to pursue the interesting topics within the physiology of competitive swimming. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR", "publicationTitle": "Sports Medicine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "juny 2012", "volume": "42", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "527-543", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Sports Medicine", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=77414655&site=ehost-live", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "01121642", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "77414655", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "*ADAPTATION (Physiology)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*AEROBIC exercises", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*ANAEROBIC exercises", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*AQUATIC exercises", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*ATHLETIC ability", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*BIOMECHANICS", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*CINAHL (Information retrieval system)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*ECOLOGY", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*ENERGY metabolism", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*EQUIPMENT & supplies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*ERGOMETRY", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*EVIDENCE-based medicine", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*EXERCISE", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*EXERCISE intensity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*EXERCISE physiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*MEDICAL care", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*MEDICINE", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*MEDLINE", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*MUSCLE strength", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*PHYSICAL training & conditioning", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*RESPIRATORY muscles -- Physiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*SPORTS", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*SWIMMING", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "DESCRIPTIVE statistics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "EFFECT sizes (Statistics)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "NORWAY", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ONLINE information services", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-14T10:24:41Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-14T10:24:41Z" } }, { "key": "DDKIVFK5", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 343917, "name": "raulelpichichi", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/343917/items/DDKIVFK5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi/items/DDKIVFK5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2426663, "username": "albertfaus", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/albertfaus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Zarzeczny et al.", "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "DDKIVFK5", "version": 5, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Effects of 8-Week Training on Aerobic Capacity and Swimming Performance of Boys Aged 12 Years", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ryszard", "lastName": "Zarzeczny" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mariusz", "lastName": "Kuberski" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Agnieszka", "lastName": "Deska" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dorota", "lastName": "Zarzeczna" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Katarzyna", "lastName": "Rydz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Anna", "lastName": "Lewandowska" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tomasz", "lastName": "Balchanowski" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Janusz", "lastName": "Bosiacki" } ], "abstractNote": "Study aim: To assess the effects of 8-week endurance training in swimming on work capacity of boys aged 12 years. Material and methods: The following groups of schoolboys aged 12 years were studied: untrained control (UC; n = 14) and those training swimming for two years. The latter ones were subjected to 8-week training in classical style (CS; n = 10) or free style (FS; n = 13). In all boys maximal oxygen uptake (VO[subscript 2]max) was determined, and the CS and FS groups were subjected to 6 tests: swimming at 50 and 400 m distances (time recorded) and to 12-min swimming (distance recorded), all by free and classical styles pre- and post-training. From swimming times at 50 and 400 m distances the so-called critical swimming speed (CSS) was computed: CSS = (400 - 50) / (t[subscript 400] - t[subscript 50]). Results: No training-induced improvement in VO[subscript 2]max was noted in any group. Yet, boys subjected to classical style training significantly (p less than 0.05) improved their free-style swimming velocity at CSS and at the 400-m distance by about 6%, and their heart rate following the 12-min test in classical style decreased by nearly 16% (p less than 0.001) compared with the pre-training values. Conclusions: The 8-week training in given swimming style does not negatively affect the performance in other style than the trained one. This may be of importance in competitive training. (Contains 4 tables.)", "publicationTitle": "Biomedical Human Kinetics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "gener 1, 2011", "volume": "3", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "49-52", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Biomedical Human Kinetics", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "2080-2234", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Aquatic Sports", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Children", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Exercise", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Males", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Metabolism", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Motion", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Older Adults", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Training", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-14T10:24:41Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-14T10:24:41Z" } }, { "key": "778PF367", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 343917, "name": "raulelpichichi", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/343917/items/778PF367", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi/items/778PF367", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2426663, "username": "albertfaus", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/albertfaus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Jacobs", "parsedDate": "2013-03", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "778PF367", "version": 5, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Triathlon Training", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Pete", "lastName": "Jacobs" } ], "abstractNote": "The article presents information related to running champion Pete Jacobs. It is noted that 62 miles of running, 17 hours of cycling and 7.5 miles of swimming are included in the weekly training of Jacobs. It is mentioned that he does a few range-of-motion exercises and does not weight train. It is stated that Jacobs has completed 25 Ironman races over the past 10 years.", "publicationTitle": "Men's Fitness", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "març 2013", "volume": "29", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "68-69", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Men's Fitness", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=85717057&site=ehost-live", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "15412776", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "85717057", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "*EXERCISE", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*RUNNERS (Sports)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*RUNNING techniques", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*TRIATHLON -- Training", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-14T10:24:41Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-14T10:24:41Z" } }, { "key": "282TBKGU", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 343917, "name": "raulelpichichi", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/343917/items/282TBKGU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi/items/282TBKGU", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2426663, "username": "albertfaus", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/albertfaus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Cosgrove et al.", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "282TBKGU", "version": 5, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The impact of 6-month training preparation for an Ironman triathlon on the proportions of naïve, memory and senescent T cells in resting blood", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Cormac", "lastName": "Cosgrove" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stuart", "lastName": "Galloway" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Craig", "lastName": "Neal" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Angus", "lastName": "Hunter" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Brian", "lastName": "McFarlin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Guilllaume", "lastName": "Spielmann" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Richard", "lastName": "Simpson" } ], "abstractNote": "Athletes appear to be at a greater risk of illness while undertaking arduous training regimens in preparation for endurance events. As infection susceptibility has been linked with increased proportions of differentiated and senescent T cells in the periphery, changes in the proportions of these cell types due to long-term high-volume exercise training could have important implications for athlete infection risk. This study examined the effects of 6-month training preparation for an Ironman triathlon on the proportions of naïve, memory and senescent T cells in resting blood. Ten club-level triathletes (9 males; 1 female: 43 ± 3 years) were sampled at 27 (December), 21 (January), 15 (March), 9 (May) and 3 (June) weeks before an Ironman Triathlon. An additional sample was collected 2-week post-competition (August). Four-colour flow cytometry was used for the phenotypic analysis of CD4+ and CD8+ blood T cells. Proportions of differentiated (KLRG1+/CD57−) CD8+ T cells and 'transitional' (CD45RA+/CD45RO+) CD4+ and CD8+ T cells increased with training, as the values in June were elevated 37, 142 and 116%, respectively, from those observed in December. Proportions of senescent (KLRG1+/CD57+) CD4+ or CD8+ T cells did not change during the training phase. Two weeks post-race, proportions of differentiated CD8+ T cells had returned to baseline values, while the proportions of senescent CD4+ T cells increased 192% alongside a 31% reduction in naïve (CD45RA+/CD45RO−) cells. In conclusion, increases in differentiated and 'transitional' T cells due to arduous exercise training could compromise host protection to novel pathogens and increase athlete infection risk, although whether or not the composition of naïve and differentiated T cells in blood can serve as prognostic biomarkers in athletes remains to be established. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR", "publicationTitle": "European Journal of Applied Physiology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "agost 2012", "volume": "112", "issue": "8", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "2989-2998", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "European Journal of Applied Physiology", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "14396319", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "77684872", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "*ATHLETES -- Training of", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*PHYSICAL fitness", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*PHYSICAL training & conditioning", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*TRIATHLON", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "CELL differentiation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Endurance training", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Exercise immunology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Flow cytometry", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Ironman", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "T cells", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-14T10:24:41Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-14T10:24:41Z" } }, { "key": "TF9FC3RK", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 343917, "name": "raulelpichichi", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/343917/items/TF9FC3RK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi/items/TF9FC3RK", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2426663, "username": "albertfaus", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/albertfaus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Cejuela and Esteve", "parsedDate": "2011-07", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "TF9FC3RK", "version": 5, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Training load quantification in triathlon", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Roberto", "lastName": "Cejuela" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jonathan", "lastName": "Esteve" } ], "abstractNote": "There are different Indices of Training Stress of varying complexity, to quantification Training load. Examples include the training impulse (TRIMP), the session (RPE), Lucia's TRIMP or Summated Zone Score. But the triathlon, a sport to be combined where there are interactions between different segments, is a complication when it comes to quantify the training. The aim of this paper is to review current methods of quantification, and to propose a scale to quantify the training load in triathlon simple application. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Human Sport & Exercise", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "juliol 2011", "volume": "6", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "218-232", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Journal of Human Sport & Exercise", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=62542223&site=ehost-live", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "19885202", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "62542223", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "*ATHLETES -- Training of", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*IRONMAN triathlons", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*PHYSICAL fitness", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*PHYSICAL training & conditioning", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*TRIATHLON -- Training", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "HEART RATE", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "PERFORMANCE", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "RPE", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "TRAINING ZONES", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "TRIMP", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-14T10:24:41Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-14T10:24:41Z" } }, { "key": "M6Z528P6", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 343917, "name": "raulelpichichi", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/343917/items/M6Z528P6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi/items/M6Z528P6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2426663, "username": "albertfaus", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/albertfaus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hopker et al.", "parsedDate": "2009", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "M6Z528P6", "version": 5, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Effects of Training on Gross Efficiency in Cycling: A Review", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Hopker" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L.", "lastName": "Passfield" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Coleman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Jobson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L.", "lastName": "Edwards" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H.", "lastName": "Carter" } ], "abstractNote": "There has been much debate in the recent scientific literature regarding the possible ability to increase gross efficiency in cycling via training. Using cross-sectional study designs, researchers have demonstrated no significant differences in gross efficiency between trained and untrained cyclists. Reviewing this literature provides evidence to suggest that methodological inadequacies may have played a crucial role in the conclusions drawn from the majority of these studies. We present an overview of these studies and their relative shortcomings and conclude that in well-controlled and rigorously designed studies, training has a positive influence upon gross efficiency. Putative mechanisms for the increase in gross efficiency as a result of training include, muscle fibre type transformation, changes to muscle fibre shortening velocities and changes within the mitochondria. However, the specific mechanisms by which training improves gross efficiency and their impact on cycling performance remain to be determined. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR", "publicationTitle": "International Journal of Sports Medicine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "desembre 2009", "volume": "30", "issue": "12", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "845-850", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "International Journal of Sports Medicine", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "01724622", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The Effects of Training on Gross Efficiency in Cycling", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "47489605", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "*CYCLING -- Training", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*CYCLISTS", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*INTERVAL training", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*MITOCHONDRIA", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*PHYSIOLOGY", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*SPEED", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "CROSS-sectional method", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Delta efficiency", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Endurance training", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "TRAINING of", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cycling", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "economy", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-14T10:24:41Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-14T10:24:41Z" } }, { "key": "PNKN55D2", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 343917, "name": "raulelpichichi", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/343917/items/PNKN55D2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi/items/PNKN55D2", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2426663, "username": "albertfaus", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/albertfaus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Yamamoto et al.", "parsedDate": "2010-02", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "PNKN55D2", "version": 5, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Effects of Resistance Training on Road Cycling Performance Among Highly Trained Cyclists: A Systematic Review", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Linda M.", "lastName": "Yamamoto" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jennifer F.", "lastName": "Klau" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Douglas J.", "lastName": "Casa" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "William J.", "lastName": "Kraemer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lawrence E.", "lastName": "Armstrong" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Carl M.", "lastName": "Maresh" } ], "abstractNote": "The article reports on research conducted to evaluate research which had been conducted on the effect resistance training had on road cycling performance in highly trained cyclists. Researchers evaluated five studies found in a database. They found that despite a limited amount of research on the subject it appears that replacing a portion of a cyclist's endurance training with resistance training may increase performance and power.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins)", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "febrer 2010", "volume": "24", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "560-566", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins)", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "10648011", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The Effects of Resistance Training on Road Cycling Performance Among Highly Trained Cyclists", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "48457478", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "*ATHLETES -- Training of", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*CYCLING", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*CYCLISTS -- Physiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*ENDURANCE sports -- Training", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*ISOMETRIC exercise", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*PHYSICAL fitness -- Research", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Endurance training", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "PHYSIOLOGICAL aspects", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "RESEARCH", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "endurance athlete", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "time trial", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-14T10:24:41Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-14T10:24:41Z" } }, { "key": "9NC9N7QF", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 343917, "name": "raulelpichichi", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/343917/items/9NC9N7QF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi/items/9NC9N7QF", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2426663, "username": "albertfaus", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/albertfaus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Rønnestad and Mujika", "parsedDate": "2013", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "9NC9N7QF", "version": 5, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Optimizing strength training for running and cycling endurance performance: A review", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B R", "lastName": "Rønnestad" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "I", "lastName": "Mujika" } ], "abstractNote": "Here we report on the effect of combining endurance training with heavy or explosive strength training on endurance performance in endurance-trained runners and cyclists. Running economy is improved by performing combined endurance training with either heavy or explosive strength training. However, heavy strength training is recommended for improving cycling economy. Equivocal findings exist regarding the effects on power output or velocity at the lactate threshold. Concurrent endurance and heavy strength training can increase running speed and power output at VO2max (Vmax and Wmax , respectively) or time to exhaustion at Vmax and Wmax . Combining endurance training with either explosive or heavy strength training can improve running performance, while there is most compelling evidence of an additive effect on cycling performance when heavy strength training is used. It is suggested that the improved endurance performance may relate to delayed activation of less efficient type II fibers, improved neuromuscular efficiency, conversion of fast-twitch type IIX fibers into more fatigue-resistant type IIA fibers, or improved musculo-tendinous stiffness.; © 2013 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.", "publicationTitle": "Scandinavian Journal Of Medicine & Science In Sports", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "agost 5, 2013", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Scandinavian Journal Of Medicine & Science In Sports", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1600-0838", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "23914932", "shortTitle": "Optimizing strength training for running and cycling endurance performance", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "23914932", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "aerobic capacity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "concurrent training adaptations", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cycling", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "exercise economy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "neuromuscular function", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "running", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-14T10:24:41Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-14T10:24:41Z" } }, { "key": "KVEU5AIZ", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 343917, "name": "raulelpichichi", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/343917/items/KVEU5AIZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi/items/KVEU5AIZ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2426663, "username": "albertfaus", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/albertfaus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Miller and George", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "KVEU5AIZ", "version": 5, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Effect of Intermittent Hypoxic Exposure plus Sea Level Swimming Training on Anaerobic Swimming Performance", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A. N.", "lastName": "Miller" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K.", "lastName": "George" } ], "abstractNote": "An approach which has been proposed as a time efficient variant of the \"live-high train-low\" altitude training strategy is that of intermittent hypoxic exposure. The aim of the study was to determine whether 3 weeks of intermittent hypoxic exposure would enhance sea level anaerobic swimming performance. Eight participants (age = 20 ± 2 years; height =1.77 ± 4.80m; mass = 72.0 ± 3.0 kg) took part in the study and were split into two groups: experimental (EXP) and control (CON). For 3 days a week over a 3 week consecutive period, both groups rested for a total of 90 minutes per day in the hypoxic chamber, whilst undergoing their usual training programme. The experimental group rested in a hypoxic chamber at a simulated altitude of 2300m, whilst the control group rested in a hypoxic chamber at sea level conditions. All participants underwent a total of 3 performance tests (100m sprint) 1 week prior to the hypoxic exposure, 2 days post exposure (Post 1) and 9 days post exposure (Post 2). A blood lactate sample was taken at rest, immediately after, 3 and 7 minutes after each time trial. Using a two-way repeated measures ANOVA, the results revealed that there was no significant difference in time for 100m performance (p = 0.431), stroke count (p = 0.824) or stroke rate (p= 0.278), but there was a significant increase over time for blood lactate (p < 0.01). This dose of intermittent hypoxic exposure was not sufficient to elicit significant improvements in 100m sprint time in these eight competitive swimmers. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Swimming Research", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Fall 2012", "volume": "20", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1-10", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Journal of Swimming Research", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=84395058&site=ehost-live", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "07475993", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "84395058", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "*ANAEROBIC exercises", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*AQUATIC sports", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*SPORTS sciences", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*SWIMMERS", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*SWIMMING -- Training", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "HYPOXIA (Water)", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-14T10:24:41Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-14T10:24:41Z" } }, { "key": "PVIHXWU9", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 343917, "name": "raulelpichichi", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/343917/items/PVIHXWU9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi/items/PVIHXWU9", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2426663, "username": "albertfaus", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/albertfaus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Morouço et al.", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "PVIHXWU9", "version": 5, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Effects of dry-land strength training on swimming performance: a brief review", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Pedro Gil", "lastName": "Morouço" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Daniel Almeida", "lastName": "Marinho" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nuno Miguel", "lastName": "Amaro" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "José Antonio", "lastName": "Peréz-Turpin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mário Cardoso", "lastName": "Marques" } ], "abstractNote": "This article provides a brief review over the state of art concerning dry-land training for swimmers. It is important to understand the role of muscular strength for swimming performance and how it might be improved. Firstly, this article analyzes the relationships between strength or power assessment in dry-land and swimming performance. Secondly, the results of studies aiming to evaluate the influence of dry-land strength training to swimming performance improvement are presented. These results allow coaches to realize the benefits that may be obtained by an appropriate strength training program, according to gender and level. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Human Sport & Exercise", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "agost 2012", "volume": "7", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "553-559", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Journal of Human Sport & Exercise", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=82280379&site=ehost-live", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "19885202", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Effects of dry-land strength training on swimming performance", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "82280379", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "*PHYSICAL training & conditioning", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*STRENGTH training", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*SWIMMERS", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*SWIMMING", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*SWIMMING techniques", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "FORCE", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "POWER", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "STRENGTH", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "TESTING", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "TRAINING of", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-14T10:24:41Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-14T10:24:41Z" } }, { "key": "N5Q2KRK5", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 343917, "name": "raulelpichichi", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/343917/items/N5Q2KRK5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi/items/N5Q2KRK5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2426663, "username": "albertfaus", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/albertfaus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Cedaro", "parsedDate": "2012-11", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "N5Q2KRK5", "version": 5, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Strength Training And Triathlon", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rod", "lastName": "Cedaro" } ], "abstractNote": "The article offers helpful tips for the strength training of triathletes. Theses include key pointers to be considered when putting up a strength-training program such as considering the demands of the event, athlete characteristics and comparing the different sprint demands for various energy systems. It also notes the aerobic and anaerobic system for endurance training of the beginning athlete, intermediate athlete and elite athlete and taking note of the physiological demands.", "publicationTitle": "Triathlon & Multi Sport Magazine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "novembre 2012", "volume": "15", "issue": "8", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "80-85", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Triathlon & Multi Sport Magazine", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "82510805", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "*AEROBIC exercises", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*PHYSICAL fitness", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*PHYSICAL training & conditioning", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*SPRINTING -- Training", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*TRIATHLETES", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-14T10:24:41Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-14T10:24:41Z" } }, { "key": "RQGJESGQ", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 343917, "name": "raulelpichichi", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/343917/items/RQGJESGQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi/items/RQGJESGQ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2426663, "username": "albertfaus", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/albertfaus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bales and Bales", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "RQGJESGQ", "version": 5, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Swimming Overuse Injuries Associated With Triathlon Training", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "James", "lastName": "Bales" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kann", "lastName": "Bales" } ], "abstractNote": "The article focuses on the swimming overuse injuries that occur during the training of athletes for triathlon, sports competition. It includes information on swimming overuse injuries in triathletes which involves shoulder pain that occur due to repetitive overhead motion resulting in microtrauma, mechanical impingement or generalized laxity.", "publicationTitle": "Sports Medicine & Arthroscopy Review", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "desembre 2012", "volume": "20", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "196-199", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Sports Medicine & Arthroscopy Review", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "10628592", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "83761227", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "*JOINTS -- Hypermobility", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*OVERUSE injuries", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*SHOULDER -- Wounds & injuries", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*SPORTS competitions", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*SWIMMING -- Training", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*SWIMMING injuries", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*TRIATHLON", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Swimming", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "glenohumeral instability", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "impingement", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "overuse injury", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "rotator cuff tendinitis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "triathlon", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-14T10:24:41Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-14T10:24:41Z" } }, { "key": "6RWPF3SJ", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 343917, "name": "raulelpichichi", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/343917/items/6RWPF3SJ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi/items/6RWPF3SJ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2426663, "username": "albertfaus", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/albertfaus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "6RWPF3SJ", "version": 5, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Biomechanical monitoring method in cycling training", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "The article offers information on the biomechanical monitoring method used in the training of cyclists. It says that the monitoring of athletes' specific strength training can be conducted on four aspects including collecting of performance data by athletes, establishing training targets, and performing on-site training monitoring. Meanwhile, it highlights the specific strength requirements for different cycling events.", "publicationTitle": "Sports Bulletin", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "maig 2012", "volume": "5", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "8-8", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Sports Bulletin", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=77367950&site=ehost-live", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "77367950", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "*ATHLETIC recruitment", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*CYCLING -- Ability testing", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*CYCLISTS", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*PHYSICAL training & conditioning", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*STRENGTH training", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "TRAINING of", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-14T10:24:41Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-14T10:24:41Z" } }, { "key": "VTDTQVU2", "version": 4, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 343917, "name": "raulelpichichi", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/343917/items/VTDTQVU2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi/items/VTDTQVU2", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2426663, "username": "albertfaus", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/albertfaus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Yamamoto et al.", "parsedDate": "2010-02", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "VTDTQVU2", "version": 4, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Effects of Resistance Training on Road Cycling Performance Among Highly Trained Cyclists: A Systematic Review", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Linda M.", "lastName": "Yamamoto" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jennifer F.", "lastName": "Klau" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Douglas J.", "lastName": "Casa" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "William J.", "lastName": "Kraemer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lawrence E.", "lastName": "Armstrong" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Carl M.", "lastName": "Maresh" } ], "abstractNote": "The article reports on research conducted to evaluate research which had been conducted on the effect resistance training had on road cycling performance in highly trained cyclists. Researchers evaluated five studies found in a database. They found that despite a limited amount of research on the subject it appears that replacing a portion of a cyclist's endurance training with resistance training may increase performance and power.", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins)", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "febrer 2010", "volume": "24", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "560-566", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins)", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "10648011", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The Effects of Resistance Training on Road Cycling Performance Among Highly Trained Cyclists", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "48457478", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "*ATHLETES -- Training of", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*CYCLING", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*CYCLISTS -- Physiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*ENDURANCE sports -- Training", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*ISOMETRIC exercise", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*PHYSICAL fitness -- Research", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Endurance training", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "PHYSIOLOGICAL aspects", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "RESEARCH", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "endurance athlete", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "time trial", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-14T10:17:37Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-14T10:17:37Z" } }, { "key": "BSQTDFBC", "version": 4, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 343917, "name": "raulelpichichi", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/343917/items/BSQTDFBC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi/items/BSQTDFBC", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2426663, "username": "albertfaus", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/albertfaus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Rønnestad and Mujika", "parsedDate": "2013", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BSQTDFBC", "version": 4, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Optimizing strength training for running and cycling endurance performance: A review", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B R", "lastName": "Rønnestad" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "I", "lastName": "Mujika" } ], "abstractNote": "Here we report on the effect of combining endurance training with heavy or explosive strength training on endurance performance in endurance-trained runners and cyclists. Running economy is improved by performing combined endurance training with either heavy or explosive strength training. However, heavy strength training is recommended for improving cycling economy. Equivocal findings exist regarding the effects on power output or velocity at the lactate threshold. Concurrent endurance and heavy strength training can increase running speed and power output at VO2max (Vmax and Wmax , respectively) or time to exhaustion at Vmax and Wmax . Combining endurance training with either explosive or heavy strength training can improve running performance, while there is most compelling evidence of an additive effect on cycling performance when heavy strength training is used. It is suggested that the improved endurance performance may relate to delayed activation of less efficient type II fibers, improved neuromuscular efficiency, conversion of fast-twitch type IIX fibers into more fatigue-resistant type IIA fibers, or improved musculo-tendinous stiffness.; © 2013 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.", "publicationTitle": "Scandinavian Journal Of Medicine & Science In Sports", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "agost 5, 2013", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Scandinavian Journal Of Medicine & Science In Sports", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1600-0838", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "23914932", "shortTitle": "Optimizing strength training for running and cycling endurance performance", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "23914932", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "aerobic capacity", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "concurrent training adaptations", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cycling", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "exercise economy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "neuromuscular function", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "running", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-14T10:17:37Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-14T10:17:37Z" } }, { "key": "DTEZA47Q", "version": 4, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 343917, "name": "raulelpichichi", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/343917/items/DTEZA47Q", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi/items/DTEZA47Q", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2426663, "username": "albertfaus", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/albertfaus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hopker et al.", "parsedDate": "2009", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "DTEZA47Q", "version": 4, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Effects of Training on Gross Efficiency in Cycling: A Review", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Hopker" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L.", "lastName": "Passfield" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Coleman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Jobson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L.", "lastName": "Edwards" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H.", "lastName": "Carter" } ], "abstractNote": "There has been much debate in the recent scientific literature regarding the possible ability to increase gross efficiency in cycling via training. Using cross-sectional study designs, researchers have demonstrated no significant differences in gross efficiency between trained and untrained cyclists. Reviewing this literature provides evidence to suggest that methodological inadequacies may have played a crucial role in the conclusions drawn from the majority of these studies. We present an overview of these studies and their relative shortcomings and conclude that in well-controlled and rigorously designed studies, training has a positive influence upon gross efficiency. Putative mechanisms for the increase in gross efficiency as a result of training include, muscle fibre type transformation, changes to muscle fibre shortening velocities and changes within the mitochondria. However, the specific mechanisms by which training improves gross efficiency and their impact on cycling performance remain to be determined. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR", "publicationTitle": "International Journal of Sports Medicine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "desembre 2009", "volume": "30", "issue": "12", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "845-850", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "International Journal of Sports Medicine", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "01724622", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The Effects of Training on Gross Efficiency in Cycling", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "47489605", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "*CYCLING -- Training", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*CYCLISTS", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*INTERVAL training", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*MITOCHONDRIA", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*PHYSIOLOGY", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*SPEED", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "CROSS-sectional method", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Delta efficiency", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Endurance training", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "TRAINING of", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "cycling", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "economy", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-14T10:17:37Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-14T10:17:37Z" } }, { "key": "SWM9EJBH", "version": 4, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 343917, "name": "raulelpichichi", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/343917/items/SWM9EJBH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi/items/SWM9EJBH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2426663, "username": "albertfaus", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/albertfaus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Capostagno et al.", "parsedDate": "2013-07-22", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "SWM9EJBH", "version": 4, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Standardized vs. Customized High-Intensity Training: Effects on Cycling Performance", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Benoit", "lastName": "Capostagno" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael I", "lastName": "Lambert" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert P", "lastName": "Lamberts" } ], "abstractNote": "Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a sub-maximal cycling test could be used to monitor and prescribe high-intensity interval training (HIT). Methods: Two groups of male cyclists completed four HIT sessions over a two week period. The Structured training Group (SG; n = 8, VO2max = 58.4 ± 4.2 ml.min-1.kg-1) followed a predetermined training programme while the Flexible training Group (FG; n = 7, VO2max = 53.9 ± 5.0 ml.min-1.kg-1) had the timing of their HIT sessions prescribed based on the data of the Lamberts and Lambert Sub-maximal Cycle Test (LSCT). Results: Effect size calculations showed 'large' differences in the improvements in 40kmTT performance following the HIT training between SG (8 ± 45 s) and FG (48 ± 42 s). Heart rate recovery, monitored during the study, tended to increase in FG and remain unchanged in SG. Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that the LSCT may be a useful tool for coaches to monitor and prescribe high-intensity training.;", "publicationTitle": "International Journal Of Sports Physiology And Performance", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "juliol 22, 2013", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "International Journal Of Sports Physiology And Performance", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1555-0265", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "23881116", "shortTitle": "Standardized vs. Customized High-Intensity Training", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "23881116", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-14T10:17:37Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-14T10:17:37Z" } }, { "key": "7PS5PRCV", "version": 4, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 343917, "name": "raulelpichichi", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/343917/items/7PS5PRCV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi/items/7PS5PRCV", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2426663, "username": "albertfaus", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/albertfaus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Louis et al.", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "7PS5PRCV", "version": 4, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Strength training improves cycling efficiency in master endurance athletes", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Julien", "lastName": "Louis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christophe", "lastName": "Hausswirth" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christopher", "lastName": "Easthope" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jeanick", "lastName": "Brisswalter" } ], "abstractNote": "The purpose of this study was to test the effect of a 3-week strength training program of knee extensor muscles on cycling delta efficiency in master endurance athletes. Nine master (age 51.5 ± 5.5 years) and 8 young (age 25.6 ± 5.9 years) endurance athletes with similar training levels participated in this study. During three consecutive weeks, all the subjects were engaged in a strength training program of the knee extensor muscles. Every week, they performed three training sessions consist of 10 × 10 knee extensions at 70% of maximal repetition with 3 min rest between in a leg extension apparatus. Maximal voluntary contraction torque (MVC torque) and force endurance (End) were assessed before, after every completed week of training, and after the program. Delta efficiency (DE) in cycling was evaluated before and after the training period. Before the training period, MVC torque, End, and DE in cycling were significantly lower in masters than in young. The strength training induced a significant improvement in MVC torque in all the subjects, more pronounced in masters (+17.8% in masters vs. +5.9% in young, P < 0.05). DE in cycling also significantly increased after training in masters, whereas it was only a trend in young. A significant correlation ( r = 0.79, P < 0.01) was observed between MVC torque and DE in cycling in masters. The addition of a strength training program for the knee extensor muscles to endurance-only training induced a significant improvement in strength and cycling efficiency in master athletes. This enhancement in muscle performance alleviated all the age-related differences in strength and efficiency. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR", "publicationTitle": "European Journal of Applied Physiology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "gener 15, 2012", "volume": "112", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "631-640", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "European Journal of Applied Physiology", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "14396319", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "70330983", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "*ATHLETES -- Training of", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*CYCLING -- Physiological aspects", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*ENDURANCE athletes", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*MUSCLE contraction -- Regulation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*STRENGTH training", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Aging", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Delta efficiency", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Maximal voluntary contraction", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Muscle performance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "RESEARCH", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-14T10:17:37Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-14T10:17:37Z" } }, { "key": "WPNG8UZW", "version": 4, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 343917, "name": "raulelpichichi", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/343917/items/WPNG8UZW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi/items/WPNG8UZW", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2426663, "username": "albertfaus", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/albertfaus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Jobson et al.", "parsedDate": "2009-10", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "WPNG8UZW", "version": 4, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Analysis and Utilization of Cycling Training Data", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Simon A.", "lastName": "Jobson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Louis", "lastName": "Passfield" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Greg", "lastName": "Atkinson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gabor", "lastName": "Barton" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Philip", "lastName": "Scarf" } ], "abstractNote": "Most mathematical models of athletic training require the quantification of training intensity and quantity or 'dose'. We aim to summarize both the methods available for such quantification, particularly in relation to cycle sport, and the mathematical techniques that may be used to model the relationship between training and performance. Endurance athletes have used training volume (kilometres per week and/or hours per week) as an index of training dose with some success. However, such methods usually fail to accommodate the potentially important influence of training intensity. The scientific literature has provided some support for alternative methods such as the session rating of perceived exertion, which provides a subjective quantification of the intensity of exercise; and the heart rate-derived training impulse (TRIMP) method, which quantifies the training stimulus as a composite of external loading and physiological response, multiplying the training load (stress) by the training intensity (strain). Other methods described in the scientific literature include 'ordinal categorization' and a heart rate-based excess post-exercise oxygen consumption method. In cycle sport, mobile cycle ergometers (e.g. SRM_ and PowerTap_) are now widely available. These devices allow the continuous measurement of the cyclists' work rate (power output) when riding their own bicycles during training and competition. However, the inherent variability in power output when cycling poses several challenges in attempting to evaluate the exact nature of a session. Such variability means that average power output is incommensurate with the cyclist's physiological strain. A useful alternative may be the use of an exponentially weighted averaging process to represent the data as a 'normalized power'. Several research groups have applied systems theory to analyse the responses to physical training. Impulse-response models aim to relate training loads to performance, taking into account the dynamic and temporal characteristics of training and, therefore, the effects of load sequences over time. Despite the successes of this approach it has some significant limitations, e.g. an excessive number of performance tests to determine model parameters. Non-linear artificial neural networks may provide a more accurate description of the complex non-linear biological adaptation process. However, such models may also be constrained by the large number of datasets required to 'train' the model. A number of alternative mathematical approaches such as the Performance- Potential-Metamodel (PerPot), mixed linear modelling, cluster analysis and chaos theory display conceptual richness. However, much further research is required before such approaches can be considered as viable alternatives to traditional impulse-response models. Some of these methods may not provide useful information about the relationship between training and performance. However, they may help describe the complex physiological training response phenomenon. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR", "publicationTitle": "Sports Medicine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "octubre 2009", "volume": "39", "issue": "10", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "833-844", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Sports Medicine", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=44256127&site=ehost-live", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "01121642", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "44256127", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "*ATHLETIC ability -- Testing", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*EQUIPMENT & supplies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*PERFORMANCE evaluation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*PHYSICAL education", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*PHYSICAL fitness", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*TRAINING", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "MATHEMATICAL models", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "MATHEMATICAL statistics", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-14T10:17:37Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-14T10:17:37Z" } }, { "key": "HNJXT69B", "version": 4, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 343917, "name": "raulelpichichi", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/343917/items/HNJXT69B", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/raulelpichichi/items/HNJXT69B", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 2426663, "username": "albertfaus", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/albertfaus", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ganter et al.", "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "HNJXT69B", "version": 4, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Development of Cycling Performance during the Training Program: An Analysis using Dynamical Systems Theory", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nico", "lastName": "Ganter" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kerstin", "lastName": "Witte" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jürgen", "lastName": "Edelmann-Nusser" } ], "abstractNote": "One of the main theories in ecological psychology is the theory of affordances. Affordances are opportunities for action which are provided by the environment in which the action takes place and are action specific. So affordances describe how the environment allows, supports and constrains an action. The idea of studying the affordances can also be applied to sport, in this case to putting in golf, to gain insight into how performance is influenced by the sport specific environment. During tournaments, discrete experiences of players while performing a putt were collected for several rounds at one green. Using the ISOPAR method (Stöckl et al., 2011) all the single experiences of one round of the different players were transformed into a continuous average experience of the field across the whole green. Based on ISOPAR maps we can visualize the affordances and constraints which influenced the field's play. According to the number and the arrangement of the iso-lines on the ISOPAR maps we can identify areas on the green where the play of the field was constrained heavily by gradients on the green's surface and/or distance to the cup. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR", "publicationTitle": "International Journal of Computer Science in Sport", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "maig 2011", "volume": "10", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "5-25", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "International Journal of Computer Science in Sport", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=69882472&site=ehost-live", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "16844769", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The Development of Cycling Performance during the Training Program", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "69882472", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "*CYCLING", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*DYNAMICS", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*GOLF -- Tournaments", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "*SPORTS", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "COMPUTER science", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS THEORY", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ELECTROMYOGRAPHY", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "SYNERGETICS", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "TRAINING PROGRAM", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2015-04-14T10:17:37Z", "dateModified": "2015-04-14T10:17:37Z" } } ]